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Mancuso R, Fryatt G, Cleal M, Obst J, Pipi E, Monzón-Sandoval J, Ribe E, Winchester L, Webber C, Nevado A, Jacobs T, Austin N, Theunis C, Grauwen K, Daniela Ruiz E, Mudher A, Vicente-Rodriguez M, Parker CA, Simmons C, Cash D, Richardson J. CSF1R inhibitor JNJ-40346527 attenuates microglial proliferation and neurodegeneration in P301S mice. Brain 2019; 142:3243-3264. [PMID: 31504240 PMCID: PMC6794948 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and microglial activation are significant processes in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Recent genome-wide association studies have highlighted multiple immune-related genes in association with Alzheimer's disease, and experimental data have demonstrated microglial proliferation as a significant component of the neuropathology. In this study, we tested the efficacy of the selective CSF1R inhibitor JNJ-40346527 (JNJ-527) in the P301S mouse tauopathy model. We first demonstrated the anti-proliferative effects of JNJ-527 on microglia in the ME7 prion model, and its impact on the inflammatory profile, and provided potential CNS biomarkers for clinical investigation with the compound, including pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics and efficacy assessment by TSPO autoradiography and CSF proteomics. Then, we showed for the first time that blockade of microglial proliferation and modification of microglial phenotype leads to an attenuation of tau-induced neurodegeneration and results in functional improvement in P301S mice. Overall, this work strongly supports the potential for inhibition of CSF1R as a target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other tau-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Mancuso
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Gemma Fryatt
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Madeleine Cleal
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Juliane Obst
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Elena Pipi
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Jimena Monzón-Sandoval
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Elena Ribe
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Laura Winchester
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Alejo Nevado
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Tom Jacobs
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, box 270, 2340 Beerse 1, Belgium
| | - Nigel Austin
- Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, box 270, 2340 Beerse 1, Belgium
| | - Clara Theunis
- Janssen Neuroscience Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Karolien Grauwen
- Janssen Neuroscience Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Eva Daniela Ruiz
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Amrit Mudher
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Marta Vicente-Rodriguez
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Christine A Parker
- Experimental Medicine Imaging, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Camilla Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jill Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
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Kinsey K, Anderson SJ, Hadjipapas A, Nevado A, Hillebrand A, Holliday IE. Cortical oscillatory activity associated with the perception of illusory and real visual contours. Int J Psychophysiol 2009; 73:265-72. [PMID: 19397939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine the nature of oscillatory brain rhythms when passively viewing both illusory and real visual contours. Three stimuli were employed: a Kanizsa triangle; a Kanizsa triangle with a real triangular contour superimposed; and a control figure in which the corner elements used to form the Kanizsa triangle were rotated to negate the formation of illusory contours. The MEG data were analysed using synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) to enable the spatial localisation of task-related oscillatory power changes within specific frequency bands, and the time-course of activity within given locations-of-interest was determined by calculating time-frequency plots using a Morlet wavelet transform. In contrast to earlier studies, we did not find increases in gamma activity (>30 Hz) to illusory shapes, but instead a decrease in 10-30 Hz activity approximately 200 ms after stimulus presentation. The reduction in oscillatory activity was primarily evident within extrastriate areas, including the lateral occipital complex (LOC). Importantly, this same pattern of results was evident for each stimulus type. Our results further highlight the importance of the LOC and a network of posterior brain regions in processing visual contours, be they illusory or real in nature. The similarity of the results for both real and illusory contours, however, leads us to conclude that the broadband (<30 Hz) decrease in power we observed is more likely to reflect general changes in visual attention than neural computations specific to processing visual contours.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kinsey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, The Wellcome Trust Laboratory for MEG Studies, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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Guo K, Robertson R, Nevado A, Pulgarin M, Mahmoodi S, Young MP. Primary visual cortex neurons that contribute to resolve the aperture problem. Neuroscience 2006; 138:1397-406. [PMID: 16446037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is traditional to believe that neurons in primary visual cortex are sensitive only or principally to stimulation within a spatially restricted receptive field (classical receptive field). It follows from this that they should only be capable of encoding the direction of stimulus movement orthogonal to the local contour, since this is the only information available in their classical receptive field "aperture." This direction is not necessarily the same as the motion of the entire object, as the direction cue within an aperture is ambiguous to the global direction of motion, which can only be derived by integrating with unambiguous components of the object. Recent results, however, show that primary visual cortex neurons can integrate spatially and temporally distributed cues outside the classical receptive field, and so we reexamined whether primary visual cortex neurons suffer the "aperture problem." With the stimulation of an optimally oriented bar drifting across the classical receptive field in different global directions, here we show that a subpopulation of primary visual cortex neurons (25/81) recorded from anesthetized and paralyzed marmosets is capable of integrating informative unambiguous direction cues presented by the bar ends, well outside their classical receptive fields, to encode global motion direction. Although the stimuli within the classical receptive field were identical, their directional responses were significantly modulated according to the global direction of stimulus movement. Hence, some primary visual cortex neurons are not local motion energy filters, but may encode signals that contribute directly to global motion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Guo
- Institute for Neuroscience and Psychology, Brain and Behaviour Group, School of Biology, Henry Wellcome Building for Neuroecology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Torres RJ, Martinez MA, Sancho T, Moreno A, Cabrera R, Aguirre A, Torre A, Nevado A, Puig JG. Serum uric acid levels and microalbuminuria in mild hypertensive patients. Adv Exp Med Biol 2002; 486:135-7. [PMID: 11783470 DOI: 10.1007/0-306-46843-3_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Our goal was to evaluate seasonal blood pressure (BP) changes in patients with mild hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHOD Forty-three hypertensive subjects underwent two clinical examinations in different seasons (summer and winter), separated by a 6 month-interval.Each examination included a 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring. RESULTS Ambulatory diurnal BP was higher in winter that it was in summer(p < 0.01). Seasonal changes were inversely correlated to the body mass index (r = -0.44; p < 0.05, for systolic BP). CONCLUSIONS Ambulatory diurnal BP is subjected to seasonal influences. Seasonal variations of BP habe implications for the clinical management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miquel
- Unidad de Investigación del Area 5 de Madrid. Hospital La Paz y Atención Primaria
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Martínez MA, Moreno A, Aguirre de Cárcer A, Cabrera R, Rocha R, Torre A, Nevado A, Ramos T, Neri J, Antón G, Miranda I, Fernández P, Rodríguez E, Miquel A, Martínez JL, Rodríguez M, Eisman C, Puig JG. Frequency and determinants of microalbuminuria in mild hypertension: a primary-care-based study. J Hypertens 2001; 19:319-26. [PMID: 11212976 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200102000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of microalbuminuria and its relationship with several risk factors and left ventricular mass in a population of mildly hypertensive subjects attended in a primary-care setting. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Eight primary-care centres. PATIENTS Two hundred and twenty-three non-diabetic patients recently diagnosed with mild hypertension were included in the study. None of them had clinical evidence of target-organ damage or had received prior antihypertensive treatment. INTERVENTIONS Subjects included in the study underwent clinical interview, measurement of blood pressure (BP) on three visits, blood analysis, measurement of albumin by immunonephelometry in three overnight urine collections, 24 h BP monitoring and M-mode and Doppler echocardiography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Tobacco habit, clinic BP, body mass index, serum lipids and uric acid, glycaemia, urinary albumin excretion (UAE), ambulatory BP and left ventricular mass index. RESULTS The frequency of microalbuminuria was 7.2%. Microalbuminuric patients were more likely to be men and to be characterized by higher ambulatory BP, body mass index and uric acid levels. Regression analysis demonstrated that male sex and 24 h systolic BP were determinants of UAE. Patients with white-coat hypertension showed lower UAE than did subjects with sustained hypertension. Although a certain relationship between UAE and left ventricular mass index was found, these variables were not significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS A low proportion of mildly hypertensive patients attended in a primary care setting are microalbuminuric. In this population, UAE is an expression of BP values over 24 h and correlates with several risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martínez
- Hospital and Primary Care Research Unit, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
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Nevado A, Turiel A, Parga N. Scene dependence of the non-Gaussian scaling properties of natural images. Network 2000; 11:131-152. [PMID: 10880003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report results on the scaling properties of changes in contrast of natural images in different visual environments. This study confirms the existence, in a vast class of images, of a multiplicative process relating the variations in contrast seen at two different scales, as was found in Turiel et al (Turiel A, Mato G, Parga N and Nadal J-P 1998 Self-Similarity Properties of Natural Images: Proc. NIPS'97 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), Turiel A, Mato G, Parga N and Nadal J-P 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1098-101). But it also shows that the scaling exponents are not universal: even if most images follow the same type of statistics, they do it with different values of the distribution parameters. Motivated by these results, we also present the analysis of a generative model of images that reproduces those properties and that has the correct power spectrum. Possible implications for visual processing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nevado
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Canto Blanco, Spain.
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Martínez MA, Aguirre A, Sánchez M, Nevado A, Laguna I, Torre A, Manuel E, Villar C, García-Puig J. [The determination of arterial pressure by the physician or the nurse: its relation to ambulatory pressure and left ventricular mass. The MAPA-Madrid Group. Monitorización Ambulatoria de la Presión Arterial (Ambulatory Monitoring of Arterial Pressure)]. Med Clin (Barc) 1999; 113:770-4. [PMID: 10680140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study we evaluated the influence of the observer's status--physician or nurse--on blood pressure levels and the relationship among clinic blood pressure measurement with ambulatory blood pressure and left ventricle mass. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cross sectional study performed in seven primary care centers. Participating physicians and nurses were trained for blood pressure measurement prior to the study and subsequently retrained at 3 month intervals during the study. Patients included in the study were 122 subjects with mild to moderate hypertension who underwent the following study protocol: a) measurement of clinic blood pressure by physician and nurse, in an independent fashion, on 3 visits; b) clinic-epidemiologic questionnaire; c) conventional hematological and biochemical study; d) electrocardiogram; e) 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, f) M-mode and Doppler echocardiography (only in 58 subjects). RESULTS Nurse-measured blood pressure levels were higher than those determined by physicians (mean differences: 3.9 [6.7] mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 2.6 [5.4] mmHg in diastolic blood pressure). The blood pressure level differences between the two observers were higher in female patients and subjects with low educational level, independently of the observer's gender. Nurse-measured blood pressure was more closely related to ambulatory blood pressure and left ventricle mass than physician-measured blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Nurse-measured blood pressure levels are lower than those determined by physicians and more closely related to ambulatory blood pressure and left ventricle mass than physician-measured blood pressure. These data support that nurses, instead of doctors, should routinely measure blood pressure in primary care centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación del Area 5 de Madrid, Hospital La Paz.
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Martínez MA, García-Puig J, Martín JC, Guallar-Castillón P, Aguirre de Cárcer A, Torre A, Armada E, Nevado A, Madero RS. Frequency and determinants of white coat hypertension in mild to moderate hypertension: a primary care-based study. Monitorización Ambulatoria de la Presión Arterial (MAPA)-Area 5 Working Group. Am J Hypertens 1999; 12:251-9. [PMID: 10192226 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(98)00262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the previous studies on white coat hypertension were performed in hypertension clinics or academic settings and included relatively small series of patients. Consequently, the prevalence of white coat hypertension in primary care settings and the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of this subgroup of patients are not well known. We performed this study to estimate the frequency of white coat hypertension in a population of mildly to moderately hypertensive subjects attended in a primary care setting and to examine possible epidemiologic and clinical factors that may identify these patients. Patients included in the study underwent clinical interview, measurement of clinic blood pressure (BP) on three visits, determination of serum lipids, glucose, uric acid, and urinary albumin excretion, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, and M-mode and Doppler echocardiography. Patients were classified as white coat hypertensives if their daytime ambulatory BP were < 135/85 mm Hg. We studied 345 patients, 136 (39%) of whom were diagnosed with white coat hypertension. The frequency of white coat hypertension was inversely proportional to the severity of clinic BP values. The diagnosis of white coat hypertension was independently associated with female gender and low educational level. Left ventricular mass index and urinary albumin excretion were lower in the white-coat hypertensive group compared with the group with sustained hypertension. Our results show that a high proportion of patients with mild to moderate hypertension attended in a primary care setting have white coat hypertension. Some clinical characteristics may be helpful in the identification of this group of subjects. White coat hypertensives show less target-organ damage than sustained hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Martínez
- Hospital and Primary Care Research Unit, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
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