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Ben-David A, Meyer R, Mazaki-Tovi S. The association between maternal colonization with Group B Streptococcus and infectious morbidity following transcervical Foley catheter-assisted labor induction. J Perinat Med 2024; 52:65-70. [PMID: 37851590 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2023-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether maternal colonization with Group B Streptococcus increases the risk for infectious morbidity following transcervical Foley catheter-assisted cervical ripening. METHODS A retrospective cohort study comparing infectious morbidity and other clinical outcomes by Group B Streptococcus colonization status between all women with singleton pregnancies who underwent Foley catheter-assisted cervical ripening labor induction at a single tertiary medical center during 2011-2021. Multivariable logistic regression explored the relationship between Group B Streptococcus colonization to adverse outcomes while adjusting for relevant clinical variables. RESULTS A total of 4,409 women were included of whom 886 (20.1 %) were considered Group B Streptococcus carriers and 3,523 (79.9 %) were not. Suspected neonatal sepsis rate was similar between Group B Streptococcus carriers and non-carriers (5.2 vs. 5.0 %, respectively, p=0.78). Neonatal sepsis was confirmed in 7 (0.02 %) cases, all born to non-carriers. Group B Streptococcus carriers had a higher rate of maternal bacteremia compared to non-carriers (1.2 vs. 0.5 %, respectively, p=0.01). Group B Streptococcus colonization was independently associated with maternal bacteremia (adjusted odds ratio 3.05; 95 %CI 1.39, 6.66). CONCLUSIONS Group B Streptococcus colonization among women undergoing Foley catheter-assisted cervical ripening does not seem to increase the risk for neonatal infection. However, higher rates of maternal bacteremia were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Ben-David
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raanan Meyer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Shai D, Meyer R, Levin G, Touval O, Ben-David A, Yagel I, Mashiach R, Cohen SB. Single-dose methotrexate-based protocol for the treatment of caesarean scar pregnancy and successive pregnancy outcomes. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:582-588. [PMID: 34459324 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2021.1969598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) increases in recent years. Yet, the best mode of treatment and its effects on successive pregnancies is not well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the success rate of single-dose methotrexate (MTX) in the management of CSP, and the outcomes of subsequent pregnancies in a retrospective cohort study. All women who were treated for CSPs between the years 2011 and 2019 were included. Treatment included systemic MTX and ultrasound-guided needle aspiration (UGNA) in cases with active foetal heartbeat. Overall, 34 women were diagnosed with CSP, of whom 31 were treated with systemic MTX. Twelve patients (38.7%) needed additional curettage or hysteroscopy. The only identified risk factor for failure of MTX-based treatment was time interval between the previous caesarean delivery and CSP (22 vs 34 months, p = 0.04). Twelve women had a subsequent pregnancy. Five pregnancies ended in term delivery, three in preterm delivery, three in abortion and one woman had a recurrent CSP. The study conclusion is that a single dose MTX with UGNA in cases of active heartbeat is an effective mode of treatment in cases of CSP with good sequential pregnancy outcomes. Longer time interval from the previous caesarean delivery was identified as a risk factor for failure of conservative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Raanan Meyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabriel Levin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Touval
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alon Ben-David
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai Yagel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Mashiach
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo B Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Rosenfeld R, Alcalay R, Zvi A, Ben-David A, Noy-Porat T, Chitlaru T, Epstein E, Israeli O, Lazar S, Caspi N, Barnea A, Dor E, Chomsky I, Pitel S, Makdasi E, Zichel R, Mazor O. Centaur antibodies: Engineered chimeric equine-human recombinant antibodies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:942317. [PMID: 36059507 PMCID: PMC9437483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper-immune antisera from large mammals, in particular horses, are routinely used for life-saving anti-intoxication intervention. While highly efficient, the use of these immunotherapeutics is complicated by possible recipient reactogenicity and limited availability. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for alternative improved next-generation immunotherapies to respond to this issue of high public health priority. Here, we document the development of previously unavailable tools for equine antibody engineering. A novel primer set, EquPD v2020, based on equine V-gene data, was designed for efficient and accurate amplification of rearranged horse antibody V-segments. The primer set served for generation of immune phage display libraries, representing highly diverse V-gene repertoires of horses immunized against botulinum A or B neurotoxins. Highly specific scFv clones were selected and expressed as full-length antibodies, carrying equine V-genes and human Gamma1/Lambda constant genes, to be referred as “Centaur antibodies”. Preliminary assessment in a murine model of botulism established their therapeutic potential. The experimental approach detailed in the current report, represents a valuable tool for isolation and engineering of therapeutic equine antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Rosenfeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
- *Correspondence: Ronit Rosenfeld, ; Ohad Mazor,
| | - Ron Alcalay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Anat Zvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Alon Ben-David
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Tal Noy-Porat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Theodor Chitlaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Epstein
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ofir Israeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shirley Lazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Noa Caspi
- Veterinary Center for Preclinical Research, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ada Barnea
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Eyal Dor
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Inbar Chomsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shani Pitel
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Efi Makdasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ran Zichel
- Department of Biotechnology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ohad Mazor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
- *Correspondence: Ronit Rosenfeld, ; Ohad Mazor,
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Achiron A, Ben-David A, Gurevich M, Magalashvili D, Menascu S, Dolev M, Stern Y, Ziv-Baran T. Parity and disability progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2020; 267:3753-3762. [PMID: 32725314 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM It is unclear whether parity and increasing parity are risk factors for long-term disability progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, data on the effects of immunomodulatory treatments in this context are limited. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between parity and long-term neurological sequela among relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. METHODS A cohort study including all women with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in Israel registered in Sheba Medical Center Multiple Sclerosis data registry from 1995 to 2018. The risks of progression to moderate and severe disability according to parity after disease onset were evaluated. Cox regression models using childbirth as a time-dependent covariate were used to study the association between parity and disability progression. RESULTS During the 26,785 person-years of follow-up a total of 2281 women were included in the study. Parity was associated with decreased risk of progression to moderate (adj.HR, 0.68; 95% CI 0.54-0.85, P = 0.001) but not to severe disability (adj.HR, 0.88; 95% CI 0.68-1.14, P = 0.36). Hazard ratios for progression to moderate and severe disability were comparable between women with one, two, and three or more births. In a subgroup analysis of women who gave birth within 5 years of disease onset, immunomodulatory treatment did not affect moderate or severe disability-free survival. CONCLUSION This study suggests that childbirth after the onset of multiple sclerosis is associated with a decreased risk of progression to moderate neurological disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Achiron
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Alon Ben-David
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Gurevich
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David Magalashvili
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shay Menascu
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Mark Dolev
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Stern
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tomer Ziv-Baran
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Ben-David A, Meyer R, Mohr-Sasson A, Mashiach R. Nonsurgical Management of Interstitial Pregnancies: Feasibility and Predictors of Treatment Failure. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020; 27:625-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Ben-David A, Zlatkin R, Bookstein-Peretz S, Meyer R, Mazaki-Tovi S, Yinon Y. 206: Does antenatal corticosteroids treatment in twin pregnancies prior to late preterm birth reduce neonatal morbidity? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kirshenbaum M, Ben-David A, Zilberberg E, Elkan-Miller T, Haas J, Orvieto R. Influence of seasonal variation on in vitro fertilization success. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199210. [PMID: 29975717 PMCID: PMC6033407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the influence of seasonal variation on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome in a large cohort population. Methods & materials A total of 5,765 IVF cycles conducted in Sheba medical center between 2013 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment cycles included 4214 ovarian stimulation and ovum pick up (OPU) cycles of which 3020 resulted in fresh embryo transfer and 1551 vitrified- warmed cycles of which1400 resulted in warmed embryo transfer. Cycles were assigned to seasons according to the date of OPU for fresh embryo transfer cycles or according to the date of embryo warming for vitrified warmed embryo transfer cycles. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the calendar months or seasons concerning the number of oocytes retrieved or fertilization rate in the fresh cycles. Throughout the 4 years of the study, the monthly clinical pregnancy rate fluctuated between 18.2% and 27.9% per fresh embryo transfer (mean 23.3%) and between 17.7% and 29.4% per vitrified warmed embryo transfer (mean 23%). These fluctuations did not follow any specific seasonal pattern. Conclusions Our study did not demonstrate any significant influence of the calendar months or seasons on the clinical pregnancy rates of fresh or vitrified warmed embryo transfers. It might be speculated that the complete pharmaceutical control of the ovarian and endometrial function, as well as the homogeneous treatments, procedures and laboratory equipment used during the study period have lowered the influence of seasonal effect on IVF treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kirshenbaum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Alon Ben-David
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Zilberberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Elkan-Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jigal Haas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raoul Orvieto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Tarnesby-Tarnowski Chair for Family Planning and Fertility Regulation, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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Mandel R, Harazy H, Gygax L, Nicol CJ, Ben-David A, Whay HR, Klement E. Short communication: Detection of lameness in dairy cows using a grooming device. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:1511-1517. [PMID: 29153531 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lameness in dairy cattle is a common welfare problem with significant economic implications. All too often, appropriate treatment is delayed or neglected due to insufficient detection of lame cows. Brush usage is considered a low-resilience activity; that is, one that typically decreases when energy resources are limited or when the cost involved in the activity increases, such as during sickness and stress. The aim of this study was to determine the association between brush usage and different degrees of lameness. Locomotion scores of 209 lactating Holstein dairy cows were collected individually once a week for 14 consecutive weeks, using a 5-point visual assessment scoring system (1 = nonlame, 2 = uneven gait, 3 = mild lameness, 4 = lameness, 5 = severe lameness). Daily brush usage was collected automatically from 3 cowsheds of similar size and structure located on a commercial dairy farm. In each of the 3 cowsheds, 2 brushes were installed, one next to the feed bunk, and the other away from the feed bunk (on the opposite side of the cowshed). Linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association between locomotion scores and daily measures of brush usage. We found a significant interaction between locomotion score and brush location (near to/distant from feed bunk) on the daily proportion of cows using the brush at least once and on daily duration of brush usage. Specifically, we showed that lame and severely lame cows did not use brushes that were installed away from the feed bunk but continued to use brushes that were installed next to the feed bunk. Brush usage by cows with uneven gait (locomotion score 2) or with mild lameness (locomotion score 3) did not differ from that of nonlame cows (locomotion score 1). The results of this study suggest that monitoring of daily usage of brushes located away from the feed bunk could be a useful method for detecting lameness and severe lameness in dairy cows. However, the use of this method to detect mild lameness or cases of abnormal gait is, at this stage, less promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mandel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - H Harazy
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - L Gygax
- Centre for Proper Housing of Ruminants and Pigs, Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Agroscope Tänikon, Switzerland
| | - C J Nicol
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - A Ben-David
- Hachaklait Veterinary Services Ltd., PO Box 3039 Caesarea, Israel
| | - H R Whay
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, BS40 5DU, United Kingdom
| | - E Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Bar-On S, Ben-David A, Levin I, Ostrovsky L, Many A, Rattan G. The Rapid Learning Curve of Office Operative Hysteroscopy: A Single Surgeon Succeeding by Doing. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2016.08.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Adi-Bensaid L, Ben-David A, Tubul-Lavy G. Content words in Hebrew child-directed speech. Infant Behav Dev 2015; 40:231-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Eliahou
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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12
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Kukuy OL, Livneh A, Ben-David A, Kopolovic J, Volkov A, Shinar Y, Holtzman E, Dinour D, Ben-Zvi I. P01-030 – Proteinuria in FMF – prediction of nephropathy type. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3952644 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s1-a34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ben-David A, Bravman T, Balazs YS, Czjzek M, Schomburg D, Shoham G, Shoham Y. Glycosynthase activity of Geobacillus stearothermophilus GH52 beta-xylosidase: efficient synthesis of xylooligosaccharides from alpha-D-xylopyranosyl fluoride through a conjugated reaction. Chembiochem 2008; 8:2145-51. [PMID: 17955483 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glycosynthases are mutant glycosidases in which the acidic nucleophile is replaced by a small inert residue. In the presence of glycosyl fluorides of the opposite anomeric configuration (to that of their natural substrates), these enzymes can catalyze glycosidic bond formation with various acceptors. In this study we demonstrate that XynB2E335G, a nucleophile-deficient mutant of a glycoside hydrolase family 52 beta-xylosidase from G. stearothermophilus, can function as an efficient glycosynthase, using alpha-D-xylopyranosyl fluoride as a donor and various aryl sugars as acceptors. The mutant enzyme can also catalyze the self-condensation reaction of alpha-D-xylopyranosyl fluoride, providing mainly alpha-D-xylobiosyl fluoride. The self-condensation kinetics exhibited apparent classical Michaelis-Menten behavior, with kinetic constants of 1.3 s(-1) and 2.2 mM for k(cat) and K(M(acceptor)), respectively, and a k(cat)/K(M(acceptor)) value of 0.59 s(-1) mM(-1). When the beta-xylosidase E335G mutant was combined with a glycoside hydrolase family 10 glycosynthase, high-molecular-weight xylooligomers were readily obtained from the affordable alpha-D-xylopyranosyl fluoride as the sole substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Ben-David
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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15
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Kukuy OL, Kopolovic J, Blau A, Ben-David A, Lotan D, Shaked M, Shinar Y, Dinour D, Langevitz P, Livneh A. Mutations in the familial Mediterranean fever gene of patients with IgA nephropathy and other forms of glomerulonephritis. Clin Genet 2007; 73:146-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Solnik-Isaac H, Weinberger M, Tabak M, Ben-David A, Shachar D, Yaron S. Quinolone resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow isolates from humans and poultry in Israel: evidence for clonal expansion. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:2575-9. [PMID: 17596371 PMCID: PMC1951243 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00062-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow is highly prevalent in humans and farm animals in Israel. In addition to high rates of resistance to multiple antibiotics, this serovar exhibits a high incidence of resistance to nalidixic acid. More than 90% of Salmonella serovar Virchow isolates of human and poultry origin obtained from 1997 to 2004 were resistant to nalidixic acid (MIC > or = 128 microg/ml), with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC between 0.125 and 0.250 microg/ml). Most isolates belonged to two predominant, closely related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis image types. Investigation of the mechanisms of quinolone resistance revealed that this pathogen probably emerged from a parental clone that overproduced the AcrAB efflux pump and had a single point mutation in gyrA leading to the Asp87Tyr substitution. The close resemblance between human and poultry isolates points to poultry as a likely source of Salmonella serovar Virchow in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Solnik-Isaac
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
The rapid growth of modern broilers is associated with enhanced appetite and high metabolic rate and, consequently, high O(2) demand. Ascites syndrome (AS) develops in individuals that fail to fully supply the increasing demand for O(2) in their bodies under ascites-inducing conditions (AIC) such as high altitude or low temperatures. The tendency of broilers to develop AS is heritable, but efficacious selection against AS susceptibility (without affecting the normal expression of other important traits) requires identification of indirect selection criteria. In the present study, divergent AS-susceptible (AS-S) and AS-resistant (AS-R) lines were developed to confirm the heritability of AS and to facilitate future detection of criteria for indirect selection against AS susceptibility. The base population consisted of 85 sire families with a mean of 73 progeny per sire, reared in a commercial broiler house under low-challenge AIC (cold environment and pelleted feed). Chicks dying with AS manifestations were designated AS-susceptible, whereas the surviving birds were designated AS-resistant. By the end of the trial (d 48), AS mortality had accumulated to 17.2%, but AS incidence per family (%ASF) ranged from 0 to 49%, with a high heritability (0.57). Parents of 7 families with very high %ASF produced the first generation (S(1)) of the AS-S line, and parents of 7 families with very low %ASF produced the S(1) of the AS-R line. The S(1) males and females reproduced generation S(2) of the selected lines, whereas additional S(1) males were tested under high-challenge AIC (individual cages, cool wind, and pelleted feed). Progeny testing under this high-challenge AIC, followed by sib selection, was repeated in generations S(2) and S(3), resulting in a divergence of 86.6% in the incidence of AS between the AS-S (91.3%) and AS-R (4.7%) lines. The rapid genetic divergence, and family analysis of %ASF suggested that a single or few major genes are responsible for the difference between the 2 selected lines. These lines may facilitate more sensitive and effective genomic research aimed at detecting these genes or identifying the primary physiological cause of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Druyan
- Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Brüx C, Ben-David A, Shallom-Shezifi D, Leon M, Niefind K, Shoham G, Shoham Y, Schomburg D. The structure of an inverting GH43 beta-xylosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus with its substrate reveals the role of the three catalytic residues. J Mol Biol 2006; 359:97-109. [PMID: 16631196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
beta-D-Xylosidases are glycoside hydrolases that catalyze the release of xylose units from short xylooligosaccharides and are engaged in the final breakdown of plant cell-wall hemicellulose. Here we describe the enzyme-substrate crystal structure of an inverting family 43 beta-xylosidase, from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T-6 (XynB3). Each XynB3 monomeric subunit is organized in two domains: an N-terminal five-bladed beta-propeller catalytic domain, and a beta-sandwich domain. The active site possesses a pocket topology, which is mainly constructed from the beta-propeller domain residues, and is closed on one side by a loop that originates from the beta-sandwich domain. This loop restricts the length of xylose units that can enter the active site, consistent with the exo mode of action of the enzyme. Structures of the enzyme-substrate (xylobiose) complex provide insights into the role of the three catalytic residues. The xylose moiety at the -1 subsite is held by a large number of hydrogen bonds, whereas only one hydroxyl of the xylose unit at the +1 subsite can create hydrogen bonds with the enzyme. The general base, Asp15, is located on the alpha-side of the -1 xylose sugar ring, 5.2 Angstroms from the anomeric carbon. This location enables it to activate a water molecule for a single-displacement attack on the anomeric carbon, resulting in inversion of the anomeric configuration. Glu187, the general acid, is 2.4 Angstroms from the glycosidic oxygen atom and can protonate the leaving aglycon. The third catalytic carboxylic acid, Asp128, is 4 Angstroms from the general acid; modulating its pK(a) and keeping it in the correct orientation relative to the substrate. In addition, Asp128 plays an important role in substrate binding via the 2-O of the glycon, which is important for the transition-state stabilization. Taken together, these key roles explain why Asp128 is an invariant among all five-bladed beta-propeller glycoside hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brüx
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Germany
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Brüx C, Niefind K, Ben-David A, Leon M, Shoham G, Shoham Y, Schomburg D. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a family 43 beta-D-xylosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T-6. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2005; 61:1054-7. [PMID: 16511233 PMCID: PMC1978154 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309105036262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Beta-D-Xylosidases (EC 3.2.1.37) are hemicellulases that cleave single xylose units from the nonreducing end of xylooligomers. In this study, the crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a beta-D-xylosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T-6 (XynB3), a family 43 glycoside hydrolase, is described. XynB3 is a 535-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of 61 891 Da. Purified recombinant native and catalytic inactive mutant proteins were crystallized and cocrystallized with xylobiose in two different space groups, P2(1)2(1)2 (unit-cell parameters a = 98.32, b = 99.36, c = 258.64 A) and P4(1)2(1)2 (or the enantiomorphic space group P4(3)2(1)2; unit-cell parameters a = b = 140.15, c = 233.11 A), depending on the detergent. Transferring crystals to cryoconditions required a very careful protocol. Orthorhombic crystals diffract to 2.5 A and tetragonal crystals to 2.2 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brüx
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Alon Ben-David
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maya Leon
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Shoham
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and The Laboratory for Structural Chemistry and Biology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Shoham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Shallom D, Leon M, Bravman T, Ben-David A, Zaide G, Belakhov V, Shoham G, Schomburg D, Baasov T, Shoham Y. Biochemical Characterization and Identification of the Catalytic Residues of a Family 43 β-d-Xylosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T-6. Biochemistry 2004; 44:387-97. [PMID: 15628881 DOI: 10.1021/bi048059w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Beta-D-xylosidases are hemilcellulases that hydrolyze short xylooligosaccharides into xylose units. Here, we describe the characterization and kinetic analysis of a family 43 beta-xylosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T-6 (XynB3). Enzymes in this family use an inverting single-displacement mechanism with two conserved carboxylic acids, a general acid, and a general base. XynB3 was most active at 65 degrees C and pH 6.5, with clear preference to xylose-based substrates. Products analysis indicated that XynB3 is an exoglycosidase that cleaves single xylose units from the nonreducing end of xylooligomers. On the basis of sequence homology, amino acids Asp15 and Glu187 were suggested to act as the general-base and general-acid catalytic residues, respectively. Kinetic analysis with substrates bearing different leaving groups showed that, for the wild-type enzyme, the k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m) values were only marginally affected by the leaving-group reactivity, whereas for the E187G mutant, both values exhibited significantly greater dependency on the pK(a) of the leaving group. The pH-dependence activity profile of the putative general-acid mutant (E187G) revealed that the protonated catalytic residue was removed. Addition of the exogenous nucleophile azide did not affect the activities of the wild type or the E187G mutant but rescued the activity of the D15G mutant. On the basis of thin-layer chromatography and (1)H NMR analyses, xylose and not xylose azide was the only product of the accelerated reaction, suggesting that the azide ion does not attack the anomeric carbon directly but presumably activates a water molecule. Together, these results confirm the suggested catalytic role of Glu187 and Asp15 in XynB3 and provide the first unequivocal evidence regarding the exact roles of the catalytic residues in an inverting GH43 glycosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Shallom
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Yunis R, Ben-David A, Heller ED, Cahaner A. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between antibody responses to Escherichia coli, infectious bursa disease virus (IBDV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), in broiler lines selected on antibody response to Escherichia coli. Poult Sci 2002; 81:302-8. [PMID: 11902404 DOI: 10.1093/ps/81.3.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic control of antibody (Ab) response to Escherichia coli (EC), infectious bursa disease virus, and Newcastle disease virus and the genetic and phenotypic correlation between these Ab responses, were evaluated under farm conditions in which chicks were simultaneously exposed to these antigens. The experimental population comprised five groups: two lines divergently selected for high (HH) or low (LL) Ab response to EC vaccination; a commercial broiler dam-line (CC), from which HH and LL had been derived; and the HH x CC and LL x CC hybrid groups (HC and LC, respectively). Lines LL and HH expressed similar symmetric divergence to all three antigens. The ranking of the LL, LC, CC, HC, and HH genetic groups according to their mean Ab responses and their very high linear correlation with the LL vs. HH genomic scale clearly indicate the additive nature of the genetic divergence between these lines. Several estimates of correlation were calculated between Ab responses of each pair of antigens and between BW and Ab to each antigen. The high correlation between group means, the near-zero within-group correlation, and the low phenotypic correlation indicate the strongly positive genetic correlation between Ab responses and no correlation with BW. The results of this study suggest that overall immunocompetence of commercial broilers can be improved by selection for high Ab response of young chicks to controlled immunization with a single antigen, without counteracting further selection for high BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yunis
- The Hebrew University, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
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Yunis R, Ben-David A, Heller ED, Cahaner A. Antibody responses and morbidity following infection with infectious bronchitis virus and challenge with Escherichia coli, in lines divergently selected on antibody response. Poult Sci 2002; 81:149-59. [PMID: 11873823 DOI: 10.1093/ps/81.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the association between antibody (Ab) production and disease resistance. A controlled-challenge protocol was developed to mimic natural infection and to yield a higher rate of mortality following Escherichia coli (EC) challenge. Chicks were first infected with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) by injecting a high dose of vaccine (attenuated virus) into their air sacs and then were infected with pathogenic EC introduced intratracheally. The experimental population consisted of lines divergently selected for high (HH) or low (LL) Ab response to EC vaccination, an HH x LL cross (HL), and commercial broilers (CC). When chicks were vaccinated with EC vaccine, mean Ab titer 15 d post-EC challenge was threefold higher in HH than LL lines, but both lines exhibited very low mortality (approximately 2%). When chicks were not vaccinated prior to EC challenge, high mortality (8 to 20%) occurred in the slow-growing HH, LL, and HL lines, and much higher mortality (approximately 40%) occurred among the CC broilers that were 38% heavier than the HH, LL, and HL lines. Mean level of Ab to EC, 7 d after EC challenge, was about twofold higher in HH vs. LL chicks and intermediate in HL and CC chicks. Within each line, Ab levels were higher in chicks exhibiting colibacillosis than in healthy ones, suggesting that these Ab were produced as a result of ongoing infection but were too late to fully prevent morbidity and mortality. These results indicate that rapid growth rate substantially reduces broiler viability, whereas Ab levels produced in response to acute pathogenic challenge without prior vaccination do not contribute to disease resistance. Among the relatively slow-growing lines, mortality was about twofold higher in HH than in LL lines. This finding may confirm previous reports that without prior vaccination, high Ab response to acute challenge increases consequent mortality; alternatively, the LL line may be superior in nonspecific defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yunis
- The Hebrew University, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
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Eliahou H, Avinoach I, Shahmurov M, Ben-David A, Shahar C, Matas Z, Zimlichman R. Renoprotective effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists in experimental chronic renal failure. Am J Nephrol 2001; 21:78-83. [PMID: 11275639 DOI: 10.1159/000046225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We compared the antihypertensive and renoprotective effects of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan and the calcium channel blocker verapamil in the rat with chronic renal failure. One month after five-sixths nephrectomy, male WKY rats were treated for 2 months with either losartan or verapamil. Both resulted in a similar reduction in blood pressure: from 147.1 to 112 mm Hg in losartan-treated and from 155 to 118 mm Hg (p = NS) in verapamil-treated rats. Losartan improved the creatinine clearance (difference + 17.1% as compared with + 6.6% for verapamil, p = 0.039) and prevented the increase in proteinuria: 12.26 +/- (SE) 2.33 mg/day before and 18.48 +/- 2.19 mg/day (p = NS) after therapy in the losartan-treated and 17.27 +/- 2.73 mg/day before and 32.27 +/- 10.29 mg/day after therapy (p = 0.0484) in the verapamil-treated group. In addition, losartan resulted in minimal mesangial proliferation and significantly less glomerular sclerosis and thickening of the small arterial and arteriolar walls. The changes in interstitial fibrosis and tubular hypertrophy, however, were similar in both the verapamil- and losartan-treated groups. Treatment with losartan 1 month after five-sixths nephrectomy in male WKY rats resulted in reduced blood pressure, similar to that of the verapamil-treated group. However, despite similar antihypertensive properties, losartan improved creatinine clearance and reduced proteinuria. The losartan-treated group also had a marked reduction in mesangial proliferation and less glomerular sclerosis and less reduced vascular wall thickness in renal small arteries and arterioles. However, losartan did not totally eliminate nephrosclerosis. The tubular and interstitial changes were fewer in the losartan-treated group. Thus losartan has an additional, although only partial, renoprotective effect when compared with verapamil.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eliahou
- Department of Internal Medicine F, Pathology, and Biochemistry and the Donolo Institute of Physiologic Hygiene, Tel Aviv University, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.
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Gayer G, Apter S, Katz R, Ben-David A, Katzir Z, Hertz M. CT findings in ten patients with failed renal allografts: comparison with findings in functional grafts. Eur J Radiol 2000; 36:133-8. [PMID: 11091012 DOI: 10.1016/s0720-048x(00)00162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our aim is to report the computed tomography (CT) features of the long-term failed renal allograft. Ten patients with failed renal transplants in whom the graft was left in situ underwent CT for various unrelated indications. The majority of the failed grafts showed marked shrinkage and coarse punctate diffuse parenchymal calcifications. Small cysts were seen in four grafts. A long-term failed renal transplant appeared on CT as a small rounded soft tissue mass. The graft was almost always heavily calcified. Lack of awareness of the nature of such a mass may mislead the radiologist in interpreting it as a space-occupying lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gayer
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel.
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25
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Yunis R, Ben-David A, Heller ED, Cahaner A. Immunocompetence and viability under commercial conditions of broiler groups differing in growth rate and in antibody response to Escherichia coil vaccine. Poult Sci 2000; 79:810-6. [PMID: 10875760 DOI: 10.1093/ps/79.6.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality and morbidity due to infectious diseases are an increasing source of losses to the broiler industry. Breeding chickens for improved disease resistance may reduce these losses. A study was designed to evaluate the contribution of selection for immune response to viability of broilers under farm conditions. The experimental populations consisted of six groups: two lines divergently selected for high (HH) or low (LL) antibody (Ab) response to Escherichia coli vaccination; commercial broilers (CC); and the HH x CC, LL x CC, and HH x LL crosses. Chicks were tested under standard vaccination program and management on commercial farms in two years (1997 and 1998). Mortality was recorded in the whole groups, each consisting of several hundred or thousand of chicks, whereas BW and Ab to natural exposure to E. coli and to vaccination with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were determined in samples of 50 to 120 chicks/group per yr. Groups were clustered into three levels of BW: CC representing contemporary fast-growing broilers; HH, LL, and HL representing broilers 10 yr earlier; and HC and LC with intermediate BW. The HH and LL groups exhibited the highest and lowest E. coli Ab titers, respectively. Mean Ab of the CC group equaled the average of the selected lines, and all crosses exhibited mid-parent Ab titers, indicating additive genetic control. Group means for Ab to NDV were highly correlated with those of E. coli, suggesting a common genetic control for the immune response to these two antigens. In both years, the highest mortality was found in the fast-growing group (CC), and the lowest mortality was in the slow-growing HH, LL, and HL groups. In the crosses, despite their similar mean BW, mortality was one-third higher among LC vs. HC birds. These results suggest that Ab response and potential growth rate interact in their effect on mortality due to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yunis
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel
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Ben-David A. Backscattering measurements of atmospheric aerosols at CO2 laser wavelengths: implications of aerosol spectral structure on differential-absorption lidar retrievals of molecular species. Appl Opt 1999; 38:2616-2624. [PMID: 18319835 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.002616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The volume backscattering coefficients of atmospheric aerosol were measured with a tunable CO2 lidar system at various wavelengths in Utah (a desert environment) along a horizontal path a few meters above the ground. In deducing the aerosol backscattering, a deconvolution (to remove the smearing effect of the long CO2 lidar pulse and the lidar limited bandwidth) and a constrained-slope method were employed. The spectral shape beta(lambda) was similar for all the 13 measurements during a 3-day period. A mean aerosol backscattering-wavelength dependence beta(lambda) was computed from the measurements and used to estimate the error Delta(CL) (concentration-path-length product) in differential-absorption lidar measurements for various gases caused by the systematic aerosol differential backscattering and the error that is due to fluctuations in the aerosol backscattering. The water-vapor concentration-path-length product CL and the average concentration C = <CL>/L for a path length L computed from the range-resolved lidar measurements is consistently in good agreement with the water-vapor concentration measured by a meteorological station. However, I was unable to deduce, reliably, the range-resolved water-vapor concentration C(r), which is the derivative of the range-dependent product CL, because of the effect of residual noise caused mainly by errors in the deconvolved lidar measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ben-David
- Science and Technology Corporation, 500 Edgewood Road, Suite 205, Edgewood, Maryland 21040, USA.
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George J, Aron A, Levy Y, Gilburd B, Ben-David A, Renaudineau Y, Zonana-Nachach A, Youinou P, Harats D, Shoenfeld Y. Anti-cardiolipin, anti-endothelial-cell and anti-malondialdehyde-LDL antibodies in uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis: relationship with vascular access thrombosis and thromboembolic events. Hum Antibodies 1999; 9:125-31. [PMID: 10405833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic renal failure requiring regular hemodialysis are known to be prone to thromboembolic events due to a hypercoagulable state. Vascular access thrombosis (VAT; including thrombosis of the vascular shunt or graft) represents a serious complication and jeopardizes life in these patients. In the current study, conducted on 81 consecutive patients from the Hemodialysis Unit, we have employed ELISA for the estimation of various autoantibody levels (anti-endothelial cell antibodies, anti-cardiolipin, anti-beta 2GPI and anti-modified LDL antibodies) and correlated them with the occurrence of thromboembolic events in general, and VAT in particular. We have found that the levels of antibodies reactive with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) but not with other EC lines (microvascular or EaHy 929) were significantly higher in hemodialysed patients with VAT in comparison with patients with no VAT (p = 0.001). A weaker but yet positive correlation was observed between the levels of anti-HUVEC and anti-cardiolipin antibodies and the occurrence of thromboembolic events including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary infarction, cerbrovascular events and VAT (both p-values equal 0.02). Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were not cross reactive with beta 2GPI or with HUVEC. Antibodies to modified LDL, although higher in hemodialyzed patients, did not correlate with thromboembolic events. The results of this study suggest that antibodies to HUVEC may prove as a fairly good marker of VAT in hemodialysis. High levels of aCL are weakly associated with thromboembolic events and antibodies to modified LDL do not correlate with a prothrombotic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- J George
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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George J, Patnaik M, Bakshi E, Levy Y, Ben-David A, Ahmed A, Peter JB, Shoenfeld Y. Hantavirus seropositivity in Israeli patients with renal failure. Viral Immunol 1998; 11:103-8. [PMID: 9765032 DOI: 10.1089/vim.1998.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hantavirus is known to cause hemorraghic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which is widely spread in Europe and Asia. Several reports have shown an association of hantavirus antibody titers and the occurrence of renal dysfunction. From these observations, it appears that the virus is widely distributed, and different strains prevail in various areas. In the present work we studied 81 patients with end-stage renal-failure under hemodialysis (HD) treatment, 55 with mild to moderate renal failure, and 50 healthy subjects for the presence of antibodies to Hantaan and Puumala viruses. We found that 12.3% of the hemodialysis patients and 9% of the mild to moderate renal failure patients had elevated IgG anti-body titers to Puumala virus compared with 2% of the controls. IgM antibodies to Puumala virus was principally elevated in patient with chronic renal failure (CRF) not on hemodialysis (14.5%) compared with the hemodialyzed (1.2%) and controls (0%) subjects. Hantaan virus IgG antibodies were detected in 3.7% of the HD patients, 5.5% of the CRF not on HD, and in none of the controls. IgM Hantaan antibodies were found only in the non-HD renal failure patients. None of the sera were found to contain antibodies to phospholipids or single-stranded DNA. These results emphasize the widespread nature of infection with hantaviruses and imply that elaborate testing for these serologies should be performed, especially in patients with unexplained renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J George
- Specialty Laboratories Inc., Santa Monica, California, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benshushan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
A Mueller matrix M is developed for a single-scattering process such that G(theta, phi) = T (phi(a))M T (phi(p))u, where u is the incident irradiance Stokes vector transmitted through a linear polarizer at azimuthal angle phi(p), with transmission Mueller matrix T (phi(p)), and G(theta, phi) is the polarized irradiance Stokes vector measured by a detector with a field of view F, placed after an analyzer with transmission Mueller matrix T (phi(a)) at angle phi(a). The Mueller matrix M is a function of the Mueller matrix S (theta) of the scattering medium, the scattering angle (theta, phi), and the detector field of view F. The Mueller matrixM is derived for backscattering and forward scattering, along with equations for the detector polarized irradiance measurements (e.g., cross polarization and copolarization) and the depolarization ratio. The information that can be derived from the Mueller matrix M on the scattering Mueller matrixS (theta) is limited because the detector integrates the cone of incoming radiance over a range of azimuths of 2pi for forward scattering and backscattering. However, all nine Mueller matrix elements that affect linearly polarized radiation can be derived if a spatial filter in the form of a pie-slice slit is placed in the focal plane of the detector and azimuthally dependent polarized measurements and azimuthally integrated polarized measurements are combined.
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Abstract
The Israeli-Palestinian peace process is characterized by its unknown outcomes and consequences for the families involved. The purpose of this study was to identify family processes under conditions of prolonged uncertainty. Data were collected from both Israeli and Palestinian families in the West Bank by means of semi-structured interviews. Qualitative and quantitative analyses showed cross-cultural differences in the perception of the situation; different kinds of concerns and sources of stress; different coping responses; and differences in dyadic interaction patterns and intrafamily processes. The findings are discussed in social-contextual terms, particularly the ways in which political and cultural contexts shape the perception of the situation and family processes under prolonged stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lavee
- Center for Research and Study of the Family, School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel
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Ben-David A. Multiple-scattering effects on differential absorption for the transmission of a plane-parallel beam in a homogeneous medium. Appl Opt 1997; 36:1386-1398. [PMID: 18250813 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.001386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The transmission, including all scattering orders, of a plane-parallel beam in a homogeneous scattering medium containing aerosols (e.g., water cloud) mixed with an absorbing gas (e.g., ozone) is computed with a two-stream radiative transfer model. From differential transmission the concentration of the gas is deduced. The effect of multiple-scattering on the deduced concentration is shown for conservative scattering aerosols for which the multiple scattering by the aerosols is differentially absorbed by the gas and for nonconservative scattering aerosols for which the multiple scattering is differentially absorbed by the aerosols as well as differentially absorbed by the gas. The two-stream analytical model (with no dependence on the field of view) shows good qualitative agreement (especially for a small field of view) with a numerical radiative transfer model in which the trace gas concentration is computed for the different detector's field of view.
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Abstract
The present study examines the coping style of new immigrants in Israel from the former Soviet Union who have been diagnosed with cancer. One hundred and six new immigrants, who were being treated at the Linn Clinical Oncological Institute in Haifa during the first six months of 1992, participated in the study. They were assessed regarding family functioning, the stresses of the migratory process, other life stresses, and psychosocial adjustment to the illness. Contrary to expectations about the influence of family adaptability and cohesion on coping with illness, immigrant participants reported that the combination of stressful events related both to the migratory process and to the illness itself is the best predictor of coping with illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ben-David
- School of Social Work, Haifa University, Mount Carmel
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Abstract
A detected laser signal backscattered from a tilted target is modeled with a laser-pulse shape as a response of a high-pass filter to an exponential input that describes the gain buildup within the laser cavity before a laser pulse is emitted and a single-pole low-pass RC filter for the electronic amplifier. The model is used to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the detected peak signal with a proper choice of the integration time constant τ as a function of the laser-pulse shape and the tilt angle of the backscattering target.
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35
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Rapoport J, Mostoslavski M, Ben-David A, Knecht A, Blau A, Arad J, Zlotnik M, Chaimovitz C. Successful treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients with oral pulse 1-alpha-hydroxy-cholecalciferol therapy. Nephron Clin Pract 1996; 72:150-4. [PMID: 8684518 DOI: 10.1159/000188833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used high-dose oral pulse therapy with 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OH-D3) to treat 40 hemodialysis patients suffering form secondary hyperparathyroidism. Forty patients with intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels of > 150 pg/ml were treated with 4 micrograms oral 1 alpha-OH-D3 twice weekly for 1 year. The mean PTH level was 515 +/- 50 pg/ml prior to treatment, which fell to 191 +/- 42 pg/ml after 6 months of treatment (p < 0.00001), and to 164 +/- 39 pg/ml after 12 months of treatment. Patients with very high PTH levels (> 800 pg/ml) suppressed less well than patients with lower levels (150-300 pg/ml). The therapeutic end point of PTH < 100 pg/ml was achieved in 23 patients (58%). The main side effect of the treatment was hypercalcemia, but this was symptomatic in only 3 patients, all above the age of 70 years. In summary, oral high-dose pulse therapy with 1 alpha-OH-D3 was highly effective in suppressing PTH levels in hyperparathyroid hemodialysis patients, and side effects were relatively few.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rapoport
- Department of Nephrology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Herman BM, Caudill TR, Flittner DE, Thome KJ, Ben-David A. Comparison of the Gauss-Seidel spherical polarized radiative transfer code with other radiative transfer codes. Appl Opt 1995; 34:4563-4572. [PMID: 21052289 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.004563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Calculations that use the Gauss-Seidel method are presented of the diffusely scattered light in a spherical atmosphere with polarization fully included. Comparisons are made between this method and the Monte Carlo calculations of other researchers for spherical geometry in a pure Rayleigh atmosphere. Comparisons with plane-parallel atmospheres are also presented. Single-scatter intensity comparisons with spherical geometry show excellent agreement. When all orders of scattering are included, comparisons of polarization parameters I, Q and U as well as the plane of polarization show good agreement when allowances are made for the statistical variability inherent in the Monte Carlo method.
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Herman BM, Caudill TR, Flittner DE, Thome KJ, Ben-David A. Comparison of the Gauss-Seidel spherical polarized radiative transfer code with other radiative transfer codes. Appl Opt 1995; 34:4563-4572. [PMID: 21052289 DOI: 10.1364/a0.34.004563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Calculations that use the Gauss-Seidel method are presented of the diffusely scattered light in a spherical atmosphere with polarization fully included. Comparisons are made between this method and the Monte Carlo calculations of other researchers for spherical geometry in a pure Rayleigh atmosphere. Comparisons with plane-parallel atmospheres are also presented. Single-scatter intensity comparisons with spherical geometry show excellent agreement. When all orders of scattering are included, comparisons of polarization parameters I, Q and U as well as the plane of polarization show good agreement when allowances are made for the statistical variability inherent in the Monte Carlo method.
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Ben-David A. Multiple-scattering transmission and an effective average photon path length of a plane-parallel beam in a homogeneous medium. Appl Opt 1995; 34:2802-2810. [PMID: 21052427 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.002802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A two-stream radiative transfer model is used to derive expressions for the multiple-scattered transmitted flux (including single-scattering contributions) and the total effective average photon path length on transmission of a normally incident plane-parallel beam on a homogeneous layer characterized by the optical depth, the single-scattering albedo, and the asymmetry parameter of the scatterers. The results are simple analytical expressions that are useful for modifying the Beer-Lambert transmission law for a thick scattering medium in which the multiple-scattering contribution to the transmission is not negligible.
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Benayahu Y, Ben-David A, Fastig S, Cohen A. Cloud-droplet-size distribution from lidar multiple-scattering measurements. Appl Opt 1995; 34:1569-1578. [PMID: 21037698 DOI: 10.1364/ao.34.001569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A method for calculating droplet-size distribution in atmospheric clouds is presented, based on measurement of laser backscattering and multiple scattering from water clouds. The lidar uses a Nd:YAG laser that emits short pulses at a moderate repetition rate. The backscattering, which is composed mainly of single scattering, is measured with a detector pointing along the laser beam. The multiple scattering, which is mainly double scattering, is measured with a second detector, pointing at a specified angle to the laser beam. The domain of scattering angles that contribute to the doublescattering signal increases monotonically as the pulse penetrates the cloud. The water droplets within the probed volume are assumed to have a constant size distribution. Hence, from the double-scatteringmeasured signal as a function of penetration depth within the cloud, the double-scattering phase function of the scattering volume is derived. Inverting the phase function results in a cloud-droplet-size distribution in the form of a log-normal function.
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Blau A, Ben-David A, Eliahou HE. High short-term mortality of diabetic patients entering dialysis. Isr J Med Sci 1994; 30:528-30. [PMID: 8050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Blau
- Department of Nephrology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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Herman BM, Ben-David A, Thome KJ. Numerical technique for solving the radiative transfer equation for a spherical shell atmosphere. Appl Opt 1994; 33:1760-1770. [PMID: 20885505 DOI: 10.1364/ao.33.001760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A method for numerically solving the equation of radiative transfer in a spherical shell atmosphere is presented. The method uses a conical boundary and a Gauss-Seidel iteration scheme to solve for all orders of scattering along a single radial line in the atmosphere. Tests of the model indicate an accuracy better than 1% for most Earth-atmosphere situations. Results from this model are compared with flat-atmosphere model results for a scattering-only atmosphere. These comparisons indicate that excluding spherical effects for solar zenith angles greater than 85° leads to errors larger than 5% at optical depths as small as 0.10.
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Ben-David A. Temperature dependence of water vapor absorption coefficients for CO(2) differential absorption lidars. Appl Opt 1993; 32:7479-7483. [PMID: 20861968 DOI: 10.1364/ao.32.007479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A temperature correction of water vapor differential absorption coefficients for the CO(2) transition line pairs (10R20, 10R18) and (10R20, 10R22) for temperatures between -0.5 °C and 20 °C is computed, with a reference temperature of 27 °C, from medium-range CO(2) lidar field measurements. The empirical temperature correction, X(T), is fitted with the polynomial X(T) = α(0) + α(1) × T + α(2) × T(2). For the transition line pair (10R20, 10R18) the temperature dependence ranges from 1.62%/°C to 3.47%/°C, and the temperature correction for the transition line pair (10R20, 10R22) ranges from 1.32%/°C to 2.43%/°C.
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Ben-David A. Backscattering and polarization ratio for cylindrical graphite fibers at CO(2) laser wavelengths. Appl Opt 1993; 32:6777-6783. [PMID: 20856530 DOI: 10.1364/ao.32.006777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Measurements are presented of backscattering from an artificial cloud composed of cylindrical graphite fibers at a distance of 730 m with a CO(2) lidar system at 20 wavelengths and two incident polarizations (horizontal and vertical). The backscatter measurements and the polarization ratio are in good agreement with single-scattering calculations for an infinitely long cylinder at normal incidence. The measurements give experimental evidence of the predominant orientation of graphite fibers with their long axes in a random position in the x-y plane (i.e., parallel to the ground).
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Ben-David A. Wavelength dependence of backscattering and extinction of kaolin dust at CO(2) laser wavelengths: effect of multiple scattering. Appl Opt 1993; 32:1598-1605. [PMID: 20820292 DOI: 10.1364/ao.32.001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A multiple wavelength, pulsed CO(2) lidar system is used to measure spectral backscattering and extinction of kaolin dust of different optical thicknesses. The measurements show that the wavelength dependence of spectral backscattering changes with increased multiple scattering, whereas the spectral extinction remains relatively unchanged. A simple analytical two-stream radiative transfer model is used to confirm the measurements qualitatively. Several equations were derived from the model to show that in general the wavelength dependence of backscatter is less dependent on wavelength for a multiplescattering case. Therefore, the aerosol cloud becomes a diffuse target that is more flat in its spectral reflectance as multiple scattering increases. An application to differential absorption detection is discussed and shows that, in general, the effect of multiple scattering on the backscattered signal from aerosols will tend to reduce the error in deducing the average path-length concentration of the absorbing tr ce gas.
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Ben-David A, Emery SL, Gotoff SW, D'Amico FM. High pulse repetition frequency, multiple wavelength, pulsed CO(2) lidar system for atmospheric transmission and target reflectance measurements. Appl Opt 1992; 31:4224-4232. [PMID: 20725406 DOI: 10.1364/ao.31.004224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A multiple wavelength, pulsed CO(2) lidar system operating at a pulse repetition frequency of 200 Hz and permitting the random selection of CO(2) laser wavelengths for each laser pulse is presented. This system was employed to measure target reflectance and atmospheric transmission by using laser pulse bursts consisting of groups with as many as 16 different wavelengths at a repetition rate of 12 Hz. The wavelength tuning mechanism of the transversely excited atmospheric laser consists of a stationary grating and a flat mirror controlled by a galvanometer. Multiple wavelength, differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements reduce the effects of differential target reflectance and molecular absorption interference. Examples of multiwavelength DIAL detection for ammonia and water vapor show the dynamic interaction between these two trace gases. Target reflectance measurements for maple trees in winter and autumn are presented.
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Robinzon B, Ben-David A, Koike TI, Kinzler SL, Neldon HL. Effect of intrahypothalamic injections of norepinephrine and serotonin on plasma arginine vasotocin and mesotocin in the White Leghorn cockerel. Br Poult Sci 1991; 32:597-606. [PMID: 1893269 DOI: 10.1080/00071669108417385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1. Saline (10 microliters), norepinephrine (NE) and Serotonin (5-HT), 500 nmol each, were injected into the anterior third ventricle (A3V; n = 7) or the posterior third ventricle (P3V; n = 11) of ananesthetised, unrestrained White Leghorn cockerels. Plasma arginine vasotocin (AVT) and mesotocin (MT) were measured 20, 60 and 120 min after injection. 2. Injection of NE into both the A3V and P3V had no significant effect on either plasma AVT or plasma MT at any of the sampling times. 3. Administration of 5-HT into the A3V significantly increased plasma MT about two-fold 20 min following injection. At 120 min time, plasma MT returned to normal. 4. In P3V birds, 5-HT had no effect on plasma MT in the first 20 min, but a significant increase in plasma MT occurred 60 to 120 min after injection. The magnitude of the response was lower than in the A3V cockerels. 5. Plasma AVT was not affected by 5-HT administration into the A3V at any of the sampling times, but 5-HT administration into the P3V caused significant rises in plasma AVT at 120 min. 6. Serotonergic, but not noradrenergic, induction of neurohypophysial peptide secretion was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Robinzon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehavot, Israel
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Abstract
A 34-year-old munitions worker suffered an unexplained cardiac arrest on a Sunday morning. In retrospect, the cardiac arrest as well as previous complaints of chest pains during weekends fit the syndrome of withdrawal from occupational exposure to nitroglycerin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ben-David
- Institute for Occupational Health, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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Ben-David A, Herman BM, Reagan JA. Inverse problem and the pseudoempirical orthogonal function method of solution. 1: Theory. Appl Opt 1988; 27:1235-1242. [PMID: 20531549 DOI: 10.1364/ao.27.001235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In situations where a large library of observed distributions of a function, such as temperature vs height, is available, these distributions may be used to form a set of empirical orthogonal functions. When sufficient observed distributions are not available, but when the general mathematical form of the distributions is known, a library may be constructed from the set of mathematical functions. A set of pseudoempirical orthogonal functions may then be constructed from this mathematical library. It is assumed that any distribution of the function may then be constructed from a linear sum of this pseudoempirical orthogonal set. This idea is employed to develop an inversion method using pseudoempirical orthogonal functions when a sufficient library of observations is not available. The technique employs a smoothing constraint as well as a positivity constraint, when warranted by the physical nature of the unknown.
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Ben-David A, Herman BM, Reagan JA. Inverse problem and the pseudoempirical orthogonal function method of solution. 2: Use. Appl Opt 1988; 27:1243-1254. [PMID: 20531550 DOI: 10.1364/ao.27.001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The information content about tropospheric rural aerosol size distributions (i.e., functional form, accuracy of solution, and moments of the solution) that may be obtained from measurements of the backscattered radiation with no additional information is discussed. The need for additional information in the form of constraints is demonstrated. The resulting solution depends on these constraints and is thus not entirely objective. The accuracy of the solution will depend, to some degree, on the validity of the constraints. The influence of constraints is examined for the inverse problem of determining aerosol size distributions from multiwavelength measurements of backscattered radiation. Using the method of pseudoempirical orthogonal functions, two types of constraint are employed: positivity and positivity combined with smoothing. A discussion of the effects on the solutions of the two constraints is presented.
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Eliahou HE, Cohen D, Ben-David A, Herzog D, Serban I, Gavendo S, Kapuler S, Kogan N, Hellberg B. The calcium channel blocker nisoldipine delays progression of chronic renal failure in humans (preliminary communication). Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1988; 1:523-8. [PMID: 3154680 DOI: 10.1007/bf02125735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) patients with a stable course were asked to participate in a follow-up program in which they were randomized into two groups: 1) the placebo group taking their standard antihypertensive therapy without any calcium ion blocker: and 2) the nisoldipine group, those patients taking the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine as the only antihypertensive drug. The two groups had similar blood pressures on entering the study (151 +/- 21.3/90.7 +/- 7.4 mmHg in the nisoldipine and 146.7 +/- 18/94 +/- 9.4 mmHg in the placebo group). Their protein intake was also similar (daily average throughout the follow-up period: 0.83 +/- 0.18 g protein per kg body weight in the nisoldipine and 0.9 +/- 0.12 g in the placebo group). The patients were checked monthly. The follow-up averaged 11.1 +/- 4.8 months in the nisoldipine group and 13.7 +/- 4.2 months in the placebo group. The rate of progression of CRF, as expressed by the slope of the regression line of 1/serum creatinine versus time, decreased in the nisoldipine group from the initial (-8.03 +/- 4.91) x 10(-3) to (-5.57 +/- 5) x 10(-3) (two-tailed P-test = 0.016) after intervention. The slopes tended to become steeper in the placebo group, with an initial slope of (-4.1 +/- 3.2) x 10(-3) changing to (-7.9 +/- 5) x 10(-3) after intervention. This difference did not reach statistical significance (two-tailed P = 0.072). The rate of progression of CRF decreased in 12 of 14 patients in the nisoldipine-treated group versus 3 of 11 patients in the placebo group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Eliahou
- Department of Nephrology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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