Survival analysis of 8785 malignant lymphoma cases in the oral and nasal cavities in the USA: a cohort study

OBJECTIVE

To identify the factors associated with the survival of malignant Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in oral and nasal cavities.Study design. Retrospective cohort survival analysis.

METHODS

The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results 18 database was used to analyse the factors associated with the 5-year survival rate of malignant lymphomas diagnosed in the oral cavity and pharynx (OCP) and nasal cavity and sinus (NCS) regions from 1988 to 2011 for all patients in the USA. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to calculate the HR of malignant lymphoma death overall and by the site of cancer diagnosis.

RESULTS

Among the 8785 patients included in the analysis, 4103 (46.7%) were women, 6096 (69.4%) were non-Hispanic (NH) white, 635 (7.2%) were NH black and 1209 (13.8%) were Hispanic patients of all races. We found that a higher 5-year survival rate of malignant lymphoma is associated with: female gender; younger age at diagnosis; NH white race/ethnicity; diagnosis in the oral cavity; receiving surgery/radiation and surgery/radiation, surgery and chemotherapy as the treatment; diagnosis at a localised stage and diagnosis in later calendar years. No association with lymphoma subtype was observed.

CONCLUSION

We have identified several demographics and prognosis factors associated with the 5-year survival rate of malignant lymphomas in the OCP and NCS regions. These findings warrant greater public health attention on the prognosis of malignant lymphomas in the OCP and NCS regions among the most vulnerable populations.

miR-552 promotes laryngocarcinoma cells proliferation and metastasis by targeting p53 pathway

Numerous researches show that MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in tumorigenesis, progression, recurrence and drug resistance of malignant tumors, including laryngocarcinoma. miR-552 works as an oncogene in both colorectal cancer and liver cancer. However, the potential role of miR-552 in laryngocarcinoma is unknown. Herein, we for first found that miR-552 expression was upregulated in laryngocarcinoma tissues compared with their normal controls. Moreover, miR-552 expression was also increasing in the laryngocarcinoma cells. miR-552 interference inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of laryngocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analysis identified p53 as a direct target of miR-552. miR-552 knockdown upregulated the p53 mRNA and protein expression in laryngocarcinoma cells. miR-552 expression was negatively associated with p53 expression in laryngocarcinoma tissues. More importantly, the p53 siRNA or p53 overexpression virus abrogated the discrepancy of growth and metastasis capacity between miR-552 interference laryngocarcinoma cells and control cells.

[Clinical control status and quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma after endoscopic surgery]

Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical control status and quality of life of patients with chronic sinusitis and asthma after endoscopic surgery. Method:A prospective study of 36 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and asthma who had endoscopic surgery. All patients underwent standardized drug therapy before operation. After evaluation by the respiratory and anesthesiologists, they were admitted to the hospital for endoscopic surgery. The patients were closely monitored during the operation, and the patients were observed and recorded. Self-control was performed to compare the observational indexes of the patients for half a year and one year after surgery. Result:①The Asthma Control Scale （ACT） score showed that the proportion of complete control of asthma increased from 8.33% before surgery to 30.56% in the first half of the year and 27.78% in 1 year, which was significantly improved （P<0.05）. ②Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire（AQLQ） showedthatthe indicators of postoperative quality except the response to the stimulus, limited activity, asthma symptoms, psychological status and concern for their own health are all have statistically significant （P<0.05）. ③In the first half of the year, there were 47.22%, in 1 year, 41.67% of the patients had improved asthma medication. There was no difference between the two groups （P>0.05）. ④The exhaled nitric oxide index was decreased in the first half of the year and in the first year after operation. ⑤There was no significant change in lung function indexes before and after operation （P>0.05）. Conclusion:In patients with chronic sinusitis and asthma, under the comprehensive treatment of endoscopic surgery, improving the quality of life of patients can also improve the control of asthma symptoms and medication, control the development of asthma, and have a positive effect on clinical efficacy.

Ameliorative effect of acetylshikonin on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in mice through the inhibition of Th2 cytokine production and mast cell histamine release

Acetylshikonin has long been known as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidative reagent. However, the anti-allergic effect has not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acetylshikonin on allergic rhinitis (AR) in mice. Mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of OVA and aluminum hydroxide and challenged with intranasal instillation of OVA. Acetylshikonin was administered orally after nasal cavities challenge. Severity of allergic rhinitis was assessed according to nasal symptoms; serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), IgG1, and IgG2a level; and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, IL-12, and interferon (INF)-γ levels in nasal lavage fluid (NALF). Additionally, the histological change and the release of histamine in serum and nasal lavage fluid were evaluated by acid-Schiff stain and ELISA. Acetylshikonin attenuated manifestation of nasal symptoms in sensitized mice and inhibited production of Th2-related OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and Th2 cell-produced IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and mast cell produced histamine; however, it had no effect on Th1 cell-produced cytokines, like INF-γ. In addition, the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia was attenuated by acetylshikonin treatment. Our results suggest that acetylshikonin effectively reduces allergic inflammation in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis by its anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties.

[Multiple-factor analysis of serum allergen distribution of patients with allergic rhinitis and level of main allergen IgE in Shenyang area]

Objective:To discuss multiple-factor analysis of serum allergen distribution of patients with allergic rhinitis and level of main allergen IgE in Shenyang area, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of allergic rhinitis in this area.Method:Serum IgE was detected in 749 cases［501 cases of male (66.8%), and 248 cases of female (33.2%)］, with allergic rhinitis.The age range was from 3 to 65 years old, and they were divided into 5 groups based on age. A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze the distribution of serum allergens and to carry out a multiple-factor analysis of level of the main allergen IgE in patients.Result:The primary allergen was house dust mite/dust mite in each age group, and the differences in the positive rate of elm, mold, cat/dog fur scurf, cockroach and ragweed among different groups were statistically significant（P<0.01 or P<0.05）.The ingested allergen sequencing for all age groups: the distribution of 7-14 years old group and 15-35 years old group were consistent with that of the whole, among the under 6 years old group, mango and pineapple was ranked 1st,beef and mutton was ranked 2nd,the occurrence rate of shrimp and crab rose to the 3rd place, among the 36-60 years old group, mango, pineapple and milk was ranked 1st, egg was ranked 2nd, and beef and mutton ranked 3rd, the differences in positive rate of mango and pineapple, beef and mutton, crab and nut among all groups were statistically significant(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The IgE level of cockroach was impacted by the allergic history, home cultivation of flowers and plants and animal domestication. The IgE level of mold was impacted by sex, allergy history, home rearing of pet and furniture updates. The IgE level of wormwood was impacted by allergy history and asthma history. The IgE level of peanut was impacted by age and allergy history. The IgE level of egg was impacted by history of food and drink allergy, home cultivation of flowers and plants and home rearing of pet. The IgE level of crab was impacted by the allergy history and home rearing of pet.Conclusion: The primary inhaled allergen in all groups is house dust mite/dust mite, and the ingested allergen varies in each group, which has provided a reference basis for prevention of ingested allergy.The varying influence factors for IgE level of primary allergens could be used to prevent the patients from contacting the allergen,and each risk factor has become a focus of prevention and control for patients, offering a major help to the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis.

[A study on P16 and HPV16 in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma]

Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the expression of P16 and infection of HPV16 in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical and pathological features, futher prognosis was also investigated. Method:Fifty-five cases of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma were collected,twenty cases of nasal in-verted papilloma and twenty cases of nasal polyp were chose as control. The expression of P16 and infection of HPV16 were detected by immunohistochemistry in both experimental group and control group. Result:The positive rate of P16 and HPV16 in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma and nasal in-verted papilloma were significantly higher than it in nasal polyp (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of P16 was correlated with tumor differentiation and clinical TNM stages (P<0.05), but was not associated with age, sex, smoking and the primary tumor site (P>0.05). HPV16 infection has no statistical relationship with analysis factors (P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between P16 expression an HPV16 infection in the cases of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (r=0.483, P<0.01). Survival curves showed that the expression of P16 and infection of HPV16 were positively associated with prognosis of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma, Log Rank test showed a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion:The abnormal expression of P16 and HPV16 infection play an important role in the development of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma. The two may had a synergistic effect. P16/HPV16 positive cases had better prognosis.

[The relationship between viral infection and nasal polyps:A Meta-analysis]

Objective:The relationship between viral infection and the occurrence of nasal polyps was explored to help us understand the etiology and pathogenesis of nasal polyps, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of nasal polyps through a Meta-analysis. Method:By searching Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database, time starts from database building until January 1, 2018, a comprehensive case-control study on the relationship between human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), respiratory virus infection and nasal polyps published at home and abroad has been conducted. At the same time, relevant literature references have been included and the full texts have been obtained. Stata 12.0 analysis software was used to perform statistical processing on each original data.Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were adopted to assess the strength of association. Result:21 articles with 24 studies were included on the relationship between HPV, EBV, respiratory viral infection and nasal polyps. The Meta-analysis results showed that the OR of HPV infection and nasal polyps was 6.74, 95%CI was 2.50－18.20, P<0.001, the OR of EBV and nasal polyps was 5.15, 95%CI was 1.66－16.02, P=0.005, the OR of respiratory viruses and nasal polyps was 1.68, 95%CI was 0.93－3.03, P=0.087.There was no significant publication bias in all of the comparisons. Conclusion:HPV and EBV infection were closely associated with the nasal polyps. Respiratory viral infection was not associated with the nasal polyps. Viral infection may be one of the etiologies of nasal polyps. It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. The prevention and treatment of the virus infection should be targeted at early intervention.

Maximal number of pre-synaptic ribbons are formed in cochlear region corresponding to middle frequency in mice

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether there are more quantitative pre-synaptic ribbons formed in the cochlear region corresponding to middle-frequency in cochlea of mice.

METHODS

Counts of pre-synaptic ribbons were performed using immunostaining and laser confocal microscopy. Hearing thresholds and function of ribbon synapses were estimated by auditory brain response (ABR) and compound action potential (CAP). Cochlear mapping has been achieved to match the frequencies and corresponding regions along the cochlear spiral.

RESULTS

The number of pre-synaptic ribbons in per inner hair cell (IHC) has been found to increase gradually from the base turn, the maximal quantity appeared at the region of 50-70% from the apex. Next, ABR thresholds showed that there was the lowest ABR threshold in the frequency around 8-16 kHz, corresponding to the region of 50-70% from the apex according to the cochlear mapping. Further, CAP amplitudes were estimated, and the maximal value identified at the same frequency (8-16 kHz).

CONCLUSIONS

Maximal number of pre-synaptic ribbons is formed in the cochlear region of middle frequency in mice, coupling with the lowest ABR threshold and highest CAP amplitudes. Our study shows that the middle frequency (8-16 kHz) could be the most sensitive region to sound stimuli in mice.

Functional evaluation of a CAD/CAM prosthesis for immediate defect repair after total maxillectomy: a case series of 18 patients with maxillary sinus cancer

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the facial profiles and functional recovery of 18 patients treated by a computer-aided designed/manufactured hollow obturator prosthesis (CAD/CAM prosthesis) after total maxillectomy for malignant maxillary sinus tumor.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective observational study was performed to evaluate the facial profiles and functional recovery of 18 patients with T3-4a N0 M0 maxillary sinus cancer, who were treated by total maxillectomy and simultaneous implantation of a computer-aided designed/manufactured hollow obturator prosthesis (CAD/CAM prosthesis). Follow-ups were performed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Facial measurements, speech intelligibility, and chewing and swallowing functions were examined. Thirteen patients converted to a permanent prosthesis 6 months after surgery. Comparisons were made between patients with and without the CAD/CAM or permanent prosthesis at various times using SPSS13.0 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

RESULTS

Speech intelligibility, facial depression, and eyeball prolapse results showed improvements with prosthesis use at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery (p < 0.05). Swallowing function improved from level V to level II-IV with prosthesis use at 1, 3, and 6 months, and reached level I or II with permanent prosthesis use at 12 months after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Simultaneous CAD/CAM prosthesis implantation recovered the facial profile, enhanced the speaking, swallowing, and chewing functions, and improved the quality of life of patients. Tumor recurrence can be detected by direct observation of the postoperative maxillary cavity. Therefore, this operation is recommended for simultaneous excision repair and functional reconstruction after total maxillectomy.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

This surgical treatment of maxillary sinus cancer is applied rarely in China, but it has a good effect based on our observation. Simultaneous CAD/CAM prosthesis implantation after total maxillectomy can recover the facial profile, enhance the speaking, swallowing, and chewing functions, and improve the quality of life of patients. Tumor recurrence can be detected by direct observation of the postoperative maxillary cavity. This technique avoids the need for dental implants because the bottom part of the prosthesis contains a palatal plate with dentures.

[Reconstruction of hypopharyngeal cavity with neck reverse rectangular thinned skin flap]

OBJECTIVE

To study the postoperative convalescence of swallow after reconstruction of hypopharyngeal defect with the neck reverse rectangular thinned skin flap.

METHOD

A thinned reverse skin flap was designed in the middle line of a platysma skin flap, and was used in hypopharyngeal reconstruction for 20 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx.

RESULT

No skin flap complications occurred in all patients. Fistulas in 5 cases healed spontaneously in 7 days to 10 days without further surgery. One case with lower anastomotic site stenosis was performed by subsequent successful surgery. The survival rate was 50% and 33.3% respectively after 3 years and 5 years follow up.

CONCLUSION

This flap was effectively applied for reconstruction of hypopharyngeal defect for hypopharyngeal cancer, which was easy to master by surgeons, and was a high successful procedure of choice.

[The study of facial neurapraxia]

OBJECTIVE

To study the clinical characteristics and mechanism of facial neurapraxia.

METHOD

Patients were tested with nerve excitability method and judged the degree of facial paralysis. Animal mode of neurapraxia was made and threshold of evoked electromyographic potential was tested. The fibers of facial nerve were observed under transmission electromicroscope.

RESULT

Average restoration time of evoked electromyographic potential was 52.5 min. The lamellar separation of myelin sheath of facial nerve was found under electromicroscope. Patients with facial neurapraxia was judged as denervation negative and residual function of facial muscles was above 65%.

CONCLUSION

Facial neurapraxia is mild reversible facial paralysis and relevant to the lamellar separation.