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Beurel S, Bachelier JB, Schmidt AR, Sadowski EM. Novel three-dimensional reconstructions of presumed Phylica (Rhamnaceae) from Cretaceous amber suggest Lauralean affinities. Nat Plants 2024; 10:223-227. [PMID: 38278948 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01592-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Beurel
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Julien B Bachelier
- Institute of Biology/Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eva-Maria Sadowski
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany.
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Niekampf M, Meyer P, Quade FSC, Schmidt AR, Salditt T, Bradler S. High disparity in repellent gland anatomy across major lineages of stick and leaf insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea). BMC ZOOL 2024; 9:1. [PMID: 38163865 PMCID: PMC10759571 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-023-00189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phasmatodea are well known for their ability to disguise themselves by mimicking twigs, leaves, or bark, and are therefore commonly referred to as stick and leaf insects. In addition to this and other defensive strategies, many phasmatodean species use paired prothoracic repellent glands to release defensive chemicals when disturbed by predators or parasites. These glands are considered as an autapomorphic trait of the Phasmatodea. However, detailed knowledge of the gland anatomy and chemical compounds is scarce and only a few species were studied until now. We investigated the repellent glands for a global sampling of stick and leaf insects that represents all major phasmatodean lineages morphologically via µCT scans and analyzed the anatomical traits in a phylogenetic context. RESULTS All twelve investigated species possess prothoracic repellent glands that we classify into four distinct gland types. 1: lobe-like glands, 2: sac-like glands without ejaculatory duct, 3: sac-like glands with ejaculatory duct and 4: tube-like glands. Lobe-like glands are exclusively present in Timema, sac-like glands without ejaculatory duct are only found in Orthomeria, whereas the other two types are distributed across all other taxa (= Neophasmatodea). The relative size differences of these glands vary significantly between species, with some glands not exceeding in length the anterior quarter of the prothorax, and other glands extending to the end of the metathorax. CONCLUSIONS We could not detect any strong correlation between aposematic or cryptic coloration of the examined phasmatodeans and gland type or size. We hypothesize that a comparatively small gland was present in the last common ancestor of Phasmatodea and Euphasmatodea, and that the gland volume increased independently in subordinate lineages of the Occidophasmata and Oriophasmata. Alternatively, the stem species of Neophasmatodea already developed large glands that were reduced in size several times independently. In any case, our results indicate a convergent evolution of the gland types, which was probably closely linked to properties of the chemical components and different predator selection pressures. Our study is the first showing the great anatomical variability of repellent glands in stick and leaf insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Niekampf
- Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Paul Meyer
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix S C Quade
- Department of Developmental Biology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Justus-Von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Present address, Institut Für Zelltechnologie, Blücherstraße 63, 18055, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institute for X-Ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Bradler
- Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
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Schmitz A, Kuhn F, Hofmann J, Habre W, Erb T, Preuss M, Wendel-Garcia PD, Weiss M, Schmidt AR. Incidence of adverse respiratory events after adjustment of clear fluid fasting recommendations to 1 h: a prospective, observational, multi-institutional cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:66-75. [PMID: 37953199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative fasting reduces the risk of pulmonary aspiration during anaesthesia, and 2-h fasting for clear fluids has commonly been recommended. Based on recent evidence of shorter fasting times being safe, the Swiss Society of Paediatric Anaesthesia began recommending 1-h fasting for clear fluids in 2018. This prospective, observational, multi-institutional cohort study aimed to investigate the incidence of adverse respiratory events after implementing the new national recommendation. METHODS Eleven Swiss anaesthesia institutions joined this cohort study and included patients aged 0-15 yr undergoing anaesthesia for elective procedures after implementation of the 1-h fasting instruction. The primary outcome was the perioperative (defined as the time from anaesthesia induction to emergence) incidence of pulmonary aspiration, gastric regurgitation, and vomiting. Data are presented as median (inter-quartile range; minimum-maximum) or count (percentage). RESULTS From June 2019 to July 2021, 22 766 anaesthetics were recorded with pulmonary aspiration occurring in 25 (0.11%), gastric regurgitation in 34 (0.15%), and vomiting in 85 (0.37%) cases. No major morbidity or mortality was associated with pulmonary aspiration. Subgroup analysis by effective fasting times (<2 h [n=7306] vs ≥2 h [n=14 660]) showed no significant difference for pulmonary aspiration between these two groups (9 [0.12%] vs 16 [0.11%], P=0.678). Median effective fasting time for clear fluids was 157 [104-314; 2-2385] min. CONCLUSIONS Implementing a national recommendation of 1-h clear fluid fasting was not associated with a higher incidence of pulmonary aspiration compared with previously reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schmitz
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Kuhn
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hofmann
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walid Habre
- Unit for Anaesthesiological Investigation, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Erb
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Preuss
- General Secretary of Association of Swiss Office Based Anaesthesiologists (ASOBA), Joint Office for Outpatient Anesthesia (AGPA) Baden-Dättwil, Switzerland
| | - Pedro D Wendel-Garcia
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Weiss
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University - School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Mills M, Algaze C, Journel C, Suarez G, Lechich K, Kwiatkowski MD, Schmidt AR, Collins RT. Intensive Care Unit Analgosedation After Cardiac Surgery in Children with Williams Syndrome : a Matched Case-Control Study. Pediatr Cardiol 2024; 45:107-113. [PMID: 37882809 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular abnormalities are common in patients with Williams syndrome and frequently require surgical intervention necessitating analgesia and sedation in a population with a unique neuropsychiatric profile, potentially increasing the risk of adverse cardiac events during the perioperative period. Despite this risk, the overall postoperative analgosedative requirements in patients with WS in the cardiac intensive care unit have not yet been investigated. Our primary aim was to examine the analgosedative requirement in patients with WS after cardiac surgery compared to a control group. Our secondary aim was to compare the frequency of major ACE and mortality between the two groups. DESIGN Matched case-control study. SETTING Pediatric CICU at a Tertiary Children's Hospital. PATIENTS Patients with WS and age-matched controls who underwent cardiac surgery and were admitted to the CICU after cardiac surgery between July 2014 and January 2021. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Postoperative outcomes and total doses of analgosedative medications were collected in the first six days after surgery for the study groups. Median age was 29.8 (12.4-70.8) months for WS and 23.5 (11.2-42.3) months for controls. Across all study intervals (48 h and first 6 postoperative days), there were no differences between groups in total doses of morphine equivalents (5.0 mg/kg vs 5.6 mg/kg, p = 0.7 and 8.2 mg/kg vs 10.0 mg/kg, p = 0.7), midazolam equivalents (1.8 mg/kg vs 1.5 mg/kg, p = 0.4 and 3.4 mg/kg vs 3.8 mg/kg, p = 0.4), or dexmedetomidine (20.5 mcg/kg vs 24.4 mcg/kg, p = 0.5 and 42.3 mcg/kg vs 39.1 mcg/kg, p = 0.3). There was no difference in frequency of major ACE or mortality. CONCLUSIONS Patients with WS received similar analgosedative medication doses compared with controls. There was no significant difference in the frequency of major ACE (including cardiac arrest, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and surgical re-intervention) or mortality between the two groups, though these findings must be interpreted with caution. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the adequacy of pain/sedation control, factors that might affect analgosedative needs in this unique population, and the impact on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mills
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 2835 Brandywine Road, Suite 400, 30341, Atlanta, GA, Georgia.
| | - Claudia Algaze
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Chloe Journel
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Geovanna Suarez
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kirstie Lechich
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - M David Kwiatkowski
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - R Thomas Collins
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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Adamson GT, Yu J, Ramamoorthy C, Peng LF, Taylor A, Lennig M, Schmidt AR, Feinstein JA, Navaratnam M. Acute Hemodynamics in the Fontan Circulation: Open-Label Study of Vasopressin. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2023; 24:952-960. [PMID: 37462430 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the acute hemodynamic effect of vasopressin on the Fontan circulation, including systemic and pulmonary pressures and resistances, left atrial pressure, and cardiac index. DESIGN Prospective, open-label, nonrandomized study (NCT04463394). SETTING Cardiac catheterization laboratory at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford. PATIENTS Patients 3-50 years old with a Fontan circulation who were referred to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for hemodynamic assessment and/or intervention. INTERVENTIONS A 0.03 U/kg IV (maximum dose 1 unit) bolus of vasopressin was administered over 5 minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.3 mU/kg/min (maximum dose 0.03 U/min). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Comprehensive cardiac catheterization measurements before and after vasopressin administration. Measurements included pulmonary artery, atrial, and systemic arterial pressures, oxygen saturations, and systemic and pulmonary flows and resistances. There were 28 patients studied. Median age was 13.5 (9.1, 17) years, and 16 (57%) patients had a single or dominant right ventricle. Following vasopressin administration, systolic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) increased by 17.5 (13.0, 22.8) mm Hg ( Z value -4.6, p < 0.001) and 3.8 (1.8, 7.5) Wood Units ( Z value -4.6, p < 0.001), respectively. The pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) decreased by 0.4 ± 0.4 WU ( t statistic 6.2, p < 0.001), and the left atrial pressure increased by 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) mm Hg ( Z value -3.5, p < 0.001). The PVR:SVR decreased by 0.04 ± 0.03 ( t statistic 8.1, p < 0.001). Neither the pulmonary artery pressure (median difference 0.0 [-1.0, 1.0], Z value -0.4, p = 0.69) nor cardiac index (0.1 ± 0.3, t statistic -1.4, p = 0.18) changed significantly. There were no adverse events. CONCLUSIONS In Fontan patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, vasopressin administration resulted in a significant increase in systolic blood pressure, SVR, and left atrial pressure, decrease in PVR, and no change in cardiac index or pulmonary artery pressure. These findings suggest that in Fontan patients vasopressin may be an option for treating systemic hypotension during sedation or general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Adamson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jane Yu
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Chandra Ramamoorthy
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Lynn F Peng
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Anne Taylor
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Michael Lennig
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jeffrey A Feinstein
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Manchula Navaratnam
- Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
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Passon SG, Schmidt AR, Wittmann M, Velten M, Baehner T. Evaluation of continuous ampicillin/sulbactam infusion in critically ill patients. Life Sci 2023; 320:121567. [PMID: 36907327 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Continuous infusion (CI) of beta-lactam-antibiotics may improve pharmacodynamics in critically ill patients, but resulting concentrations have not been studied. Therapeutic drug monitoring is increasingly used to ensure antibiotic concentration. The aim of this study is to evaluate therapeutic ampicillin/sulbactam concentrations of a continuous infusion regimen. METHODS Medical records of all patients admitted to ICU between January 2019 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Each patient received a 2/1 g ampicillin/sulbactam loading dose, followed by a continuous infusion of 8/4 g per 24 h. Ampicillin serum concentrations were measured. Main outcomes were reaching of plasma concentrations breakpoint defined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC at 8 mg/l) and 4-fold MIC (MIC at 32 mg/l) during steady state of CI. RESULTS In 50 patients a total of 60 concentration measurements were performed. The first concentration was measured after a median of 29 h (IQR 21-61 h). Mean ampicillin concentration was 62.6 ± 39.1 mg/l. Furthermore, serum concentrations exceeded the defined MIC breakpoint in all measurements (100 %) and were above the 4-fold MIC in 43 analyses (71.1 %). However, patients suffering from acute kidney injury exhibited significant higher serum concentrations (81.1 ± 37.7 mg/l vs. 38.2 ± 24.8 mg/l; p < 0.001). Also, there was a negative correlation between ampicillin serum concentrations and GFR (r = -0.659; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The described dosing regimen for ampicillin/sulbactam is safe with respect to the defined MIC breakpoints for ampicillin, and continuous subtherapeutic concentration is unlikely. However, with impaired renal function drug accumulation occurs, and with increased renal clearance, drug levels can be below the 4-fold MIC breakpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Passon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Nikolaus Stiftshospital Andernach, Germany
| | - A R Schmidt
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia, Stanford University - School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - M Wittmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - M Velten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.
| | - T Baehner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Nikolaus Stiftshospital Andernach, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
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Beimforde C, Schmidt AR, Tuovila H, Kaulfuss U, Germer J, Lee WG, Rikkinen J. Chaenothecopsis (Mycocaliciales, Ascomycota) from exudates of endemic New Zealand Podocarpaceae. MycoKeys 2023; 95:101-129. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.95.97601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The order Mycocaliciales (Ascomycota) comprises fungal species with diverse, often highly specialized substrate ecologies. Particularly within the genus Chaenothecopsis, many species exclusively occur on fresh and solidified resins or other exudates of vascular plants. In New Zealand, the only previously known species growing on plant exudate is Chaenothecopsis schefflerae, found on several endemic angiosperms in the family Araliaceae. Here we describe three new species; Chaenothecopsis matai Rikkinen, Beimforde, Tuovila & A.R. Schmidt, C. nodosa Beimforde, Tuovila, Rikkinen & A.R. Schmidt, and C. novae-zelandiae Rikkinen, Beimforde, Tuovila & A.R. Schmidt, all growing on exudates of endemic New Zealand conifers of the Podocarpaceae family, particularly on Prumnopitys taxifolia. Phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal DNA regions (ITS and LSU) grouped them into a distinct, monophyletic clade. This, as well as the restricted host range, suggests that all three taxa are endemic to New Zealand. Copious insect frass between the ascomata contain ascospores or show an early stage of ascomata development, indicating that the fungi are spread by insects. The three new species represent the first evidence of Chaenothecopsis from any Podocarpaceae species and the first from any gymnosperm exudates in New Zealand.
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Seyfullah LJ, Roberts EA, Jardine PE, Rikkinen J, Schmidt AR. Uncovering the natural variability of araucariacean exudates from ex situ and in situ tree populations in New Caledonia using FTIR spectroscopy. PeerJ Analytical Chemistry 2022. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj-achem.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Understanding the natural variability of plant resins is crucial for evaluating the chemical information stored in ambers that may support inferring palaeoenvironmental conditions. However, even among extant resin-producing plants, the variation of resinous exudates within and between tree genera and species is still poorly understood.
Methods
We analysed plant exudates from across the Araucariaceae in New Caledonia using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (FTIR-ATR). Both, wild (in situ) and arboretum grown (ex situ) populations were used to uncover the effects of intergeneric, inter- and intraspecific variation of the araucariacean plants on the resin chemistry.
Results
We show that even resins from the same species in the same habitat do have natural (intraspecific) chemical variation. Some of the variation can result from the degree of resin polymerisation, but this is not the only source of variation. Wild sourced resins have greater natural intraspecific chemical variation than the arboretum sourced ones. Interspecific and intergeneric differences were not easy to distinguish in the resins sampled. This has strong implications for the evaluation of the chemical information from worldwide ambers: multiple samples should be analysed to give a more accurate picture of the natural chemical variation present and how this may or may not overlap with the chemistries of other resin types. Additionally we discovered that the Araucariacean species can produce up to three distinct types of exudate (gum, resin, and gum resin). This is the first time that gum resins have been identified and characterized with FTIR-ATR. We also provide a guide on how to distinguish the exudate types when using FTIR-ATR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily A. Roberts
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip E. Jardine
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jouko Rikkinen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most frequent adverse outcome of prematurity. Before implementation of antenatal steroids and surfactant therapy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia was mostly characterized by fibrotic, scarred, and hyper-inflated lungs due to pulmonary injury following mechanical ventilation and oxygen toxicity. With advances in neonatal medicine, this "old" bronchopulmonary dysplasia has changed to a "new" bronchopulmonary dysplasia characterized by an arrest in lung growth, leading to alveolar simplification and pulmonary vascular dysangiogenesis. While the old definition was based on the need for oxygen supplementation at a postnatal age of 28 days or at a corrected gestational age of 36 weeks, the newer definition looks at the mode of respiratory support required (eg, invasive versus noninvasive) and is then graded as mild, moderate, or severe. Patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia may present with significantly impaired pulmonary function, reactive airway disease, or exercise intolerance. Over time, these patients may develop asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The most serious long-term complication is the development of pulmonary vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. Medical treatment often includes diuretics, steroids, bronchodilators, or oxygen supplementation and in the presence of pulmonary hypertension medication to decrease the pulmonary vascular resistance. Perioperative anesthetic risk is increased in children with pulmonary hypertension. These patients might require additional diagnostic imaging and plans for increased resource allocation such as postoperative intensive care admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Schmidt
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Chandra Ramamoorthy
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Leuze C, Zoellner A, Schmidt AR, Cushing RE, Fischer MJ, Joltes K, Zientara GP. Augmented reality visualization tool for the future of tactical combat casualty care. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 91:S40-S45. [PMID: 33938509 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this project was to identify and develop software for an augmented reality application that runs on the US Army Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) to support a medical caregiver during tactical combat casualty care scenarios. In this augmented reality tactical combat casualty care application, human anatomy of individual soldiers obtained predeployment is superimposed on the view of an injured war fighter through the IVAS. This offers insight into the anatomy of the injured war fighter to advance treatment in austere environments.In this article, we describe various software components required for an augmented reality tactical combat casualty care tool. These include a body pose tracking system to track the patient's body pose, a virtual rendering of a human anatomy avatar, speech input to control the application and rendering techniques to visualize the virtual anatomy, and treatment information on the augmented reality display. We then implemented speech commands and visualization for four common medical scenarios including injury of a limb, a blast to the pelvis, cricothyrotomy, and a pneumothorax on the Microsoft HoloLens 1 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA).The software is designed for a forward surgical care tool on the US Army IVAS, with the intention to provide the medical caregiver with a unique ability to quickly assess affected internal anatomy. The current software components still had some limitations with respect to speech recognition reliability during noise and body pose tracking. These will likely be improved with the improved hardware of the IVAS, which is based on a modified HoloLens 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Leuze
- From the Nakamir Inc. (C.L., A.Z., M.J.F.), Palo Alto; Department of Anesthesia (A.R.S.), Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California; US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (R.E.C., K.J., G.P.Z.), Natick, Massachusetts
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Schmidt AR, Fehr J, Man J, D'Souza G, Wang E, Claure R, Mendoza J. Pre-operative fasting times for clear liquids at a tertiary children's hospital; what can be improved? Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2021; 16:266-272. [PMID: 34289299 PMCID: PMC8342827 DOI: 10.17085/apm.21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of preoperative fasting is to prevent pulmonary aspiration during general anesthesia. Fasting times are often prolonged leading to patient discomfort and risk for adverse events. This retrospective quality improvement survey evaluated effective nil-per-os (NPO) times and causes for prolonged NPO times with the aim to suggest improvement strategies by a newly founded fasting task force. Methods Data from all electronic anesthesia records from 2019 at our institution were reviewed for fasting times. Our NPO instructions follow American Society of Anesthesiology guidelines and are calculated based on the patient’s arrival time (90 min before operating room [OR] time). Primary outcome was the effective NPO time for clear liquids, secondary outcomes were incidence of delays and the parental compliance with the NPO instructions. Data are presented as median (interquartile range). Results In total 9,625 cases were included in the analysis. NPO time was documented in 72.1% with a median effective NPO time of 7:13 h (7:36). OR in room times were documented in 72.8%, 2,075 (29.5%; median time 0:10 h [0:21]) were earlier and 4,939 (70.5%; median time 0:29 h [0:54]) were later than scheduled. Parental NPO compliance showed a median deviation for clear liquid intake of 0:55 h (8:30). Conclusions This study revealed that effective NPO times were longer than current ASA guidelines. Contributing causes include case delays and parental non-compliance to NPO instructions. Thus, task force recommendations include change NPO instruction calculations to scheduled OR time versus arrival time, and encourage parents to give their child clear liquids at the instructed time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James Fehr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Janice Man
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve D'Souza
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Claure
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julianne Mendoza
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Schmidt AR, Collins RT, Adusumelli Y, Ramamoorthy C, Weng Y, MacMillen KL, Navaratnam M. Impact of Modified Anesthesia Management for Pediatric Patients With Williams Syndrome. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 35:3667-3674. [PMID: 34049787 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the percent change in systolic blood pressure and the incidence of adverse cardiac events (ACEs; defined as cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, arrhythmias, or ST-segment changes) during anesthesia induction in patients with Williams syndrome (WS) before and after implementation of a perioperative management strategy. DESIGN Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING Single quaternary academic referral center. PARTICIPANTS The authors reviewed the records of all children with WS at the authors' institution who underwent general anesthesia for cardiac catheterization, diagnostic imaging, or any type of surgery between November 2008 and August 2019. The authors identified 142 patients with WS, 48 of whom underwent 118 general anesthesia administrations. A historic group (HG) was compared with the intervention group (IG). INTERVENTIONS Change in perioperative management (three-stage risk stratification: preoperative intravenous hydration, intravenous anesthesia induction, and early use of vasoactives). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The authors determined event rates within 60 minutes of anesthesia induction. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated (SMD >0.2 suggests clinically meaningful difference). Sixty-seven general anesthesia encounters were recorded in the HG (mean age, 4.8 years; mean weight, 16.3 kg) and 51 in the IG (mean age, 6.0 years; mean weight, 18.2 kg). The change in systolic blood pressure was -17.5% (-30.0, -5.0) in the HG versus -9% (-18.0, 5.0) in the IG (p = 0.015; SMD = 0.419), and the incidence of ACEs was 6% in the HG and 2% in the IG (p = 0.542; SMD = 0.207). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative risk stratification, preoperative intravenous hydration, intravenous induction, and early use of continuous vasoactives resulted in greater hemodynamic stability, with a 2% incidence of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Schmidt
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
| | - R Thomas Collins
- Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Yamini Adusumelli
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Chandra Ramamoorthy
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Yingjie Weng
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Kirstie L MacMillen
- Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Manchula Navaratnam
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
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Wang B, Shi G, Xu C, Spicer RA, Perrichot V, Schmidt AR, Feldberg K, Heinrichs J, Chény C, Pang H, Liu X, Gao T, Wang Z, Ślipiński A, Solórzano-Kraemer MM, Heads SW, Thomas MJ, Sadowski EM, Szwedo J, Azar D, Nel A, Liu Y, Chen J, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Luo C, Yu T, Zheng D, Zhang H, Engel MS. The mid-Miocene Zhangpu biota reveals an outstandingly rich rainforest biome in East Asia. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/18/eabg0625. [PMID: 33931457 PMCID: PMC8087408 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
During the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum [MMCO, ~14 to 17 million years (Ma) ago], global temperatures were similar to predicted temperatures for the coming century. Limited megathermal paleoclimatic and fossil data are known from this period, despite its potential as an analog for future climate conditions. Here, we report a rich middle Miocene rainforest biome, the Zhangpu biota (~14.7 Ma ago), based on material preserved in amber and associated sedimentary rocks from southeastern China. The record shows that the mid-Miocene rainforest reached at least 24.2°N and was more widespread than previously estimated. Our results not only highlight the role of tropical rainforests acting as evolutionary museums for biodiversity at the generic level but also suggest that the MMCO probably strongly shaped the East Asian biota via the northern expansion of the megathermal rainforest biome. The Zhangpu biota provides an ideal snapshot for biodiversity redistribution during global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Gongle Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Chunpeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Robert A Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- School of Environment, Earth, and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Vincent Perrichot
- Géosciences Rennes, Université de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Kathrin Feldberg
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Heinrichs
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Department of Biology I and Geobio-Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Cédric Chény
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Géosciences Rennes, Université de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Hong Pang
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Taiping Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Adam Ślipiński
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Mónica M Solórzano-Kraemer
- Department of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sam W Heads
- Center for Paleontology, Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - M Jared Thomas
- Center for Paleontology, Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Sadowski
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacek Szwedo
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology and Museum of Amber Inclusions, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, University of Gdańsk, 80308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dany Azar
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 26110217, Fanar-Matn, Lebanon
| | - André Nel
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université des Antilles, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276826, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Cihang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daran Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Haichun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Michael S Engel
- Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, 1501 Crestline Drive, Suite 140, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA
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Both CP, Diem B, Alonso E, Kemper M, Weiss M, Schmidt AR, Deisenberg M, Thomas J. Rabbit training model for establishing an emergency front of neck airway in children. Br J Anaesth 2021; 126:896-902. [PMID: 33526261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 'cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate' (CICO) situation is rare in paediatric anaesthesia, but can always occur in children under certain emergency situations. There is a paucity of literature on specific procedures for securing an emergency invasive airway in children younger than 6 yr. A modified emergency front of neck access (eFONA) technique using a rabbit cadaver model was developed to teach invasive airway protection in a CICO situation in children. METHODS After watching an instructional video of our eFONA technique (tracheotomy, intubation with Frova catheter over which a tracheal tube is inserted), 29 anaesthesiologists performed two separate attempts on rabbit cadavers. The primary outcome was the success rate and the performance time overall and in subgroups of trained and untrained participants. RESULTS The overall success rate across 58 tracheotomies was 95% and the median performance time was 67 s (95% confidence interval [CI], 56-76). Performance time decreased from the first to the second attempt from 72 s (95% CI, 57-81) to 61 s (95% CI, 50-81). Performance time was 59 s (95% CI, 49-79) for untrained participants and 72 s (95% CI, 62-81) for trained participants. Clinical experience and age of the participants was not correlated with performance time, whereas the length of the tracheotomy incision showed a significant correlation (P=0.006). CONCLUSION This eFONA training model for children facilitates rapid skill acquisition under realistic anatomical conditions to perform an emergency invasive airway in children younger than 2 yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Both
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Diem
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Alonso
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kemper
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Weiss
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Markus Deisenberg
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Thomas
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Schmidt AR, Regalado L, Weststrand S, Korall P, Sadowski EM, Schneider H, Jansen E, Bechteler J, Krings M, Müller P, Wang B, Wang X, Rikkinen J, Seyfullah LJ. Selaginella was hyperdiverse already in the Cretaceous. New Phytol 2020; 228:1176-1182. [PMID: 32282937 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ledis Regalado
- Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Carretera de Varona 11835 e/Oriente y Lindero, La Habana 19, CP 11900, Calabazar, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Stina Weststrand
- Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22A, 413 19, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Petra Korall
- Systematic Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva-Maria Sadowski
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Eva Jansen
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Bechteler
- Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Krings
- SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333, Munich, Germany
- Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Paläontologie und Geobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Amber Study Group, c/o Geological-Palaeontological Museum (CeNak) of the University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jouko Rikkinen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leyla J Seyfullah
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Dal Corso J, Bernardi M, Sun Y, Song H, Seyfullah LJ, Preto N, Gianolla P, Ruffell A, Kustatscher E, Roghi G, Merico A, Hohn S, Schmidt AR, Marzoli A, Newton RJ, Wignall PB, Benton MJ. Extinction and dawn of the modern world in the Carnian (Late Triassic). Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/38/eaba0099. [PMID: 32938682 PMCID: PMC7494334 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic) was a time of global environmental changes and possibly substantial coeval volcanism. The extent of the biological turnover in marine and terrestrial ecosystems is not well understood. Here, we present a meta-analysis of fossil data that suggests a substantial reduction in generic and species richness and the disappearance of 33% of marine genera. This crisis triggered major radiations. In the sea, the rise of the first scleractinian reefs and rock-forming calcareous nannofossils points to substantial changes in ocean chemistry. On land, there were major diversifications and originations of conifers, insects, dinosaurs, crocodiles, lizards, turtles, and mammals. Although there is uncertainty on the precise age of some of the recorded biological changes, these observations indicate that the Carnian Pluvial Episode was linked to a major extinction event and might have been the trigger of the spectacular radiation of many key groups that dominate modern ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Dal Corso
- School of Earth and Environments, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Massimo Bernardi
- MUSE-Science Museum, 38122 Trento, Italy
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - Yadong Sun
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Haijun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Leyla J Seyfullah
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Nereo Preto
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Piero Gianolla
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alastair Ruffell
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Evelyn Kustatscher
- Museum of Nature South Tyrol, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 München, Germany
- SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Guido Roghi
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG-CNR), 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Agostino Merico
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sönke Hohn
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Marzoli
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Robert J Newton
- School of Earth and Environments, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul B Wignall
- School of Earth and Environments, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael J Benton
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK.
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Rikkinen J, Grimaldi DA, Schmidt AR. Morphological stasis in the first myxomycete from the Mesozoic, and the likely role of cryptobiosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19730. [PMID: 31874965 PMCID: PMC6930221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxomycetes constitute a group within the Amoebozoa well known for their motile plasmodia and morphologically complex fruiting bodies. One obstacle hindering studies of myxomycete evolution is that their fossils are exceedingly rare, so evolutionary analyses of this supposedly ancient lineage of amoebozoans are restricted to extant taxa. Molecular data have significantly advanced myxomycete systematics, but the evolutionary history of individual lineages and their ecological adaptations remain unknown. Here, we report exquisitely preserved myxomycete sporocarps in amber from Myanmar, ca. 100 million years old, one of the few fossil myxomycetes, and the only definitive Mesozoic one. Six densely-arranged stalked sporocarps were engulfed in tree resin while young, with almost the entire spore mass still inside the sporotheca. All morphological features are indistinguishable from those of the modern, cosmopolitan genus Stemonitis, demonstrating that sporocarp morphology has been static since at least the mid-Cretaceous. The ability of myxomycetes to develop into dormant stages, which can last years, may account for the phenotypic stasis between living Stemonitis species and this fossil one, similar to the situation found in other organisms that have cryptobiosis. We also interpret Stemonitis morphological stasis as evidence of strong environmental selection favouring the maintenance of adaptations that promote wind dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouko Rikkinen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, 00014, Helsinki, Finland. .,Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - David A Grimaldi
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, 10024-5192, USA
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Dave MH, Kemper M, Schmidt AR, Both CP, Weiss M. Pediatric airway dimensions-A summary and presentation of existing data. Paediatr Anaesth 2019; 29:782-789. [PMID: 31087466 DOI: 10.1111/pan.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related pediatric airway dimension reference values for cricoid, tracheal, and bronchial diameters as well as tracheal and bronchial lengths are essential for distinguishing normal from pathological airway findings and for manufacturing and selecting appropriately sized airway equipment. AIM The aim of this work was to summarize and present existing pediatric airway dimension data for the larynx, trachea, and main stem bronchi from fetus to adolescence. METHODS A systematic literature search was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Publications containing original data on pediatric airway dimensions as mean or median in tabular form and spanning narrow age groups of 1 or 2 years were included in our study. Original data such as diameters, lengths, and cross-sectional areas of trachea, cricoid, left and right main bronchi in fetuses and children were collected and presented as figures. RESULTS Pediatric airway dimension data were gathered and compiled from 15 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained from different measurement methods such as autopsy, chest X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, rigid and flexible bronchoscopy as well as ultrasound examinations. There was considerable variation among age-related data due to biologic heterogeneity, different presentation of data, different definitions, and various measurement techniques. CONCLUSION This investigation revealed heterogeneous data on pediatric airway dimensions, making it impossible to compile them into standard reference values for airway dimensions. New studies with structured and standardized measurements and data presentation in large populations of children are required to provide more valid pediatric airway dimension data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mital H Dave
- Department of Anesthesia and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kemper
- Department of Anesthesia and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesia and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian P Both
- Department of Anesthesia and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Weiss
- Department of Anesthesia and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Kaasalainen U, Kukwa M, Rikkinen J, Schmidt AR. Crustose lichens with lichenicolous fungi from Paleogene amber. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10360. [PMID: 31316089 PMCID: PMC6637111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens, symbiotic consortia of lichen-forming fungi and their photosynthetic partners have long had an extremely poor fossil record. However, recently over 150 new lichens were identified from European Paleogene amber and here we analyse crustose lichens from the new material. Three fossil lichens belong to the extant genus Ochrolechia (Ochrolechiaceae, Lecanoromycetes) and one fossil has conidiomata similar to those produced by modern fungi of the order Arthoniales (Arthoniomycetes). Intriguingly, two fossil Ochrolechia specimens host lichenicolous fungi of the genus Lichenostigma (Lichenostigmatales, Arthoniomycetes). This confirms that both Ochrolechia and Lichenostigma already diversified in the Paleogene and demonstrates that also the specific association between the fungi had evolved by then. The new fossils provide a minimum age constraint for both genera at 34 million years (uppermost Eocene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Kaasalainen
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraβe 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Martin Kukwa
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jouko Rikkinen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O Box 7, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraβe 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schmitz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Seyfullah LJ, Beimforde C, Dal Corso J, Perrichot V, Rikkinen J, Schmidt AR. Production and preservation of resins - past and present. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1684-1714. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyla J. Seyfullah
- Department of Geobiology; University of Göttingen; 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Jacopo Dal Corso
- Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg, Institute for Advanced Study; 27753 Delmenhorst Germany
| | - Vincent Perrichot
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes - UMR 6118; 35000 Rennes France
| | - Jouko Rikkinen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki; 00014 Helsinki Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Helsinki; 00014 Helsinki Finland
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23
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Regalado L, Schmidt AR, Appelhans MS, Ilsemann B, Schneider H, Krings M, Heinrichs J. Publisher Correction: A fossil species of the enigmatic early polypod fern genus Cystodium (Cystodiaceae) in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4272. [PMID: 29511272 PMCID: PMC5840333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ledis Regalado
- Ludwig Maximilian University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biology and Geobio-Center, Menzinger Straße. 67, 80638, Munich, Germany.,Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Carretera de Varona 11835 e/ Oriente y Lindero, La Habana 19, CP 11900, Calabazar, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- University of Göttingen, Department of Geobiology, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc S Appelhans
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bork Ilsemann
- SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.,Natural History Museum, Department of Life Science, London, SW75BD, UK
| | - Michael Krings
- SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333, München, Germany. .,Ludwig Maximilians University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333, München, Germany.
| | - Jochen Heinrichs
- Ludwig Maximilian University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biology and Geobio-Center, Menzinger Straße. 67, 80638, Munich, Germany
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24
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Morgenroth S, Thomas J, Cannizzaro V, Weiss M, Schmidt AR. Accuracy of near-patient vs. inbuilt spirometry for monitoring tidal volumes in an in-vitro paediatric lung model. Anaesthesia 2018; 73:972-979. [PMID: 29492954 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Spirometric monitoring provides precise measurement and delivery of tidal volumes within a narrow range, which is essential for lung-protective strategies that aim to reduce morbidity and mortality in mechanically-ventilated patients. Conventional anaesthesia ventilators include inbuilt spirometry to monitor inspiratory and expiratory tidal volumes. The GE Aisys CS2 anaesthesia ventilator allows additional near-patient spirometry via a sensor interposed between the proximal end of the tracheal tube and the respiratory tubing. Near-patient and inbuilt spirometry of two different GE Aisys CS2 anaesthesia ventilators were compared in an in-vitro study. Assessments were made of accuracy and variability in inspiratory and expiratory tidal volume measurements during ventilation of six simulated paediatric lung models using the ASL 5000 test lung. A total of 9240 breaths were recorded and analysed. Differences between inspiratory tidal volumes measured with near-patient and inbuilt spirometry were most significant in the newborn setting (p < 0.001), and became less significant with increasing age and weight. During expiration, tidal volume measurements with near-patient spirometry were consistently more accurate than with inbuilt spirometry for all lung models (p < 0.001). Overall, the variability in measured tidal volumes decreased with increasing tidal volumes, and was smaller with near-patient than with inbuilt spirometry. The variability in measured tidal volumes was higher during expiration, especially with inbuilt spirometry. In conclusion, the present in-vitro study shows that measurements with near-patient spirometry are more accurate and less variable than with inbuilt spirometry. Differences between measurement methods were most significant in the smallest patients. We therefore recommend near-patient spirometry, especially for neonatal and paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morgenroth
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Thomas
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Cannizzaro
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Weiss
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A R Schmidt
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Regalado L, Schmidt AR, Appelhans MS, Ilsemann B, Schneider H, Krings M, Heinrichs J. Publisher Correction: A fossil species of the enigmatic early polypod fern genus Cystodium (Cystodiaceae) in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar. Sci Rep 2018; 8:448. [PMID: 29311613 PMCID: PMC5758821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ledis Regalado
- Ludwig Maximilian University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biology and Geobio-Center, Menzinger Straße. 67, 80638, Munich, Germany.,Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Carretera de Varona 11835 e/ Oriente y Lindero, La Habana 19, CP 11900, Calabazar, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- University of Göttingen, Department of Geobiology, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc S Appelhans
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bork Ilsemann
- SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333, München, Germany
| | - Harald Schneider
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.,Natural History Museum, Department of Life Science, London, SW75BD, UK
| | - Michael Krings
- SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333, München, Germany. .,Ludwig Maximilians University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333, München, Germany.
| | - Jochen Heinrichs
- Ludwig Maximilian University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Biology and Geobio-Center, Menzinger Straße. 67, 80638, Munich, Germany
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26
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Mohr R, Thomas J, Cannizzaro V, Weiss M, Schmidt AR. Impact of endotracheal tube shortening on work of breathing in neonatal and pediatric in vitro lung models. Paediatr Anaesth 2017; 27:942-948. [PMID: 28653420 DOI: 10.1111/pan.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work of breathing accounts for a significant proportion of total oxygen consumption in neonates and infants. Endotracheal tube inner diameter and length significantly affect airflow resistance and thus work of breathing. While endotracheal tube shortening reduces endotracheal tube resistance, the impact on work of breathing in mechanically ventilated neonates and infants remains unknown. AIM The objective of this in vitro study was to quantify the effect of endotracheal tube shortening on work of breathing in simulated pediatric lung settings. We hypothesized that endotracheal tube shortening significantly reduces work of breathing. METHODS We used the Active-Servo-Lung 5000 to simulate different clinical scenarios in mechanically ventilated infants and neonates under spontaneous breathing with and without pressure support. Endotracheal tube size, lung resistance, and compliance, as well as respiratory settings such as respiratory rate and tidal volume were weight and age adapted for each lung model. Work of breathing was measured before and after maximal endotracheal tube shortening and the reduction of the daily energy demand calculated. RESULTS Tube shortening with and without pressure support decreased work of breathing to a maximum of 10.1% and 8.1%, respectively. As a result, the calculated reduction of total daily energy demand by endotracheal tube shortening was between 0.002% and 0.02%. CONCLUSION In this in vitro lung model, endotracheal tube shortening had minimal effects on work of breathing. Moreover, the calculated percentage reduction of the total daily energy demand after endotracheal tube shortening was minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mohr
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Thomas
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Cannizzaro
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Weiss
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Sadowski EM, Seyfullah LJ, Wilson CA, Calvin CL, Schmidt AR. Diverse early dwarf mistletoes ( Arceuthobium), ecological keystones of the Eocene Baltic amber biota. Am J Bot 2017; 104:694-718. [PMID: 28533204 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Extant dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium M. Bieb., Viscaceae) are hemiparasites with complex roles in nature. They are one of the most severe pests in northern hemisphere conifer forests, but they also enhance the structural complexity and species diversity of the forests. Here, we describe the first pre-Miocene macrofossils of dwarf mistletoes. The fossils from Eocene Baltic amber provide new insights into the morphological evolution of the Arceuthobium lineage and its paleobiogeography. METHODS The amber inclusions were investigated with light microscopy and compared with extant Viscaceae and to historic descriptions of lost Baltic amber fossils with affinities to Viscaceae. KEY RESULTS Six fossil species of the Arceuthobium lineage, A. johnianum comb. nov., A. mengeanum comb. nov., A. conwentzii sp. nov., A. groehnii sp. nov., A. viscoides comb. nov. and A. obovatum sp. nov., occurred in source forests of Baltic amber, representing the oldest macrofossil evidence of dwarf mistletoes. They share morphological features of their bracts, internodes, fruits, and stomata with extant Arceuthobium. Differences from extant dwarf mistletoes, such as the perianth merosity, the nonfusion of squamate bracts and presence of oblanceolate expanded leaves, indicate their affiliation to an ancient lineage of the genus. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of six species of dwarf mistletoes in a single amber deposit suggests Arceuthobium was a keystone taxon of the Baltic amber source area. As in extant conifer forests, they probably influenced the structural complexity of the forest, not only leading to more open woodlands but also increasing species diversity, at least at a microhabitat scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Sadowski
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leyla J Seyfullah
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carol A Wilson
- The University and Jepson Herbaria, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-2465 USA
| | - Clyde L Calvin
- The University and Jepson Herbaria, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building #2465, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-2465 USA
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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28
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Kaasalainen U, Schmidt AR, Rikkinen J. Diversity and ecological adaptations in Palaeogene lichens. Nat Plants 2017; 3:17049. [PMID: 28436942 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lichens are highly specialized symbioses between heterotrophic fungi and photoautotrophic green algae or cyanobacteria. The mycobionts of many lichens produce morphologically complex thalli to house their photobionts. Lichens play important roles in ecosystems and have been used as indicators of environmental change. Here we report the finding of 152 new fossil lichens from European Palaeogene amber, and hence increase the total number of known fossil lichens from 15 to 167. Most of the fossils represent extant lineages of the Lecanoromycetes, an almost exclusively lichen-symbiotic class of Ascomycota. The fossil lichens show a wide diversity of morphological adaptations that attached epiphytic thalli to their substrates, helped to combine external water storage with effective gas exchange and facilitated the simultaneous reproduction and dispersal of both partners in symbiosis. The fossil thallus morphologies suggest that the climate of European Palaeogene amber forests was relatively humid and most likely temperate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Kaasalainen
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraβe 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraβe 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jouko Rikkinen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, FIN-00014 Finland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, FIN-00014 Finland
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29
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Schmidt AR, Ruetzler K, Haas T, Schmitz A, Weiss M. [Estimation of artificial ventilation is impractible]. Anaesthesist 2017; 66:209-210. [PMID: 28160043 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-017-0274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Schmidt
- Anästhesie-Abteilung, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz. .,Forschungszentrum für das Kind, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz.
| | - K Ruetzler
- Institut für Anästhesie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.,Department of General Anesthesiology und Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - T Haas
- Anästhesie-Abteilung, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.,Forschungszentrum für das Kind, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - A Schmitz
- Anästhesie-Abteilung, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.,Forschungszentrum für das Kind, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - M Weiss
- Anästhesie-Abteilung, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.,Forschungszentrum für das Kind, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Engelhardt
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Machotta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Schmitz A, Schmidt AR, Buehler PK, Schraner T, Frühauf M, Weiss M, Klaghofer R, Kellenberger CJ. Gastric ultrasound as a preoperative bedside test for residual gastric contents volume in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2016; 26:1157-1164. [PMID: 27543559 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency situations and conditions with impaired gastric emptying enhance the risk of perioperative pulmonary aspiration due to increased residual gastric contents volume (GCV). Gastric ultrasonographic (US) measurement of the gastric antral cross-sectional area (CSA) has been proposed to estimate preanesthetic GCV. However, only few healthy children and fasted pediatric patients have been investigated so far, predicting GCV with considerable imprecision. This study aimed to compare GCV assessed by US in different patient positions for measuring CSA, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as reference, and to evaluate its potential as diagnostic test. METHODS Healthy volunteer children were examined in a crossover design on 2 days. After baseline examination, they received a light breakfast, followed by 7 ml·kg-1 clear fluid after 2 or 4 h. Gastric emptying was examined with MRI over 4 or 6 h, respectively. US was performed immediately after MRI in right lateral decubital (RLD) and supine with upper body elevated (SUBE) positions. Correlation coefficients (Pearson R; 95%CI) between CSA and body weight corrected GCV (GCVw ) as determined by MRI volumetry were calculated. Data are presented as median (range). RESULTS Eighteen children aged 9.8 (6.8-12.2) years had 72 US examinations completed. CSA was 401 (101-1311) mm2 and 271 (118-582) mm2 , and R between CSA and GCVw was 0.76 (0.76-1) and 0.57 (0.41-0.88) for the RLD and SUBE positions, respectively. The corresponding GCVw was 2.1 (0.1-13.8) ml·kg-1 . A linear regression model from RLD was similar to one previously derived. Bland-Altman analysis and ROC plots are presented. CONCLUSION CSA correlated with GCVw in healthy children over a wide range of gastric filling, with the RLD position clearly superior to the SUBE position, confirming a previously derived formula. Although direct calculation of GCVw is imprecise, this technique has the potential to become a diagnostic risk assessment test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schmitz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp K Buehler
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schraner
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Frühauf
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Weiss
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Klaghofer
- Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian J Kellenberger
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Thiel V, Lausmaa J, Sjövall P, Ragazzi E, Seyfullah LJ, Schmidt AR. Microbe-like inclusions in tree resins and implications for the fossil record of protists in amber. Geobiology 2016; 14:364-373. [PMID: 27027519 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
During the past two decades, a plethora of fossil micro-organisms have been described from various Triassic to Miocene ambers. However, in addition to entrapped microbes, ambers commonly contain microscopic inclusions that sometimes resemble amoebae, ciliates, microfungi, and unicellular algae in size and shape, but do not provide further diagnostic features thereof. For a better assessment of the actual fossil record of unicellular eukaryotes in amber, we studied equivalent inclusions in modern resin of the Araucariaceae; this conifer family comprises important amber-producers in Earth history. Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), we investigated the chemical nature of the inclusion matter and the resin matrix. Whereas the matrix, as expected, showed a more hydrocarbon/aromatic-dominated composition, the inclusions contain abundant salt ions and polar organics. However, the absence of signals characteristic for cellular biomass, namely distinctive proteinaceous amino acids and lipid moieties, indicates that the inclusions do not contain microbial cellular matter but salts and hydrophilic organic substances that probably derived from the plant itself. Rather than representing protists or their remains, these microbe-like inclusions, for which we propose the term 'pseudoinclusions', consist of compounds that are immiscible with the terpenoid resin matrix and were probably secreted in small amounts together with the actual resin by the plant tissue. Consequently, reports of protists from amber that are only based on the similarity of the overall shape and size to extant taxa, but do not provide relevant features at light-microscopical and ultrastructural level, cannot be accepted as unambiguous fossil evidence for these particular groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Thiel
- Geobiology, Geoscience Centre, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Lausmaa
- SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
| | - P Sjövall
- SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
| | - E Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - L J Seyfullah
- Geobiology, Geoscience Centre, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A R Schmidt
- Geobiology, Geoscience Centre, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
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33
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Schmitz A, Schmidt AR, Weiss M, Kellenberger CJ. Comment on 'Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in the fasted pediatric patient undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: development of a predictive model using endoscopically suctioned volumes'. Paediatr Anaesth 2016; 26:566-7. [PMID: 27059419 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schmitz
- Department of Anesthesia, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesia, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Weiss
- Department of Anesthesia, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian J Kellenberger
- Department of Anesthesia, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Schmidt AR, Ulrich L, Seifert B, Albrecht R, Spahn DR, Stein P. Ease and difficulty of pre-hospital airway management in 425 paediatric patients treated by a helicopter emergency medical service: a retrospective analysis. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2016; 24:22. [PMID: 26944389 PMCID: PMC4779199 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-016-0212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-hospital paediatric airway management is complex. A variety of pitfalls need prompt response to establish and maintain adequate ventilation and oxygenation. Anatomical disparity render laryngoscopy different compared to the adult. The correct choice of endotracheal tube size and depth of insertion is not trivial and often challenged due to the initially unknown age of child. Methods Data from 425 paediatric patients (<17 years of age) with any airway manipulation treated by a Swiss Air-Ambulance crew between June 2010 and December 2013 were retrospectively analysed. Endpoints were: 1) Endotracheal intubation success rate and incidence of difficult airway management in primary missions. 2) Correlation of endotracheal tube size and depth of insertion with patient’s age in all (primary and secondary) missions. Results In primary missions, the first laryngoscopy-guided endotracheal intubation attempt was successful in 95.3% of cases, with an overall success rate of 98.6%. Difficult airway management was reported in 10 (4.7%) patients. Endotracheal tube size was frequently chosen inadequately large (overall 50 of 343 patients: 14.6%), especially and statistically significant in the age group below 1 year (19 of 33 patients; p < 0.001). Tubes were frequently and distinctively more deeply inserted (38.9%) than recommended by current formulae. Conclusion Difficult airway management, including cannot intubate and cannot ventilate situations during pre-hospital paediatric emergency treatment was rare. In contrast, the success rate of endotracheal intubation at the first attempt was very high. High numbers of inadequate endotracheal tube size and deep placement according to patient age require further analysis. Practical algorithms need to be found to prevent potentially harmful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lea Ulrich
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhardt Seifert
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Albrecht
- Swiss Air-Ambulance, Rega (Rettungsflugwacht/Guarde Aérienne), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donat R Spahn
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Stein
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Swiss Air-Ambulance, Rega (Rettungsflugwacht/Guarde Aérienne), Zurich, Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Kettunen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Diederich
- National Museum of Natural History, 25 rue Munster, L-2160, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Heinrich Grabenhorst
- Amber Study Group, c/o Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum of the University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jouko Rikkinen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
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Haas T, Spielmann N, Restin T, Schmidt AR, Schmugge M, Cushing MM. Economic aspects of intraoperative coagulation management targeting higher fibrinogen concentrations during major craniosynostosis surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 2016; 26:77-83. [PMID: 26457895 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results of a previously published study demonstrated a significant decrease in transfusion requirements and calculated blood loss for pediatric major craniosynostosis surgery, if a ROTEM(®) FIBTEM trigger of <13 mm (early substitution group) was applied as compared to a trigger of <8 mm (conventional group). The aim of this study was a posthoc analysis of the costs for this coagulation management. METHODS The total volume as well as the number of units or bags for all transfused blood products and coagulation factors were recorded for each case. The number of laboratory and point-of-care coagulation tests was also analyzed. Total blood product costs were calculated according to the local prices per unit. RESULTS The total cost for all transfused/administered blood products/coagulation factors per patient was a median of 1023EUR (IQR 850EUR-1058EUR) in the early substitution group as compared to a median of 910EUR (IQR 719EUR-1351EUR) in the conventional group (P = 0.81). No difference in the number of coagulation tests performed was observed. CONCLUSION In this study, the use of a higher fibrinogen trigger was not linked to a significant increase in total costs for transfused blood products and coagulation factors, and may offer an economically equivalent approach to coagulation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Haas
- Department of Anesthesia, Zurich University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nelly Spielmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Zurich University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Restin
- Department of Anesthesia, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesia, Zurich University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schmugge
- Department of Hematology, Zurich University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melissa M Cushing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Heinrichs J, Scheben A, Lee GE, Váňa J, Schäfer-Verwimp A, Krings M, Schmidt AR. Molecular and Morphological Evidence Challenges the Records of the Extant Liverwort Ptilidium pulcherrimum in Eocene Baltic Amber. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140977. [PMID: 26536603 PMCID: PMC4633292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation of liverworts in amber, a fossilized tree resin, is often exquisite. Twenty-three fossil species of liverworts have been described to date from Eocene (35–50 Ma) Baltic amber. In addition, two inclusions have been assigned to the extant species Ptilidium pulcherrimum (Ptilidiales or Porellales). However, the presence of the boreal P. pulcherrimum in the subtropical or warm-temperate Baltic amber forest challenges the phytogeographical interpretation of the Eocene flora. A re-investigation of one of the fossils believed to be P. pulcherrimum reveals that this specimen in fact represents the first fossil evidence of the genus Tetralophozia, and thus is re-described here as Tetralophozia groehnii sp. nov. A second fossil initially assigned to P. pulcherrimum is apparently lost, and can be reassessed only based on the original description and illustrations. This fossil is morphologically similar to the extant North Pacific endemic Ptilidium californicum, rather than P. pulcherrimum. Divergence time estimates based on chloroplast DNA sequences provide evidence of a Miocene origin of P. pulcherrimum, and thus also argue against the presence of this taxon in the Eocene. Ptilidium californicum originated 25–43 Ma ago. As a result, we cannot rule out that the Eocene fossil belongs to P. californicum. Alternatively, the fossil might represent a stem lineage element of Ptilidium or an early crown group species with morphological similarities to P. californicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Heinrichs
- Department of Biology and Geobio-Center, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (JH); (ARS)
| | - Armin Scheben
- Department of Biology and Geobio-Center, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Gaik Ee Lee
- Department of Biology and Geobio-Center, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jiří Váňa
- Department of Botany, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michael Krings
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Munich (LMU), and Bavarian State Collection for Palaeontology and Geology, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander R. Schmidt
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (JH); (ARS)
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Seyfullah LJ, Sadowski EM, Schmidt AR. Species-level determination of closely related araucarian resins using FTIR spectroscopy and its implications for the provenance of New Zealand amber. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1067. [PMID: 26157631 PMCID: PMC4493646 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some higher plants, both angiosperms and gymnosperms, can produce resins and some of these resins can polymerize and fossilize to form ambers. Various physical and chemical techniques have been used to identify and profile different plant resins and have then been applied to fossilized resins (ambers), to try to detect their parent plant affinities and understand the process of polymerization, with varying levels of success. Here we focus on resins produced from today's most resinous conifer family, the Araucariaceae, which are thought to be the parent plants of some of the Southern Hemisphere's fossil resin deposits. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the resins of closely related Araucariaceae species were examined to test whether they could be distinguished at genus and species level and whether the results could then be used to infer the parent plant of a New Zealand amber. The resin FTIR spectra are distinguishable from each other, and the three Araucaria species sampled produced similar FTIR spectra, to which Wollemia resin is most similar. Interspecific variability of the FTIR spectra is greatest in the three Agathis species tested. The New Zealand amber sample is similar in key shared features with the resin samples, but it does differ from the extant resin samples in key distinguishing features, nonetheless it is most similar to the resin of Agathis australis in this dataset. However on comparison with previously published FTIR spectra of similar aged amber and older (Eocene) resinites both found in coals from New Zealand and fresh Agathis australis resin, our amber has some features that imply a relatively immature resin, which was not expected from an amber of the Miocene age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla J Seyfullah
- Department of Geobiology, University of Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
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Abstract
Preoperative fasting is essential to reduce the risk of a perioperative pulmonary aspiration in patients undergoing anaesthesia for elective surgery. Evidence and expert opinion-based guidelines suggest two, four and six hours of fasting for clear fluids, breast milk and light meals/non-clear fluids respectively to improve anaesthesia safety, patient's comfort and homeostasis. Prolonged fasting is observed in daily clinical routine but should be prevented since there are no benefits. Abnormal gastric emptying has an impact on preoperative fasting times and the choice of the anaesthesia technique. A safe anaesthesia technique is most important since gastric emptying differs in patients and there is no guarantee that the stomach is empty after fasting according to guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schmitz
- Anästhesieabteilung, Universitätskinderklinik Zürich
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Lóriga J, Schmidt AR, Moran RC, Feldberg K, Schneider H, Heinrichs J. The first fossil of a bolbitidoid fern belongs to the early-divergent lineages of Elaphoglossum (Dryopteridaceae). Am J Bot 2014; 101:1466-1475. [PMID: 25253707 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Closing gaps in the fossil record and elucidating phylogenetic relationships of mostly incomplete fossils are major challenges in the reconstruction of the diversification of fern lineages through time. The cosmopolitan family Dryopteridaceae represents one of the most species-rich families of leptosporangiate ferns, yet its fossil record is sparse and poorly understood. Here, we describe a fern inclusion in Miocene Dominican amber and investigate its relationships to extant Dryopteridaceae.• METHODS The morphology of the fossil was compared with descriptions of extant ferns, resulting in it being tentatively assigned to the bolbitidoid fern genus Elaphoglossum. This assignment was confirmed by reconstructing the evolution of the morphological characters preserved in the inclusion on a molecular phylogeny of 158 extant bolbitidoid ferns. To assess the morphology-based assignment of the fossil to Elaphoglossum, we examined DNA-calibrated divergence time estimates against the age of the amber deposits from which it came.• KEY RESULTS The fossil belongs to Elaphoglossum and is the first of a bolbitidoid fern. Its assignment to a particular section of Elaphoglossum could not be determined; however, sects. Lepidoglossa, Polytrichia, and Setosa can be discounted because the fossil lacks subulate scales or scales with acicular marginal hairs. Thus, the fossil might belong to either sects. Amygdalifolia, Wrightiana, Elaphoglossum, or Squamipedia or to an extinct lineage.• CONCLUSIONS The discovery of a Miocene Elaphoglossum fossil provides remarkable support to current molecular clock-based estimates of the diversification of these ferns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josmaily Lóriga
- University of Munich (LMU), Systematic Botany and Mycology, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- University of Göttingen, Courant Research Centre Geobiology, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robbin C Moran
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458-5126 USA
| | - Kathrin Feldberg
- University of Munich (LMU), Systematic Botany and Mycology, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Heinrichs
- University of Munich (LMU), Systematic Botany and Mycology, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany
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Feldberg K, Schneider H, Stadler T, Schäfer-Verwimp A, Schmidt AR, Heinrichs J. Epiphytic leafy liverworts diversified in angiosperm-dominated forests. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5974. [PMID: 25099137 PMCID: PMC4124468 DOI: 10.1038/srep05974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have provided evidence for pulses in the diversification of angiosperms, ferns, gymnosperms, and mosses as well as various groups of animals during the Cretaceous revolution of terrestrial ecosystems. However, evidence for such pulses has not been reported so far for liverworts. Here we provide new insight into liverwort evolution by integrating a comprehensive molecular dataset with a set of 20 fossil age constraints. We found evidence for a relative constant diversification rate of generalistic liverworts (Jungermanniales) since the Palaeozoic, whereas epiphytic liverworts (Porellales) show a sudden increase of lineage accumulation in the Cretaceous. This difference is likely caused by the pronounced response of Porellales to the ecological opportunities provided by humid, megathermal forests, which were increasingly available as a result of the rise of the angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Feldberg
- Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80638 München, Germany
| | - Harald Schneider
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW75BD, United Kingdom
| | - Tanja Stadler
- Department of Biosystems Science &Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Heinrichs
- Systematische Botanik und Mykologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80638 München, Germany
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Beimforde C, Feldberg K, Nylinder S, Rikkinen J, Tuovila H, Dörfelt H, Gube M, Jackson DJ, Reitner J, Seyfullah LJ, Schmidt AR. Estimating the Phanerozoic history of the Ascomycota lineages: combining fossil and molecular data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 78:386-98. [PMID: 24792086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The phylum Ascomycota is by far the largest group in the fungal kingdom. Ecologically important mutualistic associations such as mycorrhizae and lichens have evolved in this group, which are regarded as key innovations that supported the evolution of land plants. Only a few attempts have been made to date the origin of Ascomycota lineages by using molecular clock methods, which is primarily due to the lack of satisfactory fossil calibration data. For this reason we have evaluated all of the oldest available ascomycete fossils from amber (Albian to Miocene) and chert (Devonian and Maastrichtian). The fossils represent five major ascomycete classes (Coniocybomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Laboulbeniomycetes, and Lecanoromycetes). We have assembled a multi-gene data set (18SrDNA, 28SrDNA, RPB1 and RPB2) from a total of 145 taxa representing most groups of the Ascomycota and utilized fossil calibration points solely from within the ascomycetes to estimate divergence times of Ascomycota lineages with a Bayesian approach. Our results suggest an initial diversification of the Pezizomycotina in the Ordovician, followed by repeated splits of lineages throughout the Phanerozoic, and indicate that this continuous diversification was unaffected by mass extinctions. We suggest that the ecological diversity within each lineage ensured that at least some taxa of each group were able to survive global crises and rapidly recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Beimforde
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Feldberg
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Faculty of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Nylinder
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jouko Rikkinen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Tuovila
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heinrich Dörfelt
- Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Gube
- Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Büsgen Institute, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Jackson
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Reitner
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leyla J Seyfullah
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Heinrichs J, Dong S, Schäfer-Verwimp A, Pócs T, Feldberg K, Czumaj A, Schmidt AR, Reitner J, Renner MAM, Hentschel J, Stech M, Schneider H. Molecular phylogeny of the leafy liverwort Lejeunea (Porellales): evidence for a neotropical origin, uneven distribution of sexual systems and insufficient taxonomy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82547. [PMID: 24367522 PMCID: PMC3867362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lejeunea is a largely epiphytic, subcosmopolitan liverwort genus with a complex taxonomic history. Species circumscriptions and their relationships are subject to controversy; biogeographic history and diversification through time are largely unknown. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS We employed sequences of two chloroplast regions (trnL-trnF, rbcL) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region of 332 accessions to explore the phylogeny of the Harpalejeunea-Lejeunea-Microlejeunea complex. Lejeunea forms a well-supported clade that splits into two main lineages corresponding to L. subg. Lejeunea and L. subg. Crossotolejeunea. Neotropical accessions dominate early diverging lineages of both main clades of Lejeunea. This pattern suggests an origin in the Neotropics followed by several colonizations from the Neotropics into the Paleotropics and vice versa. Most Afro-Madagascan clades are related to Asian clades. Several temperate Lejeunea radiations were detected. Eighty two of the 91 investigated Lejeunea species could be identified to species level. Of these 82 species, 54 were represented by multiple accessions (25 para- or polyphyletic, 29 monophyletic). Twenty nine of the 36 investigated species of L. subg. Lejeunea were monoicous and 7 dioicous. Within L. subg. Crossotolejeunea, 15 of the 46 investigated species were monoicous and 31 dioicous. Some dioicous as well as some monoicous species have disjunct ranges. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We present the first global phylogeny of Lejeunea and the first example of a Neotropical origin of a Pantropical liverwort genus. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the Neotropics as a cradle of Lejeunea lineages and detect post-colonization radiations in Asia, Australasia, Afro-Madagascar and Europe. Dioicy/monoicy shifts are likely non-randomly distributed. The presented phylogeny points to the need of integrative taxonomical studies to clarify many Lejeunea binomials. Most importantly, it provides a framework for future studies on the diversification of this lineage in space and time, especially in the context of sexual systems in Lejeuneaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Heinrichs
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Tamás Pócs
- Botany Department, Institute of Biology, Eszterházy College, Eger, Hungary
| | - Kathrin Feldberg
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Reitner
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Joern Hentschel
- Department of Systematic Botany with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Stech
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Dong S, Schäfer-Verwimp A, Meinecke P, Feldberg K, Bombosch A, Pócs T, Schmidt AR, Reitner J, Schneider H, Heinrichs J. Tramps, narrow endemics and morphologically cryptic species in the epiphyllous liverwort Diplasiolejeunea. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 65:582-94. [PMID: 22842092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Dong
- Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Heinrichs J, Bombosch A, Feldberg K, Kreier HP, Hentschel J, Eckstein J, Long D, Zhu RL, Schäfer-Verwimp A, Schmidt AR, Shaw B, Shaw AJ, Váňa J. A phylogeny of the northern temperate leafy liverwort genus Scapania (Scapaniaceae, Jungermanniales). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 62:973-85. [PMID: 22155360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Scapania is a northern temperate genus with a few disjunctions in the south. Despite receiving considerable attention, the supraspecific classification of this genus remains unsatisfactorily solved. We use three molecular markers (nrITS, cpDNA trnL-F region, atpB-rbcL spacer) and 175 accessions belonging to 50 species (plus eight outgroup taxa) to estimate the phylogeny and to test current classification systems. Our data support the classification of Scapania into six rather than three subgenera, rearrangements within numerous sections, and inclusion of Macrodiplophyllum microdontum. Scapania species with a plicate perianth form three early diverging lineages; the most speciose subgenus, Scapania s.str., represents a derived clade. Most morphological species concepts are supported by the molecular topologies but classification of sect. Curtae requires further study. Southern lineages are nested in northern hemispheric clades. Palearctic-Nearctic distribution ranges are supported for several species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Heinrichs
- Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg August University, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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Beimforde C, Schäfer N, Dörfelt H, Nascimbene PC, Singh H, Heinrichs J, Reitner J, Rana RS, Schmidt AR. Ectomycorrhizas from a Lower Eocene angiosperm forest. New Phytol 2011; 192:988-996. [PMID: 22074339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of mycorrhizal associations is considered a key innovation that enabled vascular plants to extensively colonize terrestrial habitats. Here, we present the first known fossil ectomycorrhizas from an angiosperm forest. Our fossils are preserved in a 52 million-yr-old piece of amber from the Tadkeshwar Lignite Mine of Gujarat State, western India. The amber was produced by representatives of Dipterocarpaceae in an early tropical broadleaf forest. The ectomycorrhizas were investigated using light microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Dissolving the amber surrounding one of the fossils allowed ultrastructural analyses and Raman spectroscopy. Approx. 20 unramified, cruciform and monopodial-pinnate ectomycorrhizas are fossilized adjacent to rootlets, and different developmental stages of the fossil mycorrhizas are delicately preserved in the ancient resin. Compounds of melanins were detectable in the dark hyphae. The mycobiont, Eomelanomyces cenococcoides gen. et spec. nov., is considered to be an ascomycete; the host is most likely a dipterocarp representative. An early ectomycorrhizal association may have conferred an evolutionary advantage on dipterocarps. Our find indicates that ectomycorrhizas occurred contemporaneously within both gymnosperms (Pinaceae) and angiosperms (Dipterocarpaceae) by the Lower Eocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Beimforde
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Schäfer
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Dörfelt
- Mikrobielle Phytopathologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Paul C Nascimbene
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street at Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Hukam Singh
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Jochen Heinrichs
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Abteilung Systematische Botanik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Reitner
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rajendra S Rana
- Department of Geology, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar 246174, India
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Heinrichs J, Kreier HP, Feldberg K, Schmidt AR, Zhu RL, Shaw B, Shaw AJ, Wissemann V. Formalizing morphologically cryptic biological entities: new insights from DNA taxonomy, hybridization, and biogeography in the leafy liverwort Porella platyphylla (Jungermanniopsida, Porellales). Am J Bot 2011; 98:1252-62. [PMID: 21788532 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Recognition and formalization of morphologically cryptic species is a major challenge to modern taxonomy. An extreme example in this regard is the Holarctic Porella platyphylla s.l. (P. platyphylla plus P. platyphylloidea). Earlier studies demonstrated the presence of three isozyme groups and two molecular lineages. The present investigation was carried out to elucidate the molecular diversity of P. platyphylla s.l. and the distribution of its main clades, and to evaluate evidence for the presence of one vs. several species. METHODS We obtained chloroplast (atpB-rbcL, trnL-trnF) and nuclear ribosomal (ITS) DNA sequences from 101 Porella accessions (P. platyphylla s.l., P. × baueri, P. cordaeana, P. bolanderi, plus outgroup species) to estimate the phylogeny using parsimony and likelihood analyses. To facilitate the adoption of Linnean nomenclature for molecular lineages, we chose a DNA voucher as epitype. KEY RESULTS Phylogenies derived from chloroplast vs. nuclear data were congruent except for P. platyphylla s.l., including a North American lineage that was placed sister to P. cordaeana in the chloroplast DNA phylogeny but sister to the Holarctic P. platyphylla s.str. in the nuclear DNA phylogeny. European and North American accessions of P. cordaeana and P. platyphylla form sister clades. CONCLUSIONS The genetic structure of P. platyphylla s.l. reflects morphologically cryptic or near cryptic speciation into Holarctic P. platyphylla s.str. and North American P. platyphylloidea. The latter species is possibly an ancient hybrid resulting from crossings of P. cordaeana and P. platyphylla s.str. and comprises several distinct molecular entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Heinrichs
- Department of Systematic Botany, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute of Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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Schmidt AR, Dörfelt H, Struwe S, Perrichot V. Evidence for fungivory in Cretaceous amber forests from Gondwana and Laurasia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1127/palb/283/2010/157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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