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Zhou J, Gube M, Holz M, Song B, Shan I, Shi L, Kuzyakov Y, Dippold MA, Pausch J. Ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal rhizosphere fungi increase root-derived C input to soil and modify enzyme activities: A 14 C pulse labelling of Picea abies seedlings. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:3122-3133. [PMID: 35909089 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Consequences of interactions between ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) and non-mycorrhizal rhizosphere fungi (NMRF) for plant carbon (C) allocation belowground and nutrient cycling in soil remain unknown. To address this topic, we performed a mesocosm study with Norway spruce seedlings [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst] inoculated with EcMF, NMRF, or a mixture of both (MIX). 14 CO2 pulse labelling of spruce was applied to trace and visualize the 14 C incorporation into roots, rhizohyphosphere and hyphosphere. Activities and localization of enzymes involved in the C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling were visualized using zymography. Spruce seedlings inoculated with EcMF and NMRF allocated more C to soils (EcMF: 10.7%; NMRF: 3.5% of total recovered C) compared to uninoculated control seedlings. The 14 C activity in the hyphosphere was highest for EcMF and lowest for NMRF. In the presence of both, NMRF and EcMF (MIX), the 14 C activity was 64% lower compared with EcMF inoculation alone. This suggests a suppressed C allocation via EcMF likely due to the competition between EcMF and NMRF for N and P. Furthermore, we observed 57% and 49% higher chitinase and leucine-aminopeptidase activities in the rhizohyphosphere of EcMF compared to the uninoculated control, respectively. In contrast, β-glucosidase activity (14.3 nmol cm-2 h-1 ) was highest in NMRF likely because NMRF consumed rhizodeposits efficiently. This was further supported by that enzyme stoichiometry in soil with EcMF shifted to a higher investment of nutrient acquisition enzymes (e.g., chitinase, leucine-aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase) compared to NMRF inoculation, where investment in β-glucosidase increased. In conclusion, the alleviation of EcMF from C limitation promotes higher activities of enzymes involved in the N and P cycle to cover the nutrient demand of EcMF and host seedlings. In contrast, C limitation of NMRF probably led to a shift in investment towards higher activities of enzymes involved in the C cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Department of Crop Science, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Matthias Gube
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maire Holz
- Group of Isotope Biogeochemistry and Gas Fluxes, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V., Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Bin Song
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Immo Shan
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lingling Shi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory For Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Agro-Technological Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Michaela A Dippold
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Department of Crop Science, Georg August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Pausch
- Department of Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Lee J, Shi YM, Grün P, Gube M, Feldbrügge M, Bode H, Hennicke F. Identification of Feldin, an Antifungal Polyyne from the Beefsteak Fungus Fistulina hepatica. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111502. [PMID: 33142735 PMCID: PMC7692509 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruiting body-forming members of the Basidiomycota maintain their ecological fitness against various antagonists like ascomycetous mycoparasites. To achieve that, they produce myriads of bioactive compounds, some of which are now being used as agrochemicals or pharmaceutical lead structures. Here, we screened ethyl acetate crude extracts from cultures of thirty-five mushroom species for antifungal bioactivity, for their effect on the ascomycete Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the basidiomycete Ustilago maydis. One extract that inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae much stronger than that of U. maydis was further analyzed. For bioactive compound identification, we performed bioactivity-guided HPLC/MS fractionation. Fractions showing inhibition against S. cerevisiae but reduced activity against U. maydis were further analyzed. NMR-based structure elucidation from one such fraction revealed the polyyne we named feldin, which displays prominent antifungal bioactivity. Future studies with additional mushroom-derived eukaryotic toxic compounds or antifungals will show whether U. maydis could be used as a suitable host to shortcut an otherwise laborious production of such mushroom compounds, as could recently be shown for heterologous sesquiterpene production in U. maydis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungho Lee
- Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Bioeconomy Science Centre, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Yi-Ming Shi
- Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Y.-M.S.); (P.G.); (H.B.)
| | - Peter Grün
- Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Y.-M.S.); (P.G.); (H.B.)
| | - Matthias Gube
- Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Michael Feldbrügge
- Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Bioeconomy Science Centre, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany; (J.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Helge Bode
- Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (Y.-M.S.); (P.G.); (H.B.)
- Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian Hennicke
- Project Group Genetics and Genomics of Fungi, Chair Evolution of Plants and Fungi, Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Dinter T, Geihser S, Gube M, Daniel R, Kuzyakov Y. Impact of sea level change on coastal soil organic matter, priming effects and prokaryotic community assembly. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5551479. [PMID: 31425573 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt marshes are coastal areas storing high amounts of soil organic matter (SOM) while simultaneously being prone to tidal changes. Here, SOM-decomposition and accompanied priming effects (PE), which describe interactions between labile and old SOM, were studied under controlled flooding conditions. Soil samples from two Wadden Sea salt marsh zones, pioneer (Pio), flooded two times/day, and lower salt marsh (Low), flooded ∼eight times/month, were measured for 56 days concerning CO2-efflux and prokaryotic community shifts during three different inundation-treatments: total-drained (Drained), all-time-flooded (Waterlogged) or temporal-flooding (Tidal). Priming was induced by 14C-glucose addition. CO2-efflux from soil followed Low>Pio and Tidal>Drained>Waterlogged, likely due to O2-depletion and moisture maintenance, two key factors governed by tidal inundation with regard to SOM mineralisation. PEs in both zones were positive (Drained) or absent (Waterlogged, Tidal), presumably as a result of prokaryotes switching from production of extracellular enzymes to direct incorporation of labile C. A doubled amount of prokaryotic biomass in Low compared to Pio probably induced higher chances of cometabolic effects and higher PE. 16S-rRNA-gene-amplicon-based analysis revealed differences in bacterial and archaeal community composition between both zones, revealing temporal niche adaptation with flooding treatment. Strongest alterations were found in Drained, likely due to inundation-mediated changes in C-binding capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dinter
- Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simone Geihser
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077 Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gube
- Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077 Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Germany
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Loizides M, Alvarado P, Polemis E, Dimou DM, Zervakis GI, Thines M, Telle S, Konstantinou G, Gube M. Multiple evolutionary origins of sequestrate species in the agaricoid genus Chlorophyllum. Mycologia 2020; 112:400-422. [PMID: 32150520 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1712179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyllum accommodates lamellate agaricoid species as well as sequestrate angiocarpic taxa, which do not form a monophyletic lineage within the genus. To clarify phylogenetic affinities and delimit species boundaries among sequestrate representatives of the genus, we analyzed historical and contemporary material from a broad geographic range, encompassing North America, southern Africa, eastern Asia, the Greek and Iberian peninsulas, and the Mediterranean islands of Cyprus and Lesvos. Six sequestrate lineages of Chlorophyllum were identified, which appear to have evolved in at least three independent gasteromycetation events. Multigene analysis of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and portions of the nuc 28S rDNA (28S), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1) genes revealed the presence of a previously undescribed species, introduced here as Chlorophyllum levantinum, sp. nov. Its sister species C. lusitanicum, previously known only from Spain, is shown to have a wider distribution throughout the Mediterranean basin. A South African collection of Secotium gueinzii, a poorly known taxon described in 1840 and seldom appearing in literature since, was also shown to nest within Chlorophyllum. An epitype for this rare species is designated, Secotium becomes a priority synonym of Chlorophyllum, and nomenclatural implications are discussed. The phylogenetic placement of C. arizonicum is confirmed after successful sequencing of the century-old holotype and an undescribed sister lineage of this species detected. Emended descriptions of sections Chlorophyllum, Endoptychorum, and Sphaerospororum are provided to reflect current results, along with updated descriptions and extensive imagery for all known sequestrate taxa of Chlorophyllum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elias Polemis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgios I Zervakis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Marco Thines
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Genorg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Telle
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Genorg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Gube
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg August University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Grawunder A, Gube M. Element distribution in fruiting bodies of Lactarius pubescens with focus on rare earth elements. Chemosphere 2018; 208:614-625. [PMID: 29894963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During growth and senescence, fungal fruiting bodies accumulate essential and non-essential elements to different extent in their compartments. This study bases on a dataset of 32 basidiocarps of the ectomycorrhizal Lactarius pubescens sampled in a former U mining area. Statistical analyses were combined with rare earth element (REE, La-Lu) patterns to study the element distribution within sporocarp compartments and between three different age classes. For this purpose, fruiting bodies were separated into stipe, pileus trama, pileipelles and lamellae, dried and digested with HNO3. While macronutrient (e.g. K, Mg, P, S) contents resemble those of a non-mining affected site, several elements (e.g. Co, Mn) were site-specifically taken up relative to elevated soil contents. With statistics, two main element distribution groups for L. pubescens were revealed: mainly essential (Cu, Mg, Mn, P, S, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni) and mainly non-essential elements (Al, Ca, Fe, Sr, U, REE). The highest REE contents were found in pileipelles and lamellae, corresponding to relatively small cell sizes. Stipes and pileus trama had low REE contents due to their function as transport systems. During growth, light REE (La-Nd) were strongly enriched in lamellae and pileipelles. Middle REE (Sm-Dy) enrichment was found both in soil and fungal biomass. Contents of nutrients decrease with age, while non-essential elements are enriched especially in pileipelles and lamellae. A weak positive Ce anomaly appeared in the bioavailable soil fraction and in the pileipelles of younger individuals. Substrate dependent uptake thus gets reduced with sporocarp senescence, possibly due to redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Grawunder
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Gube
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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6
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Baumann R, Brand P, Chaker A, Markert A, Rack I, Davatgarbenam S, Joraslafsky S, Gerhards B, Kraus T, Gube M. Human nasal mucosal C-reactive protein responses after inhalation of ultrafine welding fume particles: positive correlation to systemic C-reactive protein responses. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:1130-1147. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1498930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Baumann
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - P. Brand
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Chaker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Markert
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - I. Rack
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - S. Davatgarbenam
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - S. Joraslafsky
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - B. Gerhards
- Welding and Joining Institute (ISF), Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - T. Kraus
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Gube
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany
- Health Office of the City and Area of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Gaum PM, Gube M, Esser A, Schettgen T, Soares Quinete N, Putschoegl FM, Kraus T, Lang J. 59 Polychlorinated biphenyls and depression – first hints for a pathomechanism via the thyroid and dopamine system in humans. Occup Med (Lond) 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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8
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Baumann R, Gube M, Markert A, Davatgarbenam S, Kossack V, Gerhards B, Kraus T, Brand P. Systemic serum amyloid A as a biomarker for exposure to zinc and/or copper-containing metal fumes. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2018; 28:84-91. [PMID: 28176762 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc- and copper-containing welding fumes increase systemic C-reactive protein (CRP). The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of the biomarkers serum amyloid A (SAA) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in this regard. Fifteen male subjects were exposed under controlled conditions to welding fumes containing either zinc, or copper, or copper and zinc for 6 h. Plasma samples were collected before, 6 and 24 h after start of exposure and biomarkers therein were measured by electrochemiluminescent assay. For each exposure, systemic concentrations of systemic SAA, but not VCAM-1, increased significantly at 24 h after exposure start compared with baseline ("copper only": P=0.0005, "zinc only": P=0.027, "copper and zinc": P=0.001). SAA showed a wider range of concentrations than did CRP and its levels increased up to 19-fold after welding fume exposure. The recognition of copper as a potential harmful component in welding fumes, also independent from zinc, deserves further consideration. SAA might represent a new sensitive biomarker for potential subclinical sterile inflammation after inhalation of copper- and/or zinc-containing welding fumes. As elevations of CRP and SAA protein have both been linked to a higher risk for cardiovascular disease, these findings might particularly be important for long-term welders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baumann
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Pauwelsstr, Germany
| | - M Gube
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Pauwelsstr, Germany
| | - A Markert
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Pauwelsstr, Germany
| | - S Davatgarbenam
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Pauwelsstr, Germany
| | - V Kossack
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Pauwelsstr, Germany
| | - B Gerhards
- ISF - Welding and Joining Institute, Aachen University of Technology, Pontstraße, Germany
| | - T Kraus
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Pauwelsstr, Germany
| | - P Brand
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Aachen University of Technology, Pauwelsstr, Germany
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Miller AN, Raudabaugh DB, Iturriaga T, Matheny PB, Petersen RH, Hughes KW, Gube M, Powers RA, James TY, O’Donnell K. First report of the post-fire morel Morchella exuberans in eastern North America. Mycologia 2017; 109:710-714. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2017.1408294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Miller
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 606 Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - Daniel B. Raudabaugh
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 606 Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - Teresa Iturriaga
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 606 Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - P. Brandon Matheny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 332 Hesler Biology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Ronald H. Petersen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 332 Hesler Biology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Karen W. Hughes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 332 Hesler Biology Building, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Matthias Gube
- Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, Germany 37077
| | - Rob A. Powers
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Room 1008 Kraus Natural Science Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048
| | - Timothy Y. James
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Room 1008 Kraus Natural Science Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048
| | - Kerry O’Donnell
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604
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Sammer D, Krause K, Gube M, Wagner K, Kothe E. Hydrophobins in the Life Cycle of the Ectomycorrhizal Basidiomycete Tricholoma vaccinum. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167773. [PMID: 27936063 PMCID: PMC5147985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobins-secreted small cysteine-rich, amphipathic proteins-foster interactions of fungal hyphae with hydrophobic surfaces, and are involved in the formation of aerial hyphae. Phylogenetic analyses of Tricholoma vaccinum hydrophobins showed a grouping with hydrophobins of other ectomycorrhizal fungi, which might be a result of co-evolution. Further analyses indicate angiosperms as likely host trees for the last common ancestor of the genus Tricholoma. The nine hydrophobin genes in the T. vaccinum genome were investigated to infer their individual roles in different stages of the life cycle, host interaction, asexual and sexual development, and with respect to different stresses. In aerial mycelium, hyd8 was up-regulated. In silico analysis predicted three packing arrangements, i.e., ring-like, plus-like and sheet-like structure for Hyd8; the first two may assemble to rodlets of hydrophobin covering aerial hyphae, whereas the third is expected to be involved in forming a two-dimensional network of hydrophobins. Metal stress induced hydrophobin gene hyd5. In early steps of mycorrhization, induction of hyd4 and hyd5 by plant root exudates and root volatiles could be shown, followed by hyd5 up-regulation during formation of mantle, Hartig' net, and rhizomorphs with concomitant repression of hyd8 and hyd9. During fruiting body formation, mainly hyd3, but also hyd8 were induced. Host preference between the compatible host Picea abies and the low compatibility host Pinus sylvestris could be linked to a stronger induction of hyd4 and hyd5 by the preferred host and a stronger repression of hyd8, whereas the repression of hyd9 was comparable between the two hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Sammer
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Krause
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Gube
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina Wagner
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Erika Kothe
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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11
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Husmann F, Gube M, Felser S, Weippert M, Mau-Moeller A, Bruhn S, Behrens M. P-36 Quadriceps muscle fatigue after 2000-m rowing. Br J Sports Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097120.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Brand P, Bertram J, Chaker A, Jörres RA, Kronseder A, Kraus T, Gube M. Biological effects of inhaled nitrogen dioxide in healthy human subjects. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89:1017-24. [PMID: 27155612 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-016-1139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several epidemiological studies indicate that inhaled nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at low concentrations have been statistically associated with adverse health effects. However, these results are not reflected by exposure studies in humans. The aim of the study was to assess the acute functional and cellular responses to different NO2 concentrations in healthy human subjects with various techniques. METHODS Twenty-five subjects were exposed for 3 h to NO2 concentrations 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.5 ppm in a randomized crossover study design during 4 consecutive weeks. In each subject, lung function, diffusion capacity and exhaled nitric oxide were measured and inflammation markers were assessed in blood, nasal secretions, induced sputum and exhaled breath condensate. RESULTS From all lung function indices under consideration, only intrathoracic gas volume was borderline significantly increased after 0.5 ppm (p = 0.048) compared to 0.1 ppm NO2. Regarding the cellular effect parameters, the macrophage concentration in induced sputum decreased with increasing NO2 concentration, although these changes were only borderline significant (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION These results do not suggest a considerable acute adverse response in human subjects after 3 h of exposure to NO2 in the NO2 concentration range investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brand
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - J Bertram
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Chaker
- Department of Otolaryngology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - R A Jörres
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - A Kronseder
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - T Kraus
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Gube
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Wagner K, Linde J, Krause K, Gube M, Koestler T, Sammer D, Kniemeyer O, Kothe E. Tricholoma vaccinum host communication during ectomycorrhiza formation. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv120. [PMID: 26449385 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome sequence of Tricholoma vaccinum was obtained to predict its secretome in order to elucidate communication of T. vaccinum with its host tree spruce (Picea abies) in interkingdom signaling. The most prominent protein domains within the 206 predicted secreted proteins belong to energy and nutrition (52%), cell wall degradation (19%) and mycorrhiza establishment (9%). Additionally, we found small secreted proteins that show typical features of effectors potentially involved in host communication. From the secretome, 22 proteins could be identified, two of which showed higher protein abundances after spruce root exudate exposure, while five were downregulated in this treatment. The changes in T. vaccinum protein excretion with first recognition of the partner were used to identify small secreted proteins with the potential to act as effectors in the mutually beneficial symbiosis. Our observations support the hypothesis of a complex communication network including a cocktail of communication molecules induced long before physical contact of the partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Wagner
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Linde
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Krause
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Gube
- Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg August University Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tina Koestler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), Max F. Perutz Laboratories, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Sammer
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Erika Kothe
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Brunsch M, Schubert D, Gube M, Ring C, Hanisch L, Linde J, Krause K, Kothe E. Dynein Heavy Chain, Encoded by Two Genes in Agaricomycetes, Is Required for Nuclear Migration in Schizophyllum commune. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135616. [PMID: 26284622 PMCID: PMC4540427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The white-rot fungus Schizophyllum commune (Agaricomycetes) was used to study the cell biology of microtubular trafficking during mating interactions, when the two partners exchange nuclei, which are transported along microtubule tracks. For this transport activity, the motor protein dynein is required. In S. commune, the dynein heavy chain is encoded in two parts by two separate genes, dhc1 and dhc2. The N-terminal protein Dhc1 supplies the dimerization domain, while Dhc2 encodes the motor machinery and the microtubule binding domain. This split motor protein is unique to Basidiomycota, where three different sequence patterns suggest independent split events during evolution. To investigate the function of the dynein heavy chain, the gene dhc1 and the motor domain in dhc2 were deleted. Both resulting mutants were viable, but revealed phenotypes in hyphal growth morphology and mating behavior as well as in sexual development. Viability of strain Δdhc2 is due to the higher expression of kinesin-2 and kinesin-14, which was proven via RNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Brunsch
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Schubert
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Gube
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Ring
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Hanisch
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Linde
- Research Group Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz-Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans-Knöll-Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Krause
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Erika Kothe
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Prieske O, Muehlbauer T, Borde R, Gube M, Bruhn S, Behm DG, Granacher U. Neuromuscular and athletic performance following core strength training in elite youth soccer: Role of instability. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:48-56. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Prieske
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences; Research Focus Cognition Sciences; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - T. Muehlbauer
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences; Research Focus Cognition Sciences; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - R. Borde
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences; Research Focus Cognition Sciences; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - M. Gube
- Department of Sports Science; University of Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - S. Bruhn
- Department of Sports Science; University of Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - D. G. Behm
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's Newfoundland Canada
| | - U. Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences; Research Focus Cognition Sciences; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
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Esser A, Gaum PM, Schettgen T, Kraus T, Gube M, Lang J. Effect of occupational polychlorinated biphenyls exposure on quality-adjusted life years over time at the HELPcB surveillance program. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2015; 78:132-150. [PMID: 25424621 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.946165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
HELPcB (Health Effects in High-Level Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls [PCB]) is a surveillance program for former PCB-exposed workers of a capacitor recycling company and other concerned individuals. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) and on quality-adjusted life years (QALY). The EQ-5D-3L questionnaire was used to determine the HRQL. After three cross-sectional examinations at intervals of 1 yr, the longitudinal development of QALY was compared by repeated-measurement analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The cohort was split at the 95th percentile of the comparison group for each PCB congener; known confounders such as age were taken into account. A significant difference in height and development of QALY over time was shown for the higher chlorinated non-dioxin-like PCB (hcPCB) congeners. A significant between-groups effect was found on PCB 153, PCB 180, and the sum of hcPCB. It was found that QALY decreased in the high-burden group and QALY stabilized after yr 2 in the normal-burden group. Taking the dimensions of the EQ-5D into account, the between-groups effect seems to be based predominantly on the dimension anxiety. The development of the within-group effect, however, seems to be based on the dimension mobility. This study detected a significant influence of hcPCB on the development of HRQL and QALYs over time according to the level of internal PCB burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Esser
- a Institute for Occupational Medicine and Social Medicine , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
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17
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Beimforde C, Feldberg K, Nylinder S, Rikkinen J, Tuovila H, Dörfelt H, Gube M, Jackson DJ, Reitner J, Seyfullah LJ, Schmidt AR. Estimating the Phanerozoic history of the Ascomycota lineages: combining fossil and molecular data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 78:386-98. [PMID: 24792086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The phylum Ascomycota is by far the largest group in the fungal kingdom. Ecologically important mutualistic associations such as mycorrhizae and lichens have evolved in this group, which are regarded as key innovations that supported the evolution of land plants. Only a few attempts have been made to date the origin of Ascomycota lineages by using molecular clock methods, which is primarily due to the lack of satisfactory fossil calibration data. For this reason we have evaluated all of the oldest available ascomycete fossils from amber (Albian to Miocene) and chert (Devonian and Maastrichtian). The fossils represent five major ascomycete classes (Coniocybomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Laboulbeniomycetes, and Lecanoromycetes). We have assembled a multi-gene data set (18SrDNA, 28SrDNA, RPB1 and RPB2) from a total of 145 taxa representing most groups of the Ascomycota and utilized fossil calibration points solely from within the ascomycetes to estimate divergence times of Ascomycota lineages with a Bayesian approach. Our results suggest an initial diversification of the Pezizomycotina in the Ordovician, followed by repeated splits of lineages throughout the Phanerozoic, and indicate that this continuous diversification was unaffected by mass extinctions. We suggest that the ecological diversity within each lineage ensured that at least some taxa of each group were able to survive global crises and rapidly recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Beimforde
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Feldberg
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Faculty of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Nylinder
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jouko Rikkinen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Tuovila
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heinrich Dörfelt
- Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Gube
- Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Büsgen Institute, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Jackson
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Reitner
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leyla J Seyfullah
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander R Schmidt
- Courant Research Centre Geobiology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Hartmann L, Bauer M, Bertram J, Gube M, Lenz K, Reisgen U, Schettgen T, Kraus T, Brand P. Assessment of the biological effects of welding fumes emitted from metal inert gas welding processes of aluminium and zinc-plated materials in humans. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 217:160-8. [PMID: 23790592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate biological effects and potential health risks due to two different metal-inert-gas (MIG) welding fumes (MIG welding of aluminium and MIG soldering of zinc coated steel) in healthy humans. In a threefold cross-over design study 12 male subjects were exposed to three different exposure scenarios. Exposures were performed under controlled conditions in the Aachener Workplace Simulation Laboratory (AWSL). On three different days the subjects were either exposed to filtered ambient air, to welding fumes from MIG welding of aluminium, or to fumes from MIG soldering of zinc coated materials. Exposure was performed for 6 h and the average fume concentration was 2.5 mg m(-3). Before, directly after, 1 day after, and 7 days after exposure spirometric and impulse oscillometric measurements were performed, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was collected and blood samples were taken and analyzed for inflammatory markers. During MIG welding of aluminium high ozone concentrations (up to 250 μg m(-3)) were observed, whereas ozone was negligible for MIG soldering. For MIG soldering, concentrations of high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) and factor VIII were significantly increased but remained mostly within the normal range. The concentration of neutrophils increased in tendency. For MIG welding of aluminium, the lung function showed significant decreases in Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) and Mean Expiratory Flow at 75% vital capacity (MEF 75) 7 days after exposure. The concentration of ristocetin cofactor was increased. The observed increase of hsCRP during MIG-soldering can be understood as an indicator for asymptomatic systemic inflammation probably due to zinc (zinc concentration 1.5 mg m(-3)). The change in lung function observed after MIG welding of aluminium may be attributed to ozone inhalation, although the late response (7 days after exposure) is surprising.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hartmann
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - M Bauer
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Bertram
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Gube
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Lenz
- ISF - Welding and Joining Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Pontstraße 49, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - U Reisgen
- ISF - Welding and Joining Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Pontstraße 49, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Kraus
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Brand
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Esser A, Lang J, Gube M, Schettgen T, Kraus T. Verlust an Quality adjusted lifeyears (QALY) nach einer PCB-Exposition von Arbeitern eines Recycling-Betriebes, deren Familienangehörigen und Beschäftigten umliegender Firmen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1323233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Gube M, Dörfelt H. Gasteromycetation in Agaricaceae s. l. (Basidiomycota): Morphological and ecological implementations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/fedr.201000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Brand P, Havlicek P, Steiners M, Holzinger K, Reisgen U, Kraus T, Gube M. Exposure of healthy subjects with emissions from a gas metal arc welding process: part 1--exposure technique and external exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2012; 86:25-30. [PMID: 22311007 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-012-0739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies concerning welding fume-related adverse health effects in welders are hampered by the heterogeneity of workplace situations, resulting in complex and non-standardized exposure conditions. METHODS In order to carry out welding fume exposure studies under controlled and standardized conditions, the Aachen Workplace Simulation Laboratory was developed. This laboratory consists of an emission room, in which welding fume is produced, and an exposure room in which human subjects are exposed to these fumes. Both rooms are connected by a ventilation system which allows the welding fume concentration to be regulated. Particle mass concentration was measured with a TEOM microbalance and the particle number-size distribution using a Grimm SMPS device. RESULTS In a study, which is the subject of this paper, it has been shown that welding fume concentration can easily be regulated between 1 and about 3 mg m(-3). The chosen concentration can be kept constant for more than 8 h. However, transport of the particles from the emission room into the exposure room leads to a change in particle size distribution, which is probably due to coagulation of the fraction of smallest particles. CONCLUSION The Aachen Workplace Simulation Laboratory is suitable for controlled exposure studies with human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brand
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Ebersberger I, de Matos Simoes R, Kupczok A, Gube M, Kothe E, Voigt K, von Haeseler A. A consistent phylogenetic backbone for the fungi. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 29:1319-34. [PMID: 22114356 PMCID: PMC3339314 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The kingdom of fungi provides model organisms for biotechnology, cell biology, genetics, and life sciences in general. Only when their phylogenetic relationships are stably resolved, can individual results from fungal research be integrated into a holistic picture of biology. However, and despite recent progress, many deep relationships within the fungi remain unclear. Here, we present the first phylogenomic study of an entire eukaryotic kingdom that uses a consistency criterion to strengthen phylogenetic conclusions. We reason that branches (splits) recovered with independent data and different tree reconstruction methods are likely to reflect true evolutionary relationships. Two complementary phylogenomic data sets based on 99 fungal genomes and 109 fungal expressed sequence tag (EST) sets analyzed with four different tree reconstruction methods shed light from different angles on the fungal tree of life. Eleven additional data sets address specifically the phylogenetic position of Blastocladiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, and Dothideomycetes, respectively. The combined evidence from the resulting trees supports the deep-level stability of the fungal groups toward a comprehensive natural system of the fungi. In addition, our analysis reveals methodologically interesting aspects. Enrichment for EST encoded data—a common practice in phylogenomic analyses—introduces a strong bias toward slowly evolving and functionally correlated genes. Consequently, the generalization of phylogenomic data sets as collections of randomly selected genes cannot be taken for granted. A thorough characterization of the data to assess possible influences on the tree reconstruction should therefore become a standard in phylogenomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Ebersberger
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Gube M, Taeger D, Weber DG, Pesch B, Brand P, Johnen G, Müller-Lux A, Gross IM, Wiethege T, Weber A, Raithel HJ, Kraus T, Brüning T. Performance of biomarkers SMRP, CA125, and CYFRA 21-1 as potential tumor markers for malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer in a cohort of workers formerly exposed to asbestos. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:185-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Gube M, Heinrich K, Dewes P, Brand P, Kraus T, Schettgen T. Internal exposure of hairdressers to permanent hair dyes: a biomonitoring study using urinary aromatic diamines as biomarkers of exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2010; 84:287-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-010-0539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Völksch B, Thon S, Jacobsen ID, Gube M. Polyphasic study of plant- and clinic-associated Pantoea agglomerans strains reveals indistinguishable virulence potential. Infect Genet Evol 2009; 9:1381-91. [PMID: 19800991 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pantoea species are ubiquitous in nature and occasionally associated with infections caused by contaminated clinical material. Hence, Pantoea agglomerans is considered as an opportunistic pathogen of humans. Since species of the genus Pantoea and closely related species of other Enterobacteriaceae genera are phenotypically very similar, many clinical isolates are misassigned into P. agglomerans based on the use of quick commercial-offered biochemical tests. Our objective was to find markers enabling discrimination between clinical and plant isolates and to assess their virulence potential. We characterized 27 Pantoea strains, including 8 P. agglomerans isolates of clinical, and 11 of plant origin by biochemical tests and genotyping, including analysis of 16S rDNA and gapA gene sequences, and pattern polymorphisms of ITS- and ERIC/REP-DNA. All data showed that no discrete evolution occurred between plant-associated and clinical P. agglomerans isolates. Based on the typing results, five clinical- and five plant-associated P. agglomerans strains representing the majority of clades were tested on a model plant and in embryonated eggs. On soybean plants P. agglomerans strains independent of their origin could develop stable epiphytic populations. Surprisingly, in the embryonated egg model there was no difference of virulence between clinical and vegetable P. agglomerans isolates. However, these strains were significantly less virulent than a phytopathogenic P. ananatis isolate. We suggest that, independent of their origin, all P. agglomerans strains might possess indistinguishable virulence potential.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/analysis
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Animals
- Chick Embryo
- DNA, Bacterial/analysis
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Intergenic/analysis
- DNA, Intergenic/genetics
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/complications
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/diagnosis
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Genetic Markers
- Humans
- Opportunistic Infections/complications
- Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis
- Opportunistic Infections/microbiology
- Pantoea/genetics
- Pantoea/pathogenicity
- Phylogeny
- Plant Diseases/microbiology
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Glycine max/microbiology
- Virulence
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Völksch
- Microbial Phytopathology, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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26
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Brand P, Gube M, Kraus T. Spirometrie, Impulsoszillometrie und Capnovolumetrie bei Schweißern. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1213592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractFungi are abundant in the biosphere. They have fascinated mankind as far as written history goes and have considerably influenced our culture. In biotechnology, cell biology, genetics, and life sciences in general fungi constitute relevant model organisms. Once the phylogenetic relationships of fungi are stably resolved individual results from fungal research can be combined into a holistic picture of biology. However, and despite recent progress, the backbone of the fungal phylogeny is not yet fully resolved. Especially the early evolutionary history of fungi and the order or below-order relationships within the ascomycetes remain uncertain. Here we present the first phylogenomic study for a eukaryotic kingdom that merges all publicly available fungal genomes and expressed sequence tags (EST) to build a data set comprising 128 genes and 146 taxa. The resulting tree provides a stable phylogenetic backbone for the fungi. Moreover, we present the first formal supertree based on 161 fungal taxa and 128 gene trees. The combined evidences from the trees support the deep-level stability of the fungal groups towards a comprehensive natural system of the fungi. They indicate that the classification of the fungi, especially their alliance with the Microsporidia, requires careful revision. Our analysis is also an inventory of present day sequence information for the fungi. It provides insights into which phylogenenetic conclusions can and which cannot be drawn from the current data and may serve as a guide to direct further sequencing initiatives. Together with a comprehensive animal phylogeny, we provide the second of three pillars to understand the evolution of the multicellular eukaryotic kingdoms, fungi, metazoa, and plants, in the past 1.6 billion years.
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Schmidt A, Gube M, Schmidt A, Kothe E. In silicoanalysis of nickel containing superoxide dismutase evolution and regulation. J Basic Microbiol 2009; 49:109-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200800293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gube M. The gleba development of Langermannia gigantea (Batsch: Pers.) Rostk. (Basidiomycetes) compared to other Lycoperdaceae, and some systematic implications. Mycologia 2007; 99:396-405. [PMID: 17883031 DOI: 10.3852/mycologia.99.3.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The fruit body and in particular the gleba development of several species of Lycoperdaceae has been examined by light microscopic analysis of microtome sections of fruit body primordia in different ontogenetic stages. The gleba of Langermannia gigantea develops in a unique and previously unknown manner: the hymenium-forming palisade structures are borne on fan-like branches of hyphae. Hence the term of flabelloid glebal development is introduced. The other genera of Lycoperdaceae, including the genus Calvatia, are characterized by both lacunar and coralloid development of the gleba. Because these features cannot be distinguished clearly, this type of glebal development is referred to as coralloid-lacunar. Due to the peculiar ontogeny I suggest keeping the genus Langermannia separate from Calvatia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gube
- Institute of Systematic Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 16, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Gube M. The gleba development of Langermannia gigantea(Batsch: Pers.) Rostk. (Basidiomycetes) compared to other Lycoperdaceae, and some systematic implications. Mycologia 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2007.11832564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gube
- Institute of Systematic Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 16, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Abstract
To investigate possible effects of injections of tritiated thymidine ([3H]dThd) into pregnant mice or the injection procedure itself on the proliferation of neuronal precursor cells in the fetuses, pregnant mice received intraperitoneal injections of either [3H]dThd or saline on embryonic days 12, 14, and 19, while their offspring remained untreated. A second group of dams was not injected but their male offspring received a subcutaneous injection of again either [3H]dThd or saline on postnatal day 10. Then total numbers of hippocampal pyramidal cells (areas CA1 to CA3) and granular cells (dentate gyrus) were determined stereologically for 20-day-old as well as for 80-day-old male pups. No significant differences were found for the mean total number of pyramidal cells between the investigated groups of pups. However, the mean total number of granular cells was significantly reduced in those groups in which the dams had received an intraperitoneal injection, irrespective of whether [3H]dThd or saline was injected. This revives the repeated warning in the literature to consider the effect of the injection procedure on the developing brain when interpreting possible effects of agents administered during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schmitz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH University Aachen, Germany.
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Haack E, Kaiser F, Gube M, Spingler H. Acetylgitaloxin, ein neues Glykosid aus den Bl�ttern von Digitalis lanata Ehrh. Naturwissenschaften 1958. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00622239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Haack E, Kaiser F, Gube M, Spingler H. [The chemistry of the Gitalin fraction]. Arzneimittelforschung 1956; 6:176-82. [PMID: 13315092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
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