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Sanderson WC, Arunagiri V, Funk AP, Ginsburg KL, Krychiw JK, Limowski AR, Olesnycky OS, Stout Z. The Nature and Treatment of Pandemic-Related Psychological Distress. J Contemp Psychother 2020; 50:251-263. [PMID: 32836377 PMCID: PMC7320243 DOI: 10.1007/s10879-020-09463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis has created a “mental health pandemic” throughout the world. Scientific data are not available to fully understand the nature of the resulting mental health impact given the very recent onset of the pandemic, nevertheless, there is a need to act immediately to develop psychotherapeutic strategies that may alleviate pandemic-related distress. The psychological distress, in particular fear and sadness, is a function of the pandemic’s negative impact upon people’s ability to meet their most basic needs (e.g., physical safety, financial security, social connection, participation in meaningful activities). This paper presents evidence-based cognitive behavioral strategies that should prove useful in reducing the emotional suffering associated with the COVID crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allison P Funk
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA
| | - Karen L Ginsburg
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA
| | | | - Anne R Limowski
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA
| | | | - Zoe Stout
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549 USA
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Weinberger AH, Smith PH, Funk AP, Rabin S, Shuter J. Sex Differences in Tobacco Use Among Persons Living With HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 74:439-453. [PMID: 28002182 PMCID: PMC5321840 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) smoke at higher rates than other adults and experience HIV-related and non-HIV-related adverse smoking consequences. This study conducted a systematic review to synthesize current knowledge about sex differences in smoking behaviors among PLWH. METHODS Over 3000 abstracts from MEDLINE were reviewed and 79 publications met all the review inclusion criteria (ie, reported data on smoking behaviors for PLWH by sex). Sufficient data were available to conduct a meta-analysis for one smoking variable: current smoking prevalence. RESULTS Across studies (n = 51), the meta-analytic prevalence of current smoking among female PLWH was 36.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.0% to 45.4%) and male PLWH was 50.3% (95% CI: 44.4% to 56.2%; meta-analytic odds ratio = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.29 to 2.45). When analyses were repeated just on the US studies (n = 23), the prevalence of current smoking was not significantly different for female PLWH (55.1%, 95% CI: 47.6% to 62.5%) compared with male PLWH (55.5%, 95% CI: 48.2% to 62.5%; meta-analytic odds ratio = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.26). Few studies reported data by sex for other smoking variables (eg, quit attempts, noncigarette tobacco product use) and results for many variables were mixed. DISCUSSION Unlike the general US population, there was no difference in smoking prevalence for female versus male PLWH (both >50%) indicating that HIV infection status was associated with a greater relative increase in smoking for women than men. More research is needed in all areas of smoking behavior of PLWH to understand similarities and differences by sex to provide the best interventions to reduce the high smoking prevalence for all sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Weinberger
- *Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY; †Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ‡Department of Community Health and Social Medicine, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY; §Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY; ‖Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, NY; and ¶AIDS Center and Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Weinberger AH, Funk AP, Goodwin RD. A review of epidemiologic research on smoking behavior among persons with alcohol and illicit substance use disorders. Prev Med 2016; 92:148-159. [PMID: 27196143 PMCID: PMC5085842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Persons with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs) appear to be heavily affected by cigarette smoking. In order to address the consequences of smoking in this population, an understanding of the current state of knowledge is needed. Epidemiologic research provides the opportunity to obtain detailed information on smoking behaviors in large community samples. The aim of this paper was to synthesize the epidemiologic evidence on smoking among persons with AUDs/SUDs and suggest directions for future research. Literature searches of Medline and PubMed were used to identify articles and additional articles were elicited from publication reference lists. To be included in the review, papers had to be published in English, analyze epidemiologic data, and examine an aspect of smoking behavior in persons with AUDs/SUDs. Twenty-nine studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. In summary, epidemiologic evidence to date suggests greater lifetime and current smoking, nicotine dependence, and non-cigarette tobacco use; lower quitting; and differences in quit attempts and withdrawal symptoms for persons with AUDs/SUDs compared to other people. Most studies examined nationally representative data and were conducted on persons in the United States and Australia. Few publications examined outcomes by demographics (e.g., gender, age) but these studies suggested that specific patterns differ by demographic subgroups. More research is needed on persons with AUDs/SUDs in order to develop the most effective public health and clinical interventions to reduce smoking behaviors, improve cessation outcomes, and reduce the harmful consequences of smoking for those with AUDs/SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Allison P Funk
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Renee D Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), Queens, NY 11367, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Weinberger AH, Kashan RS, Shpigel DM, Esan H, Taha F, Lee CJ, Funk AP, Goodwin RD. Depression and cigarette smoking behavior: A critical review of population-based studies. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2016; 43:416-431. [DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2016.1171327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H. Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rachel S. Kashan
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Hannah Esan
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Farah Taha
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), Queens, NY, USA
| | - Christine J. Lee
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Allison P. Funk
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Renee D. Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), Queens, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Marderosian M, Sharma A, Funk AP, Vartanian R, Masri J, Jo OD, Gera JF. Tristetraprolin regulates Cyclin D1 and c-Myc mRNA stability in response to rapamycin in an Akt-dependent manner via p38 MAPK signaling. Oncogene 2006; 25:6277-90. [PMID: 16702957 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The differential expression of the critical cell cycle control proteins cyclin D1 and c-myc has been shown to result in Akt-dependent hypersensitivity of tumor cells to mTOR inhibitors. We have previously demonstrated that the differential utilization of internal ribosome entry sites within the mRNAs of these transcripts allows maintenance of protein synthesis in the face of rapamycin (rapa) exposure in an Akt-dependent manner. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to this mechanism, cyclin D1 and c-myc mRNA stability is also coordinately regulated following rapa treatment depending on Akt activity status. We identify A/U-rich response elements within the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of these transcripts, which confer the observed differential stabilities and show that the RNA-binding protein, tristetraprolin (TTP), interacts with these elements. We also present evidence that TTP accumulates in response to rapa exposure, binds to the cis-acting elements within the cyclin D1 and c-myc 3' UTRs and is differentially serine phosphorylated in an Akt-dependent manner. Furthermore, the differential phosphorylation status of TTP results in its sequestration by 14-3-3 proteins in quiescent Akt-containing cells. Finally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of TTP expression or inhibiting a known regulator of TTP phosphorylation, p38 MAP kinase, abolishes the effects on cyclin D1 and c-myc mRNA stability. We assume that the differential control of cyclin D1 and c-myc mRNA stability and translational efficiency constitutes a coordinate response to rapa contributing to the maintenance of expression of these determinants in rapa-resistant quiescent Akt-containing cells following exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marderosian
- Department of Research & Development, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Sepulveda, CA 91343, USA
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Funk AP, Rosa MG. Visual responses of neurones in the second visual area of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) after lesions of striate cortex. J Physiol 1998; 513 ( Pt 2):507-19. [PMID: 9806999 PMCID: PMC2231283 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.507bb.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The first (V1) and second (V2) cortical visual areas exist in all mammals. However, the functional relationship between these areas varies between species. While in monkeys the responses of V2 cells depend on inputs from V1, in all non-primates studied so far V2 cells largely retain responsiveness to photic stimuli after destruction of V1. 2. We studied the visual responsiveness of neurones in V2 of flying foxes after total or partial lesions of the primary visual cortex (V1). The main finding was that visual responses can be evoked in the region of V2 corresponding, in visuotopic co-ordinates, to the lesioned portion of V1 ('lesion projection zone'; LPZ). 3. The visuotopic organization of V2 was not altered by V1 lesions. 4. The proportion of neurones with strong visual responses was significantly lower within the LPZs (31.5 %) than outside these zones, or in non-lesioned control hemispheres ( > 70 %). LPZ cells showed weak direction and orientation bias, and responded consistently only at low spatial and temporal frequencies. 5. The data demonstrate that the functional relationship between V1 and V2 of flying foxes resembles that observed in non-primate mammals. This observation contrasts with the 'primate-like' characteristics of the flying fox visual system reported by previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Funk
- Vision, Touch & Hearing Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
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Brookler MI, Funk AP. The rheumatic manifestations of rubella. A report of seven cases. Calif Med 1967; 107:422-4. [PMID: 6083247 PMCID: PMC1502993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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