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Pariollaud M, Ibrahim LH, Irizarry E, Mello RM, Chan AB, Altman BJ, Shaw RJ, Bollong MJ, Wiseman RL, Lamia KA. Circadian disruption enhances HSF1 signaling and tumorigenesis in Kras-driven lung cancer. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo1123. [PMID: 36170373 PMCID: PMC9519049 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted circadian rhythmicity is a prominent feature of modern society and has been designated as a probable carcinogen by the World Health Organization. However, the biological mechanisms that connect circadian disruption and cancer risk remain largely undefined. We demonstrate that exposure to chronic circadian disruption [chronic jetlag (CJL)] increases tumor burden in a mouse model of KRAS-driven lung cancer. Molecular characterization of tumors and tumor-bearing lung tissues revealed that CJL enhances the expression of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) target genes. Consistently, exposure to CJL disrupted the highly rhythmic nuclear trafficking of HSF1 in the lung, resulting in an enhanced accumulation of HSF1 in the nucleus. HSF1 has been shown to promote tumorigenesis in other systems, and we find that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of HSF1 reduces the growth of KRAS-mutant human lung cancer cells. These findings implicate HSF1 as a molecular link between circadian disruption and enhanced tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pariollaud
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lara H. Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emanuel Irizarry
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Mello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alanna B. Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brian J. Altman
- Department of Biomedical Genetics and Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Reuben J. Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael J. Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katja A. Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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2
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Casanova-Vallve N, Duglan D, Vaughan ME, Pariollaud M, Handzlik MK, Fan W, Yu RT, Liddle C, Downes M, Delezie J, Mello R, Chan AB, Westermark PO, Metallo CM, Evans RM, Lamia KA. Daily running enhances molecular and physiological circadian rhythms in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101504. [PMID: 35470095 PMCID: PMC9079800 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Exercise is a critical component of a healthy lifestyle and a key strategy for the prevention and management of metabolic disease. Identifying molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation in response to chronic physical activity is of critical interest in metabolic physiology. Circadian rhythms broadly modulate metabolism, including muscle substrate utilization and exercise capacity. Here, we define the molecular and physiological changes induced across the daily cycle by voluntary low intensity daily exercise. Methods Wildtype C57BL6/J male and female mice were housed with or without access to a running wheel for six weeks. Maximum running speed was measured at four different zeitgeber times (ZTs, hours after lights on) using either electrical or manual stimulation to motivate continued running on a motorized treadmill. RNA isolated from plantaris muscles at six ZTs was sequenced to establish the impact of daily activity on genome-wide transcription. Patterns of gene expression were analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Detection of Differential Rhythmicity (DODR). Blood glucose, lactate, and ketones, and muscle and liver glycogen were measured before and after exercise. Results We demonstrate that the use of mild electrical shocks to motivate running negatively impacts maximum running speed in mice, and describe a manual method to motivate running in rodent exercise studies. Using this method, we show that time of day influences the increase in exercise capacity afforded by six weeks of voluntary wheel running: when maximum running speed is measured at the beginning of the nighttime active period in mice, there is no measurable benefit from a history of daily voluntary running, while maximum increase in performance occurs at the end of the night. We show that daily voluntary exercise dramatically remodels the murine muscle circadian transcriptome. Finally, we describe daily rhythms in carbohydrate metabolism associated with the time-dependent response to moderate daily exercise in mice. Conclusions Collectively, these data indicate that chronic nighttime physical activity dramatically remodels daily rhythms of murine muscle gene expression, which in turn support daily fluctuations in exercise performance. Daily voluntary running dramatically remodels the mouse muscle circadian transcriptome. Daily voluntary running maximally increases mouse running speed in the late active period. Muscle and liver glycogen content exhibit robust daily rhythms in laboratory mice. Use of mild electric shocks to motivate running in mice impairs maximum running speed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drew Duglan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Megan E Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marie Pariollaud
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michal K Handzlik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research and University of Sydney School of Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Julien Delezie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Mello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alanna B Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pål O Westermark
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katja A Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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3
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Abstract
Circadian clocks are cell-autonomous self-sustaining oscillators that allow organisms to anticipate environmental changes throughout the solar day and persist in nearly every cell examined. Environmental or genetic disruption of circadian rhythms increases the risk of several types of cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we discuss evidence connecting circadian rhythms-with emphasis on the cryptochrome proteins (CRY1/2)-to cancer through in vivo models, mechanisms involving known tumor suppressors and oncogenes, chemotherapeutic efficacy, and human cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna B Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katja A Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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4
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Vaughan ME, Wallace M, Handzlik MK, Chan AB, Metallo CM, Lamia KA. Cryptochromes Suppress HIF1α in Muscles. iScience 2020; 23:101338. [PMID: 32683313 PMCID: PMC7371909 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscles preferentially utilize glycolytic or oxidative metabolism depending on the intensity of physical activity. Transcripts required for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism undergo circadian oscillations of expression in muscles, and both exercise capacity and the metabolic response to exercise are influenced by time of day. The circadian repressors CRY1 and CRY2 repress peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), a major driver of oxidative metabolism and exercise endurance. CRY-deficient mice exhibit enhanced PPARδ activation and greater maximum speed when running on a treadmill but no increase in exercise endurance. Here we demonstrate that CRYs limit hypoxia-responsive transcription via repression of HIF1α-BMAL1 heterodimers. Furthermore, CRY2 appeared to be more effective than CRY1 in the reduction of HIF1α protein steady-state levels in primary myotubes and quadriceps in vivo. Finally, CRY-deficient myotubes exhibit metabolic alterations consistent with cryptochrome-dependent suppression of HIF1α, which likely contributes to circadian modulation of muscle metabolism. CRY2 plays a unique role in regulating HIF1α protein accumulation in muscle HIF1α and BMAL1 heterodimers are transcriptionally active CRY1/2 represses transcription driven by HIF1α/BMAL1 heterodimers Cryptochromes influence skeletal muscle substrate preference and utilization
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michal K Handzlik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alanna B Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Katja A Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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5
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Abstract
Early 2 factor (E2F) family transcription factors participate in myriad cell biological processes including: the cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis, development, differentiation, and metabolism. Circadian rhythms influence many of these phenomena. Here we find that a mammalian circadian rhythm component, Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), regulates E2F family members. Furthermore, CRY1 and CRY2 cooperate with the E3 ligase complex SKP-CULLIN-FBXL3 (SCFFBXL3) to reduce E2F steady state protein levels. These findings reveal an unrecognized molecular connection between circadian clocks and cell cycle regulation and highlight another mechanism to maintain appropriate E2F protein levels for proper cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna B Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Huber
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon, 28 rue Laennec, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Katja A Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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6
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Da Silva CG, Camps MGM, Li TMWY, Chan AB, Ossendorp F, Cruz LJ. Co-delivery of immunomodulators in biodegradable nanoparticles improves therapeutic efficacy of cancer vaccines. Biomaterials 2019; 220:119417. [PMID: 31419588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of cancer vaccines we aimed to modulate the suppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, the potential of intratumoral immune modulation with poly (I:C), Resiquimod (R848) and CCL20 (MIP3α) was explored. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles were used as delivery vehicles for slow and sustained release of these drugs in the tumor area and were combined with specific immunotherapy based on therapeutic peptide vaccination in two aggressive murine carcinoma and lymphoma tumor models. Whereas nanoparticle delivery of poly (I:C) or R848 improved therapeutic efficacy, the combination with MIP3α remarkably potentiated the cancer vaccine antitumor effects. The long-term survival increased to 75-100% and the progression free survival nearly doubled on mice with established large carcinoma tumors. The potent adjuvant effects were associated with lymphoid and myeloid population alterations in the tumor and tumor-draining lymph node. In addition to a significant influx of macrophages into the tumor, the phenotype of the suppressor tumor-associated macrophages shifted towards an acute inflammatory phenotype in the tumor-draining lymph node. Overall, these data show that therapeutic cancer vaccines can be potentiated by the combined nanoparticle mediated co-delivery of poly (I:C), R848 and MIP3α, which indicates that a more favorable milieu for cancer fighting immune cells is created for T cells induced by therapeutic cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Da Silva
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M G M Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - T M W Y Li
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A B Chan
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands; Percuros B.V., Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - F Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - L J Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands.
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7
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Vaughan M, Jordan SD, Duglan D, Chan AB, Afetian M, Lamia KA. Phosphorylation of CRY1 Serine 71 Alters Voluntary Activity but Not Circadian Rhythms In Vivo. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 34:401-409. [PMID: 31258021 DOI: 10.1177/0748730419858525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks allow organisms to anticipate repetitive changes in their environment such as food availability, temperature, and predation. While they most clearly manifest at the behavioral level, driving sleep-wake cycles, for example, they also provide critical temporal regulation at the level of individual tissues. Circadian clocks within organs act to ensure that each tissue is functioning in a coordinated manner to anticipate the needs of the organism as a whole but also allow for adaptation of organs to their local environment. One critical aspect of this environment is energy availability, which is communicated at the cellular level via changes in metabolites such as ATP, calcium, and NADH. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is both sensitive to fluctuations in secondary metabolites and capable of resetting the circadian clock via destabilization of the core clock components CRY and PER. Phosphorylation of serine 71 of CRY1 by AMPK destabilizes CRY1 by decreasing its interaction with binding partner PER2, thus enabling greater association with the SCF complex substrate adaptor FBXL3. Here, we describe a transgenic mouse harboring germline mutation of CRY1 serine 71 to alanine. Unexpectedly, this mutation does not affect the steady-state level of CRY1 protein in mouse livers or quadriceps. We also did not detect changes in either behavioral or molecular circadian rhythms, but female Cry1S71A mice exhibit decreased voluntary locomotor activity compared with wild-type littermates. Together, these findings suggest that phosphorylation of CRY1 serine 71 is not required for the regulation of circadian rhythms under normal physiological conditions. However, it may be involved in responding to metabolic challenges or in other aspects of physiology that contribute to voluntary activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sabine D Jordan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Drew Duglan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alanna B Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Megan Afetian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Katja A Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
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8
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In't Veld RH, Da Silva CG, Kaijzel EL, Chan AB, Cruz LJ. The Potential of Nano-Vehicle Mediated Therapy in Vasculitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:1985-1992. [PMID: 28003012 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666161221151900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The induction of immune tolerance towards self-antigens presents as a viable future strategy in the treatment of auto-immune diseases, including vasculitis and multiple sclerosis (MS). As specific targets are currently lacking for vasculitis due to incomplete understanding of the pathologies underlying this disease, current treatment options are based on modalities that induce general immune suppression. However, many immune suppressants used in the clinic are known to display wide biodistribution and are thus often accompanied by several adverse effects. Nano-vehicles (NVs) possess the ability to overcome such limitations by enabling more specific delivery of their content through modifications with targeting moieties. In this review, we describe the latest insights in the pathology of vasculitis that may function as potential targets for NV carrier systems, allowing more specific delivery of currently used immune suppressants. In addition, we describe the existing strategies to induce artificial immune tolerance and explore the feasibility of inducing regulatory T cell (Treg) mediated tolerance for MS, possibly mediated by NVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Huis In't Veld
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - C G Da Silva
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - E L Kaijzel
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - L J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Bldg.1, C2-187h. Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
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9
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Kriebs A, Jordan SD, Soto E, Henriksson E, Sandate CR, Vaughan ME, Chan AB, Duglan D, Papp SJ, Huber AL, Afetian ME, Yu RT, Zhao X, Downes M, Evans RM, Lamia KA. Circadian repressors CRY1 and CRY2 broadly interact with nuclear receptors and modulate transcriptional activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:8776-8781. [PMID: 28751364 PMCID: PMC5565439 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704955114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) regulate physiology by sensing lipophilic ligands and adapting cellular transcription appropriately. A growing understanding of the impact of circadian clocks on mammalian transcription has sparked interest in the interregulation of transcriptional programs. Mammalian clocks are based on a transcriptional feedback loop featuring the transcriptional activators circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) and brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1), and transcriptional repressors cryptochrome (CRY) and period (PER). CRY1 and CRY2 bind independently of other core clock factors to many genomic sites, which are enriched for NR recognition motifs. Here we report that CRY1/2 serve as corepressors for many NRs, indicating a new facet of circadian control of NR-mediated regulation of metabolism and physiology, and specifically contribute to diurnal modulation of drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kriebs
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Sabine D Jordan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Erin Soto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Emma Henriksson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Colby R Sandate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Megan E Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Alanna B Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Drew Duglan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Stephanie J Papp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Anne-Laure Huber
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Megan E Afetian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Katja A Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161
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10
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Henriksson E, Huber AL, Soto EK, Kriebs A, Vaughan ME, Duglan D, Chan AB, Papp SJ, Nguyen M, Afetian ME, Lamia KA. The Liver Circadian Clock Modulates Biochemical and Physiological Responses to Metformin. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 32:345-358. [PMID: 28816632 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417710348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes to lower blood glucose. Although metformin is a relatively safe and effective drug, its clinical efficacy is variable and under certain circumstances it may contribute to life-threatening lactic acidosis. Thus, additional understanding of metformin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics could provide important information regarding therapeutic use of this widely prescribed drug. Here we report a significant effect of time of day on acute blood glucose reduction in response to metformin administration and on blood lactate levels in healthy mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that while metformin transport into hepatocytes is unaltered by time of day, the kinetics of metformin-induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver are remarkably altered with circadian time. Liver-specific ablation of Bmal1 expression alters metformin induction of AMPK and blood glucose response but does not completely abolish time of day differences. Together, these data demonstrate that circadian rhythms affect the biological responses to metformin in a complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Henriksson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anne-Laure Huber
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Erin K Soto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anna Kriebs
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Megan E Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Drew Duglan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alanna B Chan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephanie J Papp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Madelena Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Megan E Afetian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Katja A Lamia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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11
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Slooter MD, Bierau K, Chan AB, Löwik CWGM. Near infrared fluorescence imaging for early detection, monitoring and improved intervention of diseases involving the joint. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:153-60. [PMID: 25689091 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1012586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Joints consist of different tissues, such as bone, cartilage and synovium, which are at risk for multiple diseases. The current imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging, Doppler ultrasound, X-ray, computed tomography and arthroscopy, lack the ability to detect disease activity before the onset of anatomical and significant irreversible damage. Optical in vivo imaging has recently been introduced as a novel imaging tool to study the joint and has the potential to image all kinds of biological processes. This tool is already exploited in (pre)clinical studies of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and cancer. The technique uses fluorescent dyes conjugated to targeting moieties that recognize biomarkers of the disease. This review will focus on these new imaging techniques and especially where Near Infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has been used to visualize diseases of the joint. NIR fluorescent imaging is a promising technique which will soon complement established radiological, ultrasound and MRI imaging in the clinical management of patients with respect to early disease detection, monitoring and improved intervention.
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12
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Anthony RM, Schuitema ARJ, Chan AB, Boender PJ, Klatser PR, Oskam L. Effect of secondary structure on single nucleotide polymorphism detection with a porous microarray matrix; implications for probe selection. Biotechniques 2003; 34:1082-6, 1088-9. [PMID: 12765035 DOI: 10.2144/03345dd05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide arrays capable of detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from amplified nucleic acid have many applications. The expected SNP is usually placed approximately in the center of the probe to ensure the maximum shift in Tm between complementary and SNP sequences. Unfortunately, different short probes (< 30 bases) selected using widely accepted criteria do not perform consistently in this type of assay. Here we present a systematic study on the effect of secondary structure on the ability of oligonucleotide probes to detect an SNP, using real-time array monitoring of a porous microarray substrate that incorporates a novel intra-array mixing system. These results demonstrate that, although positioning of an SNP in the middle of the probe is highly destabilizing, the effect of stable secondary structure on the signal obtained is so dramatic that such probes may be very insensitive. Therefore, if the SNP flanking sequence contains significant secondary structure, then more sensitive probes with good specificity may be obtained by positioning the mutation towards one end of the probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Anthony
- KIT Biomedical Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome can be found in many malignant tumors in China. Previous data of interphase cytogenetics, by comparative genomic hybridization and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization, on nasopharyngeal carcinomas and natural killer cell-type non-Hodgkin lymphomas in Hong Kong have noted gains in chromosome 11. This study compares the frequency of chromosome 11 copy number gains in three different types of EBV-associated tumors in Hong Kong. Using alpha-satellite probes, the authors studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization 31 EBV-positive tumors comprising 10 EBV-positive gastric carcinomas, 8 lung lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas, and 13 non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Trisomy or polysomy 11 was detected in 10 of 10 (100%) EBV-positive gastric carcinomas, 6 of 8 (75%) lung lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas, and 4 of 13 (30.8%) non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Compared with the EBV-positive gastric carcinomas, the 10 EBV-negative gastric carcinomas that were also studied showed chromosome 11 copy number gains in 3 of 10 (30%), a significantly lower frequency. The authors conclude that gains in chromosome 11 are common in EBV-associated malignancies in Hong Kong, with the strongest association found in gastric carcinoma. There seems to be differences between EBV-associated tumors of different locations, and between gastric carcinomas with and without EBV.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Aneuploidy
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma/virology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/pathology
- Female
- Gene Dosage
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/virology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplasms/virology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Stomach Neoplasms/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Chan
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT.
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14
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Simpkins SA, Chan AB, Hays J, Pöpping B, Cook N. An RNA transcription-based amplification technique (NASBA) for the detection of viable Salmonella enterica. Lett Appl Microbiol 2000; 30:75-9. [PMID: 10728566 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Possession of mRNA is indicative of cell viability. RTPCR is not appropriate for mRNA detection as it cannot unambiguously detect mRNA in a DNA background. The alternative amplification technique, NASBA, avoids the disadvantages of RTPCR. We have devised a method for detection of viable Salmonella enterica. This involves NASBA amplification of mRNA transcribed from the dnaK gene. Amplification of mRNA extracted from viable and heat-killed cells from the same population produced consistent and highly significant (P > 0.01) differences between the respective signals. The signal obtained from viable cells was completely eradicated by RNase treatment, while PCR amplification of treated and untreated samples was unaffected, indicating that NASBA was unaffected by background DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Simpkins
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, UK
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15
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Chan WY, Wong N, Chan AB, Chow JH, Lee JC. Consistent copy number gain in chromosome 12 in primary diffuse large cell lymphomas of the stomach. Am J Pathol 1998; 152:11-6. [PMID: 9422517 PMCID: PMC1858110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen cases of high grade primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were studied using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. A total of 10 cases of diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) with no histologically identifiable or previous history of low grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma components were examined, four by CGH and validated by FISH, and the remaining six by FISH alone. All 10 tumors showed gains in chromosome 12. Other recurring CGH findings in DLCL included copy number gains of 1q and deletions of 6q. Five cases of high grade tumors with low grade MALT components (HGM) were also examined, three by CGH and validated by FISH and two by FISH only. Only one in five HGM showed gains of chromosome 12. Other recurring CGH findings in HGM included +7q and +11q. We conclude that high grade gastric lymphomas of DLCL type were associated with gains in chromosome 12. The change was much less frequent (P < 0.01) in the HGM type, which had a percentage similar to that observed in previously reported cytogenetics/FISH studies on low grade MALT lymphomas. Our findings suggested that many DLCL were not derived from transformation of low grade MALT lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Chan
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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16
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Chan AB, Chauhan BC, LeBlanc RP, McCormick TA, Shaw AM. Intra- and interrater agreement with cumulative defect curves. J Glaucoma 1997; 6:117-22. [PMID: 9098820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine intra- and interrater agreement when analyzing cumulative defect curves. Cumulative defect (Bebié) curves provide a graphical representation of the visual field and allow a subjective classification of diffuse and localized loss. METHODS We used 75 Humphrey 30-2 visual field tests, randomly chosen from a database of 782 fields of 113 patients with open-angle glaucoma. Cumulative defect curves were generated and randomly arranged into five sets, with each set containing the 75 curves in a unique sequence. Five raters (two experienced and three inexperienced) rated each set and classified each curve as showing diffuse loss, localized loss, both diffuse and localized loss, or no loss. The intra- and interrater agreement in rating the curves was then analyzed. RESULTS Intrarater agreement ranged from 73.3-88.0% for perfect rater agreement, with 5 identical ratings. Agreement for experienced versus inexperienced raters gave similar results (means: 84.0% and 77.8%, respectively, for perfect agreement). Interrater agreement for each set, evaluated by the kappa statistic, was substantial for all 5 sets (0.65-0.71). Kappa values for each set were comparable for experienced and inexperienced raters (0.72-0.83 and 0.59-0.69 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Analyzing the nature of visual field loss using the cumulative defect curve is simple to learn and provides high intrarater agreement as well as substantial interrater agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE The authors determined the frequency of repeatable diffuse loss as the only form of visual field damage in patients with early to moderate open-angle glaucoma in a prospective follow-up study. METHODS The study contained 113 patients (median age, 64 years; range, 17-89 years) who were tested at 6-month intervals with program 30-2 of the Humphrey Field Analyzer (Humphrey Instruments Inc., San Leandro, CA). Although the inclusion criterion for visual acuity was > or = 20/40, on entry, 94 (83.2%) patients had an acuity of > or = 20/25. Cumulative defect curves were generated for all visual fields (median per patient, 7; range, 4-9). After randomizing the order and removing all patient information, two observers independently rated each visual field as being "normal" or showing "diffuse," "localized," or "diffuse and localized" loss. We defined repeatable diffuse loss as occurring when at least two thirds of the number of fields in the follow-up were classified as "diffuse." RESULTS Fourteen patients (12.4%) had repeatable diffuse loss according to the cumulative defect curves. After reviewing their clinical charts, we excluded six of these patients because of early lens changes despite good visual acuity and three because of a suggestion of localized loss (on pattern deviation probability plots) in addition to the predominantly diffuse loss. The remaining five (4.4%) patients had repeatable diffuse loss that was due solely to open-angle glaucoma. CONCLUSION Although diffuse visual field loss is exaggerated by factors other than glaucoma in the majority of patients, it can occur repeatedly in a small number of patients as the only sign of visual field damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Chauhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Chan AB, Allen CN, Simmons NL, Parsons ME, Hirst BH. Resistance to acid of canine kidney (MDCK) and human colonic (T84) and ileo-caecal (HCT-8) adenocarcinoma epithelial cell monolayers in vitro. Q J Exp Physiol 1989; 74:553-6. [PMID: 2798764 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.1989.sp003304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Monolayers of canine kidney (MDCK) and human lower intestinal (T84 and HCT-8) cell lines generated significant transepithelial electrical resistance (700-5000 omega cm2). Electrical integrity was maintained upon acidification of the apical and/or basolateral surfaces to pH 3.0, and this was associated with increased transepithelial electrical resistance, and generation of a potential difference at pH less than 4.5. These results indicate that resistance to acid is a general phenomenon of epithelial layers, and that monolayers of epithelial cells, including those of human origin, are a homogeneous and simple model for studying epithelial barrier function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Chan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Medical School
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