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Kim DW, Park JS, Sharma K, Velazquez A, Li L, Ostrominski JW, Tran T, Seitter Peréz RH, Shin JH. Qualitative evaluation of artificial intelligence-generated weight management diet plans. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1374834. [PMID: 38577160 PMCID: PMC10991711 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1374834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The transformative potential of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly via large language models, is increasingly being manifested in healthcare. Dietary interventions are foundational to weight management efforts, but whether AI techniques are presently capable of generating clinically applicable diet plans has not been evaluated. Objective Our study sought to evaluate the potential of personalized AI-generated weight-loss diet plans for clinical applications by employing a survey-based assessment conducted by experts in the fields of obesity medicine and clinical nutrition. Design setting and participants We utilized ChatGPT (4.0) to create weight-loss diet plans and selected two control diet plans from tertiary medical centers for comparison. Dietitians, physicians, and nurse practitioners specializing in obesity medicine or nutrition were invited to provide feedback on the AI-generated plans. Each plan was assessed blindly based on its effectiveness, balanced-ness, comprehensiveness, flexibility, and applicability. Personalized plans for hypothetical patients with specific health conditions were also evaluated. Main outcomes and measures The primary outcomes measured included the indistinguishability of the AI diet plan from human-created plans, and the potential of personalized AI-generated diet plans for real-world clinical applications. Results Of 95 participants, 67 completed the survey and were included in the final analysis. No significant differences were found among the three weight-loss diet plans in any evaluation category. Among the 14 experts who believed that they could identify the AI plan, only five did so correctly. In an evaluation involving 57 experts, the AI-generated personalized weight-loss diet plan was assessed, with scores above neutral for all evaluation variables. Several limitations, of the AI-generated plans were highlighted, including conflicting dietary considerations, lack of affordability, and insufficient specificity in recommendations, such as exact portion sizes. These limitations suggest that refining inputs could enhance the quality and applicability of AI-generated diet plans. Conclusion Despite certain limitations, our study highlights the potential of AI-generated diet plans for clinical applications. AI-generated dietary plans were frequently indistinguishable from diet plans widely used at major tertiary medical centers. Although further refinement and prospective studies are needed, these findings illustrate the potential of AI in advancing personalized weight-centric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Center for Weight Management and Wellness, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition & Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ji Seok Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition & Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amanda Velazquez
- Department of Medicine, Weight Management and Metabolic Health Center, Cedars Sinai Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition & Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John W. Ostrominski
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Center for Weight Management and Wellness, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tram Tran
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Center for Weight Management and Wellness, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition & Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert H. Seitter Peréz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition & Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeong-Hun Shin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition & Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Velazquez A, Kaplan LM. Comprehensive Treatment Approaches To Obesity. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2023; 52:xi-xii. [PMID: 37919027 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Velazquez
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Weight Management and Metabolic Health, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8635 West 3rd Street, #795W, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Lee M Kaplan
- The Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Velazquez A, Apovian CM. The Effects of Obesity on Health Care Delivery. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2023; 52:381-392. [PMID: 37197880 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The rates of obesity continue to rise among adults and children in the United States; hence, it is natural that obesity is reshaping health care delivery. This is seen in numerous ways, including physiologic, physical, social, and economic impacts. This article reviews a broad range of topics, from the effects of increased adiposity on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to the changes health care environments are making to accommodate patients with obesity. The significant social impacts of weight bias are reviewed, as are the economic consequences of the obesity epidemic. Finally, a patient case that demonstrates the effects of obesity on health care delivery is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Velazquez
- Department of Surgery, Center for Weight Management and Metabolic Health, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8635 West 3rd Street, West Tower, Suite 795, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Caroline M Apovian
- Center for Weight Management and Wellness, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, RFB 490, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Jimenez-Hernandez R, Velazquez A, Cortes CA. Perilous drug-induced proximal tubule injury leading to intensive care unit admission. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00498-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Velazquez A, Olazagasti C, Duma N. P59.09 Landscape of Targetable Genomic Alterations in Hispanic/Latinx Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Olazagasti C, Velazquez A, Ehrlich M, Kohn N, Seetharamu N. P61.05 Time to Loosen Up: Liberalizing Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines Might Save More Lives. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Velazquez A, Alvarez H, Kjelland M, Villaseñor F, Ariza G, Romo S. 72 Invitro embryo production using prepubertal calf oocytes with conventional semen and sexed semen ULTRA-4M. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv32n2ab72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invitro embryo production (IVP) can increase the reproductive potential and genetic quality of cattle, as well as other species. This powerful assisted reproduction tool can be used to produce embryos from prepubertal calves, reducing the generation interval. A recent sexed semen technology known as ULTRA (ST Genetics), completely modified the technique, the media and sperm concentration. In field trials with AI there was no difference between conventional semen (CONV) and ultra-sexed semen at a concentration of 4 million per straw (ULTRA-4M). The combined use of IVP and ULTRA-4M can decrease the selection time for improving dairy and beef cattle herd genetics. The objective of this research was to compare the CONV and ULTRA-4M semen using bovine IVP and prepubertal calves. The research was carried out in the reproduction laboratory of the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (FESC-UNAM). The IVP was performed with a continuous invitro culture (IVC) system. The ovaries were collected in Campeche, México, from Bos indicus×Bos taurus crossbred calves (6 months old) using surgical castration (for export to the United States) and transported to the laboratory (FESC-UNAM) in BO-HEPES-IVM (Bioscience™), in an oocyte transporter (WTA). Vitrogen media were used for IVF and IVC. For IVM, the cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were selected (only grades 1 and 2) and matured for 24h at 38.5°C. Matured oocytes (n=600, divided equally into five replicates) were divided into 2 groups, the CONV group and the ULTRA-4M group. The IVF process was conducted with CONV and ULTRA-4M semen from the same bull (Holstein) at a concentration of 2×106 and 0.5×106 spermatozoamL−1, respectively, for 18h in 38.5°C, 5% CO2, 95% air, and 100% humidity. The presumptive zygotes were denuded by pipetting and set in IVC until Day 7 at 38.5°C, 5% CO2, 5% O2, and 90% N2 at 100% humidity. The cleavage results were recorded 56h after the beginning of IVC. The cleavage rate, embryos with more than 6 cells, and blastocysts on Day 7 of culture were evaluated. The statistical analysis was carried out with the GLM procedure of the SAS software (version 9.3; SAS Institute Inc.) to evaluate the results of CONV vs. ULTRA-4M (α level=0.05). The percentage of cleavage for CONV was 46%±1.4 and 43.2%±1.4 for ULTRA-4M. The results for embryos with more than 6 cells in the CONV and ULTRA-4M groups were 16%±0.6 and 14%±0.6, respectively. The percentage of blastocysts on Day 7 for CONV was 9%±0.6 and 8%±0.6 for ULTRA-4M. There were no significant differences between groups (P>0.05) for all variables analysed. In conclusion, under the conditions of this research the ULTRA-4M and CONV produced similar results for IVP.
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Velazquez A, Robinson KJH, Frederick JL, Kushner RF. Development and outcomes of an immersive obesity summit workshop for medical resident and fellow education. Clin Obes 2019; 9:e12315. [PMID: 31231987 PMCID: PMC6771692 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Physicians need better training to manage patients with obesity. Our study capitalized on the intimate nature of an extracurricular obesity workshop, creating an interactive educational programme. We assessed the short- and long-term impact of the workshop on trainees' knowledge, competence and confidence in caring for patients with obesity in an outpatient setting. This is a cross-sectional study, involving regionally diverse mix of resident and fellow physicians. A live 2.5-day continuing medical education summit was held 11 to 13 March 2016. Obesity-related topics were reviewed using state-of-the art pedagogical techniques. Pre-/post-levels of knowledge, competence and clinical practice strategies were analysed. Sixty-three candidates interested in additional obesity medicine training were nominated by US residency and fellowship programme directors and selected to attend the summit. On average, learners experienced a 110% relative increase in knowledge and competence. The overall effect size was 0.95, with participants being ~54% more knowledgeable about the management of patients with obesity. All participants self-reported that this activity increased their knowledge about the subject matter, improving their performance in caring for patients when asked about their practice in a follow-up survey 6 months following the workshop. This immersive summit promoted robust gains in knowledge and confidence, ultimately translating to reported practice improvements at the individual and health system levels. Future research is warranted on the sustainability of gained skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Velazquez
- Bariatric Medicine and Internal MedicineSouthern California Kaiser Permanente, West Los Angeles Medical CenterLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Katie J. H. Robinson
- Office of Medical Affairs, Medical Research and Quality Outcomes, Vindico Medical EducationThorofareNew Jersey
| | | | - Robert F. Kushner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinois
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Kushner RF, Horn DB, Butsch WS, Brown JD, Duncan K, Fugate CS, Gorney C, Grunvald EL, Igel LI, Pasarica M, Pennings N, Soleymani T, Velazquez A. Development of Obesity Competencies for Medical Education: A Report from the Obesity Medicine Education Collaborative. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1063-1067. [PMID: 31231957 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity Medicine Education Collaborative (OMEC) was formed to develop obesity-focused competencies and benchmarks that can be used by undergraduate and graduate medical education program directors. This article describes the developmental process used to create the competencies. METHODS Fifteen professional organizations with an interest in obesity collaborated to form OMEC. Using the six Core Competencies of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education as domains and as a guiding framework, a total of 36 group members collaborated by in-person meetings, email exchange, and conference calls. An iterative process was used by each working subgroup to develop the competencies and assessment benchmarks. The initial work was subsequently externally reviewed by 19 professional organizations. RESULTS Thirty-two competencies were developed across the six domains. Each competency contains five descriptive measurement benchmarks for evaluator rating. CONCLUSIONS This set of OMEC obesity-focused competencies is the first evaluation tool developed to be used within undergraduate and graduate medical training programs for both formative and summative assessments. Routine and more robust assessment is expected to increase the competence of health care providers to assess, prevent, and treat obesity. In addition to dissemination, the competencies and benchmarks will need to undergo evaluation for further validity and practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Kushner
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deborah B Horn
- Center for Obesity Medicine and Metabolic Performance, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - W Scott Butsch
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua D Brown
- Weight Management Center, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Colony S Fugate
- Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Carol Gorney
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies and Services, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Eduardo L Grunvald
- Weight Management Program, University of California San Diego Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Leon I Igel
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center (West), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Magdalena Pasarica
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas Pennings
- Family Medicine, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Amanda Velazquez
- Southern California Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Thomas DD, Anderson WA, Apovian CM, Hess DT, Yu L, Velazquez A, Carmine B, Istfan NW. Weight Recidivism After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: An 11-Year Experience in a Multiethnic Medical Center. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:217-225. [PMID: 30421862 PMCID: PMC6345597 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight recidivism following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is common and is associated with recurrence of comorbidities. Studies with long-term follow-up of recidivism quantified by weight regain (WR) are lacking. A retrospective review of all RYGB at our center from 2004 to 2015 was performed to examine the effects of race and type 2 diabetes on WR following RYGB. METHODS Multivariable linear mixed models were used for the effects of time and race on weight, WR relative to nadir weight (WR/nadir), and WR relative to maximal weight loss, and Cox regressions were used for low, moderate, and high WR/nadir. RESULTS A total of 1,395 participants were identified. The sample was limited to African American (AA), Caucasian American (CA), and Hispanic American (HA) participants. The effects of time (P < 0.0001), race (P < 0.0001), and race × time interaction (P = 0.0008) on weight trajectory were significant. AA had significantly more WR than CA (P < 0.01). AA and HA had a higher hazard ratio for having low, moderate, and rapid WR/nadir. CONCLUSIONS Racial disparities after RYGB include WR and particularly affect AA. Understanding the etiologic factors that contribute to these disparities is important to optimize the long-term clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan D Thomas
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy A Anderson
- Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline M Apovian
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donald T Hess
- Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liqun Yu
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda Velazquez
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Southern California Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian Carmine
- Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nawfal W Istfan
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rodriguez C, Velazquez A, Tso A. P3.11-19 Improving Lung Cancer Screening Rates in an Underserved Outpatient Clinic. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Velazquez A, Apovian CM. Updates on obesity pharmacotherapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1411:106-119. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Velazquez
- Bariatric Medicine and Internal Medicine; Kaiser Permanente Medical Center; Los Angeles California
| | - Caroline M. Apovian
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
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Velazquez A, Apovian CM, Istfan NW. The Complexities of Iron Deficiency in Patients After Bariatric Surgery. Am J Med 2017; 130:e293-e294. [PMID: 28238687 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Velazquez
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Mass
| | - Caroline M Apovian
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Mass.
| | - Nawfal W Istfan
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Mass
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Abstract
Current management of obesity includes three main arms: behavioral modification, pharmacologic therapy, and bariatric surgery. Decades prior, the only pharmacological agents available to treat obesity were approved only for short-term use (≤12 weeks) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, in the last several years, the FDA has approved several medications for longer term treatment of obesity. This highlights the important progression that we, as a society, better appreciate now the chronicity and complexity of obesity as a disease. Also, availability of more medication options gives healthcare providers more possibilities to consider in the management of obesity. Medications for obesity can be simply categorized as FDA approved short-term use (diethylproprion, phendimetrazine, benzphetamine, and phentermine) and long-term use (orlistat, phentermine/topiramate ER, lorcaserin, naltrexone/bupropion ER and liraglutide). Additionally, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is commonly seen in patients with obesity and necessitates consideration of pharmacological options that do not hinder patients' weight loss. Finally, weight-centric prescribing is also an important component to pharmacological management of obesity. It warrants that healthcare providers thoroughly review their patients' medication lists to determine if any of these agents could be contributing to weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Velazquez
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Apovian
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA -
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Velazquez A, DeRyke CA, Goering R, Hoover V, Wallace MR. Daptomycin non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus at a US medical centre. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 19:1169-72. [PMID: 23480569 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Velazquez
- Infectious Disease, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
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Velazquez A, Iñiguez C, Santos S, Bellosta E, García C. Trigeminal neuralgia and multiple sclerosis: Quality of life, headache impairment and anxiety-depressive symptoms. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Watts L, Joseph N, Velazquez A, Gonzalez M, Munro E, Muzikansky A, Rauh-Hain JA, Del Carmen MG. Understanding barriers to cervical cancer screening among Hispanic women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 201:199.e1-8. [PMID: 19646571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated issues affecting Papanicolaou smear screening access, health services utilization, acculturation, social networking, and media venues most conducive to acquiring health information among Hispanics. STUDY DESIGN Self-identified Hispanics were surveyed. Participants were stratified based on age, time living in the United States, and Papanicolaou screening frequency. RESULTS Of 318 participants, Hispanics aged 30 years or older and living in the United States less than 5 years prefer speaking Spanish. Women with 5 or more lifetime Papanicolaou smears were 1.610 times more likely to have lived in the United States 5 or more years, 1.706 times more likely to speak a second language, and 1.712 times less likely to need a translator during their health care encounter. CONCLUSION Age and years living in the United States may be independent risk factors for participation in Papanicolaou screening programs. Social difficulties inherent to acculturation inform health behavior and translate to health disparity among Hispanics. Our results may help design federally funded and community-level programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Watts
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Téllez–Zenteno JF, García–Ramos G, Zermeño–Pöhls F, Velazquez A. Demographic, clinical and comorbidity data in a large sample of 1,147 patients with migraine in Mexico City. J Headache Pain 2005; 6:128-34. [PMID: 16355293 PMCID: PMC3451632 DOI: 10.1007/s10194-005-0167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2004] [Accepted: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a large sample of patients with migraine in Mexico City. This cross-sectional study was performed in two tertiary centers in Mexico City and affiliated hospitals. We evaluated the presence of migraine through a standardised interview according to the criteria of the International Headache Society. We studied 1,147 patients. The mean age was 37.1+/-13.6 (6-77) years. Nine hundred and twenty one patients were female (80%). The age of onset of migraine was 19.4+/-10.3 (1-69) years. Six hundred and four patients had migraine with aura (53%) and 543 without aura (47%). The female/male ratio was 4:1. One hundred and forty-seven patients had cardiovascular problems (13%), 72 had neurological problems (6%), 233 had gastrointestinal problems (20%) and 323 had psychiatric problems (28%). In this study we described the clinical characteristics of a large sample of patients with migraine in Mexico City. Our sample has similar characteristics to other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Téllez–Zenteno
- GGSM, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and
Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Sección XVI,
Delegación Tlalpan, México,
D.F. CP 14000, Mexico
| | - G. García–Ramos
- GGSM, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and
Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Sección XVI,
Delegación Tlalpan, México,
D.F. CP 14000, Mexico
| | - F. Zermeño–Pöhls
- Migraine Clinic, National Institute of Neurology and
Neurosurgery, Manuel Velázco Suarez, Mexico
| | - A. Velazquez
- Blood Bank, National Institute of Medical Sciences and
Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico
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Starnes WH, Wojciechowski BJ, Velazquez A, Benedikt GM. Molecular microstructure of the ethyl branch segments in poly(vinyl chloride). Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00040a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Starnes WH, Wojciechowski BJ, Velazquez A, Benedikt GM. Molecular microstructure of the ethyl branch segments in poly(vinyl chloride). [Erratum to document cited in CA117(4):27589v]. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00051a060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- A Velazquez
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville 32610-0284, USA
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Romero-Navarro G, Cabrera-Valladares G, German MS, Matschinsky FM, Velazquez A, Wang J, Fernandez-Mejia C. Biotin regulation of pancreatic glucokinase and insulin in primary cultured rat islets and in biotin-deficient rats. Endocrinology 1999; 140:4595-600. [PMID: 10499515 DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.10.7084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biotin has been reported to affect glucose homeostasis; however, its role on pancreatic islets of Langerhans has not been assessed. In this report, we demonstrate that physiologic concentrations of biotin stimulate glucokinase activity in rat islets in culture. Using the branched DNA (bDNA) assay, a sensitive signal amplification technique, we detected relative increases in glucokinase mRNA levels of 41.5 +/- 13% and 81.3 +/- 19% at 12 and 24 h respectively in islets treated with [10(-6) M] biotin. Because glucokinase activity controls insulin secretion, we also investigated the effect of biotin on insulin release. Treatment with [10(-6) M] biotin for 24 h increased insulin secretion. We extended our studies by analyzing the effect of biotin deficiency on pancreatic islet glucokinase expression and activity, as well as insulin secretion. Our results show that islet glucokinase activity and mRNA are reduced by 50% in the biotin deficient rat. Insulin secretion in response to glucose was also impaired in islets isolated from the deficient rat. These data show that biotin affects pancreatic islet glucokinase activity and expression and insulin secretion in cultured islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Romero-Navarro
- Nutritional Genetics Unit, Biomedical Research Institute, National University of Mexico, Mexico City
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23
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Bitko V, Velazquez A, Yang L, Yang YC, Barik S. Transcriptional induction of multiple cytokines by human respiratory syncytial virus requires activation of NF-kappa B and is inhibited by sodium salicylate and aspirin. Virology 1997; 232:369-78. [PMID: 9191851 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Infection of the lung epithelial cell line A549 by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) resulted in the elevated synthesis of multiple cellular cytokines, including a number of interleukins (ILs). Detailed studies of IL-11 induction revealed that it required infection by viable virus and involved a net increase in the steady state level of IL-11 mRNA. Nuclear run-on assays showed a direct effect of RSV on IL-11 gene transcription. Mutational analysis of the IL-11 promoter fused to a reporter luciferase gene demonstrated the requirement of a region 720 nucleotides upstream of the mRNA start site in the transcriptional induction of IL-11 by RSV. Two nearly identical 10-nucleotide-long sequences GGGGTCTCCC and GGGTCTCCCC in this region resembled the NF-kappa B consensus motif. Mutation of either sequence greatly reduced RSV-mediated induction of IL-11 promoter activity. NF-kappa B sites in IL-1 alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 promoters were also required for RSV-mediated induction of transcription of these promoters. Immunological studies and use of reporter gene constructs provided direct evidence for the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B by RSV. Sodium salicylate and aspirin, inhibitors of NF-kappa B activation, abolished transcriptional induction of all these cytokines by RSV. Together, these studies demonstrated an essential role of NF-kappa B in RSV-mediated transcription of multiple cytokines genes and suggested a possible use of salicylates in managing airway inflammation and viral pathogenesis during RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bitko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36688, USA
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24
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Yasuda J, Navarro JM, Malkhosyan S, Velazquez A, Arribas R, Sekiya T, Perucho M. Chromosomal assignment of human DNA fingerprint sequences by simultaneous hybridization to arbitrarily primed PCR products from human/rodent monochromosome cell hybrids. Genomics 1996; 34:1-8. [PMID: 8661018 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a technique for the simultaneous chromosomal assignment of multiple human DNA sequences from DNA fingerprints obtained by the arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR). Radioactively labeled human AP-PCR products are hybridized to DNA fingerprints generated with the same arbitrary primer from human/rodent monochromosome cell hybrids after electroblotting to a nylon membrane. Human-specific hybridization bands in the human/rodent fingerprints unambiguously determine their chromosome of origin. We named this method simultaneous hybridization of arbitrarily primed PCR DNA fingerprinting products (SHARP). Using this approach, we determined the chromosomal origins of most major bands of human AP-PCR fingerprints obtained with two arbitrary primers. Altogether, the chromosomal localization of near 50 DNA fragments, comprehensive of all human chromosomes except chromosomes 21 and Y, was achieved in this simple manner. Chromosome assignment of fingerprint bands is essential for molecular karyotyping of cancer by AP-PCR DNA fingerprinting. The SHARP method provides a convenient and powerful tool for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yasuda
- Oncogene Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji Chuo-ku, 104 Tokyo, 5-1-1, Japan
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25
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Alvarez-Salas LM, Velazquez A, Lopez-Bayghen E, Woodworth CD, Garrido E, Gariglio P, DiPaolo JA. Transcriptional repression in normal human keratinocytes by wild-type and mutant p53. Cancer Lett 1995; 91:85-92. [PMID: 7750099 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(95)03721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Wild-type p53 is a nuclear phosphoprotein that inhibits cell proliferation and represses transcriptionally most TATA box-containing promoters in transformed or tumor-derived cell lines. This study demonstrates that p53 alters transcription of the long control region (LCR) of human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18). Wild-type and mutant p53 143Val to Ala repressed the HPV-18 LCR promoter in normal human keratinocytes, the natural host cell for HPV infections. Repression by wild-type p53 was also observed in C-33A cells and in an HPV-16-immortalized cell line with an inducible wild-type p53. However, when C-33A cells were cotransfected with the HPV-18 LCR and mutant 143Val to Ala, repression did not occur. Mutant p53 135Cys to Ser did not induce repression in either normal human keratinocytes or in the C-33A line; although like 143Val to Ala, it is thought to affect the DNA binding activity of the wild-type protein. The ability of mutant p53 143Val to Ala to inactivate the HPV early promoter in normal cells (by approximately 60% reduction) suggests that this mutant may be able to associate with wild-type p53 and interact with TATA box-binding proteins. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the transcriptional activities of p53 mutants may be dependent upon the cell type assayed and the form of its endogenous p53. Furthermore, normal human keratinocytes represent an alternative model for determining the activities of p53 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Alvarez-Salas
- Laboratory of Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA
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Christiani DC, Velazquez A, Wilcox M, Olenchock SA. Airborne endotoxin concentrations in various work areas within a cotton mill in Central America. Environ Res 1993; 60:187-192. [PMID: 8472648 DOI: 10.1006/enrs.1993.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria and their endotoxins have been shown to cause profound changes in the structure and function of mammalian lungs. Airborne exposures in humans have resulted in bronchoconstriction and symptoms of chest tightness and dyspnea. Cotton dust is often heavily contaminated and endotoxin has been postulated to be the agent in cotton dust which is responsible for the byssinosis syndrome. Previous studies of cotton dust have revealed variable amounts of contamination by bacterial endotoxin, with the variability determined in large part by botanical and climatic characteristics. We report here the results of an environmental study conducted in a cotton mill located in the tropics of Central America using locally grown cotton. Results indicate that airborne endotoxin was present in all yarn preparation and weaving areas and ranged from a low of 18 EU/m3 in weaving to a high of 3138 EU/m3 in opening areas. Airborne levels and the amount of endotoxin per nanogram of dust were not higher than values obtained in temperate climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health (Occupational Health Program), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Peinado MA, Malkhosyan S, Velazquez A, Perucho M. Isolation and characterization of allelic losses and gains in colorectal tumors by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:10065-9. [PMID: 1359533 PMCID: PMC50278 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.21.10065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) [Welsh, J. & McClelland, M. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 7213-7218] has been used to detect somatic genetic alterations in tumors of the colon and rectum. DNA fingerprints generated by single arbitrary primers were compared between normal and tumor tissue of the same individuals. AP-PCR bands showing decreased and increased intensities in tumor tissue DNA, relative to normal, have been cloned after reamplification with the same arbitrary primer. Standard restriction fragment length polymorphism and Southern blot analyses show that these DNA sequences have undergone allelic losses and gains, respectively, in the tumor cell genome. The deleted sequences have been assigned to the short arm of chromosome 17 by PCR of somatic hamster/human cell hybrids and linkage analysis. These results show the ability of the AP-PCR to detect and isolate, in a single step, DNA sequences representing two of the genetic alterations that underlie the aneuploidy of cancer cells: losses of heterozygosity and chromosomal gains. Altogether, they also show the quantitative nature of the amplification levels obtained in vitro by AP-PCR, which thus provides the basis for an alternative molecular approach to cancer cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Peinado
- California Institute of Biological Research, La Jolla 92037
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Patel K, Velazquez A, Calderon HS, Brown GR. Studies of the solid-state thermal degradation of PVC. I. Autocatalysis by hydrogen chloride. J Appl Polym Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/app.1992.070460117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
A genetic screen has been developed in Drosophila for identifying host-repair genes responsible for processing DNA lesions formed during mobilization of P transposable elements. Application of that approach to repair deficient mutants has revealed that the mei-41 and mus302 genes are necessary for recovery of P-bearing chromosomes undergoing transposition. Both of these genes are required for normal postreplication repair. Mutants deficient in excision repair, on the other hand, have no detected effect on the repair of transposition-induced lesions. These observations suggest that P element-induced lesions are repaired by a postreplication pathway of DNA repair. The data further support recent studies implicating double-strand DNA breaks as intermediates in P transposition, because the mei-41 gene has been genetically and cytologically associated with the repair of interrupted chromosomes. Analysis of this system has also revealed a striking stimulation of site-specific gene conversion and recombination by P transposition. This result strongly suggests that postreplication repair in this model eukaryote operates through a conversion/recombination mechanism. Our results also support a recently developed model for a conversion-like mechanism of P transposition (Engels et al., 1990). Involvement of the mei-41 and mus302 genes in the repair of P element-induced double-strand breaks and postreplication repair points to a commonality in the mechanisms of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Banga
- Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis 95616
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Abstract
Endogenous serotonin (5-HT) content in cerebellar slices and in the incubation medium was measured before and after depolarizing stimulus with high-K+ concentration in the medium. Small amount of 5-HT was spontaneously released from tissue slices incubated in low-K+ and Ca2+-free medium. A significant increase of endogenous 5-HT release was obtained after depolarizing stimulus with high-K+ plus Ca2+ in the medium. It is suggested that the endogenous 5-HT release in cerebellum induced by depolarizing stimuli is a Ca2+-dependent phenomenon.
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Beas-Zárate C, Arauz-Contreras J, Velazquez A, Feria-Velasco A. Monosodium L-glutamate-induced convulsions--II. Changes in catecholamine concentrations in various brain areas of adult rats. Gen Pharmacol 1985; 16:489-93. [PMID: 4054574 DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(85)90009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels in various brain regions were measured in a model of experimentally produced convulsions by monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) administration to adult rats. Stress by injection of all solutions produced a 60% decrease in NE level in forebrain, recovering its basal value at 15 min after injection. A significant reduction of brain NE and DA levels of MSG-injected animals was found in the preconvulsive stage, particularly in the forebrain. No significant variations in catecholamine levels were seen in brain stem and cerebellum as a result of MSG injection. It is suggested that the changes found in endogenous catecholamine concentration in the forebrain may play a physiological role in the mechanisms of production of convulsions in the MSG model.
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Oizumi J, Ng WG, Koch R, Shaw KN, Sweetman L, Velazquez A, Donnell GN. Partial ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency associated with recurrent hyperammonemia, lethargy and depressed sensorium. Clin Genet 1984; 25:538-42. [PMID: 6733950 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1984.tb00498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A 6-year-old boy presented with recurrent coma associated with hyperammonemia and infection is reported. A liver biopsy revealed decreased ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activity (16% of normal). The enzymatic abnormality in the child is supported by the finding of elevated orotic acid excretion in his mother following a protein load, compatible with an X-linked pattern of inheritance. Since initiation of a dietary arginine supplement, the child has not had recurrent episodes of hyperammonemia.
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Jonas AJ, Schulman JD, Matalon R, Velazquez A, Brewer ED, Chen H, Boyer MG, Brandwein E, Arbus GS, Morris CR, Schneider JA. Cystinosis in non-caucasian children. Johns Hopkins Med J 1982; 151:117-21. [PMID: 7109419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
The amino acid and protein composition of human follicular fluid, obtained during surgery from women with polycystic ovaries, and of a simultaneously obtained sample of blood plasma were studied. In general, amino acid concentrations were higher in follicular fluid than in blood plasma: only the concentration of Cys was significantly lower in follicular fluid than in plasma, while Asp, Thr, Glu, Glu-NH2, Gly, Ala, and Met showed concentrations that were not significantly different in either biologic fluid. The concentration of basic amino acids, taken as group, was almost twice as high in follicular fluid as in plasma. The total protein concentration in follicular fluid was not significantly different from that in blood plasma. However, the follicular fluid albumin concentration was higher and globulin concentration lower than the respective concentrations in plasma. Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis of follicular fluid showed some consistent differences, particularly in the alpha-globulin region, with the pattern observed in blood plasma. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible role of follicular fluid in capacitation and egg segmentation.
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Rosado A, Gallegos Vargas G, Bernal A, Velazquez A, Zuñiga A. [Application of clinical biochemistry to the diagnosis of cancer]. Prensa Med Mex 1970; 35:130-8. [PMID: 5282601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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