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Genkinger JM, Wu K, Wang M, Albanes D, Black A, van den Brandt PA, Burke KA, Cook MB, Gapstur SM, Giles GG, Giovannucci E, Goodman GG, Goodman PJ, Håkansson N, Key TJ, Männistö S, Le Marchand L, Liao LM, MacInnis RJ, Neuhouser ML, Platz EA, Sawada N, Schenk JM, Stevens VL, Travis RC, Tsugane S, Visvanathan K, Wilkens LR, Wolk A, Smith-Warner SA. Corrigendum to 'Measures of body fatness and height in early and mid-to-late adulthood and prostate cancer: risk and mortality in The Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer': [Annals of Oncology Volume 31, Issue 1, January 2020, Pages 103-114]. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1201. [PMID: 34244036 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J M Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; Cancer Epidemiology Program, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA.
| | - K Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - M Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - D Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, USA
| | - A Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, USA
| | - P A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K A Burke
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - M B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, USA
| | - S M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA
| | - G G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - G G Goodman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | | | - N Håkansson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, USA
| | - L M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, USA
| | - R J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - E A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - N Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J M Schenk
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - V L Stevens
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA
| | - R C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - L R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, USA
| | - A Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S A Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Wolk A, Upadhyay M, Ali M, Suh J, Stoehr H, Bonilha VL, Anand-Apte B. The retinal pigment epithelium in Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy shows increased sensitivity to oxidative stress-induced degeneration. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101681. [PMID: 32828705 PMCID: PMC7767753 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy (SFD) is a rare inherited autosomal dominant macular degeneration caused by specific mutations in TIMP3. Patients with SFD present with pathophysiology similar to the more common Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and loss of vision due to both choroidal neovascularization and geographic atrophy. Previously, it has been shown that RPE degeneration in AMD is due in part to oxidative stress. We hypothesized that similar mechanisms may be at play in SFD. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether mice carrying the S179C-Timp3 mutation, a variant commonly observed in SFD, showed increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Antioxidant genes are increased at baseline in the RPE in SFD mouse models, but not in the retina. This suggests the presence of a pro-oxidant environment in the RPE in the presence of Timp3 mutations. To determine if the RPE of Timp3 mutant mice is more susceptible to degeneration when exposed to low levels of oxidative stress, mice were injected with low doses of sodium iodate. The RPE and photoreceptors in Timp3 mutant mice degenerated at low doses of sodium iodate, which had no effect in wildtype control mice. These studies suggest that TIMP3 mutations may result in a dysregulation of pro-oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis in the RPE, leading to RPE degeneration in SFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Wolk
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mala Upadhyay
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Mariya Ali
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jason Suh
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Heidi Stoehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 31 Universitätsstraße, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Vera L Bonilha
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bela Anand-Apte
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Dept. of Ophthalmology, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Wolk A, Hatipoglu D, Cutler A, Ali M, Bell L, Hua Qi J, Singh R, Batoki J, Karle L, Bonilha VL, Wessely O, Stoehr H, Hascall V, Anand-Apte B. Role of FGF and Hyaluronan in Choroidal Neovascularization in Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy. Cells 2020; 9:E608. [PMID: 32143276 PMCID: PMC7140456 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorsby's fundus dystrophy (SFD) is an inherited blinding disorder caused by mutations in the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) gene. The SFD pathology of macular degeneration with subretinal deposits and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) closely resembles that of the more common age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The objective of this study was to gain further insight into the molecular mechanism(s) by which mutant TIMP3 induces CNV. In this study we demonstrate that hyaluronan (HA), a large glycosaminoglycan, is elevated in the plasma and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid of patients with AMD. Mice carrying the S179C-TIMP3 mutation also showed increased plasma levels of HA as well as accumulation of HA around the RPE in the retina. Human RPE cells expressing the S179C-TIMP3 mutation accumulated HA apically, intracellularly and basally when cultured long-term compared with cells expressing wildtype TIMP3. We recently reported that RPE cells carrying the S179C-TIMP3 mutation have the propensity to induce angiogenesis via basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). We now demonstrate that FGF-2 induces accumulation of HA in RPE cells. These results suggest that the TIMP3-MMP-FGF-2-HA axis may have an important role in the pathogenesis of CNV in SFD and possibly AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Wolk
- Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.W.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (J.H.Q.); (R.S.); (J.B.); (L.K.); (V.L.B.)
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Dilara Hatipoglu
- Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.W.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (J.H.Q.); (R.S.); (J.B.); (L.K.); (V.L.B.)
| | - Alecia Cutler
- Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.W.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (J.H.Q.); (R.S.); (J.B.); (L.K.); (V.L.B.)
| | - Mariya Ali
- Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.W.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (J.H.Q.); (R.S.); (J.B.); (L.K.); (V.L.B.)
| | - Lestella Bell
- Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.W.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (J.H.Q.); (R.S.); (J.B.); (L.K.); (V.L.B.)
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jian Hua Qi
- Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.W.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (J.H.Q.); (R.S.); (J.B.); (L.K.); (V.L.B.)
| | - Rupesh Singh
- Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.W.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (J.H.Q.); (R.S.); (J.B.); (L.K.); (V.L.B.)
| | - Julia Batoki
- Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.W.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (J.H.Q.); (R.S.); (J.B.); (L.K.); (V.L.B.)
| | - Laura Karle
- Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.W.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (J.H.Q.); (R.S.); (J.B.); (L.K.); (V.L.B.)
| | - Vera L. Bonilha
- Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.W.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (J.H.Q.); (R.S.); (J.B.); (L.K.); (V.L.B.)
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Heidi Stoehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Vincent Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Bela Anand-Apte
- Cole Eye Institute & Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.W.); (D.H.); (A.C.); (M.A.); (L.B.); (J.H.Q.); (R.S.); (J.B.); (L.K.); (V.L.B.)
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Donat‐Vargas C, Bellavia A, Berglund M, Glynn A, Wolk A, Åkesson A. Cardiovascular and cancer mortality in relation to dietary polychlorinated biphenyls and marine polyunsaturated fatty acids: a nutritional-toxicological aspect of fish consumption. J Intern Med 2020; 287:197-209. [PMID: 31628875 PMCID: PMC7003855 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-exposure to environmental contaminants present in fish could mitigate the beneficial effects of fish consumption and possibly explain the lack of association observed for mortality in some geographical regions. OBJECTIVE To assess the independent associations of dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and long-chain omega-3 fish fatty acids intake with cardiovascular and cancer mortality. METHODS We used the prospective population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men comprising 32 952 women and 36 545 men, free from cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes at baseline in 1998. Validated estimates of dietary PCBs and long-chain omega-3 fish fatty acids [i.e. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] intake were obtained via a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Information on death was ascertained through register linkage. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 15.5 years, we ascertained 16 776 deaths. We observed for cardiovascular mortality, comparing extreme quintiles in multivariable models mutually adjusted for PCBs and EPA-DHA, dose-dependent associations for dietary PCB exposure, hazard ratio (HR) 1.31 (CI 95%: 1.08 to 1.57; P-trend 0.005) and for dietary EPA-DHA intake, HR 0.79 (CI 95%: 0.66 to 0.95; P-trend 0.041). For cancer mortality, no clear associations were discerned. CONCLUSION The beneficial effect of fish consumption on the cardiovascular system seems compromised by co-exposure to PCBs - one likely explanation for the inconsistent associations observed between fish consumption and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Donat‐Vargas
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional EpidemiologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthSchool of MedicineUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid, CEI UAM+CSICMadridSpain
| | - A. Bellavia
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - M. Berglund
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional EpidemiologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - A. Glynn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public HealthSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UppsalaSweden
| | - A. Wolk
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional EpidemiologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - A. Åkesson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional EpidemiologyInstitute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Genkinger JM, Wu K, Wang M, Albanes D, Black A, van den Brandt PA, Burke KA, Cook MB, Gapstur SM, Giles GG, Giovannucci E, Goodman GG, Goodman PJ, Håkansson N, Key TJ, Männistö S, Le Marchand L, Liao LM, MacInnis RJ, Neuhouser ML, Platz EA, Sawada N, Schenk JM, Stevens VL, Travis RC, Tsugane S, Visvanathan K, Wilkens LR, Wolk A, Smith-Warner SA. Measures of body fatness and height in early and mid-to-late adulthood and prostate cancer: risk and mortality in The Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:103-114. [PMID: 31912782 PMCID: PMC8195110 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced prostate cancer etiology is poorly understood. Few studies have examined associations of anthropometric factors (e.g. early adulthood obesity) with advanced prostate cancer risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS We carried out pooled analyses to examine associations between body fatness, height, and prostate cancer risk. Among 830 772 men, 51 734 incident prostate cancer cases were identified, including 4762 advanced (T4/N1/M1 or prostate cancer deaths) cases, 2915 advanced restricted (same as advanced, but excluding localized cancers that resulted in death) cases, 9489 high-grade cases, and 3027 prostate cancer deaths. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate study-specific hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI); results were pooled using random effects models. RESULTS No statistically significant associations were observed for body mass index (BMI) in early adulthood for advanced, advanced restricted, and high-grade prostate cancer, and prostate cancer mortality. Positive associations were shown for BMI at baseline with advanced prostate cancer (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.95-1.78) and prostate cancer mortality (HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.12-2.07) comparing BMI ≥35.0 kg/m2 with 21-22.9 kg/m2. When considering early adulthood and baseline BMI together, a 27% higher prostate cancer mortality risk (95% CI = 9% to 49%) was observed for men with BMI <25.0 kg/m2 in early adulthood and BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 at baseline compared with BMI <25.0 kg/m2 in early adulthood and BMI <30.0 kg/m2 at baseline. Baseline waist circumference, comparing ≥110 cm with <90 cm, and waist-to-hip ratio, comparing ≥1.00 with <0.90, were associated with significant 14%-16% increases in high-grade prostate cancer risk and suggestive or significant 20%-39% increases in prostate cancer mortality risk. Height was associated with suggestive or significant 33%-56% risks of advanced or advanced restricted prostate cancer and prostate cancer mortality, comparing ≥1.90 m with <1.65 m. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that height and total and central adiposity in mid-to-later adulthood, but not early adulthood adiposity, are associated with risk of advanced forms of prostate cancer. Thus, maintenance of healthy weight may help prevent advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA; Cancer Epidemiology Program, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA.
| | - K Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - M Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - D Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, USA
| | - A Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, USA
| | - P A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K A Burke
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - M B Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, USA
| | - S M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA
| | - G G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - G G Goodman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | | | - N Håkansson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, USA
| | - L M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, USA
| | - R J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - E A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - N Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J M Schenk
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - V L Stevens
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA
| | - R C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - L R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, USA
| | - A Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S A Smith-Warner
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Qi JH, Bell B, Singh R, Batoki J, Wolk A, Cutler A, Prayson N, Ali M, Stoehr H, Anand-Apte B. Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy Mutation in Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) promotes Choroidal Neovascularization via a Fibroblast Growth Factor-dependent Mechanism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17429. [PMID: 31757977 PMCID: PMC6874529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) leads to loss of vision in patients with Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy (SFD), an inherited, macular degenerative disorder, caused by mutations in the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) gene. SFD closely resembles age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly population of the Western hemisphere. Variants in TIMP3 gene have recently been identified in patients with AMD. A majority of patients with AMD also lose vision as a consequence of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms that contribute to CNV as a consequence of TIMP-3 mutations will provide insight into the pathophysiology in SFD and likely the neovascular component of the more commonly seen AMD. While the role of VEGF in CNV has been studied extensively, it is becoming increasingly clear that other factors likely play a significant role. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) regulates SFD-related CNV. In this study we demonstrate that mice expressing mutant TIMP3 (Timp3S179C/S179C) showed reduced MMP inhibitory activity with an increase in MMP2 activity and bFGF levels, as well as accentuated CNV leakage when subjected to laser injury. S179C mutant-TIMP3 in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells showed increased secretion of bFGF and conditioned medium from these cells induced increased angiogenesis in endothelial cells. These studies suggest that S179C-TIMP3 may promote angiogenesis and CNV via a FGFR-1-dependent pathway by increasing bFGF release and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hua Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brent Bell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rupesh Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Julia Batoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alyson Wolk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alecia Cutler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas Prayson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mariya Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Heidi Stoehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bela Anand-Apte
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Schoemaker MJ, Nichols HB, Wright LB, Brook MN, Jones ME, O'Brien KM, Adami HO, Baglietto L, Bernstein L, Bertrand KA, Boutron-Ruault MC, Chen Y, Connor AE, Dorronsoro M, Dossus L, Eliassen AH, Giles GG, Gram IT, Hankinson SE, Kaaks R, Key TJ, Kirsh VA, Kitahara CM, Koh WP, Larsson SC, Linet MS, Ma H, Masala G, Merritt MA, Milne RL, Overvad K, Ozasa K, Palmer JR, Riboli E, Rohan TE, Sadakane A, Sund M, Tamimi RM, Trichopoulou A, Ursin G, Van Gils CH, Visvanathan K, Weiderpass E, Willett WC, Wolk A, Yuan JM, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Sandler DP, Swerdlow AJ. Abstract P1-08-01: Withdrawn. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p1-08-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
Citation Format: Schoemaker MJ, Nichols HB, Wright LB, Brook MN, Jones ME, O'Brien KM, Adami H-O, Baglietto L, Bernstein L, Bertrand KA, Boutron-Ruault M-C, Chen Y, Connor AE, Dorronsoro M, Dossus L, Eliassen AH, Giles GG, Gram IT, Hankinson SE, Kaaks R, Key TJ, Kirsh VA, Kitahara CM, Koh W-P, Larsson SC, Linet MS, Ma H, Masala G, Merritt MA, Milne RL, Overvad K, Ozasa K, Palmer JR, Riboli E, Rohan TE, Sadakane A, Sund M, Tamimi RM, Trichopoulou A, Ursin G, Van Gils CH, Visvanathan K, Weiderpass E, Willett WC, Wolk A, Yuan J-M, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Sandler DP, Swerdlow AJ. Withdrawn [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- MJ Schoemaker
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - HB Nichols
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - LB Wright
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - MN Brook
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - ME Jones
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - KM O'Brien
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - H-O Adami
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - L Baglietto
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - L Bernstein
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - KA Bertrand
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - M-C Boutron-Ruault
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - Y Chen
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - AE Connor
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - M Dorronsoro
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - L Dossus
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - AH Eliassen
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - GG Giles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - IT Gram
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - SE Hankinson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - R Kaaks
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - TJ Key
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - VA Kirsh
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - CM Kitahara
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - W-P Koh
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - SC Larsson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - MS Linet
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - H Ma
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - G Masala
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - MA Merritt
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - RL Milne
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - K Overvad
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - K Ozasa
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - JR Palmer
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - E Riboli
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - TE Rohan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - A Sadakane
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - M Sund
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - RM Tamimi
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - A Trichopoulou
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - G Ursin
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - CH Van Gils
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - K Visvanathan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - E Weiderpass
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - WC Willett
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - A Wolk
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - J-M Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - A Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - DP Sandler
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
| | - AJ Swerdlow
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte; Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston; CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Paris, France; New York University School of Medicine, New York; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; Public Health Direction and Biodonostia Research Institute and Ciberesp, San Sebastian, Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; University of Tromsø (UiT) The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; University of Massachusetts, Amherst; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; University of To
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8
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Kaluza J, Håkansson N, Harris HR, Orsini N, Michaëlsson K, Wolk A. Influence of anti-inflammatory diet and smoking on mortality and survival in men and women: two prospective cohort studies. J Intern Med 2019; 285:75-91. [PMID: 30209831 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between an anti-inflammatory diet and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality have been studied previously; however, the influence of an anti-inflammatory diet on survival time has not been investigated. Moreover, the potential modification of these associations by smoking status remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to examine the associations between an anti-inflammatory diet index (AIDI) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality, to determine the association between the AIDI and differences in survival time and to assess effect modification by smoking status. METHODS The study population included 68 273 Swedish men and women (aged 45-83 years) at baseline. The anti-inflammatory potential of the diet was estimated using the validated AIDI, which includes 11 potential anti-inflammatory and five potential pro-inflammatory foods. Cox proportional hazards and Laplace regression were used to estimate hazard ratios and differences in survival time. RESULTS During 16 years of follow-up (1 057 959 person-years), 16 088 deaths [5980 due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 5252 due to cancer] were recorded. Participants in the highest versus lowest quartile of the AIDI had lower risks of all-cause (18% reduction, 95% CI: 14-22%), CVD (20%, 95% CI: 14-26%) and cancer (13%, 95% CI: 5-20%) mortality. The strongest inverse associations between the highest and lowest quartiles of AIDI and risk of mortality were observed in current smokers: 31%, 36% and 22% lower risks of all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality, respectively. The difference in survival time between current smokers in the lowest AIDI quartile and never smokers in the highest quartile was 4.6 years. CONCLUSION Adherence to a diet with high anti-inflammatory potential may reduce all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality and prolong survival time especially amongst smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kaluza
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N Håkansson
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H R Harris
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - N Orsini
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Petimar J, O'Reilly É, Adami HO, van den Brandt PA, Buring J, English DR, Freedman DM, Giles GG, Håkansson N, Kurth T, Larsson SC, Robien K, Schouten LJ, Weiderpass E, Wolk A, Smith-Warner SA. Coffee, tea, and caffeine intake and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mortality in a pooled analysis of eight prospective cohort studies. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:468-475. [PMID: 30326172 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Caffeine is associated with a lower risk of some neurological diseases, but few prospective studies have investigated caffeine intake and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mortality. We therefore determined associations between coffee, tea and caffeine intake, and risk of ALS mortality. METHODS We conducted pooled analyses of eight international, prospective cohort studies, including 351 565 individuals (120 688 men and 230 877 women). We assessed coffee, tea and caffeine intake using validated food-frequency questionnaires administered at baseline. We used Cox regression to estimate study- and sex-specific risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ALS mortality, which were then pooled using a random-effects model. We conducted analyses using cohort-specific tertiles, absolute common cut-points and continuous measures of all exposures. RESULTS During follow-up, 545 ALS deaths were documented. We did not observe statistically significant associations between coffee, tea or caffeine intake and risk of ALS mortality. The pooled multivariable risk ratio (MVRR) for ≥3 cups per day vs. >0 to <1 cup per day was 1.04 (95% CI, 0.74-1.47) for coffee and 1.17 (95% CI, 0.77-1.79) for tea. The pooled MVRR comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of caffeine intake (mg/day) was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.80-1.23). No statistically significant results were observed when exposures were modeled as tertiles or continuously. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support associations between coffee, tea or total caffeine intake and risk of ALS mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Petimar
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - É O'Reilly
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Public Health, College of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - H-O Adami
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - J Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D R English
- Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D M Freedman
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G G Giles
- Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - T Kurth
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - K Robien
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L J Schouten
- Caphri School, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Weiderpass
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Wolk
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Rasouli B, Ahlqvist E, Alfredsson L, Andersson T, Carlsson PO, Groop L, Löfvenborg J, Martinell M, Rosengren A, Tuomi T, Wolk A, Carlsson S. Coffee consumption, genetic susceptibility and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: A population-based case-control study. Diabetes & Metabolism 2018; 44:354-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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11
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Larsson SC, Wolk A, Håkansson N, Bäck M. Coffee consumption and risk of aortic valve stenosis: A prospective study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:803-807. [PMID: 29627121 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coffee contains many biologically active compounds with potential adverse or beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Whether coffee consumption is associated with the risk of aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is unknown. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the association between coffee consumption and AVS incidence. METHODS AND RESULTS This prospective study included 71 178 men and women who provided information on their coffee consumption through a questionnaire at baseline. Incident cases of AVS were identified through linkage with the Swedish National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. During a mean follow-up of 15.2 years, 1295 participants (777 men and 518 women) were diagnosed with AVS. Coffee consumption was positively associated with risk of AVS in a dose-response manner after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, and other risk factors (P-trend = 0.005). The multivariable hazard ratios were was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 1.04-1.19) per 2 cups/day increase of coffee consumption and 1.65 (95% confidence interval 1.10-2.48) when comparing the highest (≥6 cups/day) with the lowest (<0.5 cup/day) category of coffee consumption. The association was not modified by other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel evidence that high coffee consumption is associated with an increased risk of AVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Larsson
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - A Wolk
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N Håkansson
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Bäck
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Benetou V, Orfanos P, Feskanich D, Michaëlsson K, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Byberg L, Eriksson S, Grodstein F, Wolk A, Jankovic N, de Groot LCPGM, Boffetta P, Trichopoulou A. Mediterranean diet and hip fracture incidence among older adults: the CHANCES project. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1591-1599. [PMID: 29656347 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The association between adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) and hip fracture incidence is not yet established. In a diverse population of elderly, increased adherence to MD was associated with lower hip fracture incidence. Except preventing major chronic diseases, adhering to MD might have additional benefits in lowering hip fracture risk. INTRODUCTION Hip fractures constitute a major public health problem among older adults. Latest evidence links adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) with reduced hip fracture risk, but still more research is needed to elucidate this relationship. The potential association of adherence to MD with hip fracture incidence was explored among older adults. METHODS A total of 140,775 adults (116,176 women, 24,599 men) 60 years and older, from five cohorts from Europe and the USA, were followed-up for 1,896,219 person-years experiencing 5454 hip fractures. Diet was assessed at baseline by validated, cohort-specific, food-frequency questionnaires, and hip fractures were ascertained through patient registers or telephone interviews/questionnaires. Adherence to MD was evaluated by a scoring system on a 10-point scale modified to be applied also to non-Mediterranean populations. In order to evaluate the association between MD and hip fracture incidence, cohort-specific hazard ratios (HR), adjusted for potential confounders, were estimated using Cox proportional-hazards regression and pooled estimates were subsequently derived implementing random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS A two-point increase in the score was associated with a significant 4% decrease in hip fracture risk (pooled adjusted HR 0.96; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.92-0.99, pheterogeneity = 0.446). In categorical analyses, hip fracture risk was lower among men and women with moderate (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.87-0.99) and high (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.87-1.01) adherence to the score compared with those with low adherence. CONCLUSIONS In this large sample of older adults from Europe and the USA, increased adherence to MD was associated with lower hip fracture incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Benetou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias street, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
| | - P Orfanos
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - D Feskanich
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - U Pettersson-Kymmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Eriksson
- Department of Community Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - F Grodstein
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Wolk
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Jankovic
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L C P G M de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Boffetta
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Ordóñez-Mena JM, Walter V, Schöttker B, Jenab M, O'Doherty MG, Kee F, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Peeters PHM, Stricker BH, Ruiter R, Hofman A, Söderberg S, Jousilahti P, Kuulasmaa K, Freedman ND, Wilsgaard T, Wolk A, Nilsson LM, Tjønneland A, Quirós JR, van Duijnhoven FJB, Siersema PD, Boffetta P, Trichopoulou A, Brenner H. Impact of prediagnostic smoking and smoking cessation on colorectal cancer prognosis: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from cohorts within the CHANCES consortium. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:472-483. [PMID: 29244072 PMCID: PMC6075220 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking has been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in previous studies and might also be associated with prognosis after CRC diagnosis. However, current evidence on smoking in association with CRC prognosis is limited. Patients and methods For this individual patient data meta-analysis, sociodemographic and smoking behavior information of 12 414 incident CRC patients (median age at diagnosis: 64.3 years), recruited within 14 prospective cohort studies among previously cancer-free adults, was collected at baseline and harmonized across studies. Vital status and causes of death were collected for a mean follow-up time of 5.1 years following cancer diagnosis. Associations of smoking behavior with overall and CRC-specific survival were evaluated using Cox regression and standard meta-analysis methodology. Results A total of 5229 participants died, 3194 from CRC. Cox regression revealed significant associations between former [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.12; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.20] and current smoking (HR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.04-1.60) and poorer overall survival compared with never smoking. Compared with current smoking, smoking cessation was associated with improved overall (HR<10 years = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.69-0.88; HR≥10 years = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.63-0.97) and CRC-specific survival (HR≥10 years = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.67-0.85). Conclusion In this large meta-analysis including primary data of incident CRC patients from 14 prospective cohort studies on the association between smoking and CRC prognosis, former and current smoking were associated with poorer CRC prognosis compared with never smoking. Smoking cessation was associated with improved survival when compared with current smokers. Future studies should further quantify the benefits of nonsmoking, both for cancer prevention and for improving survival among CRC patients, in particular also in terms of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Ordóñez-Mena
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - V Walter
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - B Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Health Care and Social Sciences, FOM University, Essen, Germany
| | - M Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - M G O'Doherty
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - F Kee
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - B Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P H M Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B H Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Ruiter
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - S Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology, and Heart Center, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - P Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Kuulasmaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - N D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA
| | - T Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - A Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L M Nilsson
- Nutritional Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Arcum, Arctic Research Centre at Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J R Quirós
- Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - P D Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Boffetta
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - A Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - H Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Michaëlsson K, Lohmander LS, Turkiewicz A, Wolk A, Nilsson P, Englund M. Association between statin use and consultation or surgery for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a pooled analysis of four cohort studies. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1804-1813. [PMID: 28756279 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental findings and previous observational data have suggested lower risk of osteoarthritis (OA) with statin use but results are inconsistent. Large-scale studies with a clinically important outcome are needed. Thus, we aimed to determine whether statin use is associated with a reduced risk of developing clinically-defined hip or knee OA. DESIGN Pooled analysis based on time-to-event analysis of four population-based large cohorts, encompassing in total 132,607 persons aged 57-91 years resident in southern and central Sweden. We studied the association between statin use and time to consultation or surgery for OA of the hip or knee by time-dependent exposure analysis and Cox regression. RESULTS During 7.5 years of follow-up, we identified 7468 out- or inpatient treated cases of hip or knee OA. Compared with never use, current use of statins conferred no overall reduction in the risk of OA with an adjusted pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 1.04 (95% confidence intervals [95% CI] 0.99-1.10). We found no dose-response relation between duration of current statin use and the risk of OA, with similar HRs among patients with less than 1 year of use (HR 1.09; 95% CI 0.92-1.32) as in patients with use for 3 years or more (HR 1.05; 0.93-1.16). Results were comparable in those with low, medium and high dose of current statin use, without indications of heterogeneity of study results. CONCLUSION Statin use is not associated with reduced risk of consultation or surgery for OA of the hip or knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - L S Lohmander
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund, Sweden.
| | - A Turkiewicz
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden.
| | - A Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - P Nilsson
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - M Englund
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden; Clinical Epidemiology Research & Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking are modifiable lifestyle factors with important impact on public health. It is unclear whether these factors influence the risk of aortic valve stenosis (AVS). OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of alcohol consumption and smoking, including smoking intensity and time since cessation, with AVS incidence in two prospective cohorts. METHODS This analysis was based on data from the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men, comprising 69 365 adults without cardiovascular disease at baseline. Participants were followed for AVS incidence and death by linkage to the Swedish National Patient and Causes of Death Registers. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up of 15.3 years, 1249 cases of AVS (494 in women and 755 in men) were recorded. Compared with never drinkers of alcohol (lifelong abstainers), the risk of AVS was significantly lower in current light drinkers (1-6 drinks per week [1 drink = 12 g alcohol]; multivariable HR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68-0.99). The risk of AVS increased with increasing smoking intensity. Compared with never smokers, the HR was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.16-1.85) in current smokers of ≥30 pack-years. Former smokers who had quit smoking 10 or more years previously had similar risk for AVS as never smokers. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that current light alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of AVS, and indicates that the association between smoking and AVS risk is reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Larsson
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Bäck
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of multiple healthy lifestyle factors on survival time is unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine differences in survival time associated with a healthy lifestyle versus a less healthy lifestyle. METHODS This study consisted of 33 454 men (Cohort of Swedish Men) and 30 639 women (Swedish Mammography Cohort) aged 45-83 years and free of cancer and cardiovascular disease at baseline. The healthy lifestyle factors included the following: (i) nonsmoking; (ii) physical activity at least 150 min per week; (iii) alcohol consumption of 0-14 drinks per week; (iv) and healthy diet defined as a modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet score above the median. Cox proportional hazards regression models and Laplace regression were used to estimate, respectively, hazard ratios of all-cause mortality and differences in survival time. RESULTS During follow-up from 1998 through 2014, 8630 deaths amongst men and 6730 deaths amongst women were ascertained through linkage to the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Each of the four healthy lifestyle factors was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and increased survival time. Compared with individuals with no or one healthy lifestyle factor, the multivariable hazard ratios of all-cause mortality for individuals with all four health behaviours were 0.47 (95% 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-0.51) in men and 0.39 (95% CI: 0.35-0.44) in women. This corresponded to a difference in survival time of 4.1 (95% CI: 3.6-4.6) years in men and 4.9 (95% CI: 4.3-5.6) years in women. CONCLUSION Adopting healthy lifestyle behaviours may markedly increase lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Larsson
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Kaluza
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Nutrition Research Laboratory, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Wolk
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gref A, Rautiainen S, Gruzieva O, Håkansson N, Kull I, Pershagen G, Wickman M, Wolk A, Melén E, Bergström A. Dietary total antioxidant capacity in early school age and subsequent allergic disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:751-759. [PMID: 28222232 PMCID: PMC5485024 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Dietary antioxidant intake has been hypothesized to influence the development of allergic diseases; however, few prospective studies have investigated this association. Objective Our aim was to study the association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet at age 8 years and the subsequent development of asthma, rhinitis and sensitization to inhalant allergens between 8 and 16 years, and to assess potential effect modification by known risk factors. Methods A total of 2359 children from the Swedish birth cohort BAMSE were included. Dietary TAC at age 8 years was estimated by combining information on the child's diet the past 12 months from a food frequency questionnaire with a database of common foods analysed with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method. Classification of asthma and rhinitis was based on questionnaires, and serum IgE antibodies were measured at 8 and 16 years. Results A statistically significant inverse association was observed between TAC of the diet and incident sensitization to inhalant allergens (adjusted odds ratio: 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.97 for the third compared to the first tertile, P‐value for trend = 0.031). Effect modification by traffic‐related air pollution exposure was observed, with a stronger association between dietary TAC and sensitization among children with low traffic‐related air pollution exposure (P‐value for interaction = 0.029). There was no evidence for effect modification by GSTP1 or TNF genotypes, although these results should be interpreted with caution. No clear associations were observed between TAC and development of rhinitis or asthma, although a significant inverse association was observed for allergic asthma (ORadj 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.94). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Higher TAC of the diet in early school age may decrease the risk of developing sensitization to inhalant allergens from childhood to adolescence. These findings indicate that implementing an antioxidant‐rich diet in childhood may contribute to the prevention of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gref
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Rautiainen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - O Gruzieva
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Kull
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Wickman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sachs' Children's Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Bergström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Katsoulis M, Benetou V, Karapetyan T, Feskanich D, Grodstein F, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Eriksson S, Wilsgaard T, Jørgensen L, Ahmed LA, Schöttker B, Brenner H, Bellavia A, Wolk A, Kubinova R, Stegeman B, Bobak M, Boffetta P, Trichopoulou A. Excess mortality after hip fracture in elderly persons from Europe and the USA: the CHANCES project. J Intern Med 2017; 281:300-310. [PMID: 28093824 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip fractures are associated with diminished quality of life and survival especially amongst the elderly. OBJECTIVE All-cause mortality after hip fracture was investigated to assess its magnitude. METHODS A total of 122 808 participants from eight cohorts in Europe and the USA were followed up for a mean of 12.6 years, accumulating 4273 incident hip fractures and 27 999 deaths. Incident hip fractures were assessed through telephone interviews/questionnaires or national inpatient/fracture registries, and causes of death were verified with death certificates. Cox proportional hazards models and the time-dependent variable methodology were used to assess the association between hip fracture and mortality and its magnitude at different time intervals after the injury in each cohort. We obtained the effect estimates through a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Hip fracture was positively associated with increased all-cause mortality; the hazard ratio (HR) in the fully adjusted model was 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.76-2.57, after adjusting for potential confounders. This association was stronger amongst men [HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.72-3.31] than amongst women [HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.54-2.39], although this difference was not significant. Mortality was higher during the first year after the hip fracture [HR: 2.78, 95% CI: 2.12-3.64], but it remained elevated without major fluctuations after longer time since hip fracture [HR (95% CI): 1.89 (1.50-2.37) after 1-4 years; 2.15 (1.81-2.55) after 4-8 years; 1.79 (1.57-2.05) after 8 or more years]. CONCLUSION In this large population-based sample of older persons across eight cohorts, hip fracture was associated with excess short- and long-term all-cause mortality in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Benetou
- School of Medicine, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - D Feskanich
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Grodstein
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - U Pettersson-Kymmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - S Eriksson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - T Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - L Jørgensen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - L A Ahmed
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - B Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Bellavia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Kubinova
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B Stegeman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Boffetta
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece.,Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Michaëlsson K, Wolk A, Byberg L, Mitchell A, Mallmin H, Melhus H. The seasonal importance of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D for bone mineral density in older women. J Intern Med 2017; 281:167-178. [PMID: 27665750 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of season when determining a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD) cut-off level for optimal bone health is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relative importance of S-25OHD for bone mineral density (BMD) by season. METHODS A subcohort of 5002 Swedish women (mean age 68 years), randomly selected from a large population-based longitudinal cohort study with repeat dietary and lifestyle information, was enrolled during 2003-2009 for a clinical examination, which included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and collection of fasting blood samples. Categories of vitamin D status were determined by S-25OHD (measured by HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS In samples collected during summer, we found a gradual increase in BMD of the total hip up to a S-25OHD level of 40 nmol L-1 (6% of the cohort). In women with S-25OHD concentrations below 30 nmol L-1 during summer, adjusted BMD was 11% lower [95% confidence interval (CI) 3-19] and in those with S-25OHD levels of 30-40 nmol L-1 BMD was 6% lower (95% CI 1-11), compared with women with S-25OHD levels above 80 nmol L-1 . Low S-25OHD concentrations during summer (<30 nmol L-1 ) were also associated with higher adjusted relative risk of osteoporosis (4.9; 95% CI 2.9-8.4) compared with concentrations above 80 nmol L-1 . By contrast, no differences in mean BMD values between categories of S-25OHD were found during winter. CONCLUSIONS Summer concentrations of S-25OHD appear to be the most useful to predict BMD, whereas winter levels have limited value. To determine a S-25OHD cut-off level for vitamin D deficiency, it may be necessary to take into account the season of blood collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Mitchell
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Mallmin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Melhus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Abstract
Red meat (beef, veal, pork, lamb and mutton) consumption contributes several important nutrients to the diet, for example essential amino acids, vitamins (including B12) and minerals (including iron and zinc). Processed red meat (ham, sausages, bacon, frankfurters, salami, etc.) undergoes treatment (curing, smoking, salting or the use of chemical preservatives and additives) to improve its shelf life and/or taste. During recent decades, consumption of red meat has been increasing globally, especially in developing countries. At the same time, there has been growing evidence that high consumption of red meat, especially of processed meat, may be associated with an increased risk of several major chronic diseases. Here, a comprehensive summary is provided of the accumulated evidence based on prospective cohort studies regarding the potential adverse health effects of red meat consumption on major chronic diseases, such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke and cancer at several sites, and mortality. Risk estimates from pooled analyses and meta-analyses are presented together with recently published findings. Based on at least six cohorts, summary results for the consumption of unprocessed red meat of 100 g day-1 varied from nonsignificant to statistically significantly increased risk (11% for stroke and for breast cancer, 15% for cardiovascular mortality, 17% for colorectal and 19% for advanced prostate cancer); for the consumption of 50 g day-1 processed meat, the risks were statistically significantly increased for most of the studied diseases (4% for total prostate cancer, 8% for cancer mortality, 9% for breast, 18% for colorectal and 19% for pancreatic cancer, 13% for stroke, 22% for total and 24% for cardiovascular mortality and 32% for diabetes). Potential biological mechanisms underlying the observed risks and the environmental impact of red meat production are also discussed. The evidence-based integrated message is that it is plausible to conclude that high consumption of red meat, and especially processed meat, is associated with an increased risk of several major chronic diseases and preterm mortality. Production of red meat involves an environmental burden. Therefore, some European countries have already integrated these two issues, human health and the 'health of the planet', into new dietary guidelines and recommended limiting consumption of red meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies of fish consumption and all-cause mortality have provided inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE We examined the dose-response association between fish consumption and mortality from all causes in a large population-based cohort of Swedish men and women. METHODS The study included 72 522 participants (33 973 women and 38 549 men), aged 45-83 years, from the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men. Information on fish consumption was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire in 1997. Participants were followed for 17 years (1 January 1998 to 31 December 2014), and data on death and causes of death were ascertained through linkage to the Swedish Cause of Death Register. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of death. Fish consumption was evaluated as a continuous predictor, flexibly modelled with restricted cubic splines to assess potential nonlinear associations. RESULTS During follow-up, 16 730 deaths (7168 women and 9562 men) were recorded. The dose-response association between fish consumption and all-cause mortality was U-shaped. Compared with the median fish consumption (women: 25.0; men: 30.5 g day-1 ), lower levels of consumption were progressively associated with higher mortality risk up to 25% for women [HR 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 1.40] and 19% for men (HR 1.19; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.32) with no reported consumption. Increasingly higher levels of fish consumption were associated with higher mortality risk only amongst women, with a 39% higher mortality risk amongst women reporting the highest level of fish consumption (80 g day-1 ; HR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.68). CONCLUSION These results indicate a U-shaped association between fish consumption and all-cause mortality, particularly amongst women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bellavia
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S C Larsson
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Lourdudoss C, Wolk A, Di Giuseppe D, Westerlind H, Klareskog L, Alfredsson L, van Vollenhoven R, Lampa J. THU0605 Omega-3 Fatty Acids Associates with Decreased Pain, Independent of Inflammation, in MTX Treated Early RA Patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Genkinger JM, Kitahara CM, Bernstein L, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Brotzman M, Elena JW, Giles GG, Hartge P, Singh PN, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Weiderpass E, Adami HO, Anderson KE, Beane-Freeman LE, Buring JE, Fraser GE, Fuchs CS, Gapstur SM, Gaziano JM, Helzlsouer KJ, Lacey JV, Linet MS, Liu JJ, Park Y, Peters U, Purdue MP, Robien K, Schairer C, Sesso HD, Visvanathan K, White E, Wolk A, Wolpin BM, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Jacobs EJ. Central adiposity, obesity during early adulthood, and pancreatic cancer mortality in a pooled analysis of cohort studies. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:2257-66. [PMID: 26347100 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI), a measure of obesity typically assessed in middle age or later, is known to be positively associated with pancreatic cancer. However, little evidence exists regarding the influence of central adiposity, a high BMI during early adulthood, and weight gain after early adulthood on pancreatic cancer risk. DESIGN We conducted a pooled analysis of individual-level data from 20 prospective cohort studies in the National Cancer Institute BMI and Mortality Cohort Consortium to examine the association of pancreatic cancer mortality with measures of central adiposity (e.g. waist circumference; n = 647 478; 1947 pancreatic cancer deaths), BMI during early adulthood (ages 18-21 years) and BMI change between early adulthood and cohort enrollment, mostly in middle age or later (n = 1 096 492; 3223 pancreatic cancer deaths). Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS Higher waist-to-hip ratio (HR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.17 per 0.1 increment) and waist circumference (HR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.14 per 10 cm) were associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer mortality, even when adjusted for BMI at baseline. BMI during early adulthood was associated with increased pancreatic cancer mortality (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.11-1.25 per 5 kg/m(2)), with increased risk observed in both overweight and obese individuals (compared with BMI of 21.0 to <23 kg/m(2), HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.55 for BMI 25.0 < 27.5 kg/m(2), HR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.20-1.84 for BMI 27.5 to <30 kg/m(2), HR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.11-1.85 for BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)). BMI gain after early adulthood, adjusted for early adult BMI, was less strongly associated with pancreatic cancer mortality (HR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10 per 5 kg/m(2)). CONCLUSIONS Our results support an association between pancreatic cancer mortality and central obesity, independent of BMI, and also suggest that being overweight or obese during early adulthood may be important in influencing pancreatic cancer mortality risk later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - C M Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - L Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
| | | | | | - J W Elena
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, USA
| | - G G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - P N Singh
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Medicine and The Center for Health Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA
| | - R Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - E Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H-O Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston
| | - K E Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - L E Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - J E Buring
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - G E Fraser
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Medicine and The Center for Health Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA
| | - C S Fuchs
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - S M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta
| | - J M Gaziano
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston
| | - K J Helzlsouer
- The Prevention & Research Center, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - J V Lacey
- Division of Cancer Etiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte
| | - M S Linet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - J J Liu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - Y Park
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis
| | - U Peters
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - M P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - K Robien
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington
| | - C Schairer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - H D Sesso
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - K Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - E White
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - A Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B M Wolpin
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston
| | - A Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health and Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University, New York, USA
| | - E J Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta
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Wu H, Kolehmainen M, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K, Uusitupa M, Schwab U, Wolk A, Landberg R. Alkylresorcinols in adipose tissue biopsies as biomarkers of whole-grain intake: an exploratory study of responsiveness to advised intake over 12 weeks. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:1244-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Benetou V, Orfanos P, Feskanich D, Michaëlsson K, Pettersson-Kymmer U, Ahmed LA, Peasey A, Wolk A, Brenner H, Bobak M, Wilsgaard T, Schöttker B, Saum KU, Bellavia A, Grodstein F, Klinaki E, Valanou E, Papatesta EM, Boffetta P, Trichopoulou A. Education, marital status, and risk of hip fractures in older men and women: the CHANCES project. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1733-46. [PMID: 25820745 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The role of socioeconomic status in hip fracture incidence is unclear. In a diverse population of elderly, higher education was found to be associated with lower, whereas living alone, compared to being married/cohabiting, with higher hip fracture risk. Educational level and marital status may contribute to hip fracture risk. INTRODUCTION The evidence on the association between socioeconomic status and hip fracture incidence is limited and inconsistent. We investigated the potential association of education and marital status with hip fracture incidence in older individuals from Europe and USA. METHODS A total of 155,940 participants (79 % women) aged 60 years and older from seven cohorts were followed up accumulating 6456 incident hip fractures. Information on education and marital status was harmonized across cohorts. Hip fractures were ascertained through telephone interviews/questionnaires or through record linkage with registries. Associations were assessed through Cox proportional hazard regression adjusting for several factors. Summary estimates were derived using random effects models. RESULTS Individuals with higher education, compared to those with low education, had lower hip fracture risk [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.84, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.72-0.95]. Respective HRs were 0.97 (95 % CI 0.82-1.13) for men and 0.75 (95 % CI 0.65-0.85) for women. Overall, individuals living alone, especially those aged 60-69 years, compared to those being married/cohabiting, tended to have a higher hip fracture risk (HR = 1.12, 95 % CI 1.02-1.22). There was no suggestion for heterogeneity across cohorts (P heterogeneity > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The combined data from >150,000 individuals 60 years and older suggest that higher education may contribute to lower hip fracture risk. Furthermore, this risk may be higher among individuals living alone, especially among the age group 60-69 years, when compared to those being married/cohabiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Benetou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Athens, 115 27, Greece.
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Kaisareias 13 and Alexandroupoleos Str, Athens, 115 27, Greece.
| | - P Orfanos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Athens, 115 27, Greece
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Kaisareias 13 and Alexandroupoleos Str, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - D Feskanich
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - U Pettersson-Kymmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L A Ahmed
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - T Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - B Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K-U Saum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Bellavia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Grodstein
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Klinaki
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - E Valanou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - E-M Papatesta
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Kaisareias 13 and Alexandroupoleos Str, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - P Boffetta
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Kaisareias 13 and Alexandroupoleos Str, Athens, 115 27, Greece
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - A Trichopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, Athens, 115 27, Greece
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Kaisareias 13 and Alexandroupoleos Str, Athens, 115 27, Greece
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Hjern F, Mahmood MW, Abraham-Nordling M, Wolk A, Håkansson N. Cohort study of corticosteroid use and risk of hospital admission for diverticular disease. Br J Surg 2014; 102:119-24. [PMID: 25389076 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication has been suggested as a potential risk factor for diverticular disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the intake of corticosteroids, indometacin or aspirin and diverticular disease. METHOD This was a prospective population-based cohort study of middle-aged women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Use of corticosteroids (oral or inhaled), indometacin or aspirin in 1997 was determined from questionnaires. Cases of diverticular disease were identified from the Swedish national registers until the end of 2010. The relative risk (RR) of diverticular disease requiring hospital admission according to the use of medication was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, body mass index, physical activity, fibre intake, diabetes, hypertension, alcohol, smoking and education. RESULTS A total of 36 586 middle-aged women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort were included, of whom 674 (1.8 per cent) were hospitalized with diverticular disease at least once. Some 7.2 per cent of women reported intake of oral corticosteroids and 8.5 per cent use of inhaled corticosteroids. In multivariable analysis, women who reported oral corticosteroid intake had a 37 per cent (RR 1.37, 95 per cent c.i. 1.06 to 1.78; P = 0.012) increased risk of diverticular disease compared with those who reported no intake at all. Use of inhaled corticosteroids was associated with an even more pronounced increase in risk of 71 per cent (RR 1.71, 1.36 to 2.14; P < 0.001). There was a significant dose-response relationship, with the risk increasing with longer duration of inhaled corticosteroids (P for trend < 0.001). Use of indometacin (2.5 per cent of women) or aspirin (44.2 per cent) did not influence the risk. CONCLUSION There was a significant relationship between corticosteroids (especially inhaled) and diverticular disease requiring hospital admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hjern
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Löfvenborg JE, Andersson T, Carlsson PO, Dorkhan M, Groop L, Martinell M, Tuomi T, Wolk A, Carlsson S. Fatty fish consumption and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Nutr Diabetes 2014; 4:e139. [PMID: 25329601 PMCID: PMC4216999 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2014.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: It has been suggested that intake of fatty fish may protect against both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Hypotheses rest on the high marine omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) and vitamin D contents, with possible beneficial effects on immune function and glucose metabolism. Our aim was to investigate, for the first time, fatty fish consumption in relation to the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). Methods: Analyses were based on data from a Swedish case–control study with incident cases of LADA (n=89) and type 2 diabetes (n=462) and randomly selected diabetes-free controls (n=1007). Diabetes classification was based on the onset of age (⩾35), glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies, and C-peptide. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to derive information on previous intake of fish, polyunsaturated long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and supplementation of fish oil and vitamin D. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), family history of diabetes, physical activity, smoking, education, and consumption of alcohol, fruit, vegetables and red meat. Results: Weekly fatty fish consumption (⩾1 vs <1 serving per week), was associated with a reduced risk of LADA but not type 2 diabetes (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.30–0.87, and 1.01, 95% CI 0.74–1.39, respectively). Similar associations were seen for estimated intake of n-3 PUFA (⩾0.3 g per day; LADA: OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.35–1.03, type 2 diabetes: OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.79–1.58) and fish oil supplementation (LADA: OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.19–1.12, type 2 diabetes: OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.08–2.31). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that fatty fish consumption may reduce the risk of LADA, possibly through effects of marine-originated omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Löfvenborg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Andersson
- 1] Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P-O Carlsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Dorkhan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Martinell
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Tuomi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital; Research Program for Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki and Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Carlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bergkvist C, Kippler M, Larsson SC, Berglund M, Glynn A, Wolk A, Åkesson A. Dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls is associated with increased risk of stroke in women. J Intern Med 2014; 276:248-59. [PMID: 24428778 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The potentially beneficial effects of fish consumption on stroke may be modified by major food contaminants in fish. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in particular are proposed to play a role in the aetiology of stroke. The aim of this study was to assess the association between dietary PCB exposure and stroke risk with the intake of long-chain omega-3 fish fatty acids and fish consumption. DESIGN The prospective population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort was examined. It was comprised of 34,591 women free of cardiovascular diseases and cancer at baseline in 1997 and followed up for 12 years. Validated estimates of dietary PCB exposure were obtained via a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Incident cases of stroke were ascertained through register linkage. RESULTS During 12 years of follow-up (397,309 person-years), there were 2015 incident cases of total stroke (1532 ischaemic strokes, 216 intracerebral haemorrhages, 94 subarachnoid haemorrhages and 173 unspecified strokes). Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RR), controlled for known stroke risk factors and fish consumption, were 1.67 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29-2.17] for total stroke, 1.61 (95% CI, 1.19-2.17) for ischaemic stroke and 2.80 (95% CI, 1.42-5.55) for haemorrhagic stroke for women in the highest quartile of dietary PCB exposure (median 288 ng day(-1) ) compared with women in the lowest quartile (median 101 ng day(-1) ). CONCLUSION Dietary exposure to PCBs was associated with an increased stroke risk in women, especially haemorrhagic stroke. The results provide important information regarding the risk-benefit analysis of fish consumption, particularly for cerebrovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bergkvist
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Stackelberg O, Björck M, Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A. Sex differences in the association between smoking and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br J Surg 2014; 101:1230-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It is unclear whether recommendations about ultrasound screening programmes for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) among men should be extended to include women who smoke. The aim was to examine sex-specific dose–response associations between AAA risk and smoking status, pack-years smoked and time since smoking cessation.
Methods
Women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort and men in the Cohort of Swedish Men were followed up from 1998 to 2011. AAA was identified through linkage of the cohorts to the Swedish Inpatient Register and the Swedish National Register for Vascular Surgery (Swedvasc), and not through general ultrasound screening. Associations were estimated with Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
The cohorts included 35 550 women and 42 596 men, aged 46–84 years. During follow-up, AAA was identified in 199 women and 958 men. The incidence of AAA per 100 000 person-years was 76 among men who never smoked and 136 among women who currently smoke. Regarding AAA risk, women were more sensitive to current smoking (Pinteraction= 0·002). Compared with never smokers, the hazard ratio (HR) for AAA in current smokers with more than 20 pack-years was 10·97 (95 per cent confidence interval 7·41 to 16·26) among women and 6·55 (5·36 to 7·99) among men. Following smoking cessation, women had a more rapid decline in excess risk (Pinteraction < 0·001). The risk was halved after 11 years (HR 0·51, 0·32 to 0·81) among women and after 23 years (HR 0·50, 0·42 to 0·60) among men.
Conclusion
There were sex differences in the associations between smoking status and AAA risk. These data support further investigation of targeted AAA screening among women who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Stackelberg
- Units of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Björck
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S C Larsson
- Units of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Orsini
- Units of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Units of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Di Giuseppe D, Bottai M, Askling J, Wolk A. AB0118 Physical Activity and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Women. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Genkinger JM, Wang M, Li R, Albanes D, Anderson KE, Bernstein L, van den Brandt PA, English DR, Freudenheim JL, Fuchs CS, Gapstur SM, Giles GG, Goldbohm RA, Håkansson N, Horn-Ross PL, Koushik A, Marshall JR, McCullough ML, Miller AB, Robien K, Rohan TE, Schairer C, Silverman DT, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Virtamo J, Willett WC, Wolk A, Ziegler RG, Smith-Warner SA. Dairy products and pancreatic cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 14 cohort studies. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:1106-15. [PMID: 24631943 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has few early symptoms, is usually diagnosed at late stages, and has a high case-fatality rate. Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial to reducing pancreatic cancer morbidity and mortality. Prior studies have suggested that specific foods and nutrients, such as dairy products and constituents, may play a role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. In this pooled analysis of the primary data from 14 prospective cohort studies, 2212 incident pancreatic cancer cases were identified during follow-up among 862 680 individuals. Adjusting for smoking habits, personal history of diabetes, alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI), and energy intake, multivariable study-specific hazard ratios (MVHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards models and then pooled using a random effects model. There was no association between total milk intake and pancreatic cancer risk (MVHR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.82-1.18 comparing ≥500 with 1-69.9 g/day). Similarly, intakes of low-fat milk, whole milk, cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt, and ice-cream were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk. No statistically significant association was observed between dietary (MVHR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.77-1.19) and total calcium (MVHR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.71-1.12) intake and pancreatic cancer risk overall when comparing intakes ≥1300 with <500 mg/day. In addition, null associations were observed for dietary and total vitamin D intake and pancreatic cancer risk. Findings were consistent within sex, smoking status, and BMI strata or when the case definition was limited to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Overall, these findings do not support the hypothesis that consumption of dairy foods, calcium, or vitamin D during adulthood is associated with pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York
| | - M Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston
| | - R Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston
| | - D Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - K E Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - L Bernstein
- Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Science, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, USA
| | - P A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D R English
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J L Freudenheim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo
| | - C S Fuchs
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - S M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA
| | - G G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R A Goldbohm
- Department of Prevention and Health, TNO Quality of Life, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N Håkansson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P L Horn-Ross
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, USA
| | - A Koushik
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal
| | - J R Marshall
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo
| | - M L McCullough
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA
| | - A B Miller
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - K Robien
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - T E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, USA
| | - C Schairer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - D T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - R Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - J Virtamo
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W C Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - A Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R G Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda
| | - S A Smith-Warner
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Discacciati A, Orsini N, Wolk A. Coffee consumption and risk of nonaggressive, aggressive and fatal prostate cancer--a dose-response meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:584-591. [PMID: 24276028 PMCID: PMC4433502 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing epidemiological evidence is controversial regarding the possible associations between coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) by aggressiveness of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a random-effects dose-response meta-analysis to assess the relationships between coffee consumption and nonaggressive, aggressive and fatal PCa risk. Studies were identified by a search of Medline and Embase databases to 15 July 2013. We carried out separate analyses by grade (Gleason score: low-grade, high-grade) and stage (TNM staging system: localized, advanced) of the tumors. Nonaggressive tumors were defined as low-grade or localized, while aggressive tumors were defined as high-grade or advanced. RESULTS Eight studies (three case-control and five cohort) were included in this meta-analysis. Gleason 7 tumors were classified as high-grade in one study, while in another study, Gleason 7(4 + 3) tumors were classified as high-grade and Gleason 7(3 + 4) as low-grade. In the remaining four studies, Gleason 7 tumors were excluded from the analyses or analyzed separately. The pooled relative risk (RR) for a consumption increment of 3 cups/day was 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92-1.03] for low-grade PCa (n = 6), 0.97 (95% CI 0.94-0.99) for localized PCa (n = 6), 0.89 (95% CI 0.78-1.00) for high-grade PCa (n = 6), 0.95 (95% CI 0.85-1.06) for advanced PCa (n = 6) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.82-0.97) for fatal PCa (n = 4). No evidence of publication bias was observed. Heterogeneity was absent or marginal (I(2) range = 0-26%), with the only exception of the analysis on advanced PCa, where moderate heterogeneity was observed (I(2) = 60%). When restricting the analyses only to those studies that defined high-grade tumors as Gleason 8-10, the inverse association became slightly stronger [RR: 0.84 (95% CI 0.72-0.98); n = 4]. CONCLUSIONS Results from this dose-response meta-analysis suggest that coffee consumption may be inversely associated with the risk of fatal PCa. No clear evidence of an association with PCa incidence was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Discacciati
- Units of Nutritional Epidemiology; Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - N Orsini
- Units of Nutritional Epidemiology; Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Units of Nutritional Epidemiology
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Harris H, H�kansson N, Olofsson C, Julin B, �kesson A, Wolk A. The Swedish mammography cohort and the cohort of Swedish men: Study design and characteristics of 2 population-based longitudinal cohorts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.13172/2053-079x-1-2-943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Discacciati A, Orsini N, Andersson SO, Andrén O, Johansson JE, Mantzoros CS, Wolk A. Coffee consumption and risk of localized, advanced and fatal prostate cancer: a population-based prospective study. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1912-1918. [PMID: 23508823 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiological evidence on possible relationships between coffee consumption and prostate cancer (PCa) risk by subtype of the disease (localized, advanced) and fatal PCa risk is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS A population-based cohort of 44 613 Swedish men aged 45-79 years was followed up from January 1998 through December 2010 for incidence of localized (n = 2368), advanced (n = 918) and fatal (n = 515) PCa. We assessed the associations between coffee consumption and localized, advanced and fatal PCa risk using competing-risk regressions. We examined possible effect modification by body mass index (BMI). RESULTS For localized PCa, each one cup increase in daily coffee consumption was associated with a 3% reduced risk [sub-hazard ratio (SHR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95-0.99]. For advanced and fatal PCa, we found a non-significant inverse association; each one cup increase was associated with a 2% reduced risk of advanced [SHR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.95-1.02)] and fatal PCa [SHR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.93-1.03)]. We observed evidence of effect modification by BMI for localized PCa (Pinteraction = 0.03); the inverse association was stronger among overweight and obese men (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) compared with normal-weight men (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)). CONCLUSIONS We observed a clear inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of localized PCa, especially among overweight and obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Discacciati
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - N Orsini
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - S-O Andersson
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro; Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - O Andrén
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro; Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - J-E Johansson
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro; Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - C S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - A Wolk
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm.
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Rosenlund H, Magnusson J, Kull I, Håkansson N, Wolk A, Pershagen G, Wickman M, Bergström A. Antioxidant intake and allergic disease in children. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:1491-500. [PMID: 22994346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antioxidant intake may reduce the risk of allergic disease by protecting against oxidative tissue damage. Major sources of antioxidants in the Western world are fruits, vegetables (vitamin C, β-carotene, α-tocopherol), meat and milk (selenium, magnesium, zinc). Children may exclude or eat less of some fruits and vegetables due to cross-reactivity between pollen and these foods, complicating assessment of causal relationships. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between dietary antioxidant intake and allergic disease, taking potential reverse causation into account. METHODS Data on 2442 8-year-old children from the Swedish birth cohort study BAMSE were analysed. Children with completed parental questionnaires on exposures and health, including a food-frequency questionnaire and who provided a blood sample were included. Associations between antioxidant intake during the past year and current allergic disease were analysed using logistic regression. RESULTS An inverse association was observed between intake of β-carotene and rhinitis (OR(adj), highest vs. lowest quartile, 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.93). Magnesium intake was inversely related to asthma (OR(adj), 0.65, 95% CI 0.42-1.00) and atopic sensitisation (OR(adj), 0.78, 95% CI 0.61-1.00). Following exclusion of children who avoided certain fruits, vegetables or milk due to allergic symptoms (n = 285), the inverse association remained between magnesium intake and asthma (OR(adj), 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.98), whereas all other associations became non-significant. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diet modifications due to allergy may affect the antioxidant intake and needs to be considered when investigating the relationship between diet and allergic disease. Magnesium intake seems to have a protective effect on childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rosenlund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
The relationship between obesity and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is unclear. An observational cohort study was undertaken to examine the associations between waist circumference as a measure of abdominal adiposity, and between body mass index (BMI) as a measure of total adiposity, and risk of AAA.
Methods
Data were used from the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men, involving 63 655 men and women, aged 46–84 years. Between 1998 and 2009, 597 patients with incident AAA defined by relevant clinical events were identified by linkage to the Swedish Inpatient Register and the Swedish Vascular Registry. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) with 95 per cent confidence intervals.
Results
In multivariable analysis, individuals with an increased waist circumference had a 30 per cent higher risk of AAA (RR 1·30, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·05 to 1·60) compared with those with a normal waist circumference. The risk of AAA increased by 15 per cent (RR 1·15, 1·05 to 1·26) per 5-cm increment of waist circumference up to the level 100 cm for men and 88 cm for women. There was no association between BMI and risk of AAA.
Conclusion
Abdominal, but not total, adiposity was associated with an increased risk of incident AAA. A threshold was observed at a waist circumference of 100 cm for men and 88 cm for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Stackelberg
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Sweden
| | - M Björck
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - O Sadr-Azodi
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Sweden
- Unit of Upper Gastrointestinal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S C Larsson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Sweden
| | - N Orsini
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Sweden
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Julin B, Wolk A, Johansson JE, Andersson SO, Andrén O, Akesson A. Dietary cadmium exposure and prostate cancer incidence: a population-based prospective cohort study. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:895-900. [PMID: 22850555 PMCID: PMC3425979 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental data convincingly propose the toxic metal cadmium as a prostate carcinogen. Cadmium is widely dispersed into the environment and, consequently, food is contaminated. METHODS A population-based cohort of 41 089 Swedish men aged 45-79 years was followed prospectively from 1998 through 2009 to assess the association between food frequency questionnaire-based estimates of dietary cadmium exposure (at baseline, 1998) and incidence of prostate cancer (3085 cases, of which 894 were localised and 794 advanced) and through 2008 for prostate cancer mortality (326 fatal cases). RESULTS Mean dietary cadmium exposure was 19 μg per day±s.d. 3.7. Multivariable-adjusted dietary cadmium exposure was positively associated with overall prostate cancer, comparing extreme tertiles; rate ratio (RR) 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.24). For subtypes of prostate cancer, the RR was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.08-1.53) for localised, 1.05 (95% CI: 0.87-1.25) for advanced, and 1.14 (95% CI: 0.86-1.51) for fatal cases. No statistically significant difference was observed in the multivariable-adjusted risk estimates between tumour subtypes (P(heterogeneity)=0.27). For localised prostate cancer, RR was 1.55 (1.16-2.08) among men with a small waist circumference and RR 1.45 (1.15, 1.83) among ever smokers. CONCLUSION Our findings provide support that dietary cadmium exposure may have a role in prostate cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Julin
- Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Background: Coffee and black tea contain a mixture of compounds that have the potential to influence breast cancer risk and survival. However, epidemiologic data on the relation between coffee and black tea consumption and breast cancer survival are sparse. Methods: We investigated the association between coffee and black tea consumption and survival among 3243 women with invasive breast cancer in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: From 1987 to 2010 there were 394 breast cancer-specific deaths and 973 total deaths. Coffee and black tea were not associated with breast cancer-specific or overall mortality. Women consuming 4+ cups of coffee per day had a covariate and clinical characteristics-adjusted HR (95% CI) of death from breast cancer of 1.14 (0.71–1.83; ptrend=0.81) compared with those consuming <1 cup per day. Women consuming 2+ cups of black tea per day had a covariate and clinical characteristics-adjusted HR (95% CI) of death from breast cancer of 1.02 (0.67–1.55; ptrend=0.94) compared with non-tea drinkers. Caffeine was also not associated with breast cancer-specific (HR for top to bottom quartile=1.06; 95% CI=0.79–1.44; ptrend=0.71) or overall mortality. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that coffee, black tea, and caffeine consumption before breast cancer diagnosis do not influence breast cancer-specific and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Harris
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, The National Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 210, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that smoking increases the risk of chronic pancreatitis. However, the impact of smoking on the development of acute pancreatitis has not been fully studied. OBJECTIVE To clarify the association between cigarette smoking, smoking cessation and the risk of acute pancreatitis. DESIGN A follow-up study was conducted of 84,667 Swedish women and men, aged 46-84, during 12 years to study the association between smoking status, smoking intensity and duration, duration of smoking cessation and the risk of acute pancreatitis. Only those with the first event of the disease and no previous history of acute pancreatitis were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate rate ratios (RRs) with 95% CI for different smoking-related variables, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, diabetes, educational level and alcohol consumption. RESULTS In total, 307 cases with non-gallstone-related and 234 cases with gallstone-related acute pancreatitis were identified. The risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis was more than double (RR=2.29; 95% CI 1.63 to 3.22, p<0.01) among current smokers with ≥20 pack-years of smoking as compared with never-smokers. The corresponding risk among individuals with ≥400 g monthly consumption of alcohol was increased more than fourfold (RR=4.12; 95% CI 1.98 to 8.60, p<0.01). The duration of smoking rather than smoking intensity increased the risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. After two decades of smoking cessation the risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis was reduced to a level comparable to that of non-smokers. There was no association between smoking and gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSION Smoking is an important risk factor for non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. Early smoking cessation should be recommended as a part of the clinical management of patients with acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sadr-Azodi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Background: Whether red and processed meat consumption is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarise the evidence from prospective studies of red and processed meat consumption and pancreatic cancer risk. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases through November 2011. Study-specific results were pooled using a random-effects model. Results: Eleven prospective studies, with 6643 pancreatic cancer cases, were included in the meta-analysis. An increase in red meat consumption of 120 g per day was associated with an overall relative risk (RR) of 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.93–1.39; Pheterogeneity<0.001). Red meat consumption was positively associated with pancreatic cancer risk in men (RR=1.29; 95% CI=1.08–1.53; Pheterogeneity=0.28; five studies), but not in women (RR=0.93; 95% CI=0.74–1.16; Pheterogeneity=0.21; six studies). The RR of pancreatic cancer for a 50 g per day increase in processed meat consumption was 1.19 (95% CI=1.04–1.36; Pheterogeneity=0.46). Conclusion: Findings from this meta-analysis indicate that processed meat consumption is positively associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Red meat consumption was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in men. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Larsson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Discacciati A, Orsini N, Wolk A. Body mass index and incidence of localized and advanced prostate cancer--a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:1665-71. [PMID: 22228452 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between obesity and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear; however, etiologic heterogeneity by subtype of PCa (localized, advanced) related to obesity was suggested. Therefore, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies to assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and risk of localized and advanced PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant prospective studies were identified by a search of Medline and Embase databases to 03 October 2011. Twelve studies on localized PCa (1,033,009 men, 19,130 cases) and 13 on advanced PCa (1,080,790 men, 7067 cases) were identified. We carried out a dose-response meta-analysis using random-effects model. RESULTS For localized PCa, we observed an inverse linear relationship with BMI [Ptrend<0.001, relative risk (RR): 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 0.91-0.97) for every 5 kg/m2 increase]; there was no evidence of heterogeneity (Pheterogeneity=0.27). For advanced PCa, we observed a linear direct relationship with BMI (Ptrend=0.001, RR: 1.09 (95% CI 1.02-1.16) for every 5 kg/m2 increase); there was weak evidence of heterogeneity (Pheterogeneity=0.08). Omitting one study that contributed substantially to the heterogeneity yielded a pooled RR of 1.07 (95% CI 1.01-1.13) for every 5 kg/m2 increase (Pheterogeneity=0.26). CONCLUSIONS The quantitative summary of the accumulated evidence indicates that obesity may have a dual effect on PCa-a decreased risk for localized PCa and an increased risk for advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Discacciati
- Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Background: Alcohol intake has consistently been associated with increased breast cancer incidence in epidemiological studies. However, the relation between alcohol and survival after breast cancer diagnosis is less clear. Methods: We investigated whether alcohol intake was associated with survival among 3146 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Alcohol consumption was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: From 1987 to 2008 there were 385 breast cancer-specific deaths and 860 total deaths. No significant association was observed between alcohol intake and breast cancer-specific survival. Women who consumed 10 g per day (corresponding to approximately 0.75 to 1 drinks) or more of alcohol had an adjusted HR (95% CI) of breast cancer-specific death of 1.36 (0.82–2.26;ptrend=0.47) compared with non-drinkers. A significant inverse association was observed between alcohol and non-breast cancer deaths. Those who consumed 3.4–9.9 g per day of alcohol had a 33% lower risk of death compared with non-drinkers (95% CI 0.50–0.90;ptrend=0.04). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that alcohol intake up to approximately one small drink per day does not negatively impact breast cancer-specific survival and a half drink per day is associated with a decreased risk of mortality from other causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Harris
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Discacciati A, Orsini N, Andersson SO, Andrén O, Johansson JE, Wolk A. Body mass index in early and middle-late adulthood and risk of localised, advanced and fatal prostate cancer: a population-based prospective study. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1061-8. [PMID: 21847119 PMCID: PMC3185939 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between body mass index (BMI) during early and middle-late adulthood and incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) by subtype of the disease (localised, advanced) and fatal PCa is unclear. METHODS A population-based cohort of 36,959 Swedish men aged 45-79 years was followed up from January 1998 through December 2008 for incidence of PCa (1530 localised and 554 advanced cases were diagnosed) and through December 2007 for PCa mortality (225 fatal cases). RESULTS From a competing-risks analysis, incidence of localised PCa was observed to be inversely associated with BMI at baseline (middle-late adulthood; rate ratio (RR) for 35 kg m(-2) when compared with 22 kg m(-2) was 0.69 (95% CI 0.52-0.92)), but not at age 30. For fatal PCa, BMI at baseline was associated with a nonstatistically significant increased risk (RR for every five-unit increase: 1.12 (0.88-1.43)) and BMI at age 30 with a decreased risk (RR for every five-unit increase: 0.72 (0.51-1.01)). CONCLUSION Our results indicate an inverse association between obesity during middle-late, but not early adulthood, and localised PCa. They also suggest a dual association between BMI and fatal PCa--a decreased risk among men who were obese during early adulthood and an increased risk among those who were obese during middle-late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Discacciati
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sadr Azodi O, Orsini N, Andrén-Sandberg Å, Wolk A. Effect of type of alcoholic beverage in causing acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2011; 98:1609-16. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The effect of different alcoholic beverages and drinking behaviour on the risk of acute pancreatitis has rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of alcoholic beverage in causing acute pancreatitis.
Methods
A follow-up study was conducted, using the Swedish Mammography Cohort and Cohort of Swedish Men, to study the association between consumption of spirits, wine and beer and the risk of acute pancreatitis. No patient with a history of chronic pancreatitis was included and those who developed pancreatic cancer during follow-up were excluded. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate rate ratios.
Results
In total, 84 601 individuals, aged 46-84 years, were followed for a median of 10 years, of whom 513 developed acute pancreatitis. There was a dose–response association between the amount of spirits consumed on a single occasion and the risk of acute pancreatitis. After multivariable adjustments, there was a 52 per cent (risk ratio 1·52, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·12 to 2·06) increased risk of acute pancreatitis for every increment of five standard drinks of spirits consumed on a single occasion. The association weakened slightly when those with gallstone-related pancreatitis were excluded. There was no association between consumption of wine or beer, frequency of alcoholic beverage consumption including spirits, or average total monthly consumption of alcohol (ethanol) and the risk of acute pancreatitis.
Conclusion
The risk of acute pancreatitis was associated with the amount of spirits consumed on a single occasion but not with wine or beer consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sadr Azodi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Orsini
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Å Andrén-Sandberg
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetes is associated with increased risk of cancer at several sites, but its association with cancer of the kidney is unclear. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to examine the association between diabetes and incidence of kidney cancer. METHODS Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed (from January 1966 to December 2010) and reviewing the reference lists of relevant articles. We included cohort studies reporting RR estimates and 95% CI (or data to calculate them) of the association between diabetes and kidney cancer incidence. Summary RRs were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Nine cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of all studies showed that compared with individuals without diabetes, patients with diabetes had a statistically significant increased risk of kidney cancer (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.06-1.91). There was heterogeneity among studies (p < 0.001 for heterogeneity). The association was stronger in women (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.47-1.97) than in men (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.49). When restricting the analysis to studies that had adjusted for body mass index (n = 3) or cigarette smoking (n = 3), the RRs were 1.12 (95% CI 0.99-1.27) and 1.29 (95% CI 1.05-1.58), respectively. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This meta-analysis indicates a positive association between diabetes and risk of kidney cancer. Future research should attempt to establish whether this association is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Larsson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, The National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
The relationship between smoking and the risk of diverticular disease is unclear. An observational cohort study was undertaken to investigate the association between smoking and diverticular disease.
Methods
Women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort born between 1914 and 1948 were followed from 1997 to 2008. Information on smoking and other lifestyle factors was collected through questionnaires. Patients with symptomatic diverticular disease were identified from Swedish national registers. Relative risks (RRs) of symptomatic diverticular disease (resulting in hospital admission or death) according to smoking status were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
Of 35 809 women included in the study, 561 (1·6 per cent) had symptomatic diverticular disease. In multivariable analysis, current smokers had an increased risk of symptomatic diverticular disease compared with non-smokers after adjustment for age, intake of dietary fibre, diabetes, hypertension, use of acetylsalicylic acid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or steroid medication, alcohol consumption, body mass index, physical activity and level of education (RR 1·23, 95 per cent confidence interval 0·99 to 1·52). Past smokers also had an increased risk (RR 1·26, 1·02 to 1·56). Smokers had a higher risk of developing a diverticular perforation/abscess than non-smokers (RR 1·89, 1·15 to 3·10).
Conclusion
Smoking is associated with symptomatic diverticular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hjern
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wolk
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Håkansson
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wallin A, Orsini N, Wolk A. Red and processed meat consumption and risk of ovarian cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1196-201. [PMID: 21343939 PMCID: PMC3068494 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During the last decade, the epidemiological evidence on consumption of meat and risk of ovarian cancer has accumulated. Methods: We assessed the relationship between red and processed meat consumption and risk of ovarian cancer with a dose-response meta-analysis. Relevant prospective cohort studies were identified by searching the PubMed and EMBASE databases through 21 January 2011, and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved articles. Study-specific relative risk (RR) estimates were combined using a random-effects model. Results: Eight cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. The summary RR for an intake increment of 100 g per week was 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99–1.04) for red meat and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.98–1.14) for processed meat. For an intake increment of four servings per week, the summary RR of ovarian cancer was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.97–1.19) for red meat (100 g per serving) and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.97–1.17) for processed meat (30 g per serving). Conclusion: Results from this dose-response meta-analysis suggest that red and processed meat consumption is not associated with risk of ovarian cancer. Although a lower consumption of red and processed meat may offer protection against other types of cancer, other interventions are needed to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wallin
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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Burgaz A, Byberg L, Rautiainen S, Orsini N, Håkansson N, Arnlöv J, Sundström J, Lind L, Melhus H, Michaëlsson K, Wolk A. Confirmed hypertension and plasma 25(OH)D concentrations amongst elderly men. J Intern Med 2011; 269:211-8. [PMID: 21091810 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES the results of experimental studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency activates the renin-angiotensin system and predisposes to hypertension. Results of previous epidemiological studies investigating the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status and hypertension have not been consistent, perhaps because of their sole reliance on office blood pressure (BP) measurements leading to some misclassification of hypertension status. No previous studies have examined the association between 25(OH)D status and confirmed hypertension assessed with both office and 24-h BP measurements. DESIGN in this cross-sectional study, we investigated 833 Caucasian men, aged 71 ± 0.6 years, to determine the association between plasma 25(OH)D concentrations, measured with high-pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and the prevalence of hypertension. We used both supine office and 24-h BP measurements for classifying participants as normotensive or confirmed hypertensive; participants with inconsistent classifications were excluded. RESULTS in a multivariable adjusted logistic regression model, men with 25(OH)D concentrations <37.5 nmol L(-1) had a 3-fold higher prevalence of confirmed hypertension compared to those with ≥ 37.5 nmol L(-1) 25(OH)D (odds ratio = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.0-11.0). CONCLUSIONS our results show that low plasma 25(OH)D concentration is associated with a higher prevalence of confirmed hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Burgaz
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institiute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ekström AM, Serafini M, Nyrén O, Wolk A, Bosetti C, Bellocco R. Dietary quercetin intake and risk of gastric cancer: results from a population-based study in Sweden. Ann Oncol 2010; 22:438-43. [PMID: 20688844 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the impact of the dietary antioxidant quercetin on risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using data from a large Swedish population-based case-control study of gastric cancer (505 cases and 1116 controls), we studied the association between quercetin and risk of anatomic (cardia/noncardia) and histological (intestinal and diffuse) subtypes of gastric cancer. RESULTS We found strong inverse associations between quercetin and the risk of noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.57 (95% confidence interval 0.40-0.83) for the highest quintile (≥11.9 mg) of daily quercetin intake relative to the lowest quintile of intake (<4 mg quercetin/day), supported by a significant decreasing linear trend (P value < 0.001). Similar findings were observed for the intestinal and diffuse subtype. For cardia cancer, we found a less evident and nonsignificant inverse relationship. The protection of quercetin appeared to be stronger among female smokers, with the OR leveled of at values <0.2 in quintiles 3-5 (>6 mg quercetin/day). CONCLUSIONS High dietary quercetin intake is inversely related to the risk of noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma, and the protection appears to be particularly strong for women exposed to oxidative stress, such as tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ekström
- Division of Global Health/IHCAR, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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