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Estevan I, De Meester A, Barnett LM. Advancing the understanding in the association between actual/perceived motor competence and health-related factors among children and adolescents. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 67:102420. [PMID: 37665873 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Estevan
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Valencia, Avenida dels Tarongers, 4, Valencia, 46022, Spain.
| | - An De Meester
- Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Blatt PE Center, 1300 Wheat Street, Office 218N, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Locked Bag, 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
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Menescardi C, De Meester A, Álvarez O, Castillo I, Haerens L, Estevan I. The mediational role of motivation in the model of motor development in childhood: A longitudinal study. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 66:102398. [PMID: 37665860 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was twofold: first, to examine the stability of the hypothesized conceptual model of motor development (without and with including various types of motivation) when children are followed up one-year later, and second to examine longitudinally whether changes in one model variable predict changes in other variables, according to the hypothesized pathways in the model. A sample of 361 Spanish students (50.7% girls, 8-11 years old) voluntarily participated in this study. In relation to the first aim, structural equation modeling revealed the expected positive relationship between the model variables in both measurement times. That is: actual motor competence (MC) predicted physical activity (PA) (p < .001), perceived MC mediated the relationship between actual MC and PA (p < .001), and autonomous motivation mediated the relationship between perceived MC and PA (p < .05). Moreover, the comparison of the invariance analysis showed non-practical differences between the unconstrained model and the constrained model, supporting the stability of the model over time. In relation to the second aim, the hypothesized model in Time 2 controlling for Time 1 values showed that changes in children's actual MC positively predicted changes in their perceived MC (p < .001), which in turn, predicted changes in their autonomous motivation (p < .001), and PA (p < .001) at Time 2. Based on these findings Physical Education teachers are recommended to foster children's actual and perceived MC as well as their autonomous motivation over time in order to promote PA strategies for lifelong health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Menescardi
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion (AFIPS) Research Group, Valencia, Spain; University of Valencia, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, Valencia, Spain.
| | - An De Meester
- University of South Carolina, Department of Physical Education, Columbia, USA; Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Octavio Álvarez
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion (AFIPS) Research Group, Valencia, Spain; University of Valencia, Department of Social Psychology, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Castillo
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion (AFIPS) Research Group, Valencia, Spain; University of Valencia, Department of Social Psychology, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leen Haerens
- Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isaac Estevan
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion (AFIPS) Research Group, Valencia, Spain; University of Valencia, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, Valencia, Spain
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Hulteen RM, Terlizzi B, Abrams TC, Sacko RS, De Meester A, Pesce C, Stodden DF. Reinvest to Assess: Advancing Approaches to Motor Competence Measurement Across the Lifespan. Sports Med 2023; 53:33-50. [PMID: 35997861 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of motor competence is a vital process to advancing knowledge in the field of motor development. As motor competence is being more widely linked to research in other academic domains (e.g., public health, neuroscience, behavioral health), it is imperative that measurement methodology and protocols are reproducible with high degrees of validity and reliability. When addressing the plethora of available assessments, mostly developed for youth populations, there are potential questions and concerns that need to be addressed and/or clarified. One of the most prominent issues is the lack of a lifespan measure of motor competence, which is at odds with the premise of the field of motor development-studying changes in motor behavior across the lifespan. We address six areas of concern in lifespan assessment which include: (1) lack of assessment feasibility for conducting research with large samples, (2) lack of accountability for cultural significance of skills assessed, (3) limited sensitivity and discriminatory capabilities of assessments, (4) developmental and ecological validity limitations, (5) a problematic definition of 'success' in skill performance, and (6) task complexity and adaptability limitations. It is important to critically analyze current assessment methodologies as it will help us to envision the development and application of potential new assessments through a more comprehensive lens. Ultimately, we propose that reinvesting in how we think about assessment will be highly beneficial for integrating motor development from a holistic perspective, impact scientific advancements in other developmental domains, and increase global and lifespan surveillance of motor competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Hulteen
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, 2229 Pleasant Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70809, USA.
| | - Bryan Terlizzi
- College of Education, University of South Carolina, 1300 Wheat Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - T Cade Abrams
- College of Education, University of South Carolina, 1300 Wheat Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ryan S Sacko
- Department of Health and Human Performance, The Citadel, 171 Moultrie Street, Charleston, SC, 29409, USA
| | - An De Meester
- College of Education, University of South Carolina, 1300 Wheat Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Caterina Pesce
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - David F Stodden
- College of Education, University of South Carolina, 1300 Wheat Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Cade Abrams T, Terlizzi BM, De Meester A, Sacko RS, Megan Irwin J, Luz C, Rodrigues LP, Cordovil R, Lopes VP, Schneider K, Stodden DF. Potential Relevance of a Motor Skill “Proficiency Barrier” on Health-Related Fitness in Youth. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36437559 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2153300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential impact of a motor skill proficiency barrier on measures of cardiorespiratory (CRF) and musculoskeletal (MSF) fitness in youth. A sample of 241 youth (114 girls) aged 10 - 18 years, completed the Motor Competence Assessment battery with composite scores indexed according to age- and gender-adjusted percentile scores. Motor competence (MC) levels were categorized as low (≤ 25%tile - proficiency barrier), moderate (≥ 26%tile to < 75%tile), and high (≥ 75%tile). CRF levels (Health Risk, Needs Improvement, and Healthy) were assessed using the Fitnessgram® 20 m PACER test. Low (≤ 20%tile), moderate (≥ 21%tile to ≤ 80%tile), and high (≥ 80%tile) MSF levels were assessed using grip strength normative data. Two 3 × 3 chi-square tests were conducted to determine the probability of MC level predicting CRF and MSF levels. Results demonstrated statistically significant models for performance on both the PACER (χ2[4, N = 241] = 22.65, p < .001) and grip strength (χ2[4, N = 241] = 23.95, p < .001). Strong evidence of a proficiency barrier impacting CRF was noted, as no low skilled youth met the "Healthy" fitness zone standards for PACER performance. Evidence supporting a barrier with grip strength was not as strong, as 20.8% of youth exhibiting low MC displayed high grip strength. However, all individuals with high levels of MC demonstrated at least moderate grip strength. Results emphasize the importance of developing MC during childhood as it may provide a protective effect against unhealthy CRF and MSF across youth.HighlightsThese data support the notion of Seefeldt's (1980) proficiency barrier as it relates to CRF, as no youth demonstrating low MC met the healthy fitness zone criteria for PACER performance. The development of MC may both directly and indirectly provide a protective effect against unhealthy CRF levels across childhood and adolescence.Evidence supporting a proficiency barrier with MSF as measured by grip strength was not as strong; however, all individuals with high levels of MC demonstrated at least moderate grip strength. Thus, the development of MC may be a protective factor to mitigate low levels of MSF via enhanced neuromuscular function.Promoting the development of MC in a variety of developmentally appropriate activities and settings (e.g. MC skills practice, structured and unstructured play, and performance contexts) is important to promote positive trajectories of CRF and MSF across childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Cade Abrams
- Human Performance and Development Lab, Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan M. Terlizzi
- Human Performance and Development Lab, Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - An De Meester
- Human Performance and Development Lab, Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan S. Sacko
- Department of Health and Human Performance, The Citadel, South Carolina, USA
| | - J. Megan Irwin
- Department of Health and Human Performance, The College of Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Carlos Luz
- Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1549-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Paulo Rodrigues
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, (CIDESD), Portugal
| | - Rita Cordovil
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada – Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Vítor P. Lopes
- Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-223 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development, (CIDESD), Portugal
| | - Kirsten Schneider
- Human Performance and Development Lab, Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - David F. Stodden
- Human Performance and Development Lab, Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Brian A, Starrett A, Haibach-Beach P, De Meester A, Taunton Miedema S, Pennell A, Lieberman LJ. Perceived Motor Competence Mediates the Relationship Between Gross Motor Skills and Physical Activity in Youth With Visual Impairments. Res Q Exerc Sport 2022; 93:310-317. [PMID: 33190627 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1831688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Children with visual impairments typically demonstrate lower levels of motor competence, physical activity, and perceived motor competence compared to their peers without visual impairments. Stodden and colleagues purport that perceived motor competence mediates the relationship between motor competence and physical activity for youth without visual impairments. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test whether perceived motor competence mediates the relationship between motor competence and physical activity for youth with visual impairments. Methods: Participants (N = 138; boys = 81, girls = 57) were age 9-18 years (Mage = 13.37, SD = 2.34) with visual impairments. Participants completed the Test of Gross Motor Development-3, the Test of Perceived Physical Competence-VI, and the Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: Locomotor skills predicted perceived motor competence, which predicted physical activity. Perceived motor competence showed a mediation effect on the path from locomotor skills to physical activity. There was no significant relationship between locomotor skills and physical activity. Conclusion: The results from this study provide initial evidence to support the hypothesis proposed by Stodden and colleagues. These data provide a rationale to include both perceived and actual motor competence within targeted intervention strategies to increase physical activity behaviors for youth with visual impairments. Future research should consider following participants longitudinally to test the roles of perceived and actual motor competence as factors supporting positive developmental trajectories for health.
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Cordovil R, Mercê C, Branco M, Lopes F, Catela D, Hasanen E, Laukkanen A, Tortella P, Fumagalli G, Sá C, Jidovtseff B, Zeuwts L, De Meester A, Bardid F, Fujikawa R, Veldman S, Zlatar S, Estevan I. Learning to Cycle: A Cross-Cultural and Cross-Generational Comparison. Front Public Health 2022; 10:861390. [PMID: 35570950 PMCID: PMC9096157 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.861390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Learning to cycle is an important milestone for children, but the popularity of cycling and the environmental factors that promote the development and practice of this foundational movement skill vary among cultures and across time. This present study aimed to investigate if country of residence and the generation in which a person was born influence the age at which people learn to cycle. Methods Data were collected through an online survey between November 2019 and December 2020. For this study, a total of 9,589 responses were obtained for adults (self-report) and children (parental report) living in 10 countries (Portugal, Italy, Brazil, Finland, Spain, Belgium, United Kingdom, Mexico, Croatia, and the Netherlands). Participants were grouped according to their year of birth with 20-year periods approximately corresponding to 3 generations: 1960-79 (generation X; n = 2,214); 1980-99 (generation Y; n = 3,994); 2000-2019 (generation Z; n = 3,381). Results A two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of country, F (9,8628) = 90.17, p < 0.001, η p 2 = 0.086, and generation, F (2,8628) = 47.21, p < 0.001, η p 2 = 0.122, on the age at which individuals learn to cycle. Countries with the lowest learning age were the Netherlands, Finland and Belgium and countries with the highest learning age were Brazil and Mexico. Furthermore, the age at which one learns to cycle has decreased across generations. There was also a significant country x generation interaction effect on learning age, F (18,8628) = 2.90, p < 0.001; however, this effect was negligible ( η p 2 = 0.006). Conclusions These findings support the socio-ecological perspective that learning to cycle is a process affected by both proximal and distal influences, including individual, environment and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cordovil
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Mercê
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Atividade Física e Saúde, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Marco Branco
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Atividade Física e Saúde, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Frederico Lopes
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Catela
- Centro de Investigação em Qualidade de Vida, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Elina Hasanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arto Laukkanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Patrizia Tortella
- Department of Art, Music and Movement, Faculty of Education, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Guido Fumagalli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Center for Research on Motor Development in Infancy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Sá
- Departamento de Ciências Do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Boris Jidovtseff
- Research Unit for a Life-Course Perspective on Health and Education, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Linus Zeuwts
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An De Meester
- Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Farid Bardid
- School of Education, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo Fujikawa
- Real Centro Universitario Escorial Maria Cristina, Madrid College of Chiropractic, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sanne Veldman
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Health Behaviour and Chronic Diseases and Methodology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Isaac Estevan
- AFIPS Research Group, RIIDASS Network, Department of Teaching of Music, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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De Meester A, Wazir MRWN, Lenoir M, Bardid F. Profiles of Physical Fitness and Fitness Enjoyment Among Children: Associations With Sports Participation. Res Q Exerc Sport 2022; 93:26-35. [PMID: 32903170 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1788700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study examined whether groups of children with different physical fitness and fitness enjoyment profiles could be identified and, if so, whether the different groups varied from one another in terms of organized sports participation. Method: Five hundred and fifty-eight 8-11-year-olds (56.99% boys) participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical fitness and fitness enjoyment were assessed with seven items from a standardized test battery and a pictorial scale containing pictures referring to the enjoyment in those seven physical fitness tests, respectively. To examine whether groups with different fitness and enjoyment profiles could be identified, we conducted cluster analyses based on children's standardized physical fitness and fitness enjoyment scores. A two-way ANCOVA (sex*cluster) was conducted to investigate differences in weekly organized sports participation among each of the identified groups while controlling for age. Results: Cluster analyses revealed two groups with aligned levels of physical fitness and fitness enjoyment (i.e., relatively low-low and relatively high-high) and two groups with unaligned levels (i.e., relatively low-moderate and relatively high-moderate), respectively. Both groups with relatively high fitness scores were found to spend significantly more time in organized sports (M = 2.01 h and 2.29 h, respectively) than the two groups with relatively low fitness scores (M = 1.08 h and 0.98 h, respectively), irrespective of their enjoyment levels. Conclusion: Increasing physical fitness levels (especially among those children with suboptimal enjoyment levels) may lead to increased organized sports participation, while increased organized sports participation in its turn may lead to higher fitness levels. As such, participation in sports programs should be promoted in children of all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- An De Meester
- University of South Carolina
- Ghent University
- The Policy Research Centre on Sports, funded by the Flemish Government
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Mohammadi Orangi B, Lenoir M, Yaali R, Ghorbanzadeh B, O’Brien-Smith J, Galle J, De Meester A. Emotional intelligence and motor competence in children, adolescents, and young adults. European Journal of Developmental Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2022.2034614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Mohammadi Orangi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matthieu Lenoir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Rasoul Yaali
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Ghorbanzadeh
- Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jade O’Brien-Smith
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Julie Galle
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - An De Meester
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, University of South Carolina, SC, USA
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Degroote L, Plaete J, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Verloigne M, Van Stappen V, De Meester A, Poppe L, Van der Mispel C, Crombez G. The Effect of the eHealth Intervention 'MyPlan 1.0' on Physical Activity in Adults Who Visit General Practice: A Quasi-Experimental Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E228. [PMID: 29385770 PMCID: PMC5858297 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is one of the major risk factors for poor health in the world. Therefore, effective interventions that promote physical activity are needed. Hence, we developed an eHealth intervention for adults, i.e., 'MyPlan 1.0', which includes self-regulation techniques for behaviour change. This study examined the effect of 'MyPlan 1.0' on physical activity (PA) levels in general practice. 615 adults (≥18 years) were recruited in 19 Flemish general practices, for the intervention group (n = 328) or for the wait-list control group (n = 183). Participants in the intervention group received the web-based intervention 'MyPlan 1.0' and were prompted to discuss their personal advice/action plan with their general practitioner. Participants in the wait-list control group only received general advice from the website. Self-reported physical activity was assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) at baseline and after one month. A three-level (general practice, adults, time) regression analysis was conducted in MLwiN. Significant intervention effects were found for total PA and moderate to vigorous PA with an increase for the intervention group compared to a decrease in the control condition. However, there was a high dropout rate in the intervention group (76%) and the wait-list control group (57%). Our self-regulation intervention was effective in increasing physical activity levels in adults. Future studies should consider strategies to prevent the large dropout from participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Degroote
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.V.); (V.V.S.); (A.D.M.); (L.P.); (C.V.d.M.)
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Jolien Plaete
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.V.); (V.V.S.); (A.D.M.); (L.P.); (C.V.d.M.)
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.V.); (V.V.S.); (A.D.M.); (L.P.); (C.V.d.M.)
| | - Maïté Verloigne
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.V.); (V.V.S.); (A.D.M.); (L.P.); (C.V.d.M.)
| | - Vicky Van Stappen
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.V.); (V.V.S.); (A.D.M.); (L.P.); (C.V.d.M.)
| | - An De Meester
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.V.); (V.V.S.); (A.D.M.); (L.P.); (C.V.d.M.)
| | - Louise Poppe
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.V.); (V.V.S.); (A.D.M.); (L.P.); (C.V.d.M.)
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Celien Van der Mispel
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (J.P.); (I.D.B.); (M.V.); (V.V.S.); (A.D.M.); (L.P.); (C.V.d.M.)
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Geert Crombez
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
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Luz C, Rodrigues LP, Meester AD, Cordovil R. The relationship between motor competence and health-related fitness in children and adolescents. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179993. [PMID: 28658292 PMCID: PMC5489188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims In the last twenty years, there has been increasing evidence that Motor Competence (MC) is vital for developing an active and healthy lifestyle. This study analyses the associations between motor competence and its components, with health-related fitness (HRF). Methods A random sample of 546 children (278 males, mean = 10.77 years) divided into four age groups (7–8; 9–10; 11–12; 13–14 years old) was evaluated. A quantitative MC instrument (evaluating stability, locomotor and manipulative skills), a maximal multistage 20-m shuttle-run test and the handgrip test, height and BMI were used in the analyses. Pearson correlations and standard regression modelling were performed to explore the associations between variables. Results Moderate to strong significant correlations (0.49 < r < 0.73) were found between MC and HRF, for both sexes, and correlation values were stable across the age groups. The MC model explained 74% of the HRF variance, with the locomotor component being the highest predictor for the entire sample (β = .302; p < .001). Gender-related differences were found when boys and girls were analysed at each age group. Locomotor MC for girls was the most consistent significant predictor of HRF across all age groups (0.47 < β < 0.65; all p≤.001). For boys, significant predictors were locomotor and manipulative MC (0.21 < β < 0.49; all p < .05) in the two younger age groups (7–8 and 9–10 years) and stability (0.50 < β < 0.54; all p≤.001) for the older two age groups (11–12 and 13–14 years). Conclusion These results support the idea that: (1) the relationship between overall MC and HRF is strong and stable across childhood and early adolescence; (2) when accounting for the different MC components, boys and girls show different relationship patterns with HFR across age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Luz
- Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Luís P. Rodrigues
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer de Melgaço, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, Portugal
| | - An De Meester
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rita Cordovil
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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De Meester A, Stodden D, Goodway J, True L, Brian A, Ferkel R, Haerens L. Identifying a motor proficiency barrier for meeting physical activity guidelines in children. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:58-62. [PMID: 28595871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the existence of a threshold level (proficiency barrier) of actual motor competence (MC) below which a child is not likely to attain 60min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS Actual MC was assessed in 326 children (48.5% boys; age=9.50±1.24years) using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2; MVPA was measured with ActiGraph GT3X+accelerometers. Perceived MC, included as a potential mediating variable, was assessed with the Self-Perception Profile for Children. Binary logistic (mediation) regression analyses controlling for sex and a chi-squared test were used to gain insight into the relationship between (the levels of) actual MC and the percentage of children meeting the MVPA guideline. RESULTS Actual MC significantly predicted the percentage of children meeting the guideline (B=.03, SE=.01, p<.001), even when controlling for sex. Perceived MC did not mediate this relationship. Children with high actual MC (65-100 percentile) were 2.46 (p=.003) times more likely to meet the guideline than children with low actual MC (0-27 percentile). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates the potential impact of low MC on children's MVPA levels and suggests evidence for the existence of a proficiency barrier for meeting MVPA guidelines. Almost 90% of the children whose actual MC is below the 'average' threshold do not meet the MVPA guideline. As more children with higher levels of actual MC meet the guideline than their less competent peers, it is crucial to provide opportunities to sufficiently develop children's actual MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- An De Meester
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - David Stodden
- Department of Physical Education & Athletic Training, University of South Carolina, United States.
| | | | - Larissa True
- Kinesiology Department, State University of New York at Cortland, United States
| | - Ali Brian
- Department of Physical Education & Athletic Training, University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Rick Ferkel
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Central Michigan University, United States
| | - Leen Haerens
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
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De Meester A, Stodden D, Brian A, True L, Cardon G, Tallir I, Haerens L. Associations among Elementary School Children's Actual Motor Competence, Perceived Motor Competence, Physical Activity and BMI: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164600. [PMID: 27736964 PMCID: PMC5063290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive associations between motor competence and physical activity have been identified by means of variable-centered analyses. To expand the understanding of these associations, this study used a person-centered approach to investigate whether different combinations (i.e., profiles) of actual and perceived motor competence exist (aim 1); and to examine differences in physical activity levels (aim 2) and weight status (aim 3) among children with different motor competence-based profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children's (N = 361; 180 boys = 50%; Mage = 9.50±1.24yrs) actual motor competence was measured with the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and their perceived motor competence via the Self Perception Profile for Children. We assessed physical activity via accelerometers; height through stadiometers, and weight through scales. Cluster analyses (aim 1) and MANCOVAs (aim 2 & 3) were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The analysis generated two predictable groups: one group displaying relatively high levels of both actual (M TGMD-2 percentile = 42.54, SD = 2.33) and perceived motor competence (M = 3.42, SD = .37; high-high), and one group with relatively low levels of both (M percentile = 9.71, SD = 3.21; M PMC = 2.52, SD = .35; low-low). One additional group was also identified as having relatively low levels of actual motor competence (M percentile = 4.22, SD = 2.85) but relatively high levels of perceived motor competence (M = 3.52, SD = .30; low-high). The high-high group demonstrated higher daily physical activity (M = 48.39±2.03) and lower BMI (M = 18.13±.43) than the low-low group (MMVPA = 37.93±2.01; MBMI = 20.22±.42). The low-high group had similar physical activity-levels as the low-low group (M = 36.21±2.18) and did not significantly differ in BMI (M = 19.49±.46) from the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS A combination of high actual and perceived motor competence is related to higher physical activity and lower weight status. It is thus recommended to expand health interventions in children with components that foster the development of both actual and perceived motor competence. Health professionals should furthermore pay sufficient attention to endorsing children's actual and perceived motor competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- An De Meester
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail: (ADM); (DS); (LH)
| | - David Stodden
- Department of Physical Education & Athletic Training, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ADM); (DS); (LH)
| | - Ali Brian
- Department of Physical Education & Athletic Training, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Larissa True
- Kinesiology Department, State University of New York at Cortland, Cortland, New York, United States of America
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabel Tallir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Haerens
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail: (ADM); (DS); (LH)
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Bardid F, De Meester A, Tallir I, Cardon G, Lenoir M, Haerens L. Configurations of actual and perceived motor competence among children: Associations with motivation for sports and global self-worth. Hum Mov Sci 2016; 50:1-9. [PMID: 27620643 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study used a person-centred approach to examine whether different profiles based on actual and perceived motor competence exist in elementary school children. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to explore how children with different motor competence-based profiles might differ in their autonomous motivation for sports and global self-worth. Validated questionnaires were administered to 161 children (40% boys; age=8.82±0.66years) to assess their perceived motor competence, global self-worth, and motivation for sports. Actual motor competence was measured with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder. Cluster analyses identified four motor competence-based profiles: two groups were characterized by corresponding levels of actual and perceived motor competence (i.e., low-low and high-high) and two groups were characterized by divergent levels of actual and perceived motor competence (i.e., high-low and low-high). Children in the low-low and high-low group displayed significantly lower levels of autonomous motivation for sports and lower levels of global self-worth than children in the low-high and high-high group. These findings emphasize that fostering children's perceived motor competence might be crucial to improve their motivation for sports and their global self-worth. Teachers and instructors involved in physical education and youth sports should thus focus on both actual and perceived motor competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Bardid
- School of Education, University of Stratchclyde, 16 Richmond St, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An De Meester
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Isabel Tallir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Lenoir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Haerens
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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De Meester A, Maes J, Stodden D, Cardon G, Goodway J, Lenoir M, Haerens L. Identifying profiles of actual and perceived motor competence among adolescents: associations with motivation, physical activity, and sports participation. J Sports Sci 2016; 34:2027-37. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1149608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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De Meester A, Aelterman N, Cardon G, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Haerens L. Extracurricular school-based sports as a motivating vehicle for sports participation in youth: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:48. [PMID: 24708585 PMCID: PMC4233643 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracurricular school-based sports are considered to be an ideal means of reaching children who are not active in community sports. The purposes of this study were to examine the extent to which pupils not engaging in community sports do participate in extracurricular school-based sports, and to assess whether extracurricular school-based sports participants are more physically active and/or more autonomously motivated towards sports in daily life than children who do not participate in extracurricular school-based sports. Methods One thousand forty-nine children (53.7% boys; M age = 11.02 years, SD = 0.02) out of 60 classes from 30 Flemish elementary schools, with an extracurricular school-based sports offer, completed validated questionnaires to assess physical activity (Flemish Physical Activity Questionnaire) and motivation (Behavioral Regulations in Physical Education Questionnaire). Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to examine the data generated from these questionnaires. Results More than three quarters of the children (76%) reported participating in extracurricular school-based sports during the current school year and 73% reported engaging in organized community sports. Almost two third of the children (65%) not participating in community sports stated that they did participate in extracurricular school-based sports. Extracurricular school-based sports participants were significantly more physically active than children not participating in extracurricular school-based sports (β = 157.62, p < 0.001). Significant three-way interactions (sex × extracurricular school-based sports participation × community sports participation) were found for autonomous motivation, with boys engaging in extracurricular school-based sports but not in community sports being significantly more autonomously motivated towards sports than boys not engaging in community or extracurricular school-based sports (β = 0.58, p = 0.003). Such differences were not noted among girls. Conclusions If extracurricular school-based sports are offered at school, the vast majority of elementary school children participate. Although extracurricular school-based sports attract many children already engaging in community sports, they also reach almost two third of the children who do not participate in community sports but who might also be optimally motivated towards sports. As children participating in extracurricular school-based sports are more physically active than children who do not participate, extracurricular school-based sports participation can be considered to contribute to an active lifestyle for these participating children.
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Affiliation(s)
- An De Meester
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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