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Liang AP, Zhang PY, Zhu XQ, Wang YQ, Zhang E, Xiao NW. The Oriental spittlebug genus Paracercopis Schmidt (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Cercopidae) revisited, with description of one new species from Hubei, China. Zootaxa 2023; 5306:232-242. [PMID: 37518526 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The generic diagnostic characters of Paracercopis (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Cercopidae) are redefined and the autapomorphies are proposed to support the monophyly of the genus. Scanning electron micrographs of antennal sensilla and sensilla on rostral apex of P. seminigra (Melichar, 1902) are provided for the first time. A checklist together with new distribution records and key to the species of the genus are provided. Host plant associations of Paracercopis species are reported for the first time. Paracercopis unicolor Liang, Zhang & Xiao, sp. nov., representing the seventh and largest species of the genus is described from Hubei Province in south central China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity; College of Life Sciences; Tianjin Normal University; No. 393 Binshuixidao Road; Xiqing District; Tianjin 300387; P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 1 Beichen West Road; Chaoyang District; Beijing 100101; P. R. China.
| | - Pei-Yi Zhang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology; Environment and Protection; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Wan Shou Shan; Beijing 100091; P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhu
- Houhe National Nature Reserve; Wufeng; Hubei 443400; P. R. China.
| | - Ye-Qing Wang
- Houhe National Nature Reserve; Wufeng; Hubei 443400; P. R. China.
| | - E Zhang
- Houhe National Nature Reserve; Wufeng; Hubei 443400; P. R. China.
| | - Neng-Wen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences; Beijing 100012; P. R. China.
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Yu CX, Li XJ, Zong JS, You DJ, Liang AP, Zhou YL, Li XQ, Liu LL. Fabrication of Protonated Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Iodine Capture from Water. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13883-13892. [PMID: 35998569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Radioactive iodine (129I and 131I), produced or released from nuclear-related activities, posed severe effects on both human health and environment. The efficient removal of radioiodine from aqueous medium and vapor phase is of paramount importance for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Herein, a metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheet with a positive charge was constructed for the capture of iodine for the first time. The as-synthesized ultrathin nanosheets, with a thickness of 4.4 ± 0.1 nm, showed a record-high iodine adsorption capacity (3704.08 mg g-1) from aqueous solution, which is even higher than that from the vapor phase (3510.05 mg g-1). It can be ascribed to the fully interactions between the extensive accessible active sites on the largely exposed surface of 2D MOF nanosheets and the target pollutants, which also gave rise to fast adsorption kinetics with relative high removal efficiencies in the low concentrations, even in seawater. Moreover, a facile recyclability with fast desorption kinetics can also be achieved for the MOF nanosheets. The excellent iodine removal performance in aqueous solution demonstrated that the electrostatic attraction between MOF nanosheets with a positive charge and the negatively charged triiodide (I3-, the dominant form of iodine in aqueous solution) is the driving force in adsorption, which endows the adsorbents with the characteristics of fast adsorption and desorption kinetics. The adsorption mechanism was systematically verified by the studies of ζ potential, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Yu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Jing Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Shu Zong
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Jiang You
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Li Zhou
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Lei Liu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
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Yu CX, Jiang W, Wang KZ, Liang AP, Song JG, Zhou YL, Sun XQ, Liu LL. Luminescent Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets with Large π-Conjugated System: Design, Synthesis, and Detection of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Pesticides. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:982-991. [PMID: 34968039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets, with largely exposed surface area and highly accessible active sites, have emerged as a novel kind of sensing material. Here, a luminescent 2D MOF nanosheet was designed and synthesized by a facile top-down strategy based on a three-dimensional (3D) layered MOF {[Zn(H2L)(H2O)2]·H2O}n (Zn-MOF; H4L = 3,5-bis(3',5'-dicarboxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole). With a large π-conjugated system and rigid planar structure, ligand H4L was elaborately selected to construct the bulk Zn-MOF, which can be readily exfoliated into 2D nanosheets, owing to the weak interlayer interactions and easy-to-release H2O molecules in the interspaces of 2D layers. Given the great threat posed to the ecological environment by anti-inflammatory drugs and pesticides, the developed luminescent Zn-MOF nanosheets were utilized to determine these organic pollutants, achieving highly selective and sensitive detection of diclofenac sodium (DCF) and tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD). Compared to the detection limits of 3D Zn-MOF (7.72 ppm for DCF, 6.01 ppm for TMTD), the obviously lower detection limits for 2D Zn-MOF nanosheets toward DCF (0.20 ppm) and TMTD (0.18 ppm) further revealed that the largely exposed surface area with rigid planar structure and ultralarge π-conjugated system greatly accelerated electron transfer, which brought about a vast improvement in response sensitivity. The remarkable quenching performance for DCF and TMTD stems from a combined effect of photoinduced electron transfer and competitive energy absorption. The possible sensing mechanism was systematically investigated by the studies of powder X-ray diffraction, UV-vis, luminescence lifetime, and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Yu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Wen Jiang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Zhong Wang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Song
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Li Zhou
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qin Sun
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
| | - Lei-Lei Liu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P.R. China
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Liang AP. A new structure on the frons of male adults of the Asian rice spittlebug Callitettix versicolor (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopidae). Zootaxa 2020; 4801:zootaxa.4801.3.12. [PMID: 33056653 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4801.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new structure, here tentatively named the "frontal gland," specifically found on frons of male adults of the Asian rice spittlebug, Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopidae), is reported. Adult C. versicolor is distinctly dimorphic in frons morphology. The frons in female adults, like that in most cercopid species, is normally swollen and nearly bulbose and is covered with short pilosity, while the frons in male adults is visibly different, with the lower 3/5 of the postclypeus and anteclypeus being centrally flat, bare and smooth on the surface. SEM observations revealed that the flat frons surface of the male adults is covered with numerous, very fine pores. In total, each frons has over 4500 pores on the central flat area, with an average density of 55.5 ± 1.50 pores per 100 µm2. The distance among the pores averages 10.63 ± 1.8 µm. Each pore unit is composed of a round, deep cavity in which one central conical process is set. The cavity is delimited by a cuticular rim and the opening of the cavity averages 2.89 ± 0.20 µm in diameter. The central, conical process has a sponge-like apex and measures 2.52-2.70 µm in diameter. In addition, one or two (two in most cases) extremely fine pits (0.42-0.56 µm in diameter) are located on the marginal cuticle rim surrounding the cavity and its central conical process. These cuticular, fine pits are located proximal to the pores, at a distance of 0.98-1.96 µm. These porous structures are not present on the frons in female adults. They are assumed to be an exocrine gland system and are possibly the male sex pheromone-releasing glands, as they are only present in male adults. Observations of mating behavior showed that it is likely that the secretions made by the frontal gland constitute short-range attractants and may fulfil aphrodisiac functions to stimulate mating. The species of Auchenorrhyncha were previously thought to communicate via acoustic signals, but the findings described here suggest that at least one Auchenorrhynchan species also uses chemicals for sexual communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, P. R. China. College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, No. 393 Binshuixidao Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.
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Yu F, Liang AP. The complete mitochondrial genome of Unkanodes sapporonus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 4:4104-4106. [PMID: 33366339 PMCID: PMC7707802 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1692711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome of Unkanodes sapporonus (Matsumura) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). The mitogenome was 17,765 bp in length with A + T content of 75.87%, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a control region. All protein-coding genes started with ATN, except for nad5, which used noncanonical codon GTG. All tRNAs could fold into typical clover-leaf secondary structures, with the exception of trnS1 (AGN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Song ZS, Khatri I, Liang AP. Redescription and redefinition of the genus Chiltana Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae, Dictyopharini), with description of a new species from Pakistan. Zookeys 2019; 838:9-20. [PMID: 31048965 PMCID: PMC6477834 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.838.30910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Chiltana Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995 is redescribed and redefined based on the types and new material from Pakistan. Chiltana includes two species, C.acarinatasp. n. and C.baluchi Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995 (the type species), both from Chiltan, Balochistan, Pakistan. A key to the species of the genus is provided. Nomenclatorial remarks on original publication, author, and date of Chiltana are given.
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Song ZS, Malenovský I, Chen JQ, Deckert J, Liang AP. Taxonomic review of the planthopper genus Orthopagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of two new species. ZOOSYST EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.94.26895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genusOrthopagusUhler, 1897 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae, Dictyopharinae, Orthopagini) is revised. Six species are included:O.bartlettiSong, Malenovský & Deckert,sp. n.(described from India),O.exoletus(Melichar, 1903),comb. n.,stat. rev.(material studied from India and Sri Lanka),O.hainanensisSong, Chen & Liang,sp. n.(described from China: Hainan island),O.lunuliferUhler, 1897 (the type species of the genus; confirmed from Japan, China, Vietnam, Laos, India, and Nepal),O.philippinusMelichar, 1914 (Philippines), andO.splendens(Germar, 1830) (confirmed from China, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia).OrthopagusheliosMelichar, 1912 is newly synonymized withO.lunulifer. Lectotypes are designated forO.helios, O.heliosvar.diffusus Melichar, 1912,O.elegansMelichar, 1912, andO.philippinus.DictyopharaindianaWalker, 1851 is considered a nomen dubium. All species are redescribed, including habitus photographs and detailed illustrations of the male genitalia. Female genitalia are described for the genus for the first time. A key for identification of the species ofOrthopagusand a distribution map are given.
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Song ZS, Malenovský I, Chen JQ, Deckert J, Liang AP. Taxonomic review of the planthopper genus Orthopagus (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of two new species. ZOOSYST EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.94.26859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genusOrthopagusUhler, 1897 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae, Dictyopharinae, Orthopagini) is revised. Six species are included:O.bartlettiSong, Malenovský & Deckert,sp. n.(described from India),O.exoletus(Melichar, 1903),comb. n.,stat. rev.(material studied from India and Sri Lanka),O.hainanensisSong, Chen & Liang,sp. n.(described from China: Hainan island),O.lunuliferUhler, 1897 (the type species of the genus; confirmed from Japan, China, Vietnam, Laos, India, and Nepal),O.philippinusMelichar, 1914 (Philippines), andO.splendens(Germar, 1830) (confirmed from China, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia).OrthopagusheliosMelichar, 1912 is newly synonymized withO.lunulifer. Lectotypes are designated forO.helios, O.heliosvar.diffusus Melichar, 1912,O.elegansMelichar, 1912, andO.philippinus.DictyopharaindianaWalker, 1851 is considered a nomen dubium. All species are redescribed, including habitus photographs and detailed illustrations of the male genitalia. Female genitalia are described for the genus for the first time. A key for identification of the species ofOrthopagusand a distribution map are given.
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Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Ugyops sp. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) was sequenced, making it the first determined mitogenome from the subfamily Asiracinae, the basal clade of the family Delphacidae. The mitogenome was 15,259 bp in length with A + T content of 77.65% and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a control region. The gene order was identical with that of the ancestral insect. The nucleotide composition analysis indicated that the whole mitogenome was strongly A-skewed (0.288) and highly C-skewed (-0.270). For PCGs on the J-strand, the AT skew was positive, and the GC skew was negative. All PCGs started with canonical ATN codons, except for cox1 and nad5, which used CTG and GTG as start codon, respectively. All tRNAs could fold into typical cloverleaf secondary structures, with the exception of trnS1 (AGN), in which the dihydrouridine arm was reduced to a simple loop. The control region included a poly-T stretch downstream of the small rRNA gene (rrnS), a subregion of higher A + T content and tandemly repeated sequence near trnI. The mitogenome of Ugyops sp. could be very helpful in exploring the diversity and evolution of mitogenomes in Delphacidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li K, Liang AP. Hemiptera Mitochondrial Control Region: New Sights into the Structural Organization, Phylogenetic Utility, and Roles of Tandem Repetitions of the Noncoding Segment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1292. [PMID: 29701634 PMCID: PMC5983824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major noncoding fragment, the control region (CR) of mtDNA is responsible for the initiation of mitogenome transcription and replication. Several structural features of CR sequences have been reported in many insects. However, comprehensive analyses on the structural organization and phylogenetic utility, as well as the role of tandem replications (TRs) on length variation, high A+T content, and shift of base skew of CR sequences are poorly investigated in hemipteran insects. In this study, we conducted a series of comparative analyses, using 116 samples covering all 11 infraorders of the five currently recognized monophyletic groups in the Hemiptera. Several structural elements (mononucleotide stretches containing conserved sequence blocks (CSBs), TRs, and GA-rich region) were identified in the mitochondrial control region in hemipteran insects, without showing a consistent location. The presence and absence of certain specific structural elements in CR sequences show the various structural organizations of that segment among the five monophyletic groups, which indicates the diversification of the control region’s structural organization in Hemiptera. Among the many groups within Hemiptera, eight monophyletic groups and three consistent phylogenetic trees were recovered, using CSBs datasets by maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, which suggests the possible utility of CR sequences for phylogenetic reconstruction in certain groups of Hemiptera. Statistical analyses showed that TRs may contribute to the length variation, high AT content, and the shift of base skewing of CR sequences toward high AT content in the Hemiptera. Our findings enrich the knowledge of structural organization, phylogenetic utility, and roles of tandem replication of hemipteran CR, and provide a possible framework for mitochondrial control region analyses in hemimetabolous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Wang RR, Liu JJ, Li XY, Liang AP, Bourgoin T. Relating antennal sensilla diversity and possible species behaviour in the planthopper pest Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194995. [PMID: 29584780 PMCID: PMC5871016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antennal sensory units in nymphs and adults of the spotted Lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae), an economically important plant pest, are studied with scanning electron microscopy. Sensilla trichodea / chaetica type recognition is based on their external morphology and ratio of their size to diameter. The flagellum Bourgoin’s organ is a complex sensory unit with 2–3 internal sensilla coeloconica. During nymphal stages, the sensory surface available for a chemoreceptive function particularly increases with the number and size of sensilla placodea on the antennal pedicel. From first to fourth instar and to adult males and females, plate organ sensory surface is estimated to increase respectively by 33x, 68x and 125x (= 2.72 mm2 and 5.02 mm2 respectively for males and females). The most important increase (5x) occurs between second and third instar. In parallel, a distinctive pair of plate organs on the flagellum decreases in size from first to third instar, and disappears. Sexual dimorphism occurs in sensilla placodea in adults. Diversity, disparity and evolution of nymphal sensilla, and their sexual dimorphism in adults are discussed in the context of the species and planthopper behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jia Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Haidian District, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (APL); (TB)
| | - Thierry Bourgoin
- Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 MNHN-CNRS-SorbonneUniversité-EPHE, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP50, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (APL); (TB)
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Watson GS, Green DW, Cribb BW, Brown CL, Meritt CR, Tobin MJ, Vongsvivut J, Sun M, Liang AP, Watson JA. Insect Analogue to the Lotus Leaf: A Planthopper Wing Membrane Incorporating a Low-Adhesion, Nonwetting, Superhydrophobic, Bactericidal, and Biocompatible Surface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:24381-24392. [PMID: 28640578 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nature has produced many intriguing and spectacular surfaces at the micro- and nanoscales. These small surface decorations act for a singular or, in most cases, a range of functions. The minute landscape found on the lotus leaf is one such example, displaying antiwetting behavior and low adhesion with foreign particulate matter. Indeed the lotus leaf has often been considered the "benchmark" for such properties. One could expect that there are animal counterparts of this self-drying and self-cleaning surface system. In this study, we show that the planthopper insect wing (Desudaba danae) exhibits a remarkable architectural similarity to the lotus leaf surface. Not only does the wing demonstrate a topographical likeness, but some surface properties are also expressed, such as nonwetting behavior and low adhering forces with contaminants. In addition, the insect-wing cuticle exhibits an antibacterial property in which Gram-negative bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis) are killed over many consecutive waves of attacks over 7 days. In contrast, eukaryote cell associations, upon contact with the insect membrane, lead to a formation of integrated cell sheets (e.g., among human stem cells (SHED-MSC) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF)). The multifunctional features of the insect membrane provide a potential natural template for man-made applications in which specific control of liquid, solid, and biological contacts is desired and required. Moreover, the planthopper wing cuticle provides a "new" natural surface with which numerous interfacial properties can be explored for a range of comparative studies with both natural and man-made materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Watson
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry , 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - David W Green
- Department of Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital , 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bronwen W Cribb
- Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis and School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland , Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher L Brown
- Queensland Micro & Nanotechnology Center, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Christopher R Meritt
- Queensland Micro & Nanotechnology Center, Griffith University , Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Mark J Tobin
- Infrared Microspectroscopy beamline, Australian Synchrotron , 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Infrared Microspectroscopy beamline, Australian Synchrotron , 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Mingxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jolanta A Watson
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558, Australia
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Yang H, Lin CP, Liang AP. Phylogeography of the Rice Spittle Bug (Callitettix versicolor) Implies Two Long-Term Mountain Barriers in South China. Zoolog Sci 2017; 33:592-602. [PMID: 27927096 DOI: 10.2108/zs160042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
South China is a region of remarkable topographic complexity. However, the impact of climate fluctuations in the Pleistocene on the local fauna and especially insects has not been extensively studied. We integrated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite data of the rice spittle bug, Callitettix versicolor, to determine the genetic structure, potential biogeographic barriers, and historical demography of this species. The mtDNA data revealed two distinct lineages (Western and Eastern) congruent with the geographically separated western and eastern sub-regions of the Hengduan Mountains. The Eastern lineage was subdivided into two sub-lineages, E1 and E2, congruent with the geographically separated northern and southern sub-regions of the Dabie Mountains. E2 was further subdivided into two sub-groups, E2-1 and E2-2, with a hybrid zone (Guizhou and Hunan Provinces) in which their areas were contiguous. The genetic structures constructed using mtDNA were corroborated by four clusters (G1-G4) of microsatellite data. The populations of each cluster were nearly consistent with a sub-lineage of the mtDNA gene tree (G1-G4 corresponded to the Western, E1, E2-2 and E2-1 lineages, respectively). The divergence time estimated between the Western and Eastern lineages was 1.17 (0.50-2.37) to 0.89 (0.39-1.78) Mya, indicating that the lineages diversified on both geographic and temporal scales. The historical demography of the Eastern lineage showed continuous population growth after the Last Interglacial (LIG) and a stable population during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) period. However, the Western lineage remained largely unchanged during the LIG and LGM periods. This suggests that the historical demography of C. versicolor is probably related not only to the paleoclimate of South China, but also to the geological restriction and specific habitat preferences of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chung-Ping Lin
- 2 Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Jia LP, Liang AP. An apposition compound eye adapted for nocturnal vision in the moth midge Clogmia albipunctata (Williston) (Diptera: Psychodidae). J Insect Physiol 2017; 98:188-198. [PMID: 28109903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Morphology and anatomy, dark/light adaptational changes and optics of the compound eyes of the nocturnal moth midge Clogmia albipunctata (Williston) are studied. Its apposition type of eye consists of approximately 260 well-separated ommatidia. Each ommatidium features a biconvex corneal lens covered by corneal nipples measuring around 17nm in height; a crystalline cone of the acone type; and an open (laterally fused) rhabdom formed by eight retinular cells (R1-R8). The corneal lens, whose biological significance is addressed, is composed of a thick yellow-coloured inner lens unit (ILU) surrounded by a thin, colourless outer lens unit (OLU). We identified two types of ommatidia: dorsally located T-type ommatidia and ventrally located P-type ommatidia. In the T-type ommatidia, the rhabdomeres of the retinular cells R7 and R8 are centrally located and are arranged in tandem with R7 above R8. In comparison, in the P-type ommatidia, only the R8 rhabdomere is central, whereas the R7 rhabdomere locates in the peripheral ring. Above the distal tip of the rhabdom, the crystalline cone and the PPCs form an aperture that dynamically changes its size under dark/light conditions, thus modulating the amount of light that reaches the photoreceptive layer. The Clogmia albipunctata eye has a low F-number of 1.2, a high interommatidial angle of 11° and a large eye parameter of 4.6μm·rad. The eye is characterized by relatively poor spatial resolution, but exhibits high absolute sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Po Jia
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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15
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Song ZS, Webb MD, Liang AP. Phylogenetic analysis of the Oriental genera of Orthopagini Emeljanov, 1983 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae: Dictyopharinae), with a systematic revision of the genus CentromeriaStål, 1870. Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shun Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China
| | - Michael D. Webb
- Department of Entomology; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road South Kensington London UK
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 China
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16
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Song ZS, Malenovský I, Liang AP. Revision of the Afrotropical genus Fernandea Melichar, 1912 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), with description of a new species from Equatorial Guinea. Zootaxa 2016; 4139:106-16. [PMID: 27470788 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Afrotropical planthopper genus Fernandea Melichar, 1912 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae: Dictyopharinae: Orthopagini) is revised to include two species: F. conradti Melichar, 1912 (the type species), with material studied from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko island) and Togo, and F. latifemorata sp. nov., described as new from mainland Equatorial Guinea. A lectotype is designated and a redescription is provided for F. conradti together with habitus photographs and detailed illustrations of the male and female terminalia which are published for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shun Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; unknown
| | - Igor Malenovský
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic Department of Entomology, Moravian Museum, Hviezdoslavova 29a, CZ-627 00 Brno, Czech Republic; unknown
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
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17
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Huang D, Su T, He B, Gu P, Liang AP, Zhu C. Sequencing and characterization of the Megachile strupigera (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) mitochondrial genome. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2016; 1:282-284. [PMID: 33537412 PMCID: PMC7831656 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1166078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Megachile strupigera (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae: Megachilinae) was determined in our study. The sequenced region is 15,193 bp with an A + T content of 83.44%, including 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs and 19 transfer RNAs. All PCGs are initiated by typical ATN codons and stop with the complete termination codon TAA, except for nad3 gene, which has an incomplete stop codon T. Bayesian method supported the monophyly of both Megachilidae and Apoidea. And within the Apoidea, Apidae and Megachilidae formed a sister clade to Colletidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution (CAS), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianjuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution (CAS), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo He
- Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution (CAS), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaodong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution (CAS), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Song ZS, Szwedo J, Wang RR, Liang AP. Systematic revision of Aluntiini Emeljanov, 1979 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae: Dictyopharinae): reclassification, phylogenetic analysis, and biogeography. Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shun Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang Beijing 100101 China
| | - Jacek Szwedo
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology; University of Gdańsk; 59, Wita Stwosza Street PL80-308 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Rong-Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang Beijing 100101 China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang Beijing 100101 China
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19
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Jia LP, Liang AP. An interommatidial exocrine gland with a "nail-headed" structure in the water strider Aquarius remigis (Hemiptera, Gerridae). Arthropod Struct Dev 2015; 44:407-414. [PMID: 26319269 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The fine structure of the interommatidial exocrine glands, found in the compound eyes of the water strider Aquarius remigis, is described using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The glandular pores of the glands are specialized into minute "nail-headed" structures (NS), which are described for the first time in arthropod compound eyes. Each NS is composed of two components: a rod-like stalk and a cup-like depression. The TEM study shows that the glands are class 3 epidermal glands as defined by Noirot and Quennedey (1974, 1991). Each gland consists of 3 cells: a gland cell, an intermediary cell, and a duct (canal) cell. The gland cell contains abundant electron-lucent vesicles, while the intermediary cell contains a large number of osmiophilic secretory granules. These two cells might secrete different substances which mix together in the dilated sac-like portion of the conducting canal before final release. The possible functions of the secretions released from these glands are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Po Jia
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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20
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Wang J, Liang AP. Ultrastructure of the fossula spongiosa and pretarsus in Haematoloecha nigrorufa (Stål) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Ectrichodinae). Zootaxa 2015; 3963:230-9. [PMID: 26249399 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3963.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of the fossula spongiosa and pretarsus of adult Haematoloecha nigrorufa (Stål) (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Ectrichodinae) was examined for the first time using scanning electron microscope. The fossula spongiosa of H. nigrorufa is located on the ventral surface of the distal part of the tibia of both the fore- and midlegs. The area of the fossula spongiosa on the female foreleg is approximately 251338.88 μm(2), while the area of the fossula spongiosa on the male foreleg is markedly smaller, only about 196548.98 μm(2). For both genders the area of the fossula spongiosa on the foreleg is approximately 1.50 times as large as that on the midleg. Externally, the ventral surface of the fossula spongiosa is covered by a large number of tenent hairs that are evenly interspersed with a few mechanosensory setae. Each tenent hair consists of two parts: a hair shaft and an apical plate. A tenent hair is 22.58 ± 1.60 μm in length, 1.90 ± 0.09 μm in shaft diameter, and 10.90 ± 0.63 μm(2) in apical plate area. Morphologically, the tenent hairs are similar and constitute a nearly uniform hair array on the ventral side of the fossula spongiosa. The density of tenent hairs is about 4.46 ± 0.35 hairs per 100 μm(2) and the total number of tenent hairs is more than ten thousand on the fossula spongiosa of the female foreleg. These tenent hairs are presumed to function as adherence during locomotion or prey capture of the assassin bugs. In addition, scanning micrographs and descriptions for the pretarsus are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R. China; unknown
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R. China;
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21
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Chen X, Liang AP. Identification of a self-regulatory pheromone system that controls nymph aggregation behavior of rice spittlebug Callitettix versicolor. Front Zool 2015; 12:10. [PMID: 25987889 PMCID: PMC4435853 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-015-0102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nymphs of many spittlebug species are known to aggregate in one spittle mass, a behavior which greatly benefits the survival of the developing nymphs. Little is known, however, about the precise mechanisms that induce and regulate aggregation. Here, we investigated the aggregation behavior of nymphs of the rice spittlebug Callitettix versicolor, and analyzed the chemical composition of spittle masses. RESULTS We identified six n-alkane compounds, namely un-, do-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexadecane in the spittle mass. Importantly, we showed that solitary spittle mass (SSM) and aggregation spittle mass (ASM) differed significantly in the amounts and composition of these compounds. While un-, do-, tri-, tetra-and hexadecane were overrepresented in SSM, pentadecane was found at significantly higher levels in ASM. Electrophysiological experiments showed that antennae responses to these six compounds were significantly higher than to both the hexane and the docosane control, which suggests a specific role of the six volatile alkanes as pheromones. In agreement with this hypothesis, behavioral tests revealed that five of the six compounds (e.g. un-, do-, tri-, tetra-, and hexadecane) acted as attractants across a wide concentration range. Thus, these five compounds allow recruitment of additional nymphs to a growing spittle mass. The sixth compound, pentadecane, attracted nymphs at low doses, whereas at higher doses, this effect vanished, suggesting that this alkane functioned as a repellent, thus preventing recruitment of additional individuals to a full aggregation in a spittle mass. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study identified a simple, yet fully functional feedback mechanism which allows aggregation at low nymph numbers, while preventing over-crowding beyond a set number of nymphs within one spittle mass. In conclusion, our study provides new insights into C. versicolor development and behavior that should greatly facilitate the identification of new approaches for pheromonal control of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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22
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Zhao X, Liang AP. Complete DNA sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the treehopper Leptobelus gazella (Membracoidea: Hemiptera). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:3318-9. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1018202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China and
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China and
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23
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Liang AP, Gao J, Zhao X. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the treehopper Darthula hardwickii (Hemiptera: Aetalionidae). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:3291-2. [PMID: 25693704 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1015008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the treehopper Darthula hardwickii is presented. The circular genome is 15,359 bp long with 37 genes and 77.4% A + T content. Twenty-three genes are located on the J-strand, the remaining being oriented on the N-strand. Gene order is identical to that of the typical arrangement of other treehoppers. This genome is highly economized with 66 overlapped nucleotides between neighboring genes in 16 locations. All protein-coding genes initiate with ATN codons. All of the 22 tRNAs, ranging from 60 to 73 bp, have the clover-leaf structure, except the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm of tRNA(Ser (AGN)) and tRNA(Arg) forms a simple loop as seen in many other metazoans. The sizes of the large and small ribosomal RNA genes are 1198 and 737 bp, respectively. The control region is 1081 bp in length with 83.72% A + T content. The complete mitogenome sequence of D. hardwickii could provide fundamental data for the phylogenetic studies of the Aetalionidae and Membracoidea and the Hemiptera as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Liang
- a Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chaoyang District , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- a Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chaoyang District , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chaoyang District , Beijing , P.R. China
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24
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Li R, Jiang GF, Liang AP, Zhong XT, Liu Y. Characterization of the mitochondrial genome of the montane grasshopper, Qinlingacris elaeodes (Orthoptera: Catantopidae). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:1765-6. [PMID: 25259458 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.963802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Qinlingacris elaeodes is the dominant grasshopper at an altitude of 3000 meters and above, and is a representative species of the genus Qinlingacris endemic to China. The sequenced mitochondrial genome of this grasshopper is 14,818 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (ND1-6, COI-III, ATP6, ATP8, ND4L, CTYB), 21 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs (12S and 16S). The orientation and gene order of these genes are identical to those found in the putative ancestral insect mitogenome. The 13 PCGs start with a typical ATN codon as their start codons. The usual TAA and TAG termination codons are found for 12 PCGs. However, the ND5 gene has an incomplete termination codon (T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresource Technology , College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Guo-Fang Jiang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresource Technology , College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- b Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution (CAS) , Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tong Zhong
- c College of Educational Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- c College of Educational Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing , P.R. China
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25
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Jia LP, Liang AP. An apposition-like compound eye with a layered rhabdom in the small diving beetleAgabus japonicus(Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). J Morphol 2014; 275:1273-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Po Jia
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 People's Republic of China
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26
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Song ZS, Liang AP. Review of the genus Anasta Emeljanov (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae: Hastini) from the Australasian region. Zootaxa 2013; 3741:551-68. [PMID: 25113006 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The dictyopharid planthopper genus Anasta Emeljanov from the Australasian region is revised to include six species including a new one: A. australiaca (Lallemand, 1935) comb. nov. (North Australia), A. lobosa sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea), A. minuta (Lallemand, 1935) comb. nov. (Timor, Indonesia), A. prognatha (Distant, 1906) (North Australia, Papua New Guinea), A. timorina (Lallemand, 1935) (Timor, Indonesia), and A. vitiensis Emeljanov et Wilson, 2009 (Fiji). Descriptions or redescriptions of A. australiaca, A. lobosa sp. nov., and A. prognatha are provided together with dorsal habitus and structural illustrations of male genitalia. A key to the species of the genus and distribution map are provided. The biogeography of the genus is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shun Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; unknown
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China;
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27
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Song N, Liang AP. A preliminary molecular phylogeny of planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58400. [PMID: 23516472 PMCID: PMC3597614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The planthopper superfamily Fulgoroidea (Insecta: Hemiptera) is one of the most dominant groups of phytophagous insects. It comprises about 20 families, containing a total of 9000 species worldwide. Despite several recent studies, the phylogeny of Fulgoroidea is not yet satisfactorily resolved and the phylogenetic positions of several key families, especially Cixiidae, Delphacidae, Tettigometridae, Nogodinidae, Acanaloniidae and Issidae, are contentious. Here, we expand upon recent phylogenetic work using additional nuclear (18S and 28S) and novel mitochondrial (16S and cytb) markers. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses yielded robust phylogenetic trees. In these topologies, a group containing Cixiidae and Delphacidae is recovered as the sister group to the remaining taxa. Tettigometridae is placed in a more nested position and is grouped with Caliscelidae. Sister relationships are found between Flatidae and Ricaniidae, and between Dictyopharidae and Fulgoridae. Nogodinidae and Issidae are confirmed to be non-monophyletic families. For major nodes of interest, divergence date estimates are generally older than those from the fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Henan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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28
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Abstract
Classically, Hemiptera is comprised of two suborders: Homoptera and Heteroptera. Homoptera includes Cicadomorpha, Fulgoromorpha and Sternorrhyncha. However, according to previous molecular phylogenetic studies based on 18S rDNA, Fulgoromorpha has a closer relationship to Heteroptera than to other hemipterans, leaving Homoptera as paraphyletic. Therefore, the position of Fulgoromorpha is important for studying phylogenetic structure of Hemiptera. We inferred the evolutionary affiliations of twenty-five superfamilies of Hemiptera using mitochondrial protein-coding genes and rRNAs. We sequenced three mitogenomes, from Pyrops candelaria, Lycorma delicatula and Ricania marginalis, representing two additional families in Fulgoromorpha. Pyrops and Lycorma are representatives of an additional major family Fulgoridae in Fulgoromorpha, whereas Ricania is a second representative of the highly derived clade Ricaniidae. The organization and size of these mitogenomes are similar to those of the sequenced fulgoroid species. Our consensus phylogeny of Hemiptera largely supported the relationships (((Fulgoromorpha,Sternorrhyncha),Cicadomorpha),Heteroptera), and thus supported the classic phylogeny of Hemiptera. Selection of optimal evolutionary models (exclusion and inclusion of two rRNA genes or of third codon positions of protein-coding genes) demonstrated that rapidly evolving and saturated sites should be removed from the analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Henan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Cui-Ping Bu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-agricultural Biotechnology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaiyin, China
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Song ZS, Liang AP. Taxonomic revision of the Oriental genusMetaurusStål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), with description of a new species. J NAT HIST 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.708456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Wang RR, Wan XY, Liang AP, Bourgoin T. Ultrastructure of sensory equipments on the heads ofKallitaxila granulata(Stål) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae). Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1659-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Liang AP, Wang RR. A revision of the endemic Australian spittlebug genus AnyllisKirkaldy (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) with descriptions of two new species. J NAT HIST 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.651646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Wang RR, Liang AP. Taxonomic review of the genus Tambinia Stål (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Tropiduchidae) with descriptions of four new species from the Pacific region. Zookeys 2011:13-31. [PMID: 22140331 PMCID: PMC3208431 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.132.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new species of Tambinia Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae), Tambinia conussp. n. (Papua New Guinea), Tambinia maculasp. n. (Malaysia: Borneo), Tambinia robustocarinasp. n. (Malaysia: Sabah) and Tambinia sexmaculatasp. n. (Australia: Kuranda) are described and illustrated from the Pacific region. The diagnostic characters of this genus are redefined. A checklist and a key to the known species of Tambinia are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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Song ZS, Bourgoin T, Liang AP. Review of the oriental monotypic genus pibrocha kirkaldy (hemiptera, fulgoromorpha, fulgoridae, dorysarthrinae). Zookeys 2011:1-13. [PMID: 22140330 PMCID: PMC3208430 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.132.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The monotypic genus Pibrocha Kirkaldy, 1902, known only from Sri Lanka in the Oriental region, is closely related to Dorysarthrus Puton, 1895 from southwestern Asia and northern Africa (Palaearctic region). The genusis revised to include a first description of the male genital structures and a discussion of relationships between Pibrocha, Dorysarthrus and Dichoptera Spinola, 1839. A diagnostic key to the three genera and photos of their type species are provided for better comparison in these taxa. Pibrocha is assigned tentatively from Dictyopharidae to the subfamily Dorysarthrinae (Fulgoridae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shun Song
- Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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Bu CP, Liang AP. First record of the genus aprivesa melichar (hemiptera: fulgoromorpha) from South India, with description of one new species. Zookeys 2011:1-12. [PMID: 21594157 PMCID: PMC3088063 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.81.816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aprivesa unimaculatasp. n. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) is described and illustrated from Coorg, south India. This represents the first record of the genus Aprivesa Melichar from India and the fourth known species of Aprivesa. The new taxon greatly extends the range of the genus Aprivesa, which was previously known as an endemic Australian genus. A checklist of all known species of the Ricaniidae from India and keys to all the known genera of the Ricaniidae from India and all species in the genus are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ping Bu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R.China
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Bu CP, Fletcher MJ, Liang AP. A review of the planthopper genus Armacia Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) with descriptions of four new species from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. J Insect Sci 2011; 11:89. [PMID: 21870985 PMCID: PMC3281472 DOI: 10.1673/031.011.8901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The genus Armacia Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) is reviewed taxonomically. Four new species of the genus are described and illustrated from West-Pacific region: A. madangensis sp. nov. (Papua New Guinea), A. rubilimba sp. nov. (Indonesia), A. spinae sp. nov. (Indonesia) and A. vigorata sp. nov. (Indonesia), A. albipes (Walker 1868), A. clara (Stål 1859), A. divisura (Walker 1868), A. fusca Melichar 1898, A. hyalinata (Donovan 1805), A. latipennis (Walker 1868), A. nigrifrons (Walker 1858), A. simaethis Fennah 1956 , and A. spatiosa (Walker 1868) are redescribed and illustrated. A checklist of all known species and a diagnosis of the genus are provided. A key to all species in the genus is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ping Bu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, | Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R.China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | | | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, | Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R.China
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Song N, Liang AP. Complete mitochondrial genome of the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Delphacidae: Hemiptera), with a novel gene order. Zoolog Sci 2010; 26:851-60. [PMID: 19968473 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.26.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We determined the first complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence from a representative of the insect family Delphacidae, Laodelphax striatellus. The 16,513 bp long L. striatellus mitogenome encodes 13 putative proteins, two ribosomal RNAs, and 22 transfer RNAs, and contains a putative control region (or A+T-rich region). The nucleotide composition is biased toward adenine and thymine (77.2% A+T), and the amino acid composition is affected to a similar degree by the AT mutational bias. All 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with a typical ATN initiation codon. Eight of 13 PCGs in L. striatellus have a complete termination codon (TAA), whereas the remaining five have incomplete termination codons. The anticodons of the L. striatellus tRNAs are identical to those in Drosophila yakuba, and all tRNAs except for tRNA(Ser-AGN) can be folded in the form of a typical cloverleaf structure. The A+T-rich region of L. striatellus was found between srRNA and tRNA(lle), and the entire region was 2040 bp long. The gene content of the L. striatellus mitogenome is identical to other completely sequenced insect mitogenomes, while the gene order is different from the common arrangement found in most insects: five tRNA genes and three PCGs in the L. striatellus mitogenome have changed positions relative to the ancestral arrangement of mitochondrial genes in D. yakuba. Besides describing the above contents, we also aligned the mitogenome sequence of L. striatellus with other hemipterans to analyse the phylogenetic relationships of Hemiptera. The results show that Heteroptera is the sister group to all other Hemiptera, and Cicadomorpha is the sister group to the clade Fulgoromorpha+Sternorrhyncha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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37
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Song N, Liang AP, Ma C. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the planthopper, Sivaloka damnosus. J Insect Sci 2010; 10:76. [PMID: 20673194 PMCID: PMC3383430 DOI: 10.1673/031.010.7601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence was determined from the plant hopper, Sivaloka damnosus Chow and Lu (Hemiptera: Issidae), a representative of the insect family Issidae. The genome is a circular molecule of 15,287 bp with a total A+T content of 76.5%. The gene content, order, and structure are identical to that in Drosophila melanogaster, which is considered ancestral for insects. All 13 protein-coding genes of the S. damnosus mitogenome have a putative inframe ATR methionine or ATT isoleucine codons as start signals. The usual termination codons (TAA and TAG) were found in 11 protein-coding genes. However, atp6, and nad4 have incomplete termination codons. All tRNAs show stable canonical clover-leaf structures similar to other insect mitochondrial tRNAs, except for tRNA(Ser(AGN)), which has a reduced DHU arm. The A+T-rich region or putative control region includes two extensive repeat regions. The first repeat region is composed of two sets of complicated repeat units, and these repetitive sequences are arranged alternately; the second contains ten 20 bp tandemly repetitive sequences. In the phylogenetic analyses based on protein-coding genes, Cicadomorpha is a sister to Fulgoromorpha+Sternorrhyncha, and Heteroptera is a sister to all other Hemiptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, I Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, I Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Chuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, I Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
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38
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Tahseen Q, Liang AP, Singh Rana DJ, Khan R, Ahlawat S. Three New Species of Brevitobrilus (Nematoda) with a Discussion on Relationships within the Genus. J Nematol 2009; 41:93-103. [PMID: 22661781 PMCID: PMC3365314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new species of the genus BrevitobriusTsalolikhin, 1981 are described. Brevitobrilus glandulatus n. sp. is characterized by conspicuous sphincter between pars dilatata and uterus; two pairs of vaginal glands; spicules having elliptical capitula with small proximal stiffening piece; proximally-arcuate gubernaculum; S3 and S4 smaller than other supplements; S6 out of spicular range and 57-60 micropapillae. Brevitobrilus dimorphicus n. sp. is diagnosed by sexual dimorphism in labial sensilla and amphids; thick-walled rectum with a diverticulum protruding into intestinal lumen and males with boat-shaped spicules and S6 occasionally slightly smaller than other supplements. Brevitobrilus allahabadensis n. sp. possesses large amphids of 28-33% of corresponding labial diameter in both sexes; vagina and uterus with muscular, plicate walls; well developed sphincter between vas deferens and ejaculatory duct; capitulate spicules with sloping ventral and angular dorsal walls; S3, S4 and S6 smaller than other supplements, S6 close to cloaca and 28-37 micropapillae. The relationships of the species of genus Brevitobrilus have been assessed using morphological characters subjected to parsimony and a non cladistic key to identification of species is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qudsia Tahseen
- Nematode Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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39
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40
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41
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42
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Liang AP, Fletcher MJ. Morphology of the antennal sensilla in four Australian spittlebug species (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) with implications for phylogeny. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-6055.2002.00266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Liang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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44
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Liang AP, Capper SA, Baker EL. Using case research to enhance linkages between academia and public health practice. Am J Prev Med 1999; 16:12-3. [PMID: 10198672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A P Liang
- Office of Academic Programs, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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45
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Liang AP, Dysinger WS, Ring AR, Hersey JC, Parkinson M, Cates W. Practicing preventive medicine: a national survey of general preventive medicine residency graduates--United States, 1991. Am J Prev Med 1995; 11:139-44. [PMID: 7662391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a national survey of all physicians who graduated from preventive medicine residency (PMR) programs between 1979 and 1989. We mailed a self-administered questionnaire to all PMR graduates of the 43 U.S. programs in General Preventive Medicine and Public Health, requesting information on their current professional activities. Out of 1,070 PMR graduates, 797 (75%) responded to the survey. Overall, graduates were distinguished from other physicians by both work setting and work activities. PMR graduates worked predominantly in institutional settings: in federal or state health agencies, academia, or hospitals/clinics. In addition to maintaining their involvement in clinical medicine, PMR graduates were heavily involved in epidemiologic research and program management. This unique blend of organizational skills, expertise in population-based research, and clinical experience makes PMR graduates an increasingly important human resource as health care reform increases the population of patients being cared for in a managed care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Liang
- Division of Training, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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Liang AP, Renard PG, Robinson C, Richards TB. Survey of leadership skills needed for state and territorial health officers, United States, 1988. Public Health Rep 1993; 108:116-20. [PMID: 8434086 PMCID: PMC1403338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of efforts to develop training and career development experiences to enhance leadership skills among public health officials, the Public Health Foundation, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, National Association of County Health Officials, United States Conference of Local Health Officers, and Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, conducted a training needs assessment survey in 1988. Fifty-five State and territorial health officers were asked about potential knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) that a prospective or new health officer might require in performing his or her job. Thirty-eight health officers returned completed questionnaires, a 69 percent response rate. For each KSA, respondents assigned scores from 1 (low) to 5 (high) to three different variables: the KSA's importance to job, as an initial ability of a new health officer, and as a desired ability for someone in that job. Of 78 KSAs, those scoring in the top 25 percent for importance to job were identified, and individual composite scores were calculated using the formula: (importance to job) x (desired ability minus initial ability). The top 10 mean composite scores ranged from 7.55 to 10.40 and were in five competence areas: public image (working with the community) (3 KSAs); policy development and program planning (3 KSAs); interpersonal skills (2 KSAs); agency management (1 KSA); and legal issues (1 KSA). These skills are not commonly acquired in schools of medicine or public health. Public health agencies should develop programs to assure that persons with leadership potential are identified early and given guided experiences and mentors, as well as specific training and education. Additional studies of public health officers are needed to develop and strengthen leadership KSAs among new health officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Liang
- Division of Public Health Systems (DPHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333
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Chu SY, Bernier RH, Stewart JA, Herrmann KL, Greenspan JR, Henderson AK, Liang AP. Rubella antibody persistence after immunization. Sixteen-year follow-up in the Hawaiian Islands. JAMA 1988; 259:3133-6. [PMID: 3367488 DOI: 10.1001/jama.259.21.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A comparative field trial of three rubella virus vaccines (Cendehill, HPV-77 DE-5, and HPV-77 DK-12) was initiated in 1969 on the islands of Kauai and Hawaii in the state of Hawaii. In 1985, follow-up was reinitiated to assess the long-term durability of vaccine-induced immunity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of serum specimens from 1290 participants demonstrated seropositive rates of 92.4% and 96.4% at screening levels of 10 (protective level) and 7 (lowest detectable level) IU/mL, respectively. The seropositive rates were not related to reinfection or reimmunizations. These findings indicate that vaccine-induced rubella antibodies are detectable in almost all persons up to 16 years after successful vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chu
- Epidemiology Branch, Hawaii State Department of Health, Honolulu
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Liang AP, Levenson AG, Layde PM, Shelton JD, Hatcher RA, Potts M, Michelson MJ. Risk of breast, uterine corpus, and ovarian cancer in women receiving medroxyprogesterone injections. JAMA 1983; 249:2909-12. [PMID: 6842804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies have yielded conflicting results on the carcinogenicity of long-acting progestins. Since more than 1.5 million women worldwide are currently receiving injections of a contraceptive progestin, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, this is potentially an important public health problem. We obtained information on the occurrence of breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer among 5,000 black women attending a metropolitan hospital's family planning clinic who had received injections of medroxyprogesterone for contraception (between 1967 and 1976). The women were followed up for four to 13 years after their initial medroxyprogesterone injection. We compared the observed number of cancer cases in these women with the expected number based on annual age-, race-, and sex-specific rates derived from National Cancer Institute data. During more than 40,000 woman-years of observation, we found no evidence of an increased risk of developing cancer of the breast, uterine corpus, or ovary in these women. After adjusting for possible underascertainment of cancer because of incomplete follow-up, we found the relative risk for medroxyprogesterone users to be 0.7 for breast cancer (95% confidence limits, 0.3 to 1.4), 1.2 (95% confidence limits, 0.1 to 6.7) for cancer of the uterine corpus, and 0.8 (95% confidence limits, 0.1 to 4.6) for ovarian cancer.
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49
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Jones TS, Liang AP, Kilbourne EM, Griffin MR, Patriarca PA, Wassilak SG, Mullan RJ, Herrick RF, Donnell HD, Choi K, Thacker SB. Morbidity and Mortality Associated With the July 1980 Heat Wave in St Louis and Kansas City, Mo. JAMA 1982. [PMID: 7087075 DOI: 10.1001/jama.1982.03320490025030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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