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Peltola J, Colon AJ, Pimentel J, Coenen VA, Gil-Nagel A, Gonçalves Ferreira A, Lehtimäki K, Ryvlin P, Taylor RS, Ackermans L, Ardesch J, Bentes C, Bosak M, Burneo JG, Chamadoira C, Elger CE, Erőss L, Fabo D, Faulkner H, Gawlowicz J, Gharabaghi A, Iacoangeli M, Janszky J, Järvenpää S, Kaufmann E, Kho KH, Kumlien E, Laufs H, Lettieri C, Linhares P, Noachtar S, Parrent A, Pataraia E, Patel NK, Peralta AR, Rácz A, Campos AR, Rego R, Ricciuti RA, Rona S, Rouhl RPW, Schulze-Bonhage A, Schuurman R, Sprengers M, Sufianov A, Temel Y, Theys T, Van Paesschen W, Van Roost D, Vaz R, Vonck K, Wagner L, Zwemmer J, Abouihia A, Brionne TC, Gielen F, Boon PAJM. Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in the MORE Multicenter Patient Registry. Neurology 2023; 100:e1852-e1865. [PMID: 36927882 PMCID: PMC10159763 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000206887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT DBS) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) was demonstrated in the double-blind Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus for Epilepsy randomized controlled trial. The Medtronic Registry for Epilepsy (MORE) aims to understand the safety and longer-term effectiveness of ANT DBS therapy in routine clinical practice. METHODS MORE is an observational registry collecting prospective and retrospective clinical data. Participants were at least 18 years old, with focal DRE recruited across 25 centers from 13 countries. They were followed for at least 2 years in terms of seizure frequency (SF), responder rate (RR), health-related quality of life (Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 31), depression, and safety outcomes. RESULTS Of the 191 patients recruited, 170 (mean [SD] age of 35.6 [10.7] years, 43% female) were implanted with DBS therapy and met all eligibility criteria. At baseline, 38% of patients reported cognitive impairment. The median monthly SF decreased by 33.1% from 15.8 at baseline to 8.8 at 2 years (p < 0.0001) with 32.3% RR. In the subgroup of 47 patients who completed 5 years of follow-up, the median monthly SF decreased by 55.1% from 16 at baseline to 7.9 at 5 years (p < 0.0001) with 53.2% RR. High-volume centers (>10 implantations) had 42.8% reduction in median monthly SF by 2 years in comparison with 25.8% in low-volume center. In patients with cognitive impairment, the reduction in median monthly SF was 26.0% by 2 years compared with 36.1% in patients without cognitive impairment. The most frequently reported adverse events were changes (e.g., increased frequency/severity) in seizure (16%), memory impairment (patient-reported complaint, 15%), depressive mood (patient-reported complaint, 13%), and epilepsy (12%). One definite sudden unexpected death in epilepsy case was reported. DISCUSSION The MORE registry supports the effectiveness and safety of ANT DBS therapy in a real-world setting in the 2 years following implantation. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class IV evidence that ANT DBS reduces the frequency of seizures in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION MORE ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01521754, first posted on January 31, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Peltola
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Albert J Colon
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - José Pimentel
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Volker A Coenen
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio Gil-Nagel
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio Gonçalves Ferreira
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kai Lehtimäki
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Ryvlin
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rod S Taylor
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Ackermans
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Ardesch
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Bentes
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Bosak
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jorge G Burneo
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Clara Chamadoira
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian E Elger
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Loránd Erőss
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dániel Fabo
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Howard Faulkner
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacek Gawlowicz
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alireza Gharabaghi
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Iacoangeli
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jozsef Janszky
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Soila Järvenpää
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Kaufmann
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kuan H Kho
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Kumlien
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Helmut Laufs
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Lettieri
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paulo Linhares
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Soheyl Noachtar
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew Parrent
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina Pataraia
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikunj K Patel
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Rita Peralta
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Attila Rácz
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Rainha Campos
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Rego
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Riccardo A Ricciuti
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Rona
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rob P W Rouhl
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schulze-Bonhage
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Schuurman
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Sprengers
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Sufianov
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Theys
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Van Paesschen
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Van Roost
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rui Vaz
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kristl Vonck
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Wagner
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jack Zwemmer
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Abdallah Abouihia
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas C Brionne
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans Gielen
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A J M Boon
- From the Department of Neurology (J. Peltola, S.J.), Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Finland; Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe/MUMC+ (A.J.C., L.A., R.P.W.R., L.W.), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health (J. Pimentel), Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery (V.A.C.), Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany; Neurology Department (A.G.-N.), Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurosurgery (A.G.F., A.R.C.), Hospital Santa Maria Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (K.L.), Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Finland; Département des Neurosciences Cliniques (P.R.), centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics (R.S.T.), Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow; College of Medicine and Health (R.S.T.), University of Exeter, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurosurgery (L.A., Y.T.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.A.), Zwolle; Neurophysiology Monitoring Unit (C.B.), Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte; Faculdade de Medicina (C.B., A.R.P.), Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Krakow, Poland; Western University (J.G.B., A.P.), London, Ontario, Canada; Neurosurgery Department (C.C., P.L., R.V.), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Epileptology (C.E.E., A.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Germany; National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience (L.E.); Országos Idegtudományi Intézet/National Institute of Neurosciences (D.F.), Budapest, Hungary; North Bristol NHS Trust (H.F.), Bristol, United Kingdom; Wojewodzki Szpital Specjalistyczny w Lublinie (J.G.), Poland; Institute for Neuromodulation and Neurotechnology (A.G.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery (M.I.), Umberto I General University Hospital, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.J.), Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary; Department of Neurology (E. Kaufmann), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) (K.H.K.), Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience (E. Kumlien), Uppsala University, Sweden; Klinik für Neurologie (H.L.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany; Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Unit (C.L.), Department of Neuroscience, "S. Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, Udine, Italy; Klinikum der Universität München (S.N.), Großhadern Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany; Medizinische Universität Wien (E.P.), Austria; Southmead Hospital (N.K.P.), North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom; Laboratory of EEG/Sleep (A.R.P.), Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Portugal; Neurophysiology Unit (R.R.), Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurosurgery (R.A.R.), Viterbo Hospital, Italy; Epilepsy Unit (S.R.), Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University of Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University Medical Centre+; School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (R.P.W.R.), Maastricht University, the Netherlands; University Hospital Freiburg (A.S.-B.), Germany; Amsterdam University Medical Center (R.S.), the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.S.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Federal Centre of Neurosurgery (Tyumen) (A.S.), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; UZ Leuven (T.T.); Department of Neurology (W.V.P.), UZ Leuven; Laboratory for Epilepsy Research (W.V.P.), KU Leuven; Department of Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), and Department of Neurology (K.V., P.A.J.M.B.), Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Belgium; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN) (J.Z.), Heemstede; Clinical Department (A.A., T.C.B.), Medtronic Internal Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland; and Medtronic Bakken Research Center (F.G.), Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Opheim G, van der Kolk A, Markenroth Bloch K, Colon AJ, Davis KA, Henry TR, Jansen JFA, Jones SE, Pan JW, Rössler K, Stein JM, Strandberg MC, Trattnig S, Van de Moortele PF, Vargas MI, Wang I, Bartolomei F, Bernasconi N, Bernasconi A, Bernhardt B, Björkman-Burtscher I, Cosottini M, Das SR, Hertz-Pannier L, Inati S, Jurkiewicz MT, Khan AR, Liang S, Ma RE, Mukundan S, Pardoe H, Pinborg LH, Polimeni JR, Ranjeva JP, Steijvers E, Stufflebeam S, Veersema TJ, Vignaud A, Voets N, Vulliemoz S, Wiggins CJ, Xue R, Guerrini R, Guye M. 7T Epilepsy Task Force Consensus Recommendations on the Use of 7T MRI in Clinical Practice. Neurology 2020; 96:327-341. [PMID: 33361257 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying a structural brain lesion on MRI has important implications in epilepsy and is the most important factor that correlates with seizure freedom after surgery in patients with drug-resistant focal onset epilepsy. However, at conventional magnetic field strengths (1.5 and 3T), only approximately 60%-85% of MRI examinations reveal such lesions. Over the last decade, studies have demonstrated the added value of 7T MRI in patients with and without known epileptogenic lesions from 1.5 and/or 3T. However, translation of 7T MRI to clinical practice is still challenging, particularly in centers new to 7T, and there is a need for practical recommendations on targeted use of 7T MRI in the clinical management of patients with epilepsy. The 7T Epilepsy Task Force-an international group representing 21 7T MRI centers with experience from scanning over 2,000 patients with epilepsy-would hereby like to share its experience with the neurology community regarding the appropriate clinical indications, patient selection and preparation, acquisition protocols and setup, technical challenges, and radiologic guidelines for 7T MRI in patients with epilepsy. This article mainly addresses structural imaging; in addition, it presents multiple nonstructural MRI techniques that benefit from 7T and hold promise as future directions in epilepsy. Answering to the increased availability of 7T MRI as an approved tool for diagnostic purposes, this article aims to provide guidance on clinical 7T MRI epilepsy management by giving recommendations on referral, suitable 7T MRI protocols, and image interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giske Opheim
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Anja van der Kolk
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Karin Markenroth Bloch
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Albert J Colon
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Kathryn A Davis
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Thomas R Henry
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Stephen E Jones
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Jullie W Pan
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Karl Rössler
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Joel M Stein
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Maria C Strandberg
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Isabel Vargas
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Wang
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Boris Bernhardt
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Isabella Björkman-Burtscher
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Mirco Cosottini
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Sandhitsu R Das
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Lucie Hertz-Pannier
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Inati
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Michael T Jurkiewicz
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Ali R Khan
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Shuli Liang
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Ruoyun Emily Ma
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Srinivasan Mukundan
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Heath Pardoe
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Lars H Pinborg
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Jean-Philippe Ranjeva
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Esther Steijvers
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Steven Stufflebeam
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Tim J Veersema
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Alexandre Vignaud
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Natalie Voets
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Serge Vulliemoz
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Christopher J Wiggins
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Rong Xue
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Maxime Guye
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
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