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Justice JN, Johnson LC, DeVan AE, Cruickshank-Quinn C, Reisdorph N, Bassett CJ, Evans TD, Brooks FA, Bryan NS, Chonchol MB, Giordano T, McQueen MB, Seals DR. Improved motor and cognitive performance with sodium nitrite supplementation is related to small metabolite signatures: a pilot trial in middle-aged and older adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:1004-21. [PMID: 26626856 PMCID: PMC4694069 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with reductions in nitric oxide bioavailability and changes in metabolic activity, which are implicated in declines in motor and cognitive function. In preclinical models, sodium nitrite supplementation (SN) increases plasma nitrite and improves motor function, whereas other nitric oxide-boosting agents improve cognitive function. This pilot study was designed to translate these findings to middle-aged and older (MA/O) humans to provide proof-of-concept support for larger trials. SN (10 weeks, 80 or 160 mg/day capsules, TheraVasc, Inc.) acutely and chronically increased plasma nitrite and improved performance on measures of motor and cognitive outcomes (all p<0.05 or better) in healthy MA/O adults (62 ± 7 years). Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that SN significantly altered 33 (160 mg/day) to 45 (80 mg/day) different metabolites, 13 of which were related to changes in functional outcomes; baseline concentrations of 99 different metabolites predicted functional improvements with SN. This pilot study provides the first evidence that SN improves aspects of motor and cognitive function in healthy MA/O adults, and that these improvements are associated with, and predicted by, the plasma metabolome. Our findings provide the necessary support for larger clinical trials on this promising pharmacological strategy for preserving physiological function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Justice
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Lawrence C Johnson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Allison E DeVan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Charmion Cruickshank-Quinn
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and National Jewish Hospital, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and National Jewish Hospital, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Candace J Bassett
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Trent D Evans
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Forrest A Brooks
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | - Michel B Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Matthew B McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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DeVan AE, Johnson LC, Brooks FA, Evans TD, Justice JN, Cruickshank-Quinn C, Reisdorph N, Bryan NS, McQueen MB, Santos-Parker JR, Chonchol MB, Bassett CJ, Sindler AL, Giordano T, Seals DR. Effects of sodium nitrite supplementation on vascular function and related small metabolite signatures in middle-aged and older adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 120:416-25. [PMID: 26607249 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00879.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays an important role in endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening with aging. Supplementation with sodium nitrite, a precursor of NO, ameliorates age-related vascular endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in mice, but effects on humans, including the metabolic pathways altered, are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of oral sodium nitrite supplementation for improving vascular function in middle-aged and older adults and to identify related circulating metabolites. Ten weeks of sodium nitrite (80 or 160 mg/day, capsules, TheraVasc; randomized, placebo control, double blind) increased plasma nitrite acutely (5- to 15-fold, P < 0.001 vs. placebo) and chronically (P < 0.10) and was well tolerated without symptomatic hypotension or clinically relevant elevations in blood methemoglobin. Endothelial function, measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, increased 45-60% vs. baseline (P < 0.10) without changes in body mass or blood lipids. Measures of carotid artery elasticity (ultrasound and applanation tonometry) improved (decreased β-stiffness index, increased cross-sectional compliance, P < 0.05) without changes in brachial or carotid artery blood pressure. Aortic pulse wave velocity was unchanged. Nitrite-induced changes in vascular measures were significantly related to 11 plasma metabolites identified by untargeted analysis. Baseline abundance of multiple metabolites, including glycerophospholipids and fatty acyls, predicted vascular changes with nitrite. This study provides evidence that sodium nitrite supplementation is well tolerated, increases plasma nitrite concentrations, improves endothelial function, and lessens carotid artery stiffening in middle-aged and older adults, perhaps by altering multiple metabolic pathways, thereby warranting a larger clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E DeVan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado;
| | - Lawrence C Johnson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Forrest A Brooks
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Trent D Evans
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jamie N Justice
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | | | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Matthew B McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | | | - Michel B Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Candace J Bassett
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Amy L Sindler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | | | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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Pierce GL, Jablonski KL, Walker AE, Seibert SM, DeVan AE, Black SM, Sharma S, Seals DR. Tetrahydrobiopterin supplementation enhances carotid artery compliance in healthy older men: a pilot study. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:1050-4. [PMID: 22673017 PMCID: PMC3482981 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2012.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed a pilot study to test the hypothesis that acute oral ingestion of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)), a key cofactor modulating vascular nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity, improves large elastic artery stiffness with aging in men. METHODS Healthy older (63 ± 2 years; n = 8) and young (age 25 ± 1 years; n = 6) men were studied 3 h after ingestion of BH(4) (10 mg·kg(-1) body weight) or placebo on separate days in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. RESULTS Baseline carotid artery compliance was 37% lower (0.17 ± 0.02 vs. 0.22 ± 0.02 mm/mm Hg·10(-1)) and β-stiffness was 42% higher (7.3 ± 1.1 vs. 4.2 ± 0.5 AU) in the older men (both P < 0.05). BH(4) ingestion markedly increased circulating BH(4) concentrations in both groups (17-19-fold, P < 0.05), but increased compliance (+39% to 0.23 ± 0.02 mm/mm Hg·10(-1), P < 0.01) and decreased β-stiffness index (-27% to 5.3 ± 0.7 AU, P < 0.01) only in the older men. BH(4) also reduced carotid systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the older men (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results support the possibility that limited BH(4) bioavailability contributes to impaired carotid artery compliance in healthy older men. Further studies are needed to determine if increasing BH(4) bioavailability though oral BH(4) supplementation may have therapeutic efficacy for improving large elastic artery compliance and reducing central SBP with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Pierce
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
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Racine ML, Geolfos CJ, DeVan AE, Gates PE, Chonchol M, Seals DR, Jablonski KL. Enhanced tetrahydrobiopterin contributes to sodium restriction‐induced improvements in large elastic artery compliance in older adults with elevated systolic blood pressure. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1131.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allison E DeVan
- Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado at BoulderBoulderCO
| | - Phillip E Gates
- Peninsula Medical SchoolUniversity of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and HypertensionUniversity of Colorado at DenverAuroraCO
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado at BoulderBoulderCO
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DeVan AE, Eskurza I, Pierce GL, Walker AE, Jablonski KL, Kaplon RE, Seals DR. Impaired fasting blood glucose‐related exacerbation of age‐associated vascular endothelial dysfunction: protective effect of regular aerobic exercise. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.865.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. DeVan
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO
| | - Iratxe Eskurza
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO
| | - Gary L. Pierce
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO
- Department of Health and Human PhysiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA
| | - Ashley E. Walker
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO
| | | | | | - Douglas R. Seals
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO
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Abstract
The demographics of ageing are changing dramatically such that there will be many more older adults in the near future. This setting is projected to produce a new 'boomer-driven' epidemic of physiological dysfunction, disability and risk of chronic degenerative disorders, including cardiovascular diseases. Standing out against this dreary biomedical forecast are Masters athletes, a group of middle-aged and older adults who engage in regular vigorous physical training and competitive sport. Compared with their sedentary/less active (untrained) peers, Masters athletes who perform endurance training-based activities demonstrate a more favourable arterial function-structure phenotype, including lower large elastic artery stiffness, enhanced vascular endothelial function and less arterial wall hypertrophy. As such, they may represent an exemplary model of healthy or 'successful' vascular ageing. In contrast, Masters athletes engaged primarily/exclusively in intensive resistance training exhibit less favourable arterial function-structure than their endurance-trained peers and, in some instances, untrained adults. These different arterial properties are probably explained in large part by the different intravascular mechanical forces generated during endurance versus resistance exercise-related training activities. The more favourable arterial function-structure profile of Masters endurance athletes may contribute to their low risk of clinical cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E DeVan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Ley O, Dhindsa M, Sommerlad SM, Barnes JN, DeVan AE, Naghavi M, Tanaka H. Use of temperature alterations to characterize vascular reactivity. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2010; 31:66-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.2010.00981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dhindsa M, Sommerlad SM, DeVan AE, Barnes JN, Sugawara J, Ley O, Tanaka H. Interrelationships among noninvasive measures of postischemic macro- and microvascular reactivity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 105:427-32. [PMID: 18483158 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90431.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical importance of vascular reactivity as an early marker of atherosclerosis has been well established, and a number of established and emerging techniques have been employed to provide measurements of peripheral vascular reactivity. However, relations between these methodologies are unclear as each technique evaluates different physiological aspects related to micro- and macrovascular reactive hyperemia. To address this question, a total of 40 apparently healthy normotensive adults, 19-68 yr old, underwent 5 min of forearm suprasystolic cuff-induced ischemia followed by postischemic measurements. Measurements of vascular reactivity included 1) flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), 2) changes in pulse wave velocity between the brachial and radial artery (DeltaPWV), 3) hyperemic shear stress, 4) reactive hyperemic flow, 5) reactive hyperemia index (RHI) assessed by fingertip arterial tonometry, 6) fingertip temperature rebound (TR), and 7) skin reactive hyperemia. FMD was significantly and positively associated with RHI (r=0.47) and TR (r=0.45) (both P<0.01) but not with reactive hyperemic flow or hyperemic shear stress. There was no correlation between two measures of macrovascular reactivity (FMD and DeltaPWV). Skin reactive hyperemia was significantly associated with RHI (r=0.55) and reactive hyperemic flow (r=0.35) (both P<0.05). There was a significant association between reactive hyperemia and RHI (r=0.30; P<0.05). In more than 75% of cases, vascular reactivity measures were not significantly associated. We concluded that associations among different measures of peripheral micro- and macrovascular reactivity were modest at best. These results suggest that different physiological mechanisms may be involved in changing different measures of vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Dhindsa
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Dhindsa MS, Sommerlad SM, DeVan AE, Barnes JN, Sugawara J, Tanaka H. Inter‐relationships between Noninvasive Measures of Peripheral Vascular Reactivity. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.967.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shawn M. Sommerlad
- Dept. of Kinesiology and Health EducationThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX
| | - Allison E. DeVan
- Dept. of Kinesiology and Health EducationThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX
| | - Jill N. Barnes
- Dept. of Kinesiology and Health EducationThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX
| | - Jun Sugawara
- Dept. of Kinesiology and Health EducationThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Dept. of Kinesiology and Health EducationThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX
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Dhindsa MS, Barnes JN, DeVan AE, Nualnim N, Tanaka H. Innovative Exercise Device that Simulates Horseback Riding. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000274378.88099.3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Anton MM, Cortez-Cooper MY, DeVan AE, Neidre DB, Cook JN, Tanaka H. Resistance training increases basal limb blood flow and vascular conductance in aging humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006; 101:1351-5. [PMID: 16840576 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00497.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related reductions in basal limb blood flow and vascular conductance are associated with the metabolic syndrome, functional impairments, and osteoporosis. We tested the hypothesis that a strength training program would increase basal femoral blood flow in aging adults. Twenty-six sedentary but healthy middle-aged and older subjects were randomly assigned to either a whole body strength training intervention group (52 +/- 2 yr, 3 men, 10 women) who underwent three supervised resistance training sessions per week for 13 wk or a control group (53 +/- 2 yr, 4 men, 9 women) who participated in a supervised stretching program. At baseline, there were no significant differences in blood pressure, cardiac output, basal femoral blood flow (via Doppler ultrasound), vascular conductance, and vascular resistance between the two groups. The strength training group increased maximal strength in all the major muscle groups tested (P < 0.05). Whole body lean body mass increased (P < 0.05) with strength training, but leg fat-free mass did not. Basal femoral blood flow and vascular conductance increased by 55-60% after strength training (both P < 0.05). No such changes were observed in the control group. In both groups, there were no significant changes in brachial blood pressure, plasma endothelin-1 and angiotensin II concentrations, femoral artery wall thickness, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance. Our results indicate that short-term strength training increases basal femoral blood flow and vascular conductance in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Anton
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Cook JN, DeVan AE, Schleifer JL, Anton MM, Cortez-Cooper MY, Tanaka H. Arterial Compliance of Rowers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200605001-01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cook JN, DeVan AE, Schleifer JL, Anton MM, Cortez-Cooper MY, Tanaka H. Arterial compliance of rowers: implications for combined aerobic and strength training on arterial elasticity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 290:H1596-600. [PMID: 16284225 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01054.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regular endurance exercise increases central arterial compliance, whereas resistance training decreases it. It is not known how the vasculature adapts to a combination of endurance and resistance training. Rowing is unique, because its training encompasses endurance- and strength-training components. We used a cross-sectional study design to determine arterial compliance of 15 healthy, habitual rowers [50 ± 9 (SD) yr, 11 men and 4 women] and 15 sedentary controls (52 ± 8 yr, 10 men and 5 women). Rowers had been training 5.4 ± 1.2 days/wk for 5.7 ± 4.0 yr. The two groups were matched for age, body composition, blood pressure, and metabolic risk factors. Central arterial compliance (simultaneous ultrasound and applanation tonometry on the common carotid artery) was higher ( P < 0.001) and carotid β-stiffness index was lower ( P < 0.001) in rowers than in sedentary controls. There were no group differences for measures of peripheral (femoral) arterial stiffness. The higher central arterial compliance in rowers was associated with a greater cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity, as estimated during a Valsalva maneuver ( r = 0.54, P < 0.005). In conclusion, regular rowing exercise in middle-aged and older adults is associated with a favorable effect on the elastic properties of the central arteries. Our results suggest that simultaneously performed endurance training may negate the stiffening effects of strength training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill N Cook
- Dept. of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Anton MM, Cortez‐Cooper MY, DeVan AE, Neidre DB, Cook JN, Tanaka H. Resistance Training Increases Basal Limb Blood Flow and Vascular Conductance in Aging Humans. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a813-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Anton
- Kinesiology and HEDUniversity of Texas at AustinBellmont Hall, Room 842AustinTexas78712
| | | | - Allison E DeVan
- Kinesiology and HEDUniversity of Texas at AustinBellmont Hall, Room 842AustinTexas78712
| | - Daria B Neidre
- Kinesiology and HEDUniversity of Texas at AustinBellmont Hall, Room 842AustinTexas78712
| | - Jill N Cook
- Kinesiology and HEDUniversity of Texas at AustinBellmont Hall, Room 842AustinTexas78712
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Kinesiology and HEDUniversity of Texas at AustinBellmont Hall, Room 842AustinTexas78712
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Cortez‐Cooper MY, Anton MM, DeVan AE, Neidre DB, Cook JN. Effects of strength training vs. stretching on central arterial compliance in older adults. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a814-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria M. Anton
- Kinesiology and Health EducationThe University of Texas222 Bellmont, D3700AustinTX78712
| | - Allison E. DeVan
- Kinesiology and Health EducationThe University of Texas222 Bellmont, D3700AustinTX78712
| | - Daria B. Neidre
- Kinesiology and Health EducationThe University of Texas222 Bellmont, D3700AustinTX78712
| | - Jill N. Cook
- Kinesiology and Health EducationThe University of Texas222 Bellmont, D3700AustinTX78712
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Anton MM, Cortez-Cooper MY, DeVan AE, Neidre DB, Cook JN, Tanaka H. Cigarette smoking, regular exercise, and peripheral blood flow. Atherosclerosis 2005; 185:201-5. [PMID: 16046216 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Revised: 05/14/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic smoking reduces peripheral blood flow and shear stress, contributing to the increased incidence of peripheral arterial disease in smokers. Currently, it is not known whether physical activity status influences peripheral blood flow among chronic smokers. Blood flow was measured using Doppler ultrasound on the common femoral artery in nine young otherwise healthy sedentary smokers (eight males/one female) and nine physically-active smokers (six males/three females). Physically-active smokers performed strenuous exercise 4.4 times/week for 8 h/week. No significant differences in body fat, blood pressure, and total cholesterol were observed between groups. Basal femoral artery blood flow was approximately 50% higher in physically-active smokers compared with sedentary smokers (259+/-108 ml min(-1) versus 173+/-47 ml min(-1), P<0.05). The higher basal femoral artery blood flow in physically-active smokers compared with sedentary smokers was associated with a 47% higher femoral artery vascular conductance (2.99+/-1.2 U versus 2.03+/-0.5 U, P<0.05) and a 39% lower vascular resistance (0.38+/-0.13 U versus 0.53+/-0.15 U, P<0.05). Cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, femoral intima-media thickness, and plasma norepinephrine concentration were not different between the groups. We concluded that smokers who habitually perform physical activity demonstrate greater levels of peripheral blood flow and peripheral vascular conductance. The findings from the present cross-sectional study suggest that chronic smokers may be able to negate, at least in part, the adverse effects of chronic smoking on the peripheral vasculature by performing regular physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Anton
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Cortez-Cooper MY, DeVan AE, Anton MM, Farrar RP, Beckwith KA, Todd JS, Tanaka H. Effects of high intensity resistance training on arterial stiffness and wave reflection in women. Am J Hypertens 2005; 18:930-4. [PMID: 16053989 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2004] [Revised: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies reported that chronic resistance training is associated with arterial stiffening in men. These findings are in marked contrast to those found with aerobic exercise and may have important clinical relevance with regard to cardiovascular disease risk. However, the effect of resistance training on arterial stiffness has not been confirmed by interventional studies nor has this relation been investigated in women. METHODS To determine whether a strength training program increases regional and central arterial stiffness in women, 23 healthy young women (29+/-1 years; mean+/-SD) participated in a high-intensity strength and power training program for 11 weeks. Ten other women (27+/-2 years) served as time controls. RESULTS In the intervention group, one repetition maximal strength increased 12% to 17% (P<.0001), and leg fat-free mass (via DEXA) increased significantly. Brachial blood pressure (BP) and fasting plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations did not change across the 11 weeks. Carotid augmentation index, a measure of arterial wave reflection and arterial stiffness, increased from -8%+/-13% to 1%+/-18% (P<.05), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity increased (791+/-88 v 833+/-96 cm/sec; P<.05). There were no changes in femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity, a segmental measure of peripheral arterial stiffness. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that a high-intensity resistance training program increases arterial stiffness and wave reflection in young healthy women. Our present interventional results are consistent with the previous cross-sectional studies in men in which high-intensity strength training is associated with arterial stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Y Cortez-Cooper
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Abstract
Decreased central arterial compliance is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Resistance training is associated with reductions in the elastic properties of central arteries. Currently, it is not known whether this reduction is from one bout of resistance exercise or from an adaptation to multiple bouts of resistance training. Sixteen healthy sedentary or recreationally active adults (11 men and 5 women, age 27 ± 1 yr) were studied under parallel experimental conditions on 2 separate days. The order of experiments was randomized between resistance exercise (9 resistance exercises at 75% of 1 repetition maximum) and sham control (seated rest in the exercise room). Baseline hemodynamic values were not different between the two experimental conditions. Carotid arterial compliance (via simultaneous B-mode ultrasound and applanation tonometry) decreased and β-stiffness index increased ( P < 0.01) immediately and 30 min after resistance exercise. Immediately after resistance exercise, carotid systolic blood pressure increased ( P < 0.01), although no changes were observed in brachial systolic blood pressure at any time points. These measures returned to baseline values within 60 min after the completion of resistance exercise. No significant changes in these variables were observed during the sham control condition. These results indicate that one bout of resistance exercise acutely decreases central arterial compliance, but this effect is sustained for <60 min after the completion of resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E DeVan
- Dept. of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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DeVan AE, Anton MM, Cook JN, Cortez-Cooper MY, Neidre DB, Tanaka H. Acute Effects Of Resistance Exercise On Central Arterial Compliance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200505001-00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sugawara J, Hayashi K, Yokoi T, Cortez-Cooper MY, DeVan AE, Anton MA, Tanaka H. Brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity: an index of central arterial stiffness? J Hum Hypertens 2005; 19:401-6. [PMID: 15729378 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a promising technique to assess arterial stiffness conveniently. However, it is not known whether baPWV is associated with well-established indices of central arterial stiffness. We determined the relation of baPWV with aortic (carotid-femoral) PWV, leg (femoral-ankle) PWV, and carotid augmentation index (AI) by using both cross-sectional and interventional approaches. First, we studied 409 healthy adults aged 18-76 years. baPWV correlated significantly with aortic PWV (r = 0.76), leg PWV (r = 0.76), and carotid AI (r = 0.52). A stepwise regression analysis revealed that aortic PWV was the primary independent correlate of baPWV, explaining 58% of the total variance in baPWV. Additional 23% of the variance was explained by leg PWV. Second, 13 sedentary healthy men were studied before and after a 16-week moderate aerobic exercise intervention (brisk walking to jogging; 30-45 min/day; 4-5 days/week). Reductions in aortic PWV observed with the exercise intervention were significantly and positively associated with the corresponding changes in baPWV (r = 0.74). A stepwise regression analysis revealed that changes in aortic PWV were the only independent correlate of changes in baPWV (beta = 0.74), explaining 55% of the total variance. These results suggest that baPWV may provide qualitatively similar information to those derived from central arterial stiffness although some portions of baPWV may be determined by peripheral arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sugawara
- Institute for Human Science and Bioengineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.
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DeVan AE, Lacy BK, Cortez-Cooper MY, Tanaka H. Post-Exercise Palpation of Pulse Rates. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-200405001-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Olive JL, DeVan AE, McCully KK. Correction: The effects of aging and activity on muscle blood flow. Dyn Med 2003; 2:3. [PMID: 12892564 PMCID: PMC169182 DOI: 10.1186/1476-5918-2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2003] [Accepted: 07/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Olive
- University of Georgia, Department of Exercise Science, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Allison E DeVan
- University of Georgia, Department of Exercise Science, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kevin K McCully
- University of Georgia, Department of Exercise Science, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Our purpose was to determine if aging had an influence on muscle blood flow independent of habitual physical activity levels. METHODS Blood flow was measured in the femoral artery by Doppler ultrasound after cuff occlusion of 10 minutes. Active and inactive older subjects (73 +/- 7 years) were compared to active and inactive young subjects (26 +/- 6 years). RESULTS Peak blood flow capacity when normalized to lean muscle mass was related to activity level (p < 0.001), but not to age. Specifically, the young active group had higher peak blood flows than the young inactive (p = 0.031) or older inactive (p = 0.005) groups. Resting blood flow and conductance were not significantly different between groups. Mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in the older compared to young group (p = 0.002). Conductance was related to both activity (p = 0.002) and age (p = 0.003). A prolonged time for blood flow to recover was found in the older compared to the young group (p = 0.038) independent of activity status. CONCLUSIONS The prolonged recovery time in the older subjects may suggest a reduced vascular reactivity associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Peak blood flow capacity is maintained in older subjects by physical activity. In summary, maximal flow capacity and prolonged recovery of blood flow are influenced by different mechanisms in young and older active and inactive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Olive
- University of Georgia, Department of Exercise Science, Athens, GA 30602
- Current address: University of Washington Medical School, Department of Radiology, Seattle, WA
| | - Allison E DeVan
- University of Georgia, Department of Exercise Science, Athens, GA 30602
- Current address: University of Texas, Department of Exercise Science, Austin, TX
| | - Kevin K McCully
- University of Georgia, Department of Exercise Science, Athens, GA 30602
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