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Shalev I, Eran A, Uzefovsky F. Fluctuations and individual differences in empathy interact with stress to predict mental health, parenting, and relationship outcomes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1237278. [PMID: 37928564 PMCID: PMC10621795 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1237278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Empathy is a complex, multifaceted ability allowing for the most basic forms of social communication and plays a prominent role in multiple aspects of everyday lives. In this intensive longitudinal study, we assessed how empathy interacts with stress to predict central domains of psychosocial functioning: mental health, romantic relationships, and parenting. Methods Fluctuations and individual differences in empathy were assessed across eight time points, where participants from the general population (N = 566) self-reported their empathy, stress, depressive symptoms, romantic satisfaction, and parental functioning. Results Both trait and state aspects of empathy were associated with all psychosocial outcomes, with state empathy showing a stronger effect. Additionally, empathy components interacted with stress-emotional empathy better-predicted outcomes under high stress, while cognitive empathy under low stress. Discussion Our findings advance the theoretical understanding of empathy, emphasizing the effects of state-dependent empathy fluctuations on our everyday mental and social lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Shalev
- Department of Psychology, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alal Eran
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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Patik I, Redhu NS, Eran A, Bao B, Nandy A, Tang Y, El Sayed S, Shen Z, Glickman J, Fox JG, Snapper SB, Horwitz BH. The IL-10 receptor inhibits cell extrinsic signals necessary for STAT1-dependent macrophage accumulation during colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:233-249. [PMID: 36868479 PMCID: PMC10431098 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The loss of IL-10R function leads to severe early onset colitis and, in murine models, is associated with the accumulation of immature inflammatory colonic macrophages. We have shown that IL-10R-deficient colonic macrophages exhibit increased STAT1-dependent gene expression, suggesting that IL-10R-mediated inhibition of STAT1 signaling in newly recruited colonic macrophages might interfere with the development of an inflammatory phenotype. Indeed, STAT1-/- mice exhibit defects in colonic macrophage accumulation after Helicobacter hepaticus infection and IL-10R blockade, and this was phenocopied in mice lacking IFNγR, an inducer of STAT1 activation. Radiation chimeras demonstrated that reduced accumulation of STAT1-deficient macrophages was based on a cell-intrinsic defect. Unexpectedly, mixed radiation chimeras generated with both wild-type and IL-10R-deficient bone marrow indicated that rather than directly interfering with STAT1 function, IL-10R inhibits the generation of cell extrinsic signals that promote the accumulation of immature macrophages. These results define the essential mechanisms controlling the inflammatory macrophage accumulation in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabel Patik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naresh S Redhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Morphic Therapeutic, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alal Eran
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bin Bao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anubhab Nandy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shorouk El Sayed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Ash Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Glickman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce H Horwitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Shalev I, Eran A, Uzefovsky F. Empathic disequilibrium as a new framework for understanding individual differences in psychopathology. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1153447. [PMID: 37275732 PMCID: PMC10236526 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1153447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Empathy is part of basic social cognition and is central to everyday interactions. Indeed, emotional and cognitive empathy deficits are related to various psychopathologies, yet the links reported have been inconsistent. Thus, the mechanism underlying these inconsistent links is poorly understood. At least a partial answer may lie in that the dependency between cognitive and emotional empathy has been overlooked. Here, we examined the (dis)equilibrium between emotional and cognitive empathy and how it relates to individual differences in clinical traits. We further examined a possible mediator of these links-emotional reactivity. Methods Participants (N = 425) from the general population reported on their empathy, emotional reactivity, autistic traits, psychopathic tendencies, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results Beyond empathy, both extremes of empathic disequilibrium were associated with various features of clinical conditions; Higher emotional relative to cognitive empathy was related to the social domain of autism and anxiety, while higher cognitive relative to emotional empathy was related to the non-social domain of autism, depression symptoms, and psychopathic tendencies. The associations with autistic traits, anxiety, and psychopathic tendencies were mediated by emotional reactivity. Discussion Our findings suggest a new framework for understanding how individual variability in empathy is expressed in various psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Shalev
- Psychology Department, Ben Gurion University, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - Alal Eran
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Muller E, Shalev I, Bachmat E, Eran A. Data-driven dissection of the fever effect in autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2023. [PMID: 37119025 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Some individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate marked behavioral improvements during febrile episodes, in what is perhaps the only present-day means of modulating the core ASD phenotype. Understanding the nature of this so-called fever effect is therefore essential for leveraging this natural temporary relief of symptoms to a sustained efficacious intervention. Toward this goal, we used machine learning to analyze the rich clinical data of the Simons Simplex Collection, in which one out of every six children with ASD was reported to improve during febrile episodes, across multiple ASD domains. Reported behavioral improvements during febrile episodes were associated with maternal infection in pregnancy (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = [1.42, 2.03], P = 4.24 × 10-4 ) and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = [1.15, 1.81], P = 1.94 × 10-3 ). Family members of children reported to improve when febrile have an increased prevalence of autoimmune disorders (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = [1.23, 1.67], P = 3.0 × 10-6 ), language disorders (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = [1.29, 2.04], P = 2.5 × 10-5 ), and neuropsychiatric disorders (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = [1.34, 1.89], P < 1 × 10-6 ). Since both GI abnormalities and maternal immune activation have been linked to ASD via proinflammatory cytokines, these results might suggest a possible involvement of immune dysregulation in the fever effect, consistent with findings in mouse models. This work advances our understanding of the fever-responsive ASD subtype and motivates the future studies to directly test the link between proinflammatory cytokines and behavioral modifications in individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Muller
- Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ido Shalev
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Eitan Bachmat
- Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alal Eran
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Cohen T, Medini H, Mordechai C, Eran A, Mishmar D. Human mitochondrial RNA modifications associate with tissue-specific changes in gene expression, and are affected by sunlight and UV exposure. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:1363-1372. [PMID: 35246665 PMCID: PMC9712611 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-DNA differences (RDD) have previously been identified in the human mitochondrial RNA (mt-RNA) transcripts, yet their functional impact is poorly understood. By analyzing 4928 RNA-seq samples from 23 body sites, we found that mtDNA gene expression negatively correlated with the levels of both m1A 947 16 S rRNA modification (mtDNA position 2617) and the m1A 1812 ND5 mRNA modification (mtDNA position 13,710) in 15 and 14 body sites, respectively. Such correlation was not evident in all tested brain tissues, thus suggesting a tissue-specific impact of these modifications on mtDNA gene expression. To assess the response of the tested modifications to environmental cues, we analyzed pairs of skin samples that were either exposed to the sun or not. We found that the correlations of mtDNA gene expression with both mt-RNA modifications were compromised upon sun exposure. As a first step to explore the underlying mechanism, we analyzed RNA-seq data from keratinocytes that were exposed to increasing doses of UV irradiation. Similar to sun exposure, we found a significant decrease in mtDNA gene expression upon increase in UV dosage. In contrast, there was a significant increase in the m1A 947 16 S rRNA modification levels upon elevation in UV dose. Finally, we identified candidate modulators of such responses. Taken together, our results indicate that mt-RNA modifications functionally correlate with mtDNA gene expression, and responds to environmental cues, hence supporting their physiological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Cohen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Hadar Medini
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Chen Mordechai
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Alal Eran
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Dan Mishmar
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
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Katz A, Tepper Y, Birk O, Eran A. Web and social media searches highlight menstrual irregularities as a global concern in COVID-19 vaccinations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17657. [PMID: 36271079 PMCID: PMC9587257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Delineation of public concerns that prevent vaccine compliance is a major step in generating assurances and enhancing the success of COVID-19 prevention programs. We therefore sought to identify public concerns associated with COVID-19 vaccines, as reflected by web and social media searches, with a focus on menstrual irregularities. We used trajectory analyses of web and social media search data in combination with global COVID-19 data to reveal time-dependent correlations between vaccination rates and the relative volume of vaccine and period related searches. A surge of period and vaccine related Google searches followed the introduction of Covid vaccines around the world, and the commencement of vaccination programs in English speaking countries and across the United States. The relative volume of searches such as "Covid vaccine menstrual irregularities", "Covid vaccine menstrual period", "Pfizer vaccine menstruation", and "Moderna vaccine menstruation" was each significantly correlated with vaccination rates (Spearman r = 0.42-0.88, P = 4.33 × 10-34-1.55 × 10-5), and significantly different before and after the introduction of Covid vaccines (Mann-Whitney P = 2.00 × 10-21-7.10 × 10-20). TikTok users were more engaged in period problems in 2021 than ever before. International, national, and state-level correlations between COVID-19 vaccinations and online activity demonstrate a global major concern of vaccine-related menstrual irregularities. Whether it is a potential side effect or an unfounded worry, monitoring of web and social media activity could reveal the public perception of COVID-19 prevention efforts, which could then be directly addressed and translated into insightful public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Katz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | | | - Ohad Birk
- Genetics Institute at Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alal Eran
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Shalev I, Warrier V, Greenberg DM, Smith P, Allison C, Baron‐Cohen S, Eran A, Uzefovsky F. Reexamining empathy in autism: Empathic disequilibrium as a novel predictor of autism diagnosis and autistic traits. Autism Res 2022; 15:1917-1928. [PMID: 36053924 PMCID: PMC9804307 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A large body of research showed that autistic people have intact emotional (affective) empathy alongside reduced cognitive empathy. However, there are mixed findings and these call for a more subtle understanding of empathy in autism. Empathic disequilibrium refers to the imbalance between emotional and cognitive empathy and is associated with a higher number of autistic traits in the typical population. Here we examined whether empathic disequilibrium predicts both the number of autistic traits and autism diagnosis. In a large sample of autistic (N = 1905) and typical individuals (N = 3009), we examined empathic disequilibrium and empathy as predictors of autistic traits and autism diagnosis, using a polynomial regression with response surface analysis. Empathy and autistic traits were measured using validated self-report questionnaires. Both empathic disequilibrium and empathy predicted linearly and non-linearly autism diagnosis and autistic traits. Specifically, a tendency towards higher emotional than cognitive empathy (empathic disequilibrium towards emotional empathy) predicted both autism diagnosis and the social domain of autistic traits, while higher cognitive than emotional empathy was associated with the non-social domain of autism. Empathic disequilibrium was also more prominent in autistic females. This study provides evidence that beyond empathy as was measured thus far, empathic disequilibrium offers a novel analytical approach for examining the role of empathy. Empathic disequilibrium allows for a more nuanced understanding of the links between empathy and autism. LAY SUMMARY: Many autistic individuals report feelings of excessive empathy, yet their experience is not reflected by most of the current literature, typically suggesting that autism is characterized by intact emotional and reduced cognitive empathy. To fill this gap, we looked at both ends of the imbalance between these components, termed empathic disequilibrium. We show that, like empathy, empathic disequilibrium is related to autism diagnosis and traits, and thus may provide a more nuanced understanding of empathy and its link with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Shalev
- Psychology DepartmentBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShebaIsrael,Zlotowski Center for NeuroscienceBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShebaIsrael
| | - Varun Warrier
- Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - David M. Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK,Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences and Department of MusicBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Paula Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Carrie Allison
- Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Simon Baron‐Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Autism Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alal Eran
- Zlotowski Center for NeuroscienceBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShebaIsrael,Life Sciences DepartmentBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShebaIsrael,Computational Health Informatics ProgramBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Florina Uzefovsky
- Psychology DepartmentBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShebaIsrael,Zlotowski Center for NeuroscienceBen Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShebaIsrael
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8
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Collen LV, Kim DY, Field M, Okoroafor I, Saccocia G, Whitcomb SD, Green J, Dong MD, Barends J, Carey B, Weatherly ME, Rockowitz S, Sliz P, Liu E, Eran A, Grushkin-Lerner L, Bousvaros A, Muise AM, Klein C, Mitsialis V, Ouahed J, Snapper SB. Clinical Phenotypes and Outcomes in Monogenic Versus Non-monogenic Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1380-1396. [PMID: 35366317 PMCID: PMC9455789 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Over 80 monogenic causes of very early onset inflammatory bowel disease [VEOIBD] have been identified. Prior reports of the natural history of VEOIBD have not considered monogenic disease status. The objective of this study is to describe clinical phenotypes and outcomes in a large single-centre cohort of patients with VEOIBD and universal access to whole exome sequencing [WES]. METHODS Patients receiving IBD care at a single centre were prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal data repository starting in 2012. WES was offered with enrollment. Enrolled patients were filtered by age of diagnosis <6 years to comprise a VEOIBD cohort. Monogenic disease was identified by filtering proband variants for rare, loss-of-function, or missense variants in known VEOIBD genes inherited according to standard Mendelian inheritance patterns. RESULTS This analysis included 216 VEOIBD patients, followed for a median of 5.8 years. Seventeen patients [7.9%] had monogenic disease. Patients with monogenic IBD were younger at diagnosis and were more likely to have Crohn's disease phenotype with higher rates of stricturing and penetrating disease and extraintestinal manifestations. Patients with monogenic disease were also more likely to experience outcomes of intensive care unit [ICU] hospitalisation, gastrostomy tube, total parenteral nutrition use, stunting at 3-year follow-up, haematopoietic stem cell transplant, and death. A total of 41 patients [19.0%] had infantile-onset disease. After controlling for monogenic disease, patients with infantile-onset IBD did not have increased risk for most severity outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Monogenic disease is an important driver of disease severity in VEOIBD. WES is a valuable tool in prognostication and management of VEOIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Collen
- Corresponding authors: Lauren V. Collen, 300 Longwood Avenue, Enders 670, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Tel.: 617-919-4973; fax: 617-730-0498;
| | - David Y Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Field
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ibeawuchi Okoroafor
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gwen Saccocia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sydney Driscoll Whitcomb
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Green
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Dao Dong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jared Barends
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bridget Carey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madison E Weatherly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Shira Rockowitz
- Manton centre for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piotr Sliz
- Manton centre for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Enju Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Institutional centres for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alal Eran
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Life Sciences and Zlotowski centre for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Leslie Grushkin-Lerner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Athos Bousvaros
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease centre, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU Klinikum, and Gene centre, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, München,Germany
| | - Vanessa Mitsialis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Scott B Snapper
- Scott B. Snapper, 300 Longwood Avenue, Enders 670, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Tel: 617-919-4973; fax: 617-730-0498;
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9
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Shalev I, Somekh J, Eran A. Multimodal bioinformatic analyses of the neurodegenerative disease-associated TECPR2 gene reveal its diverse roles. J Med Genet 2021; 59:1002-1009. [PMID: 34933910 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of tectonin β-propeller repeat-containing 2 (TECPR2) function has been implicated in an array of neurodegenerative disorders, yet its physiological function remains largely unknown. Understanding TECPR2 function is essential for developing much needed precision therapeutics for TECPR2-related diseases. METHODS We leveraged considerable amounts of functional data to obtain a comprehensive perspective of the role of TECPR2 in health and disease. We integrated expression patterns, population variation, phylogenetic profiling, protein-protein interactions and regulatory network data for a minimally biased multimodal functional analysis. Genes and proteins linked to TECPR2 via multiple lines of evidence were subject to functional enrichment analyses to identify molecular mechanisms involving TECPR2. RESULTS TECPR2 was found to be part of a tight neurodevelopmental gene expression programme that includes KIF1A, ATXN1, TOM1L2 and FA2H, all implicated in neurological diseases. Functional enrichment analyses of TECPR2-related genes converged on a role in late autophagy and ribosomal processes. Large-scale population variation data demonstrated that this role is non-redundant. CONCLUSIONS TECPR2 might serve as an indicator for the energy balance between protein synthesis and autophagy, and a marker for diseases associated with their imbalance, such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Specifically, we speculate that TECPR2 plays an important role as a proteostasis regulator during synaptogenesis, highlighting its importance in developing neurons. By advancing our understanding of TECPR2 function, this work provides an essential stepping stone towards the development of precision diagnostics and targeted treatment options for TECPR2-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Shalev
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Zlotowsky Center for Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Judith Somekh
- Department of Information Systems, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alal Eran
- Zlotowsky Center for Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel .,Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Sadaka Y, Freedman J, Ashkenazi S, Vinker S, Golan-Cohen A, Green I, Israel A, Eran A, Merzon E. The Effect of Antibiotic Treatment of Early Childhood Shigellosis on Long-Term Prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Children (Basel) 2021; 8:children8100880. [PMID: 34682145 PMCID: PMC8535120 DOI: 10.3390/children8100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that children with early shigellosis are at increased risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between antibiotic treatment of shigellosis with long-term ADHD rates. A retrospective cohort study was conducted that included all the Leumit Health Services (LHS) enrollees aged 5-18 years between 2000-2018 with a documented Shigella-positive gastroenteritis before the age of 3 years. Of the 5176 children who were positive for Shigella gastroenteritis before the age of 3 years, 972 (18.8%) were treated with antibiotics early (<5 days), 250 (4.8%) were treated late (≥5 days), and 3954 children (76.4%) were not prescribed antibiotics. Late antibiotic treatment was associated with significantly increased rates of ADHD (adjusted OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3). Early treatment with antibiotics was not associated with increased ADHD rates (adjusted OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.8-1.3). In conclusion, late antibiotic treatment of early childhood shigellosis was associated with increased rates of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Sadaka
- The Joyce and Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8443944, Israel; (Y.S.); (J.F.)
- Neuro-Developmental Research Center, Mental Health Institute, Beer Sheva 8461144, Israel
| | - Judah Freedman
- The Joyce and Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8443944, Israel; (Y.S.); (J.F.)
- Neuro-Developmental Research Center, Mental Health Institute, Beer Sheva 8461144, Israel
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- The Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Shlomo Vinker
- Leumit Health Services, Tel-Aviv 6473817, Israel; (S.V.); (A.G.-C.); (A.I.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Avivit Golan-Cohen
- Leumit Health Services, Tel-Aviv 6473817, Israel; (S.V.); (A.G.-C.); (A.I.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Ilan Green
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Ariel Israel
- Leumit Health Services, Tel-Aviv 6473817, Israel; (S.V.); (A.G.-C.); (A.I.)
| | - Alal Eran
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva 8443944, Israel;
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eugene Merzon
- Leumit Health Services, Tel-Aviv 6473817, Israel; (S.V.); (A.G.-C.); (A.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-50-7643281
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11
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Yahav-Dovrat A, Merhav G, Eran A, Sivan-Hoffmann R, Saban M, Abergel E, Tanne D, Nogueira RG. Reply. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:E47. [PMID: 34016585 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Yahav-Dovrat
- Department of RadiologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifa, Israel
| | - G Merhav
- Department of RadiologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifa, Israel
| | - A Eran
- Department of RadiologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifa, Israel
| | - R Sivan-Hoffmann
- Department of RadiologyUnit of Interventional NeuroradiologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifa, Israel
| | - M Saban
- Faculty of Social Health and WelfareHaifa UniversityHaifa, Israel
| | - E Abergel
- Unit of Interventional NeuroradiologyRambam Health Care CampusHaifa, Israel
| | - D Tanne
- Stroke and Cognition InstituteRambam Health Care CampusHaifa, Israel
| | - R G Nogueira
- Neuroendovascular Service, Marcus Stroke & Neuroscience CenterGrady Memorial HospitalAtlanta, GeorgiaNeurology, Neurosurgery, and RadiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlanta, Georgia
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12
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Freilikhman S, Halasi M, Eran A, Adini I. Melanocytes determine angiogenesis gene expression across human tissues. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251121. [PMID: 33983985 PMCID: PMC8118295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several angiogenesis-dependent diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and infantile hemangioma, display differential prevalence among Black, as compared to White individuals. Although socioeconomic status and genetic architecture have been suggested as explaining these differences, we have recently shown that pigment production per se might be involved. For example, we have shown that the extracellular protein fibromodulin is a pro-angiogenic factor highly secreted by melanocytes in White but not Black individuals. Still, additional pigment-dependent angiogenic factors and their molecular mechanisms remain to be identified. Understanding the contribution of pigmentation to angiogenesis in health and disease is essential for precision medicine of angiogenesis-dependent diseases with racial disparity. Toward that goal, we compared the transcriptomes of Black and White individuals in three tissues with angiogenic activity, namely artery, whole blood, and skin. We identified several differentially expressed angiogenesis pathways, including artery morphogenesis, regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis, and cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus. We then demonstrated that the expression of key genes in these pathways is directly modulated by the degree of pigmentation. We further identified the precise pigment production pathway controlling the expression of these genes, namely melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) signaling. These results demonstrate pigment-mediated regulation of angiogenesis-related pathways and their driver genes across human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianna Halasi
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, The Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alal Eran
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheva, Israel
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AE); (IA)
| | - Irit Adini
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, The Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AE); (IA)
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13
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Yahav-Dovrat A, Saban M, Merhav G, Lankri I, Abergel E, Eran A, Tanne D, Nogueira RG, Sivan-Hoffmann R. Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence-Powered Identification of Large-Vessel Occlusions in a Comprehensive Stroke Center. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 42:247-254. [PMID: 33384294 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Artificial intelligence algorithms have the potential to become an important diagnostic tool to optimize stroke workflow. Viz LVO is a medical product leveraging a convolutional neural network designed to detect large-vessel occlusions on CTA scans and notify the treatment team within minutes via a dedicated mobile application. We aimed to evaluate the detection accuracy of the Viz LVO in real clinical practice at a comprehensive stroke center. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viz LVO was installed for this study in a comprehensive stroke center. All consecutive head and neck CTAs performed from January 2018 to March 2019 were scanned by the algorithm for detection of large-vessel occlusions. The system results were compared with the formal reports of senior neuroradiologists used as ground truth for the presence of a large-vessel occlusion. RESULTS A total of 1167 CTAs were included in the study. Of these, 404 were stroke protocols. Seventy-five (6.4%) patients had a large-vessel occlusion as ground truth; 61 were detected by the system. Sensitivity was 0.81, negative predictive value was 0.99, and accuracy was 0.94. In the stroke protocol subgroup, 72 (17.8%) of 404 patients had a large-vessel occlusion, with 59 identified by the system, showing a sensitivity of 0.82, negative predictive value of 0.96, and accuracy of 0.89. CONCLUSIONS Our experience evaluating Viz LVO shows that the system has the potential for early identification of patients with stroke with large-vessel occlusions, hopefully improving future management and stroke care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yahav-Dovrat
- From the Department of Radiology (A.Y.-D., G.M., A.E., R.S.-H.)
| | - M Saban
- Faculty of Social health and Welfare (M.S.), Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - G Merhav
- From the Department of Radiology (A.Y.-D., G.M., A.E., R.S.-H.)
| | - I Lankri
- Faculty of Medicine (I.L.), Technion Israel institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - E Abergel
- Unit of Interventional Neuroradiology (E.A., R.S.-H.)
| | - A Eran
- From the Department of Radiology (A.Y.-D., G.M., A.E., R.S.-H.)
| | - D Tanne
- Stroke and Cognition Institute (D.T.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - R G Nogueira
- Neuroendovascular Service (R.G.N.), Marcus Stroke and Neuroscience Center Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia.,Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology (R.G.N.), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - R Sivan-Hoffmann
- From the Department of Radiology (A.Y.-D., G.M., A.E., R.S.-H.) .,Unit of Interventional Neuroradiology (E.A., R.S.-H.)
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14
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Tal Y, Adini A, Eran A, Adini I. Racial disparity in Covid-19 mortality rates - A plausible explanation. Clin Immunol 2020; 217:108481. [PMID: 32473354 PMCID: PMC7253967 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Tal
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit and Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Medical Center, Outpatient building 7(th) floor, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Avner Adini
- Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Karp Research Building, 11th Floor 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Alal Eran
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel; Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Instructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Irit Adini
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, The Center for Engineering in Medicine, Mass General Hospital, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Room 246, 51 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Efficient large-scale annotation of genomic intervals is essential for personal genome interpretation in the realm of precision medicine. There are 13 possible relations between two intervals according to Allen’s interval algebra. Conventional interval trees are routinely used to identify the genomic intervals satisfying a coarse relation with a query interval, but cannot support efficient query for more refined relations such as all Allen’s relations. We design and implement a novel approach to address this unmet need. Through rewriting Allen’s interval relations, we transform an interval query to a range query, then adapt and utilize the range trees for querying. We implement two types of range trees: a basic 2-dimensional range tree (2D-RT) and an augmented range tree with fractional cascading (RTFC) and compare them with the conventional interval tree (IT). Theoretical analysis shows that RTFC can achieve the best time complexity for interval queries regarding all Allen’s relations among the three trees. We also perform comparative experiments on the efficiency of RTFC, 2D-RT and IT in querying noncoding element annotations in a large collection of personal genomes. Our experimental results show that 2D-RT is more efficient than IT for interval queries regarding most of Allen’s relations, RTFC is even more efficient than 2D-RT. The results demonstrate that RTFC is an efficient data structure for querying large-scale datasets regarding Allen’s relations between genomic intervals, such as those required by interpreting genome-wide variation in large populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Mao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alal Eran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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16
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Palmer N, Beam A, Agniel D, Eran A, Manrai A, Spettell C, Steinberg G, Mandl K, Fox K, Nelson SF, Kohane I. Association of Sex With Recurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Siblings. JAMA Pediatr 2017; 171:1107-1112. [PMID: 28973142 PMCID: PMC5710368 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known to be more prevalent among males than females in the general population. Although overall risk of recurrence of ASD among siblings has been estimated to be between 6.1% and 24.7%, information on sex-specific recurrence patterns is lacking. OBJECTIVE To estimate high-confidence sex-specific recurrence rates of ASD among siblings. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This observational study used an administrative database to measure the incidence of ASD among children in 1 583 271 families (37 507 with at least 1 diagnosis of ASD) enrolled in commercial health care insurance plans at a large US managed health care company from January 1, 2008, through February 29, 2016. Families in the study had 2 children who were observed for at least 12 months between 4 and 18 years of age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary measure of ASD recurrence was defined as the diagnosis of ASD in a younger sibling of an older sibling with an ASD diagnosis. RESULTS Among the 3 166 542 children (1 547 266 females and 1 619 174 males; mean [SD] age, 11.2 [4.7] years) in the study, the prevalence of ASD was 1.96% (95% CI, 1.94%-1.98%) among males and 0.50% (95% CI, 0.49%-0.51%) among females. When a male was associated with risk in the family, ASD was diagnosed in 4.2% (95% CI, 3.8%-4.7%) of female siblings and 12.9% (95% CI, 12.2%-13.6%) of male siblings. When a female was associated with risk in the family, ASD was diagnosed in 7.6% (95% CI, 6.5%-8.9%) of female siblings and 16.7% (95% CI, 15.2%-18.4%) of male siblings. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings are in agreement with the higher rates of ASD observed among males than among females in the general population. Our study provides more specific guidance for the screening and counseling of families and may help inform future investigations into the environmental and genetic factors that confer risk of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Beam
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Denis Agniel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alal Eran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arjun Manrai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Kenneth Mandl
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Stanley F. Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles),Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)
| | - Isaac Kohane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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Murphy SN, Avillach P, Bellazzi R, Phillips L, Gabetta M, Eran A, McDuffie MT, Kohane IS. Combining clinical and genomics queries using i2b2 - Three methods. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172187. [PMID: 28388645 PMCID: PMC5384666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We are fortunate to be living in an era of twin biomedical data surges: a burgeoning representation of human phenotypes in the medical records of our healthcare systems, and high-throughput sequencing making rapid technological advances. The difficulty representing genomic data and its annotations has almost by itself led to the recognition of a biomedical "Big Data" challenge, and the complexity of healthcare data only compounds the problem to the point that coherent representation of both systems on the same platform seems insuperably difficult. We investigated the capability for complex, integrative genomic and clinical queries to be supported in the Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) translational software package. Three different data integration approaches were developed: The first is based on Sequence Ontology, the second is based on the tranSMART engine, and the third on CouchDB. These novel methods for representing and querying complex genomic and clinical data on the i2b2 platform are available today for advancing precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn N. Murphy
- Research IS and Computing, Partners HealthCare, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Computer Science, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paul Avillach
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Riccardo Bellazzi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione S. Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
- Centre for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lori Phillips
- Research IS and Computing, Partners HealthCare, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matteo Gabetta
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Biomeris s.r.l, Via Ferrata, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alal Eran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael T. McDuffie
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Isaac S. Kohane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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18
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Vieira N, Assoni A, Elvers I, Alexander M, Eran A, Marshall J, Verjovski-Almeida S, Lindblad-Toh K, Kunkel L, Zatz M. Jagged1 as a modifier of the DMD phenotype: What is next? Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Somekh J, Peleg M, Eran A, Koren I, Feiglin A, Demishtein A, Shiloh R, Heiner M, Kong SW, Elazar Z, Kohane I. A model-driven methodology for exploring complex disease comorbidities applied to autism spectrum disorder and inflammatory bowel disease. J Biomed Inform 2016; 63:366-378. [PMID: 27522000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We propose a model-driven methodology aimed to shed light on complex disorders. Our approach enables exploring shared etiologies of comorbid diseases at the molecular pathway level. The method, Comparative Comorbidities Simulation (CCS), uses stochastic Petri net simulation for examining the phenotypic effects of perturbation of a network known to be involved in comorbidities to predict new roles for mutations in comorbid conditions. To demonstrate the utility of our novel methodology, we investigated the molecular convergence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on the autophagy pathway. In addition to validation by domain experts, we used formal analyses to demonstrate the model's self-consistency. We then used CCS to compare the effects of loss of function (LoF) mutations previously implicated in either ASD or IBD on the autophagy pathway. CCS identified similar dynamic consequences of these mutations in the autophagy pathway. Our method suggests that two LoF mutations previously implicated in IBD may contribute to ASD, and one ASD-implicated LoF mutation may play a role in IBD. Future targeted genomic or functional studies could be designed to directly test these predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Somekh
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Information Systems, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Mor Peleg
- Department of Information Systems, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alal Eran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Itay Koren
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ariel Feiglin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alik Demishtein
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ruth Shiloh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Monika Heiner
- Computer Science Institute, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Sek Won Kong
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Isaac Kohane
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Vieira NM, Elvers I, Alexander MS, Moreira YB, Eran A, Gomes JP, Marshall JL, Karlsson EK, Verjovski-Almeida S, Lindblad-Toh K, Kunkel LM, Zatz M. Jagged 1 Rescues the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Phenotype. Cell 2015; 163:1204-1213. [PMID: 26582133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by mutations at the dystrophin gene, is the most common form of muscular dystrophy. There is no cure for DMD and current therapeutic approaches to restore dystrophin expression are only partially effective. The absence of dystrophin in muscle results in dysregulation of signaling pathways, which could be targets for disease therapy and drug discovery. Previously, we identified two exceptional Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs that are mildly affected, have functional muscle, and normal lifespan despite the complete absence of dystrophin. Now, our data on linkage, whole-genome sequencing, and transcriptome analyses of these dogs compared to severely affected GRMD and control animals reveals that increased expression of Jagged1 gene, a known regulator of the Notch signaling pathway, is a hallmark of the mild phenotype. Functional analyses demonstrate that Jagged1 overexpression ameliorates the dystrophic phenotype, suggesting that Jagged1 may represent a target for DMD therapy in a dystrophin-independent manner. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natassia M Vieira
- The Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Human Genome and Stem Cell Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Ingegerd Elvers
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 597, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthew S Alexander
- The Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Stem Cell Program at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuri B Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Alal Eran
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juliana P Gomes
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Jamie L Marshall
- The Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sergio Verjovski-Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 05508-000; Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-050, Brazil
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 597, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Louis M Kunkel
- The Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Center, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil.
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21
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Eran A, Yousem DM, Izbudak I. Asymmetry of the Odontoid Lateral Mass Interval in Pediatric Trauma CT: Do We Need to Investigate Further? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 37:176-9. [PMID: 26381552 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Odontoid lateral mass interval asymmetry can be within the normal spectrum or the result of traumatic atlantoaxial injury. We sought to set radiographic guidelines for further investigation of odontoid lateral mass interval asymmetry in cervical spine CT studies of pediatric trauma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen children with C1-2 ligamentous injury or atlantoaxial rotational fixation/subluxation were retrospectively identified. We identified an additional 56 children fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: 1) They underwent C-spine CT to exclude traumatic injury, and 2) C-spine clearance and follow-up. Those were matched for age, sex, and severity of traumatic insult with the injured group. Clinical data were collected, and we measured the following parameters: anterior atlantodental interval; odontoid lateral mass interval; and the rotation of the head, C1, and C2. RESULTS A significant difference (P < .001) was found between the groups in cervical tenderness and torticollis. There was a significant difference in the atlantodental interval value (3.3 ± 0.8 mm in injured and 2.2 ± 0.5 mm in noninjured). The directionality of head, C1, and C2 rotation was significantly (P < .05) more toward the same direction in the noninjured group. We found significant linear correlation between head rotation and ipsilateral odontoid lateral mass interval asymmetry only in the noninjured at C1-2. With multivariant analysis, the presence of cervical tenderness and an abnormal atlantodental interval were the most significant variables. CONCLUSIONS Odontoid lateral mass interspace asymmetry in the absence of cervical tenderness and with a normal atlantodental interval is likely in the normal range and need not be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eran
- From the Department of Radiology (A.E.), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - D M Yousem
- Department of Radiology (D.M.Y., I.I.), Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - I Izbudak
- Department of Radiology (D.M.Y., I.I.), Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kawahara G, Gasperini MJ, Myers JA, Widrick JJ, Eran A, Serafini PR, Alexander MS, Pletcher MT, Morris CA, Kunkel LM. Dystrophic muscle improvement in zebrafish via increased heme oxygenase signaling. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4480-1. [PMID: 26034133 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Person OK, Eran A, Darawshe F, Tzuk-Shina T. P17.88 * THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EPENDYMAL ENHANCEMENT AT PRESENTATION IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT GLIOMA: SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou174.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
Newly released definitions of autism spectrum disorder demonstrate the need for precise diagnoses informed by the integration of clinical, molecular, and biochemical characteristics in a patient-information commons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac S Kohane
- Isaac S. Kohane is Co-Director of the Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA, and the Lawrence J. Henderson Professor of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Muraru D, Addetia K, Veronesi F, Corsi C, Mor-Avi V, Yamat M, Weinert L, Lang R, Badano L, Faita F, Di Lascio N, Bruno R, Bianchini E, Ghiadoni L, Sicari R, Gemignani V, Angelis A, Ageli K, Ioakimidis N, Chrysohoou C, Agelakas A, Felekos I, Vaina S, Aznaourides K, Vlachopoulos C, Stefanadis C, Nemes A, Szolnoky G, Gavaller H, Gonczy A, Kemeny L, Forster T, Ramalho A, Placido R, Marta L, Menezes M, Magalhaes A, Cortez Dias N, Martins S, Almeida A, Pinto F, Nunes Diogo A, Botezatu CD, Enache R, Popescu B, Nastase O, Coman M, Ghiorghiu I, Calin A, Rosca M, Beladan C, Ginghina C, Grapsa J, Cabrita I, Durighel G, O'regan D, Dawson D, Nihoyannopoulos P, Pellicori P, Kallvikbacka-Bennett A, Zhang J, Lukaschuk E, Joseph A, Bourantas C, Loh H, Bragadeesh T, Clark A, Cleland J, Kallvikbacka-Bennett A, Pellicori P, Lomax S, Putzu P, Diercx R, Parsons S, Dicken B, Zhang J, Clark A, Cleland J, Vered Z, Adirevitz L, Dragu R, Blatt A, Karev E, Malca Y, Roytvarf A, Marek D, Sovova E, Berkova M, Cihalik C, Taborsky M, Lindqvist P, Tossavainen E, Soderberg S, Gonzales M, Gustavsson S, Henein M, Sonne C, Bott-Fluegel L, Hauck S, Lesevic H, Hadamitzky M, Wolf P, Kolb C, Bandera F, Pellegrino M, Generati G, Donghi V, Alfonzetti E, Castelvecchio S, Menicanti L, Guazzi M, Buchyte S, Rinkuniene D, Jurkevicius R, Smarz K, Zaborska B, Jaxa-Chamiec T, Maciejewski P, Budaj A, Santoro A, Federico Alvino F, Giovanni Antonelli G, Roberta Molle R, Matteo Bertini M, Stefano Lunghetti S, Sergio Mondillo S, Henri C, Magne J, Dulgheru R, Laaraibi S, Voilliot D, Kou S, Pierard L, Lancellotti P, Szulik M, Stabryla-Deska J, Kalinowski M, Sliwinska A, Szymala M, Lenarczyk R, Kalarus Z, Kukulski T, Yiangou K, Azina C, Yiangou A, Ioannides M, Chimonides S, Baysal S, Pirat B, Okyay K, Bal U, Muderrisoglu H, Popovic D, Ostojic M, Petrovic M, Vujisic-Tesic B, Arandjelovic A, Petrovic I, Banovic M, Popovic B, Vukcevic V, Damjanovic S, Velasco Del Castillo S, Onaindia Gandarias J, Arana Achaga X, Laraudogoitia Zaldumbide E, Rodriguez Sanchez I, Cacicedo De Bobadilla A, Romero Pereiro A, Aguirre Larracoechea U, Salinas T, Subinas A, Elzbieciak M, Wita K, Grabka M, Chmurawa J, Doruchowska A, Turski M, Filipecki A, Wybraniec M, Mizia-Stec K, Varho V, Karjalainen P, Lehtinen T, Airaksinen J, Ylitalo A, Kiviniemi T, Gargiulo P, Galderisi M, D' Amore C, Lo Iudice F, Savarese G, Casaretti L, Pellegrino A, Fabiani I, La Mura L, Perrone Filardi P, Kim JY, Chung W, Yu J, Choi Y, Park C, Youn H, Lee M, Nagy A, Manouras A, Gunyeli E, Gustafsson U, Shahgaldi K, Winter R, Johnsson J, Zagatina A, Krylova L, Zhuravskaya N, Vareldzyan Y, Tyurina T, Clitsenko O, Khalifa EA, Ashour Z, Elnagar W, Jung I, Seo H, Lee S, Lim D, Mizariene V, Verseckaite R, Janenaite J, Jonkaitiene R, Jurkevicius R, Sanchez Espino A, Bonaque Gonzalez J, Merchan Ortega G, Bolivar Herrera N, Ikuta I, Macancela Quinones J, Gomez Recio M, Silva Fazendas Adame PR, Caldeira D, Stuart B, Almeida S, Cruz I, Ferreira A, Freire G, Lopes L, Cotrim C, Pereira H, Mediratta A, Addetia K, Moss J, Nayak H, Yamat M, Weinert L, Mor-Avi V, Lang R, Al Amri I, Debonnaire P, Van Der Kley F, Schalij M, Bax J, Ajmone Marsan N, Delgado V, Schmidt FP, Gniewosz T, Jabs A, Munzel T, Jansen T, Kaempfner D, Hink U, Von Bardeleben R, Jose J, George O, Joseph G, Jose J, Adawi S, Najjar R, Ahronson D, Shiran A, Van Riel A, Boerlage - Van Dijk K, De Bruin - Bon H, Araki M, Meregalli P, Koch K, Vis M, Mulder B, Baan J, Bouma B, Marciniak A, Elton D, Glover K, Campbell I, Sharma R, Batalha S, Lourenco C, Oliveira Da Silva C, Manouras A, Shahgaldi K, Caballero L, Garcia-Lara J, Gonzalez-Carrillo J, Oliva M, Saura D, Garcia-Navarro M, Espinosa M, Pinar E, Valdes M, De La Morena G, Barreiro Perez M, Lopez Perez M, Roy D, Brecker S, Sharma R, Venkateshvaran A, Dash PK, Sola S, Barooah B, Govind SC, Winter R, Shahgaldi K, Brodin LA, Manouras A, Saura Espin D, Caballero Jimenez L, Gonzalez Carrillo J, Oliva Sandoval M, Lopez Ruiz M, Garcia Navarro M, Espinosa Garcia M, Valdes Chavarri M, De La Morena Valenzuela G, Gatti G, Dell'angela L, Pinamonti B, Benussi B, Sinagra G, Pappalardo A, Hernandez V, Saavedra J, Gonzalez A, Iglesias P, Civantos S, Guijarro G, Monereo S, Ikeda M, Toh N, Oe H, Tanabe Y, Watanabe N, Ito H, Ciampi Q, Cortigiani L, Pratali L, Rigo F, Villari B, Picano E, Sicari R, Yoon J, Sohn J, Kim Y, Chang H, Hong G, Kim T, Ha J, Choi B, Rim S, Choi E, Tibazarwa K, Sliwa K, Wonkam A, Mayosi B, Oryshchyn N, Ivaniv Y, Pavlyk S, Lourenco MR, Azevedo O, Moutinho J, Nogueira I, Fernandes M, Pereira V, Quelhas I, Lourenco A, Sunbul M, Tigen K, Karaahmet T, Dundar C, Ozben B, Guler A, Cincin A, Bulut M, Sari I, Basaran Y, Baydar O, Kadriye Kilickesmez K, Ugur Coskun U, Polat Canbolat P, Veysel Oktay V, Umit Yasar Sinan U, Okay Abaci O, Cuneyt Kocas C, Sinan Uner S, Serdar Kucukoglu S, Zaroui A, Mourali M, Ben Said R, Asmi M, Aloui H, Kaabachi N, Mechmeche R, Saberniak J, Hasselberg N, Borgquist R, Platonov P, Holst A, Edvardsen T, Haugaa K, Lourenco MR, Azevedo O, Nogueira I, Moutinho J, Fernandes M, Pereira V, Quelhas I, Lourenco A, Eran A, Yueksel D, Er F, Gassanov N, Rosenkranz S, Baldus S, Guedelhoefer H, Faust M, Caglayan E, Matveeva N, Nartsissova G, Chernjavskij A, Ippolito R, De Palma D, Muscariello R, Santoro C, Raia R, Schiano-Lomoriello V, Gargiulo F, Galderisi M, Lipari P, Bonapace S, Zenari L, Valbusa F, Rossi A, Lanzoni L, Canali G, Molon G, Campopiano E, Barbieri E, Ikonomidis I, Varoudi M, Papadavid E, Theodoropoulos K, Papadakis I, Pavlidis G, Triantafyllidi H, Anastasiou - Nana M, Rigopoulos D, Lekakis J, Sunbul M, Tigen K, Ozen G, Durmus E, Kivrak T, Cincin A, Ozben B, Atas H, Direskeneli H, Basaran Y, Stevanovic A, Dekleva M, Trajic S, Paunovic N, Simic A, Khan S, Mushemi-Blake S, Jouhra F, Dennes W, Monaghan M, Melikian N, Shah A, Maceira Gonzalez AM, Lopez-Lereu M, Monmeneu J, Igual B, Estornell J, Boraita A, Kosmala W, Rojek A, Bialy D, Mysiak A, Przewlocka-Kosmala M, Popescu I, Mancas S, Mornos C, Serbescu I, Ionescu G, Ionac A, Gaudron P, Niemann M, Herrmann S, Hu K, Liu D, Wojciech K, Frantz S, Bijnens B, Ertl G, Weidemann F, Maceira Gonzalez AM, Cosin-Sales J, Ruvira J, Diago J, Aguilar J, Igual B, Lopez-Lereu M, Monmeneu J, Estornell J, Cruz C, Pinho T, Madureira A, Lebreiro A, Dias C, Ramos I, Silva Cardoso J, Julia Maciel M, De Meester P, Van De Bruaene A, Herijgers P, Voigt JU, Budts W, Franzoso F, Voser E, Wohlmut C, Kellenberger C, Valsangiacomo Buechel E, Carrero C, Benger J, Parcerisa M, Falconi M, Oberti P, Granja M, Cagide A, Del Pasqua A, Secinaro A, Antonelli G, Iacomino M, Toscano A, Chinali M, Esposito C, Carotti A, Pongiglione G, Rinelli G, Youssef Moustafa A, Al Murayeh M, Al Masswary A, Al Sheikh K, Moselhy M, Dardir M, Deising J, Butz T, Suermeci G, Liebeton J, Wennemann R, Tzikas S, Van Bracht M, Prull M, Trappe HJ, Martin Hidalgo M, Delgado Ortega M, Ruiz Ortiz M, Mesa Rubio D, Carrasco Avalos F, Seoane Garcia T, Pan Alvarez-Ossorio M, Lopez Aguilera J, Puentes Chiachio M, Suarez De Lezo Cruz Conde J, Petrovic MT, Giga V, Stepanovic J, Tesic M, Jovanovic I, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Generati G, Pellegrino M, Bandera F, Donghi V, Alfonzetti E, Guazzi M, Piatkowski R, Kochanowski J, Scislo P, Opolski G, Zagatina A, Zhuravskaya N, Krylova L, Vareldzhyan Y, Tyurina T, Clitsenko O, Bombardini T, Gherardi S, Leone O, Picano E, Michelotto E, Ciccarone A, Tarantino N, Ostuni V, Rubino M, Genco W, Santoro G, Carretta D, Romito R, Colonna P, Cameli M, Lunghetti S, Lisi M, Curci V, Cameli P, Focardi M, Favilli R, Galderisi M, Mondillo S, Hoffmann R, Barletta G, Von Bardeleben S, Kasprzak J, Greis C, Vanoverschelde J, Becher H, Machida T, Izumo M, Suzuki K, Kaimijima R, Mizukoshi K, Manabe-Uematsu M, Takai M, Harada T, Akashi Y, Martin Garcia A, Arribas-Jimenez A, Cruz-Gonzalez I, Nieto F, Iscar A, Merchan S, Martin-Luengo C, Brecht A, Theres L, Spethmann S, Dreger H, Baumann G, Knebel F, Jasaityte R, Heyde B, Rademakers F, Claus P, D'hooge J, Lervik Nilsen LC, Lund J, Brekke B, Stoylen A, Giraldeau G, Duchateau N, Gabrielli L, Penela D, Evertz R, Mont L, Brugada J, Berruezo A, Bijnens B, Sitges M, Kordybach M, Kowalski M, Hoffman P, Pilichowska E, Zaborska B, Baran J, Kulakowski P, Budaj A, Wahi S, Vollbon W, Leano R, Thomas A, Bricknell K, Holland D, Napier S, Stanton T, Teferici D, Qirko S, Petrela E, Dibra A, Bajraktari G, Bara P, Sanchis Ruiz L, Gabrielli L, Andrea R, Falces C, Duchateau N, Perez-Villa F, Bijnens B, Sitges M, Sulemane S, Panoulas V, Bratsas A, Tam F, Nihoyannopoulos P, Abduch M, Alencar A, Coracin F, Barban A, Saboya R, Dulley F, Mathias W, Vieira M, Buccheri S, Mangiafico S, Arcidiacono A, Bottari V, Leggio S, Tamburino C, Monte IP, Cruz C, Lebreiro A, Pinho T, Dias C, Silva Cardoso J, Julia Maciel M, Spitzer E, Beitzke D, Kaneider A, Pavo N, Gottsauner-Wolf M, Wolf F, Loewe C, Mushtaq S, Andreini D, Pontone G, Bertella E, Conte E, Baggiano A, Annoni A, Cortinovis S, Fiorentini C, Pepi M, Gustafsson M, Alehagen U, Dahlstrom U, Johansson P, Faden G, Faggiano P, Albertini L, Reverberi C, Gaibazzi N, Taylor RJ, Moody W, Umar F, Edwards N, Townend J, Steeds R, Leyva F, Mihaila S, Muraru D, Piasentini E, Peluso D, Casablanca S, Naso P, Puma L, Iliceto S, Vinereanu D, Badano L, Ciciarello FL, Agati L, Cimino S, De Luca L, Petronilli V, Fedele F, Tsverava M. Poster Session Saturday 14 December - AM: 14/12/2013, 08:30-12:30 * Location: Poster area. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kawahara G, Gasperini MJ, Myers JA, Widrick JJ, Eran A, Serafini PR, Alexander MS, Pletcher MT, Morris CA, Kunkel LM. Dystrophic muscle improvement in zebrafish via increased heme oxygenase signaling. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1869-78. [PMID: 24234649 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by a lack of the dystrophin protein and has no effective treatment at present. Zebrafish provide a powerful in vivo tool for high-throughput therapeutic drug screening for the improvement of muscle phenotypes caused by dystrophin deficiency. Using the dystrophin-deficient zebrafish, sapje, we have screened a total of 2640 compounds with known modes of action from three drug libraries to identify modulators of the disease progression. Six compounds that target heme oxygenase signaling were found to rescue the abnormal muscle phenotype in sapje and sapje-like, while upregulating the inducible heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) at the protein level. Direct Hmox1 overexpression by injection of zebrafish Hmox1 mRNA into fertilized eggs was found to be sufficient for a dystrophin-independent restoration of normal muscle via an upregulation of cGMP levels. In addition, treatment of mdx(5cv) mice with the PDE5 inhibitor, sildenafil, which was one of the six drugs impacting the Hmox1 pathway in zebrafish, significantly increased the expression of Hmox1 protein, thus making Hmox1 a novel target for the improvement of dystrophic symptoms. These results demonstrate the translational relevance of our zebrafish model to mammalian models and support the use of zebrafish to screen for new drugs to treat human DMD. The discovery of a small molecule and a specific therapeutic pathway that might mitigate DMD disease progression could lead to significant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genri Kawahara
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Eran A, Li JB, Vatalaro K, McCarthy J, Rahimov F, Collins C, Markianos K, Margulies DM, Brown EN, Calvo SE, Kohane IS, Kunkel LM. Comparative RNA editing in autistic and neurotypical cerebella. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:1041-8. [PMID: 22869036 PMCID: PMC3494744 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a neurodevelopmentally regulated epigenetic modification shown to modulate complex behavior in animals. Little is known about human A-to-I editing, but it is thought to constitute one of many molecular mechanisms connecting environmental stimuli and behavioral outputs. Thus, comprehensive exploration of A-to-I RNA editing in human brains may shed light on gene-environment interactions underlying complex behavior in health and disease. Synaptic function is a main target of A-to-I editing, which can selectively recode key amino acids in synaptic genes, directly altering synaptic strength and duration in response to environmental signals. Here, we performed a high-resolution survey of synaptic A-to-I RNA editing in a human population, and examined how it varies in autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder in which synaptic abnormalities are a common finding. Using ultra-deep (>1000 × ) sequencing, we quantified the levels of A-to-I editing of 10 synaptic genes in postmortem cerebella from 14 neurotypical and 11 autistic individuals. A high dynamic range of editing levels was detected across individuals and editing sites, from 99.6% to below detection limits. In most sites, the extreme ends of the population editing distributions were individuals with autism. Editing was correlated with isoform usage, clusters of correlated sites were identified, and differential editing patterns examined. Finally, a dysfunctional form of the editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA B1 was found more commonly in postmortem cerebella from individuals with autism. These results provide a population-level, high-resolution view of A-to-I RNA editing in human cerebella and suggest that A-to-I editing of synaptic genes may be informative for assessing the epigenetic risk for autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alal Eran
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Program in Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jin Billy Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kayla Vatalaro
- Program in Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jillian McCarthy
- Program in Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fedik Rahimov
- Program in Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christin Collins
- Program in Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyriacos Markianos
- Program in Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David M. Margulies
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Correlagen Diagnostics, Waltham, MA 02452, USA,Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emery N. Brown
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Neuroscience Statistics Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sarah E. Calvo
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Isaac S. Kohane
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Correspondence: Louis Kunkel, Program in Genomics, Department of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS 15027.1, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Telephone: (617) 355-6279, fax: (617) 730-0253, , Isaac Kohane, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Enders 144, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Telephone: (617) 919-2182, fax: (617) 730-0921,
| | - Louis M. Kunkel
- Program in Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Correspondence: Louis Kunkel, Program in Genomics, Department of Genetics, Boston Children’s Hospital, 3 Blackfan Circle, CLS 15027.1, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Telephone: (617) 355-6279, fax: (617) 730-0253, , Isaac Kohane, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Enders 144, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Telephone: (617) 919-2182, fax: (617) 730-0921,
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Eran A, Erdmann E, Yüksel D, Dahlem KM, Er F. [Validation of patients' knowledge after informed consent prior to coronary angiography]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2011; 136:2407-13. [PMID: 22094969 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The informed consent of the patient is required before any medical intervention can be done. The impact of the provided information on the subsequent knowledge of the patient is regularly questioned. In the present investigation we aimed to determine the knowledge of the patients about invasive coronary angiography (CA) after they had been optimally vs. standard vs. not at all informed. PATIENTS AND METHODS 300 consecutive patients who were admitted for planned CA were included. Of these, 150 in-patients were informed by especially trained physicians one day before CA and 50 out-patients were informed by their general practitioner or cardiologist several days before admission. 100 in-patients were included before they were informed. In a standardized interview the predefined knowledge of the patients was assessed by an independent physician before CA in previously informed patients and after hospital admission in non-informed patients. RESULTS The differences in knowledge between informed in- and out-patients were low. Especially their knowledge about potential complications was not different. Generally, patients could remember less serious complications better than life-threatening ones. Two previously informed patients (1 %) affirmed that they were not informed. The knowledge of non-informed patients was much lower than the knowledge of patients who had been informed. CONCLUSION The knowledge and remembrance of patients after having detailed information about medical interventions is limited. Optimization of the informative interview did not really improve this knowledge. In contrast to non-informed patients the provided information did, however, increase the knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eran
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Universität zu Köln
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Meoded A, Singhi S, Poretti A, Eran A, Tekes A, Huisman TAGM. Tectorial membrane injury: frequently overlooked in pediatric traumatic head injury. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1806-11. [PMID: 21852371 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
REHs and tectorial membrane injuries are rare complications of pediatric head and neck injuries. We aim to describe the neuroimaging findings in pediatric REHs, to summarize the mechanism of injury, and to correlate the imaging findings with the clinical presentation. We retrospectively evaluated CT and/or MR imaging studies of 10 children with traumatic REH. Most patients were involved in MVAs. The tectorial membrane was injured in 70% of patients, and REHs were medium to large in 80%. None of the patients had a focal spinal cord or brain stem injury, craniocervical junction dislocation, or vertebral fractures. Tectorial membrane disruption was diagnosed in most patients without craniocervical junction-related symptoms. Tectorial membrane lesions and REHs were seen in young children who sustained high-speed head and neck injuries. Clinical symptoms may be minimal or misleading. The radiologist should be aware of these injuries in children. MR imaging appears to be more sensitive than CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meoded
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
We present a case study of a patient with acquired prefrontal lesion involving mainly ventromedial and orbital structures (VM-PFD). The patient showed behavioral and emotional disturbances one year after the injury. In a follow-up examination seven years later, we evaluated her performance in tasks found theoretically to be sensitive to orbital and medial lesions. In contrast to our hypothesis, her performance was in the normal range. We suggest that a possible explanation for her magnificent recovery may include a high cognitive reserve and the specific characteristics of her injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fisher
- Cognitive Neurology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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Eran A, Graham KR, Vatalaro K, McCarthy J, Collins C, Peters H, Brewster SJ, Hanson E, Hundley R, Rappaport L, Holm IA, Kohane IS, Kunkel LM. Comment on "Autistic-like phenotypes in Cadps2-knockout mice and aberrant CADPS2 splicing in autistic patients". J Clin Invest 2009; 119:679-80; author reply 680-1. [PMID: 19339759 DOI: 10.1172/jci38620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Shalev E, Harpaz-Kerpel S, Engelhard Y, Weiner E, Eran A, Zuckerman H. Serum ovarian steroids, prolactin and prostaglandin metabolites in women using the inert intrauterine device. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1987; 25:139-44. [PMID: 2884139 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7292(87)90008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Serum levels of 17 beta estradiol, progesterone, prolactin and metabolites of prostaglandins E2 and F2a were investigated in 18 healthy women before and after the insertion of a Saf-T-Coil intrauterine device. The results suggest that the presence of an intrauterine device may cause hormonal changes affecting the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
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Abstract
The influence of fetal heart rate monitoring on endocrinological parameters (growth hormone, insulin, cortisol, dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine) for stress was tested in women during pregnancy and in labor. Significant increases in the levels of all hormones except dopamine were found during monitoring in women with the non-stress test in comparison with the control group. Increases of more than 50% in the level of all hormones were found during labor with or without monitoring, reflecting stress during labor. The implication of fetal heart rate monitoring on the emotional state of the pregnant woman must be taken seriously.
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Eran A, Shalev E, Zuckerman H. [Torsion of the uterus during labor]. Harefuah 1982; 102:21-2. [PMID: 7095611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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