1
|
Cotter CJ, Ferradas C, Ludwig S, Dalton K, Larsen J, Laucks D, Iverson SA, Baron P, Tolomeo PC, Brazil AM, Ferguson JM, Lautenbach E, Rankin SC, Morris DO, Davis MF. Risk factors for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in MRSA-exposed household pets. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:22-27. [PMID: 36331035 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Household pets can carry meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) introduced to the home by their human companions. Specific factors promoting pet carriage of this pathogen have not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated MRSA cultured from pets and the home environment in households where a human infected with MRSA had been identified, and aimed to determine potential risk factors for pet MRSA carriage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Humans diagnosed with community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) skin or soft-tissue infection (SSTI) in the mid-Atlantic United States were identified. One hundred forty-two dogs and cats from 57 affected households were identified of which 134 (94.4%) pets and the household environment were sampled for bacterial culture, PCR confirmation and spa-typing for MRSA strain determination. Samples were obtained 3 months later from 86 pets. RESULTS At baseline, 12 (9.0%) pets carried MRSA. Potential risk factors associated with carriage included pet bed (environmental) MRSA contamination, flea infestation and prior antimicrobial use in the pet. Pets tended to carry human-adapted MRSA strains and spa-types of MRSA isolates cultured from pets were concordant with strains cultured from the home environment in seven of eight homes (87.5%) at baseline. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results may inform risk-based veterinary clinical recommendations and provide evidence for selective pet testing as a possible alternative to early removal of pets from the homes of humans infected with MRSA. MRSA contamination of the home environment is likely an important risk factor for pet MRSA carriage, and household interventions should be considered to reduce risk of MRSA carriage in exposed pets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin J Cotter
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cusi Ferradas
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, Peru
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, Peru
| | - Shanna Ludwig
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn Dalton
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesper Larsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Laucks
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sally Ann Iverson
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick Baron
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Health and Human Values, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pam C Tolomeo
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy M Brazil
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Ferguson
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ebbing Lautenbach
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shelley C Rankin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel O Morris
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghan F Davis
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ferradas C, Cotter C, Shahbazian JH, Iverson SA, Baron P, Misic AM, Brazil AM, Rankin SC, Nachamkin I, Ferguson JM, Peng RD, Bilker WB, Lautenbach E, Morris DO, Lescano AG, Davis MF. Risk factors for antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus isolated from pets living with a patient diagnosed with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 69:550-559. [PMID: 35420715 PMCID: PMC9543542 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that pets play a critical role in the maintenance of methicillin-resistant (MR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus spp. in the household. We examined risk factors for carriage of antimicrobial-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci, with particular attention to Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from pets living in households of people diagnosed with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) skin or soft-tissue infection. We analyzed data collected cross-sectionally from a study conducted in 2012 that evaluated the transmission of MRSA and other staphylococci from humans, their pets and the environment (Pets and Environmental Transmission of Staphylococci [PETS] study). We used unadjusted and adjusted stratified logistic regression analyses with household-clustered standard errors to evaluate the association between demographic, healthcare-related, contact-related and environmental risk factors and MDR Staphylococcus spp. isolated from dogs and cats. Staphylococcal isolates obtained from dogs (n = 63) and cats (n = 47) were included in these analyses. The use of oral or injectable antimicrobials by the pets during the prior year was the main risk factor of interest. Based on our results, 50% (12/24) of S. aureus, 3.3% (1/30) of S. pseudintermedius and 25% (14/56) of other coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) were determined to be MDR. S. aureus isolates were more likely to be MDR compared with S. pseudintermedius. We did not find a significant statistical association between the use of oral or injectable antimicrobials in the prior year and the presence of MDR bacteria. The results suggest that drivers of antimicrobial resistance in household staphylococci may vary by bacterial species, which could have implications for one health intervention strategies for staphylococci and inform the investigation of other reverse zoonoses, such as COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cusi Ferradas
- Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research UnitSchool of Public Health and AdministrationUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH)San Martin de PorresPeru,School of Veterinary MedicineUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH)San Martin de PorresPeru
| | - Caitlin Cotter
- Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Sally Ann Iverson
- Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Patrick Baron
- Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Department of Health and Human ValuesDavidson CollegeDavidsonNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ana M. Misic
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amy M. Brazil
- Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Shelley C. Rankin
- School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Irving Nachamkin
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Roger D. Peng
- Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Warren B. Bilker
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ebbing Lautenbach
- Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Daniel O. Morris
- School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Andrés G. Lescano
- Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA,Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research UnitSchool of Public Health and AdministrationUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH)San Martin de PorresPeru
| | - Meghan F. Davis
- Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Davis MF, Cain CL, Brazil AM, Rankin SC. Two coagulase-negative staphylococci emerging as potential zoonotic pathogens: wolves in sheep's clothing? Front Microbiol 2013; 4:123. [PMID: 23720657 PMCID: PMC3654208 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan F Davis
- Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Crews WD, Jefferson AL, Broshek DK, Rhodes RD, Williamson J, Brazil AM, Barth JT, Robbins MK. Neuropsychological dysfunction in patients with end-stage pulmonary disease: lung transplant evaluation. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2003; 18:353-62. [PMID: 14591451 PMCID: PMC3219058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a relative absence of studies that have examined the neuropsychological profiles of potential lung transplant candidates. Neuropsychological data are presented for 134 patients with end-stage pulmonary disease who were being evaluated as potential candidates for lung transplantation. Neuropsychological test results indicated that a significantly greater proportion of the patients exhibited impaired performances on a number of Selective Reminding Test (SRT) tasks as compared to the expected population frequency distributions for these measures. The highest frequencies of impairment were observed on the SRT's Immediate Free Recall (46.43%), Long-term Retrieval (41.67%), and Consistent Long-term Retrieval (51.19%) variables. On the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)/Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A), patients' mean clinical profile revealed elevations on Scales 1 (Hypochondriasis) and 3 (Conversion Hysteria). This profile indicated that they were experiencing an array of symptomatology ranging from somatic complaints to lethargy and fatigue, and that they may have been functioning at a reduced level of efficiency. Findings are discussed in light of patients' end-stage pulmonary disease and factors possibly contributing to their neuropsychological test performances. Implications for clinical practice and future research are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W David Crews
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|