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Williams CR, McGregor K, Feld A, Boskey ER. Understanding Their Experiences: Psychosocial Functioning of Nonbinary and Binary Youth at the Time of Hormone Readiness Assessment. LGBT Health 2024; 11:164-169. [PMID: 37815823 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The unique psychosocial experiences of nonbinary individuals across the lifespan are understudied compared with those of binary transgender individuals. This study examined the psychosocial stressors faced by nonbinary youth compared with their binary transgender counterparts at the time of gender-affirming hormone (GAH) readiness assessment. Methods: This study compared the psychosocial functioning of nonbinary youth with their binary transgender peers, ages 14-18, utilizing the Youth Self Report (YSR) at the time of GAH readiness assessment. Clinically relevant subscale scores of the YSR were analyzed. Results: Data from 479 binary and 55 nonbinary individuals were analyzed for this study. Analysis found that nonbinary youth reported substantially more psychosocial distress in the form of total problems (β = 2.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.15-5.56]), internalizing problems (β = 4.57, 95% CI [1.55-7.59]), depression (β = 4.52, 95% CI [1.70-7.33]), and self-harm (odds ratio 2.65, 95% CI [1.26-5.56]) than their binary transgender peers. Conclusion: Nonbinary youth experienced higher psychosocial distress compared with their binary transgender counterparts. Future research is needed to better understand the possible health disparities experienced by nonbinary people across their lifespan so that their psychosocial needs can be better met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleen R Williams
- Gender Multispecialty Service, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kerry McGregor
- Gender Multispecialty Service, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amalia Feld
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Boskey
- Division of Gynecology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhu J, Liu E, Feld A, Jonsdottir-Lewis E, Shirey A, Feldman HA, Astley CM, Chan YM. Approaches to Identify Factors Associated with Pubertal Timing in Self-Limited Delayed Puberty. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 96:267-277. [PMID: 36007499 PMCID: PMC9958281 DOI: 10.1159/000526590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with self-limited delayed puberty (DP) (constitutional delay) enter puberty after variable waiting times, and the factors associated with their eventual pubertal timing are not well understood. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 99 girls and 228 boys with self-limited DP at an academic medical center between 2000 and 2015. To define features and potential subtypes of self-limited DP, we performed group-based trajectory modeling on childhood growth and latent-variable factor analysis on clinical characteristics. We then conducted time-to-event analyses to identify associations with pubertal timing. RESULTS We identified two distinct growth trajectories in individuals with self-limited DP: one with stable and the other with declining height percentiles. Latent-variable factor analysis identified five factors underlying clinical variation that appear to correspond to genetic height potential, body mass index, childhood growth, parental pubertal delay, and medical issues (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and inhaled glucocorticoid use). We observed correlations between pubertal timing and bone age (p = 0.01), childhood height (p = 0.004), and midparental target height (p < 0.001), but not with parental pubertal delay or with testosterone treatment in boys. CONCLUSIONS By illustrating the heterogeneity within self-limited DP and identifying factors underlying this heterogeneity, our study suggests that there may be multiple causes of self-limited DP. However, our ability to determine when puberty will eventually occur remains limited. Dissecting self-limited DP into its component subtypes may inform future studies of the mechanisms contributing to pubertal delay as well as studies of the short- and long-term outcomes of self-limited DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Enju Liu
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amalia Feld
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexandria Shirey
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry A Feldman
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Astley
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Computational Epidemiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yee-Ming Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Jonsdottir-Lewis E, Feld A, Ciarlo R, Denhoff E, Feldman HA, Chan YM. Timing of Pubertal Onset in Girls and Boys With Constitutional Delay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3693-e3703. [PMID: 33890108 PMCID: PMC8372671 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The decision whether to treat a child with delayed puberty with sex steroids is primarily based on patient, family, and provider preference. Knowing when children with constitutional delay eventually enter puberty would inform this decision. OBJECTIVE, DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND OUTCOME MEASURES To estimate and compare rates of pubertal entry, we conducted a retrospective cohort study by reviewing medical records of children evaluated for delayed puberty at a large academic medical center between 2000 and 2015, extracting data on pubertal status for all clinical visits, then conducting time-to-event analyses. RESULTS Of 392 girls and 683 boys with delayed puberty, constitutional delay was the most common cause, found in 32% of girls and 70% of boys. In a subcohort of 97 girls and 243 boys who were prepubertal at one or more visits, we observed a broad age range for pubertal entry, up to >16 years for girls and >17 years for boys. The probability of entering puberty within the next year for 12- to 15.5-year-old girls and 13.5- to 16.5-year-old boys with delayed puberty ranged between 38% and 74%. No differences in the rates of pubertal entry were seen between girls and boys after data harmonization. CONCLUSION The broad range of ages at pubertal entry for children with constitutional delay challenges the concept that constitutional delay is merely an extreme of normal variation. Discussions with patients and families about management should consider the possibility that some children may need to wait years after presentation until puberty starts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfa Jonsdottir-Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amalia Feld
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan Ciarlo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erica Denhoff
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Henry A Feldman
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yee-Ming Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Chan YM, Feld A, Jonsdottir-Lewis E. Effects of the Timing of Sex-Steroid Exposure in Adolescence on Adult Health Outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4578-4586. [PMID: 31194243 PMCID: PMC6736212 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Variation in pubertal timing is associated with a wide range of adult risks and outcomes, but it is unclear whether these associations are causal, and it is largely unknown whether these associations can be modified by treatment. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted PubMed searches to identify Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on the influence of pubertal timing on adult health and studies on sex-steroid treatment of the following conditions associated with reduced reproductive endocrine function in adolescence: constitutional delay, Turner syndrome, and Klinefelter syndrome. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Results of MR studies suggest that earlier pubertal timing increases body mass index; increases risk for breast, ovarian, endometrial, and prostate cancers; elevates fasting glucose levels and blood pressure; impairs lung capacity and increases risk for asthma; leads to earlier sexual intercourse and first birth; decreases time spent in education; and increases depressive symptoms in adolescence. Later pubertal timing appears to lower bone mineral density (BMD). Although studies of constitutional delay have not shown that sex-steroid treatment alters adult height or BMD, studies of girls with Turner syndrome and boys with Klinefelter syndrome suggest that earlier initiation of sex-steroid treatment improves physical and neurocognitive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Despite having some limitations, MR studies suggest that pubertal timing causally influences many adult conditions and disease risks. Studies of Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome suggest that earlier sex-steroid exposure may have short- and long-term benefits. The mechanisms underlying these findings and the effects of trends and treatments affecting pubertal timing remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Ming Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Yee-Ming Chan, MD, PhD, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115. E-mail:
| | - Amalia Feld
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elfa Jonsdottir-Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Cabrera-Salcedo C, Hawkes CP, Tyzinski L, Andrew M, Labilloy G, Campos D, Feld A, Deodati A, Hwa V, Hirschhorn JN, Grimberg A, Dauber A. Targeted Searches of the Electronic Health Record and Genomics Identify an Etiology in Three Patients with Short Stature and High IGF-I Levels. Horm Res Paediatr 2019; 92:186-195. [PMID: 31865343 PMCID: PMC7173346 DOI: 10.1159/000504884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Short stature is one of the most common reasons for referral to a pediatric endocrinologist and can result from many etiologies. However, many patients with short stature do not receive a definitive diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether integrating targeted bioinformatics searches of electronic health records (EHRs) combined with genomic studies could identify patients with previously undiagnosed rare genetic etiologies of short stature. We focused on a specific rare phenotypic subgroup: patients with short stature and elevated IGF-I levels. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional cohort study at three large academic pediatric healthcare networks. Eligible subjects included children with heights below -2 SD, IGF-I levels >90th percentile, and no known etiology for short stature. We performed a search of the EHRs to identify eligible patients. Patients were then recruited for phenotyping followed by exome sequencing and in vitro assays of IGF1R function. RESULTS A total of 234 patients were identified by the bioinformatics algorithm with 39 deemed eligible after manual review (17%). Of those, 9 were successfully recruited. A genetic etiology was identified in 3 of the 9 patients including 2 novel variants in IGF1R and a de novo variant in CHD2. In vitro studies supported the pathogenicity of the IGF1R variants. CONCLUSIONS This study provides proof of principle that patients with rare phenotypic subgroups can be identified based on discrete data elements in the EHRs. Although limitations exist to fully automating this approach, these searches may help find patients with previously unidentified rare genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Cabrera-Salcedo
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Colin P. Hawkes
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leah Tyzinski
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Melissa Andrew
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,Division of Endocrinology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Guillaume Labilloy
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Diego Campos
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amalia Feld
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA,Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital-Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vivian Hwa
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adda Grimberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, .,Division of Endocrinology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, .,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA,
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Feld A, Maddick A, Laurent S. Safeguarding children in osteopathic practice part 2: Managing concerns about children. INT J OSTEOPATH MED 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijosm.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) balance was assessed in women with and without irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) using laboratory tests of function (ie, expiratory/inspiratory ratio, Valsalva, posture changes, and cold pressor) and spectral and nonspectral measures of heart rate variability (HRV). Women with (N = 103) and without IBS (N = 49) were recruited, interviewed, then completed a laboratory assessment and wore a 24-hr Holter monitor Analysis using the entire sample showed little difference between IBS and control women and between subgroups with IBS on either laboratory measures or 24-hr HRV measures. However, analysis restricted to those women with severe IBS symptoms showed quite pronounced differences between two IBS subgroups on 24-hr HRV measures. Parasympathetic tone was significantly lower and ANS balance was significantly higher in the constipation-predominant compared to the diarrhea-predominant group. Subgroups of women with IBS do differ in ANS function as measured by 24-hr HRV; however, these differences are only apparent among women with severe symptoms. These findings point out the importance of considering symptom severity when interpreting studies of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heitkemper
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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Abstract
The long-term health care costs of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were compared with those of patients without CHB. Patients with laboratory markers for CHB were identified from an HMO database and matched with up to four control patients (either not tested for hepatitis B infection or with negative test results). Cost data were collected retrospectively for both groups of patients for the period up to 30 days before identification of the first marker for hepatitis B (prediagnosis), 30 days before identification of the first marker through 180 days after the identification (peridiagnosis), and 181 days after identification through the end of the six-year study period. Costs were categorized as emergency room, inpatient, short-stay inpatient, laboratory, radiology, office visit, pharmacy, outside claim, or other and were analyzed as ratios of the costs of each patient with CHB to the median of the corresponding control patients. Eighty-eight patients were identified as having CHB; there were 342 control patients. In the seven months surrounding the appearance of their first diagnostic marker, the patients with CHB had costs 3.3 times those of the corresponding control patients and, after the first seven months, 2.9 times those of the control patients per month. Peridiagnosis costs in the categories of laboratory, radiology, office visits, and pharmacy were significantly higher for patients with CHB than for control patients. Except for emergency room costs, postdiagnosis costs per month of the patients with CHB were significantly higher than those of the corresponding control patients. Examination of an HMO database showed that, compared with patients without CHB, patients with CHB had significantly higher health care costs around and after the CHB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Metcalf
- Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-3398, USA.
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Watson P, Feld A. Factors in stress and burnout among paediatric nurses in a general hospital. Nurs Prax N Z 1996; 11:38-46. [PMID: 9155373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
High stress and staff turnover in a multispecialty paediatric area prompted this study that aimed to: 1) measure the burnout level of nurses in a multi-specialty paediatric area 2) identify and validate causes of stress 3) identify new ways of preventing stress on the ward. Fifty-four percent (n = 14) of the paediatric nurses completed a questionnaire booklet that included demographic data, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Nursing Situations Questionnaire, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-21, the Ways of Coping Checklist and open-ended questions about sources of stress and satisfaction at work. Results indicated levels of burnout and distress comparable with larger studies. Conflict with doctors was the major source of stress, followed by workload, inadequate preparation in dealing with the emotional needs of patients and their families and death and dying. Conflict with doctors has not previously been identified as the major source of stress. However, workload and death and dying are commonly identified as sources in the literature. Suggestions for further research and the low response rate are discussed.
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Feld A. Paediatric nursing. Nurs Prax N Z 1996; 11:2-3. [PMID: 9155366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
Allicin is shown to be a specific inhibitor of the acetyl-CoA synthetases from plants, yeast and mammals. The bacterial acetyl-CoA-forming system, consisting of acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase, was inhibited too. Non-specific interaction with sulfhydryl-groups could be excluded in experiments with dithioerythritol and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Binding of allicin to the enzyme is non-covalent and reversible. [14C]-Acetate incorporation into fatty acids of isolated plastids was inhibited by allicin with an I50-value lower than 10 microM. Other enzymes of the fatty acid synthesis sequence were not affected, as was shown using precursors other than acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Focke
- Botanisches Institut der Universität Karlsruhe, FRG
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Abstract
In order to explore the underlying dimensionality of beliefs about aging, two sets of opinion statements (one dealing with general attitudes toward aging and the other with programmatic issues) were factor analyzed for two age groups: persons under 60 (N = 290) and persons 60 and older (N = 181). For the first set of social-psychological belief statements, a common factor structure was found for the two age groups. For the second set of programmatic statements, there was some communality between age groups, but most of the items loading on the factors tended to be age-specific. The belief structure of the older group was generally more complex and variegated than was the case with the younger group. Except where the items were personal relevance, positive and negative items tended to load on separate, unipolar factors.
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