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Kohram M, Sanderson AE, Loui A, Thompson PV, Vashistha H, Shomar A, Oltvai ZN, Salman H. Nonlethal deleterious mutation-induced stress accelerates bacterial aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316271121. [PMID: 38709929 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316271121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Random mutagenesis, including when it leads to loss of gene function, is a key mechanism enabling microorganisms' long-term adaptation to new environments. However, loss-of-function mutations are often deleterious, triggering, in turn, cellular stress and complex homeostatic stress responses, called "allostasis," to promote cell survival. Here, we characterize the differential impacts of 65 nonlethal, deleterious single-gene deletions on Escherichia coli growth in three different growth environments. Further assessments of select mutants, namely, those bearing single adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase subunit deletions, reveal that mutants display reorganized transcriptome profiles that reflect both the environment and the specific gene deletion. We also find that ATP synthase α-subunit deleted (ΔatpA) cells exhibit elevated metabolic rates while having slower growth compared to wild-type (wt) E. coli cells. At the single-cell level, compared to wt cells, individual ΔatpA cells display near normal proliferation profiles but enter a postreplicative state earlier and exhibit a distinct senescence phenotype. These results highlight the complex interplay between genomic diversity, adaptation, and stress response and uncover an "aging cost" to individual bacterial cells for maintaining population-level resilience to environmental and genetic stress; they also suggest potential bacteriostatic antibiotic targets and -as select human genetic diseases display highly similar phenotypes, - a bacterial origin of some human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kohram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Amy E Sanderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Alicia Loui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Peyton V Thompson
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Harsh Vashistha
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Aseel Shomar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zoltán N Oltvai
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627
| | - Hanna Salman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
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Southern BD, Li H, Mao H, Crish JF, Grove LM, Scheraga RG, Mansoor S, Reinhardt A, Abraham S, Deshpande G, Loui A, Ivanov AI, Rosenfeld SS, Bresnick AR, Olman MA. A novel mechanoeffector role of fibroblast S100A4 in myofibroblast transdifferentiation and fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105530. [PMID: 38072048 PMCID: PMC10789633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast to myofibroblast transdifferentiation mediates numerous fibrotic disorders, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We have previously demonstrated that non-muscle myosin II (NMII) is activated in response to fibrotic lung extracellular matrix, thereby mediating myofibroblast transdifferentiation. NMII-A is known to interact with the calcium-binding protein S100A4, but the mechanism by which S100A4 regulates fibrotic disorders is unclear. In this study, we show that fibroblast S100A4 is a calcium-dependent, mechanoeffector protein that is uniquely sensitive to pathophysiologic-range lung stiffness (8-25 kPa) and thereby mediates myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Re-expression of endogenous fibroblast S100A4 rescues the myofibroblastic phenotype in S100A4 KO fibroblasts. Analysis of NMII-A/actin dynamics reveals that S100A4 mediates the unraveling and redistribution of peripheral actomyosin to a central location, resulting in a contractile myofibroblast. Furthermore, S100A4 loss protects against murine in vivo pulmonary fibrosis, and S100A4 expression is dysregulated in IPF. Our data reveal a novel mechanosensor/effector role for endogenous fibroblast S100A4 in inducing cytoskeletal redistribution in fibrotic disorders such as IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Southern
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Haiyan Li
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hongxia Mao
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James F Crish
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa M Grove
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel G Scheraga
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sanaa Mansoor
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda Reinhardt
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Susamma Abraham
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gauravi Deshpande
- Lerner Research Institute Imaging Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alicia Loui
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven S Rosenfeld
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Anne R Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mitchell A Olman
- Lerner Research Institute Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Stupin J, Loui A, Ott R, Eilers E, Melchior K, Arabin B, Henrich W, Plagemann A. Der Einfluss von prägravidem Übergewicht/Adipositas bei Gestationsdiabetes auf das Geburtsgewicht – „Early Charité“-Kohortenstudie (EaCH). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Jochum F, Krohn K, Kohl M, Loui A, Nomayo A, Koletzko B. Parenterale Ernährung von Kindern und Jugendlichen: Empfehlungen und Experten-Statements. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-014-3278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Jochum F, Krohn K, Kohl M, Loui A, Nomayo A, Koletzko B. S3-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin (DGEM) in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gesellschaft für klinische Ernährung der Schweiz (GESKES), der Österreichischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für klinische Ernährung (AKE), die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin (DGKJ) und die Gesellschaft für Neonatologie und pädiatrische Intensivmedizin (GNPI). Aktuel Ernahrungsmed 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1370222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Jochum
- Evangelisches Waldkrankenhaus Spandau, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - K. Krohn
- iSPZ im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital der LMU München – Kindergastroenterologie
| | - M. Kohl
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Klinik für Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Kiel/Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - A. Loui
- Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Klinik für Neonatologie, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - A. Nomayo
- Evangelisches Waldkrankenhaus Spandau, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - B. Koletzko
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Abteilung für Stoffwechsel und Ernährung, München, Deutschland
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Aktas AG, Bernuth HV, Loui A, Berns M. Frühgeborenes mit schwerer Herpesenzephalitis und tödlichem Verlauf – eine gewöhnliche Herpesinfektion oder Hinweis auf einen Immundefekt? Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1223027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hoyer AC, Müller K, Loui A, Bührer C. Bedarfsgerechte Zufuhr von Protein, Fett und Kalorien bei Frühgeborenen <1000g Geburtsgewicht in den ersten 28 Lebenstagen – Vergleich von Ziel und „Realität“ bei 10 Frühgeborenen. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1223019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Münch A, Schmitz L, Schulze-Neick I, Loui A, Pohl-Schickinger A. Sildenafil – Eine Option bei Frühgeborenen mit schwerer bronchopulmonaler Dysplasie? Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1223104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Römer S, Loui A, Bührer C, Berns M. Hydrocortison als alternative Therapie eines einseitigen Lungenemphysems. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1223106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schmiedchen B, Nagl B, Hoyer AC, Loui A, Schweigert FJ. Einfluss einer Vitamin-A-Supplementierung auf Serum- und Harnparameter bei Frühgeborenen <1500g. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1223024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Loui A, Tsalikaki E, Maier K, Walch E, Kamarianakis Y, Obladen M. Growth in high risk infants <1500 g birthweight during the first 5 weeks. Early Hum Dev 2008; 84:645-50. [PMID: 18539413 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants is used to monitor nutrition and intrauterine velocity is taken as the desired goal. AIM We hypothesised that beside nutrition growth failure is caused by disease severity. METHODS Prospective longitudinal study of 45 VLBW infants undergoing intensive care, mechanical ventilation was used as proxy to disease severity. Nutritional intake, body weight, length, head circumference, and lower leg length (LLL) were measured during the first 5 weeks of life. RESULTS Birthweight and gestational age were lower in 22 ventilated than in 23 unventilated infants (p<0.01). Median daily intake was 3.2 and 2.8 g/kg for protein (n.s.), 108 and 112 kcal/kg for energy (n.s.), 175 and 160 ml/kg for volume (p<0.01) up to day 35, respectively. Chronic lung disease occurred in 12 infants, five of whom were treated with dexamethasone. Artificial ventilation (p<0.01) and dexamethasone treatment (p<0.05) were independent predictors of weight gain. Median weight gain (8.2 and 9.7 g/kg/d), head growth (0.45 and 0.60 cm/week), and LLL growth (0.28 and 0.35 mm/d) were lower (p<0.05) in ventilated than in non-ventilated infants, respectively. The correlation of LLL growth with body length (r=0.31, p<0.05) and head growth (r=0.42, p<0.01) was weak. Dexamethasone arrested growth; median LLL gain was 0.21 and 0.31 mm/d in ventilated infants with and without dexamethasone (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In VLBW infants, fetal growth rates are not reached with current feeding practice. In addition to inadequate nutrition, factors directly related to disease and treatment contribute to postnatal growth failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Loui
- Department of Neonatology, Charité Virchow-Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
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Steinbeck A, Pohl-Schickinger A, Henrich W, Mau H, Riebel T, Loui A, Berger F, Krings G. Hydrops fetalis in Folge von multifokalen kongenitalen arteriovenösen Malformationen (AVM). Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1079016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Loui A, Raab A, Maier R, Brätter P, Obladen M. Spurenelemente und antioxidative Enzyme bei extrem unreifen Frühgeborenen. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1078810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Reinhold A, Pohl-Schickinger A, Krings G, Will J, Loui A, Berger F. Auftreten von Kammerflimmern unter Orciprenalin-Infusion bei einem Neugeborenen mit konnatalem AV-Block III° und Long-QT-Syndrom. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1079061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Peiser C, Hüseman D, Lau S, Grüber C, Bassir C, Wirsing von König CH, Obladen M, Loui A. Keuchhusten bei einem Neugeborenen – eine lebensbedrohliche Erkrankung. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1078920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Münch A, Hoyer AC, Loui A, Luck W, Röcken C, Kampmann S. Perinatale Asphyxie, Sepsis, Anämie, Multiorganversagen: Die neonatale Hämochromatose – ein Chamäleon der Intensivmedizin. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1078928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Östreicher I, Feiterna-Sperling C, Weizsäcker K, Schmitz T, Loui A, Hüseman D. Nekrotisierende Enterokolitis bei reifen HIV-exponierten Neugeborenen. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1079018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Römer S, Pohl-Schickinger A, Krings G, Graul-Neumann L, Loui A. Akute kardiale Dekompensation bei multiplen Rhabdomyomen im Herzen als letale Komplikation einer Tuberösen Sklerose. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1078958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Eilers E, Gottschalk E, Lode HN, Loui A, Pohl-Schickinger A. Diagnose eines Nabelschnurtumors und die postnatale Manifestation einer neonatalen Hämangiomatose. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1079004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Huppmann S, Czernik C, Sarioglu N, Stöver B, Degenhardt P, Mau H, Varnholt V, Loui A. Fulminanter Sepsisverlauf eines reifen Neugeborenen mit ausgeprägtem zervikalen, intrathorakalen und abdominellen Lymhangiom. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1079011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
AIM To investigate the end-of-life practice in a large perinatal centre in Germany. METHODS Retrospective chart review was performed in all neonates deceased in the delivery room (n = 31) and the neonatal intensive care unit (n = 47) between 2002 and 2004. RESULTS Neonatal death was preceded by an end-of-life decision (EOLD) in 81% of cases in the delivery room and 83% in the neonatal intensive care unit. The majority of deceased neonates were born prematurely or with congenital malformation. Life-sustaining treatment was not initiated in 74% of the infants deceased in the delivery room. In the unit, 52% died after withdrawal of therapy. Mechanical ventilation was withdrawn most frequently (79% of cases). Futility and immediate death were common considerations in EOLD, but the infant's suffering and future quality of life also played a role. Parents were involved in EOLD-making in all but emergency cases. No active termination of life was performed. CONCLUSION In our perinatal centre, the majority of neonatal deaths occurred after limitation of therapy. Treatment was actively withdrawn in half of the infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Actual end-of-life practice in a large perinatal centre differs from the restrictive attitude towards EOLD reported for German neonatologists in previous surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schulz-Baldes
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, Zurich University Centre for Ethics, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have reduced serum and red blood cell (RBC) selenium (Se) at birth, which decrease further with current nutrition and are associated with chronic lung disease and septicaemia. DESIGN We studied Se intake, concentration in serum and RBCs and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in preterm and term infants from birth until 16 weeks. Data are mean+/-standard deviation (s.d.). SETTING Seventy-two preterm infants in two groups, born in Berlin, gestational age 26+0/30+0 weeks, birth weight 845/1270 g, with low Se intake (2.2+/-0.8/2.5+/-1.2 microg/kg/day), and 55 term infants, gestational age 39+1 weeks, birth weight 3160 g, born in Venezuela (high Se intake: 29+/-8 microg/day). RESULTS A balance study in 10 preterm infants showed that Se is well absorbed from human milk (77+/-9%). Serum concentration was higher in term (142.0+/-40.0 microg/l) than in preterm infants (17.8+/-8.1/19.9+/-2.2 microg/l) at 4/7 weeks. Serum and RBC concentration of Se declined in all infants, low values in preterm infants did not correlate with chronic lung disease and septicaemia. GSH-Px activity in RBCs remained stable until 6 weeks of age in all infants and was not correlated with Se in RBCs. CONCLUSIONS Se concentration in serum decreases during the first weeks of life and depends on intake. GSH-Px activity is not useful as a marker for Se status in infants up to 16 weeks after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Loui
- Department of Neonatology, Charité Virchow Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
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Genz K, Loui A, Krings G, Obladen M. „Dry lung-Syndrom“-Folge eines Oligohydramnions ab 16 SSW. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-871509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jochum F, Loui A, Weber A, Felderhoff-Mueser U, Bührer C, Dudenhausen JW, Obladen M. Low soluble Fas (sFas) and sFas ligand (sFasL) content in breast milk after preterm as opposed to term delivery. Acta Paediatr 2005; 94:143-6. [PMID: 15981745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Various mechanisms of innate immunity and gastrointestinal integrity are potentially affected by soluble Fas (sFas) and sFas ligand (sFasL). Assuming that sFas and sFasL in milk reflect cellular events during lactogenesis, we aimed to assess the impact of premature parturition and duration of lactation on the concentrations of sFas and sFasL in human milk. PATIENTS AND METHODS The content of the soluble form of the cell surface receptor Fas (sFas) and its natural ligand (sFasL) was measured in human breast milk of 44 healthy mothers after preterm (<35 wk, n=21) and term (>37 wk, n=23) delivery. Milk was furthermore classified as immature breast milk (days 4-7 of lactation) or mature breast milk (days 35-45 of lactation). Breast milk (2-3 ml) was sampled 5 min after the start of breastfeeding by manual expression or milk pump, and stored at -20 degrees C until analysis by an ELISA. RESULTS sFas and sFasL concentrations were lower in immature milk after preterm compared to term delivery (sFas: 1.71; 1.38-2.47 ng/ml vs 3.03; 2.02-4.30 ng/ml, p < 0.001; sFasL: 0.13; 0.07-0.21 ng/ml vs 0.29; 0.15-0.60 ng/ml, p < 0.001 [median +/- interquartile range]). Mature milk samples, taken 1 mo later from both gestational groups, did not differ in sFas/sFasL content. Soluble Fas was positively correlated with sFasL in the same sample of immature (p < 0.001) and mature human milk (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between sFas and sFasL in immature and mature milk samples of the same mother (p < 0.01). The body mass index of the mothers and duration of pregnancy were positively correlated with the sFas and sFasL content in immature milk (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) but not in mature milk. CONCLUSION Preterm newborn infants fed with breast milk have a lower intake of sFas and sFasL compared to term neonates. Our results demonstrate that preterm delivery affects breast milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jochum
- Department of Neonatology, Virchow Hospital, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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Loui A, Tsalikaki E, Walch E. Zunahme der Unterschenkellänge - ein nützlicher Parameter für die Überwachung des Wachstums von Frühgeborenen <1500g. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-923130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Loui A, Elmlinger MW, Hochhaus F, Grund R, Obladen M, Ranke MB. Insulin-like-growth-Faktoren (IGF) und Bindungsproteine (IGFBP) in Muttermilch von Früh- und Reifgeborenen. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-829340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Stupin JH, Herschel A, Jakubek G, Loui A, Luttkus AK, Dudenhausen JW. Kontinuierliche Pulsoxymetrie am Neugeborenen im Kreißsaal zur Detektion einer beginnenden neonatalen Infektion. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-818238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Loui A, Raab A, Obladen M, Brätter P. Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium balance: FM 85 fortification of human milk does not meet mineral needs of extremely low birthweight infants. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56:228-35. [PMID: 11960298 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2001] [Revised: 07/05/2001] [Accepted: 07/09/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extremely low birthweight (<1000 g) infants are growing rapidly and their nutritional requirements for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium are high. DESIGN Prospective, mineral balance. SETTING The study was carried out at the Department of Neonatology, Virchow-Hospital, Charité Berlin and the Department of Molecular Trace Element Research, Hahn-Meitner-Institute Berlin. SUBJECTS Nineteen infants <1000 g birthweight were admitted, nine infants dropped out and 10 infants (birthweight 730-995 g), fed fortified human milk were included. INTERVENTION We collected infant's urine and feces for 72 h, a sample of human milk and infant's blood at 7 and 12 weeks of age. Elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry. RESULTS Mean (s.d.) mineral concentration in milk was low especially at 12 weeks: calcium 9.88 (+/-3.58) mmol/l, phosphorus 7.02 (+/-3.81) mmol/l, magnesium 1.59 (+/-0.54) mmol/l. Calcium retention was minimal or negative during the study, whereas phosphorus and magnesium balances were positive. Caffeine and diuretics increased mineral excretion. Serum alkaline phosphatase was mostly <800 U/l, and 162 U/l in one infant with zinc deficiency at 12 weeks. Alkaline phosphatase correlated with absorption and retention of phosphorus, and with longitudinal growth. CONCLUSIONS Infants <1000 g have high nutritional needs for calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, which are not met by a human milk fortifier widely used in Europe. Controlled trials are needed to assess requirements, duration and risks of mineral supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Loui
- Department of Neonatology, Charité Virchow-Hospital, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany.
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Weber A, Loui A, Jochum F, Bührer C, Obladen M. Breast milk from mothers of very low birthweight infants: variability in fat and protein content. Acta Paediatr 2001; 90:772-5. [PMID: 11519980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED While breast milk appears to be superior to formula for the development of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants, it is supplemented to meet the metabolic demands of the rapidly growing premature infant. To estimate the nutritional variability of breast milk from mothers of VLBW infants, protein (bicinchoninic acid method) and fat content (creamatocrit) were measured in breast-milk spot samples from mothers of 20 VLBW infants, collected 4 times a day during the first 4 wk of lactation. Protein content (median 1.9 g dl(-1), range 1.1-3.5 g dl(-1)) and fat content (3.8/1.0-14.6 g dl(-1)) were highly variable and lacked a normal distribution over all samples and in individual women's milk. There was only a weak correlation between fat and protein (rs=0.416, p < 0.001). Fat but not protein was lower in morning samples than in samples collected later in the day (p < 0.001). Protein but not fat content decreased during the weeks of lactation (rs =-0.446, p < 0.001). No impact of the baby's gestational age was observed. CONCLUSION The fat and protein content of breast milk from mothers of VLBW infants is highly variable, calling into question the clinical feasibility of individualized supplementation of breast milk for VLBW infants based on spot sample measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weber
- Department of Neonatology, Charité Virchow-Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc is important for metabolism, cell growth, immunity, and defense against oxygen radicals. Extremely low-birth-weight (< 1000 g) infants have higher nutritional needs, but information on zinc is scarce. The authors performed nutritional balances in 10 infants with birth weights of 500 to 999 g and who were fed with fortified human milk. METHODS The authors collected infant feces, urine, and blood and human milk samples during 72 hours at 7 and 12 weeks of age. Zinc concentration was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometry, atomic emission spectrophotometry, and instrumental neutron activation analysis. RESULTS Mean (SD) intake via human milk was 379 (+/- 373) microg x kg(-1) x d(-1) during both balances. Urinary excretion was high at 7 weeks of age, decreased to half at 12 week, and was negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with weight gain. Mean absorption was slightly positive at 7 weeks of age but zero or negative in most infants at 12 weeks of age. Retention was negative in all infants at both observation periods, except in one infant during the second balance. Clinical zinc deficiency developed in one infant at 12 weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS Zinc balances in extremely low-birth-weight infants are highly variable and usually negative. Controlled trials are needed to assess need for and benefits and risks of zinc supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Loui
- Department of Neonatology, Charité Virchow- Hospital, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Symptomatic zinc deficiency was observed in a 24-week gestation, 640 g birthweight infant fed exclusively with maternal breast milk. Our hypothesis was that subclinical Zn deficiency is not uncommon in very low birthweight infants because fortified human milk and preterm formula may contain little Zn. Zinc serum concentrations determined in 26 consecutive very low birthweight infants (gestational age 23-32, median 27 weeks), prior to discharge, at a chronological age of 37-121 (median 72) d, were found between 1.0 and 14.0 (median 6.4) micromol/l, in 14 infants they were below the normal range of 7.6-15.0 micromol/l. Serum alkaline phosphatase and iron intake did not correlate with Zn concentrations. Nutritional supply of Zn and other trace elements by breast milk fortifiers and infant formulas currently used in Germany does not appear to meet the demands of rapidly growing extremely low birthweight infants during the first months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Obladen
- Department of Neonatology, Charité Virchow Klinikum, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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