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Silva ADD, Gomes MFDC, Gregianini TS, Martins LG, Veiga ABGD. Machine learning in predicting severe acute respiratory infection outbreaks. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2024; 40:e00122823. [PMID: 38198384 PMCID: PMC10775960 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen122823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) outbreaks occur annually, with seasonal peaks varying among geographic regions. Case notification is important to prepare healthcare networks for patient attendance and hospitalization. Thus, health managers need adequate resource planning tools for SARI seasons. This study aims to predict SARI outbreaks based on models generated with machine learning using SARI hospitalization notification data. In this study, data from the reporting of SARI hospitalization cases in Brazil from 2013 to 2020 were used, excluding SARI cases caused by COVID-19. These data were prepared to feed a neural network configured to generate predictive models for time series. The neural network was implemented with a pipeline tool. Models were generated for the five Brazilian regions and validated for different years of SARI outbreaks. By using neural networks, it was possible to generate predictive models for SARI peaks, volume of cases per season, and for the beginning of the pre-epidemic period, with good weekly incidence correlation (R2 = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.95-0.98, for the 2019 season in the Southeastern Brazil). The predictive models achieved a good prediction of the volume of reported cases of SARI; accordingly, 9,936 cases were observed in 2019 in Southern Brazil, and the prediction made by the models showed a median of 9,405 (95%CI: 9,105-9,738). The identification of the period of occurrence of a SARI outbreak is possible using predictive models generated with neural networks and algorithms that employ time series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Leticia Garay Martins
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Gregianini TS, Salvato RS, Barcellos RB, Godinho FM, Ruivo AP, de Melo VH, Schroder JA, Martiny FL, Möllmann EB, Favreto C, Baethgen LF, Ferreira VP, de Lima LE, Piazza CF, Machado TRM, Becker IM, Ramos RR, Frölich GC, Rossetti AF, Almeida LDC, Rodrigues TMA, Bragança IT, Campos AAS, Manzoni VB, Machado LC, da Silva LMI, de Oliveira ALS, Paiva MHS, Nunes ZMA, de Almeida PR, Demoliner M, Gularte JS, da Silva MS, Filippi M, Pereira VMDAG, Spilki FR, da Veiga ABG, Wallau GL. Chikungunya virus infection in the southernmost state of Brazil was characterised by self-limited transmission (2017-2019) and a larger 2021 outbreak. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e220259. [PMID: 37531506 PMCID: PMC10392894 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne virus that has been causing large outbreaks in the Americas since 2014. In Brazil, Asian-Caribbean (AC) and East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotypes have been detected and lead to large outbreaks in several Brazilian states. In Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the southernmost state of Brazil, the first cases were reported in 2016. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We employed genome sequencing and epidemiological investigation to characterise the Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) burden in RS between 2017-2021. FINDINGS We detected an increasing CHIKF burden linked to travel associated introductions and communitary transmission of distinct lineages of the ECSA genotype during this period. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Until 2020, CHIKV introductions were most travel associated and transmission was limited. Then, in 2021, the largest outbreak occurred in the state associated with the introduction of a new ECSA lineage. CHIKV outbreaks are likely to occur in the near future due to abundant competent vectors and a susceptible population, exposing more than 11 million inhabitants to an increasing infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Richard Steiner Salvato
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Regina Bones Barcellos
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Marques Godinho
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Amanda Pellenz Ruivo
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Viviane Horn de Melo
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Júlio Augusto Schroder
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Letícia Martiny
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Erica Bortoli Möllmann
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Cátia Favreto
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Divisão de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Ludmila Fiorenzano Baethgen
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Vithoria Pompermaier Ferreira
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Lívia Eidt de Lima
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Cláudia Fasolo Piazza
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Taís Raquel Marcon Machado
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Irina Marieta Becker
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Raquel Rocha Ramos
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Carey Frölich
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Alana Fraga Rossetti
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Lucas da Cunha Almeida
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Tahiana Machado Antunes Rodrigues
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Isabella Tabelli Bragança
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Aline Alves Scarpellini Campos
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Verônica Baú Manzoni
- Prefeitura de São Nicolau, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, São Nicolau, RS, Brasil
| | - Lais Ceschini Machado
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Entomologia e Núcleo de Bioinformática, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Luisa Maria Inácio da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Entomologia e Núcleo de Bioinformática, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - André Luiz Sá de Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Núcleo de Estatística e Geoprocessamento, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Entomologia e Núcleo de Bioinformática, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Zenaida Marion Alves Nunes
- Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Meriane Demoliner
- Universidade Feevale, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Micheli Filippi
- Universidade Feevale, Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel Luz Wallau
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Entomologia e Núcleo de Bioinformática, Recife, PE, Brasil
- National Reference Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Arbovirology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany
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Baethgen LF, da Veiga ABG, Salvato RS, de Carvalho TG, Rispoli T, Schiefelbein SH, Martins LG, Nunes ZMA, Schaurich AP, Timm LN, Ramos RC, Bastos CGM, Gregianini TS. SARS-CoV-2 laboratory surveillance during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in southern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:S0037-86822023000100300. [PMID: 36700597 PMCID: PMC9870280 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0146-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazil has one of the highest numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Rio Grande do Sul (RS) in southern Brazil is one of the leading states in terms of case numbers. As part of the national public health network, the State Central Laboratory (LACEN-RS) changed its routine in 2020 to focus on the diagnosis of COVID-19. This study evaluated the laboratory surveillance of COVID-19 suspected cases analyzed at the LACEN-RS in 2020. METHODS Viral detection was performed using RT-qPCR in samples from patients with respiratory infection who met the study criteria. Viral RNA was isolated using commercial manual kits or automated extractors, and SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR was performed using the Bio-Manguinhos/Rio de Janeiro, IBMP/Paraná, or Allplex 2019-nCoV assay. In total, 360 representative SARS-CoV-2 samples were sequenced using the Illumina platform. RESULTS In total, 31,197 of 107,578 (positivity rate = 29%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The number of RT-qPCR tests performed per month followed the COVID-19 epidemic curve observed for the state, with peaks in July-August and December. Females accounted for 63% of the samples, whereas the positivity rate was higher among males (33.1% males vs. 26.5% females). The positivity rate was higher in adults aged 50-79 years compared to the overall positivity rate. The majority of cases were observed in the capital, Porto Alegre, and the metropolitan region. Ten distinct lineages were identified, with B.1.1.28, B.1.1.33, and P.2 being the most frequent. CONCLUSIONS Here, we describe laboratory surveillance of COVID-19 to identify priorities for epidemiological surveillance actions in RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Fiorenzano Baethgen
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde - Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Richard Steiner Salvato
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | | | - Thaiane Rispoli
- Projetos de Cooperação Técnica - Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization - Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Sun Hee Schiefelbein
- Projetos de Cooperação Técnica - Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization - Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Letícia Garay Martins
- Centro de Operações de Emergência, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | | | - Zenaida Marion Alves Nunes
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Anelise Praetzel Schaurich
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Loeci Natalina Timm
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Rosane Campanher Ramos
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Cynthia Goulart Molina Bastos
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
| | - Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
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Freitas AWQD, Witt RR, Veiga ABGD. The health burden of natural and technological disasters in Brazil from 2013 to 2021. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00154922. [PMID: 37075339 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen154922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Disasters deeply impact the health of the affected population and the economy of a country. The health burden of disasters in Brazil is underestimated and more studies are needed to underpin policies and actions for disaster risk reduction. This study analyzes and describes disasters that occurred in Brazil from 2013 to 2021. The Integrated Disaster Information System (S2iD) was accessed to obtain demographic data, disaster data according to Brazilian Classification and Codification of Disasters (COBRADE), and health outcome data (number of dead, injured, sick, unsheltered, displaced, and missing individuals and other outcomes). Database preparation and analysis were performed in Tableau. In total, 98.62% (50,481) of the disasters registered in Brazil from 2013 to 2021 are natural, with a significant increase in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a biological disaster. This disaster group also caused the highest number of deaths (321,111), as well as injured (208,720) and sick (7,041,099) people. By analyzing data for each geographic region, we observed differences regarding disasters frequency and their health outcomes. In Brazil, climatological disasters are the most frequent (23,452 events) and occur mainly in the Northeast region. Geological disasters have the highest lethality, which are more common in the Southeast; however, the most common disasters in the South and Southeast are those of the meteorological and hydrological groups. Therefore, since the greatest health outcomes are associated with disasters predicted in time and space, public policies for the prevention and management of disasters can reduce the impacts of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abner Willian Quintino de Freitas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologias da Informação e Gestão em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | | | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologias da Informação e Gestão em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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5
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Gregianini TS, Salvato RS, Baethgen LF, Piazza CF, Barcellos RB, Godinho FM, da Veiga ABG. Influenza A(H3N2) infection followed by separate COVID-19 infection. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e61. [PMID: 37066129 PMCID: PMC10100996 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the case of a health professional infected first by influenza virus A(H3N2) and then by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 11 days later. Respiratory samples and clinical data were collected from the patient and from close contacts. RNA was extracted from samples and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to investigate the viruses. The patient presented with two different illness events: the first was characterized by fever, chest and body pain, prostration and tiredness, which ceased on the ninth day; RT-qPCR was positive only for influenza virus A(H3N2). Eleven days after onset of the first symptoms, the patient presented with sore throat, nasal congestion, coryza, nasal itching, sneezing and coughing, and a second RT-qPCR test was positive only for SARS-CoV-2; in the second event, symptoms lasted for 11 days. SARS-CoV-2 sequencing identified the Omicron BA.1 lineage. Of the patient's contacts, one was coinfected with influenza A(H3N2) and SARS-CoV-2 lineage BA.1.15 and the other two were infected only with SARS-CoV-2, one also with Omicron BA.1.15 and the other with BA.1.1. Our findings reinforce the importance of testing for different viruses in cases of suspected respiratory viral infection during routine epidemiological surveillance because common clinical manifestations of COVID-19 mimic those of other viruses, such as influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini
- Laboratório Central de Saúde PúblicaCentro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN/CEVS/SES-RS)Porto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasilLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN/CEVS/SES-RS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini,
| | - Richard Steiner Salvato
- Laboratório Central de Saúde PúblicaCentro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN/CEVS/SES-RS)Porto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasilLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN/CEVS/SES-RS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Fiorenzano Baethgen
- Laboratório Central de Saúde PúblicaCentro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN/CEVS/SES-RS)Porto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasilLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN/CEVS/SES-RS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Fasolo Piazza
- Laboratório Central de Saúde PúblicaCentro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN/CEVS/SES-RS)Porto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasilLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN/CEVS/SES-RS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Regina Bones Barcellos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoCentro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (CDCT/CEVS/SES-RS)Porto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasilCentro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (CDCT/CEVS/SES-RS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marques Godinho
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoCentro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (CDCT/CEVS/SES-RS)Porto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasilCentro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (CDCT/CEVS/SES-RS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)Porto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrasilUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Salvato RS, Rodrigues Ikeda ML, Barcellos RB, Godinho FM, Sesterheim P, Bitencourt LCB, Gregianini TS, Gorini da Veiga AB, Spilki FR, Wallau GL. Possible Occupational Infection of Healthcare Workers with Monkeypox Virus, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2520-2523. [PMID: 36178142 DOI: 10.3201/eid2812.221343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated epidemiologic and molecular characteristics of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections sampled from 2 healthcare nurses. Five days after collecting samples from an infected patient, the nurses showed typical MPXV manifestations; quantitative PCR and whole-genome sequencing confirmed MPXV infection, most likely transmitted through contact with fomites.
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7
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Varela APM, Prichula J, Mayer FQ, Salvato RS, Sant'Anna FH, Gregianini TS, Martins LG, Seixas A, Veiga ABGD. SARS-CoV-2 introduction and lineage dynamics across three epidemic peaks in Southern Brazil: massive spread of P.1. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 96:105144. [PMID: 34798321 PMCID: PMC8595253 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 is paramount for understanding viral dynamics, contributing to disease control. This study analyzed SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, including the first reported case in each Regional Health Coordination and cases from three epidemic peaks. Ninety SARS-CoV-2 genomes from RS were sequenced and analyzed through comparison with SARS-CoV-2 datasets available in GISAID for phylogenetic inference and mutation analysis. Among the first reported cases, we found the following lineages: B.1 (33.3%), B.1.1.28 (26.7%), B.1.1 (13.3%), B.1.1.33 (10.0%), and A (6.7%), evidencing SARS-CoV-2 introduction by both international origin and community-driven transmission. We found predominance of B.1.1.33 (50.0%) and B.1.1.28 (35.0%) during the first epidemic peak (July-August 2020), emergence of P.2 (55.6%) in the second peak (November-December 2020), and massive spread of P.1 and related sequences (78.4%), such as P.1-like-II, P.1.1 and P.1.2 in the third peak (February-April, 2021). Eighteen novel mutation combinations were found among P.1 genomes, and 22 different spike mutations and/or deletions among P.1 and related sequences. This study shows the dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Southern Brazil and describes SARS-CoV-2 diversity during three epidemic peaks, highlighting the spread of P.1 and the high genetic diversity of currently circulating lineages. Genomic monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 is essential to guide health authorities' decisions to control COVID-19 in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Muterle Varela
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Janira Prichula
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa Em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Estrada Do Conde, 6000, Sans Souci, 92990-000 Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Richard Steiner Salvato
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN/CEVS/SES-RS). Av. Ipiranga, 5400, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Hayashi Sant'Anna
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, PROADI - SUS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 910 - Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN/CEVS/SES-RS). Av. Ipiranga, 5400, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Letícia Garay Martins
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - CEVS/SES-RS. Av. Ipiranga, 5400, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriana Seixas
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Alves ADF, Moura ACD, Andreolla HF, Veiga ABGD, Fiegenbaum M, Giovenardi M, Almeida S. Gene expression evaluation of antioxidant enzymes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: RT-qPCR and bioinformatic analyses. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20190373. [PMID: 33821873 PMCID: PMC8022359 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Any condition leading to chronic liver disease is a potential oncogenic agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Alterations in the expression of antioxidant enzymes could alter the redox balance. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of the genes GPX1, GPX4, SEP15, SELENOP, SOD1, SOD2, GSR, CAT, and NFE2L2 in patients with HCC. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using RNA-Seq data from the TCGA and GTEx databases, and RT-qPCR data from HCC patient samples. Bioinformatic analysis revealed significant differential expression in most genes. GPX4 expression was significantly increased (p=0.02), while SOD2 expression was significantly decreased (p=0.04) in experimental data. In TCGA samples, alpha-fetoprotein levels (mg/dL) were negatively correlated with the expression of SEP15 (p<0.001), SELENOP (p<0.001), SOD1 (p<0.001), SOD2 (p<0.001), CAT (p<0.001), and NFE2L2 (p=0.004). Alpha-fetoprotein levels were positively correlated with the expression of GPX4 (p=0.02) and SELENOP (p=0.01) in the experimental data. Low expression of GPX1 (p=0.006), GPX4 (p=0.01), SELENOP (p=0.006), SOD1 (p=0.007), CAT (p<0.001), and NFE2L2 (p<0.001), and higher levels of GSR, were associated with low overall survival at 12 months. These results suggest a significant role for these antioxidant enzymes in HCC pathogenesis and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa de Freitas Alves
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Moura
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilu Fiegenbaum
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvana Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ellwanger JH, Veiga ABGD, Kaminski VDL, Valverde-Villegas JM, Freitas AWQD, Chies JAB. Control and prevention of infectious diseases from a One Health perspective. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200256. [PMID: 33533395 PMCID: PMC7856630 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caught the attention of the global community and rekindled the debate about our ability to prevent and manage outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Many alternatives are suggested to address these urgent issues. Some of them are quite interesting, but with little practical application in the short or medium term. To realistically control infectious diseases, human, animal, and environmental factors need to be considered together, based on the One Health perspective. In this article, we highlight the most effective initiatives for the control and prevention of infectious diseases: vaccination; environmental sanitation; vector control; social programs that encourage a reduction in the population growth; control of urbanization; safe sex stimulation; testing; treatment of sexually and vertically transmitted infections; promotion of personal hygiene practices; food safety and proper nutrition; reduction of the human contact with wildlife and livestock; reduction of social inequalities; infectious disease surveillance; and biodiversity preservation. Subsequently, this article highlights the impacts of human genetics on susceptibility to infections and disease progression, using the SARS-CoV-2 infection as a study model. Finally, actions focused on mitigation of outbreaks and epidemics and the importance of conservation of ecosystems and translational ecology as public health strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - PPGBM, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria de Lima Kaminski
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia - ICT, Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline María Valverde-Villegas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire coopératif IGMM/ABIVAX, UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
| | - Abner Willian Quintino de Freitas
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias da Informação e Gestão em Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular - PPGBM, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Pscheidt VM, Gregianini TS, Martins LG, Veiga ABGD. Epidemiology of human adenovirus associated with respiratory infection in southern Brazil. Rev Med Virol 2020; 31:e2189. [PMID: 33156553 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are associated with respiratory infection in the human population worldwide, but HAdV is underreported and less studied than other respiratory viruses. We investigated HAdV in patients with respiratory infection in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, between 2004 and 2018. The frequency and seasonality of HAdV, clinical symptoms and underlying diseases were analysed. Respiratory samples from outpatients with acute respiratory illness (ARI) who attended sentinel units and from inpatients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) were collected for HAdV detection by immunofluorescence assay; demographic and clinical data were analysed. In total, 43,514 cases of respiratory infection were analysed, of which 8,901 were ARI (20.5%), and 34,613 (79.5%) were SARI. Respiratory viruses were detected in 35.8% of the cases. The frequency of HAdV in relation to respiratory viruses was 2.8%. HAdV circulated year-round, with higher frequency during winter and early spring; increases in the average monthly temperature were associated with decreases in HAdV infections (p = 0.013). Most hospitalized patients with HAdV were male (p = 0.003). HAdV infection showed association with age (p < 0.001), and children between 1 and 5 years old accounted for 30.8% of the outpatients, whereas among cases of SARI, 88.2% were paediatric patients. Among inpatients with HAdV, 3% died, and of these, the majority had at least one underlying condition, such as cardiopathy and immunosuppression. HAdV infection of the respiratory tract causes morbidity and mortality, and individuals with heart diseases and the immunocompromised are at higher risk of fatality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veridiane Maria Pscheidt
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul-LACEN/CEVS/SES-RS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Letícia Garay Martins
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - CEVS/SES-RS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Gregianini TS, Seadi CF, Zavarize Neto LD, Martins LG, Muller GC, Straliotto SM, da Veiga ABG. A 28-year study of human parainfluenza in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1423-1431. [PMID: 30866089 PMCID: PMC7166594 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) is an important pathogen in respiratory infections, however the health burden of hPIV is underestimated. This study describes the infections by hPIV1-3 in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1990 to 2017, providing data of the frequency and seasonality of cases and associated clinical symptoms. METHOD OF STUDY Nasopharyngeal samples of patients with respiratory infection were collected, clinical data were analyzed, and immunofluorescence was used to detect hPIV. RESULTS Respiratory viruses were detected in 33.63% of respiratory infections. In a total of 11 606 cases of viral respiratory infection, 781 were positive for hPIV; hPIV prevalence ranged from 2.14% to 27% of viral respiratory infections. hPIV1 circulates mainly during fall; hPIV3 circulation, in turn, starts in fall and peaks during spring; and cases of hPIV2 are reported along the year, with peaks in fall and early spring. The most affected age group was children, with hPIV prevalence of 74.23% in patients for less than 1 year. A higher proportion of girls were infected than boys, however, no difference by sex was observed considering all age groups. The most frequent type was hPIV3, especially in hospitalized patients. Both hPIV1 and 3 were associated with dyspnea, while hPIV2 caused mild symptoms mainly in nonhospitalized patients. Nineteen fatalities occurred, 89.5% of them associated with risk factors (prematurity; chronic diseases; age, <1 or >60 years). CONCLUSION hPIV causes a high number of respiratory infections, leading to hospitalization especially in children; epidemiological and surveillance studies are important for the control and management of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini
- Laboratório Central de Saúde PúblicaSecretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul—LACEN/SES‐RSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Claudete Farina Seadi
- Laboratório Central de Saúde PúblicaSecretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul—LACEN/SES‐RSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Luiz Domingos Zavarize Neto
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre—UFCSPAPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil
- Escola de SaúdeUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos—UNISINOSSão LeopoldoRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Letícia Garay Martins
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em SaúdeSecretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul—CEVS/SES‐RSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Guilherme Cerutti Muller
- Escola de SaúdeUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos—UNISINOSSão LeopoldoRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Selir Maria Straliotto
- Laboratório Central de Saúde PúblicaSecretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul—LACEN/SES‐RSPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Laboratório de Biologia MolecularUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre—UFCSPAPorto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil
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Fay VDS, Gregianini TS, Veiga ABGD, Gonçalves SMB, Rodrigues DM, Bonamigo RR. A 12-year study of fungal infections in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Rev Iberoam Micol 2019; 36:55-60. [PMID: 31014946 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of fungal infections has increased in recent years in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Epidemiological studies are important for proper control of infections. AIMS To evaluate the etiology of fungal infections in patients in RS, from 2003 to 2015. METHODS This is a retrospective and longitudinal study carried out at Mycology Department of Central Laboratory of RS; 13,707 samples were evaluated. The variables sex, age, site of infection, and etiologic agent were analyzed. Susceptibility of Candida to fluconazole was tested in isolates from samples collected in 2015 from 51 outpatients. RESULTS Of the 13,707 samples, 840 cases (6.12%) of fungal infections were found and included in the analyses; female gender accounted for the 55.9% of the cases. The main fungus was Candida albicans (450 cases, 53.38%; p<0.001). Onychomycosis was the most frequent infection in superficial mycoses. Systemic mycoses accounted for 54.05% of the cases, from which 68.8% occurred in males, mainly HIV-positive (33.11%), and the main etiologic agent in these cases was Cryptococcus neoformans (73.13%). Among 51 samples tested for susceptibility to fluconazole, 78.43% of Candida isolates were susceptible; 5.88% were susceptible in a dose-dependent manner, and 15.69% were resistant. CONCLUSIONS C. albicans is a common cause of fungal infections in RS, accounting for half of the cases; resistance to antifungals was found in non-hospitalized patients. In addition, women seem to be more susceptible to fungal infections than men, however men show more systemic mycoses than women. The nails are the most common site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa da Silva Fay
- LACEN/SES-RS (Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini
- LACEN/SES-RS (Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Stela Maris Bottin Gonçalves
- LACEN/SES-RS (Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diana Mara Rodrigues
- LACEN/SES-RS (Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renan Rangel Bonamigo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia da Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Dermatologia da Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Ambulatório de Dermatologia Sanitária da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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de Oliveira TB, Moscon JG, Ferreira ENDN, da Veiga ABG. Prevalence of symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis in children in Southern Brazil: a ten-year monitoring study. J Asthma 2019; 57:373-380. [PMID: 30720381 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1573253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study analyzes and describes trends in prevalence of asthma and rhinitis in children 6-7 years old living in Santo Ângelo, Brazil, by comparing data from 2007, 2012, and 2017. Methods: The ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) standardized written questionnaire was used in a three cross-sectional survey. The questionnaire was applied between March and May of 2007, 2012 and 2017. Results: A total of 701 children participated in the survey: 225 children in 2007, 229 in 2012, and 247 in 2017. There were no differences in the prevalence of current wheeze in the years of this study. On the other hand, a higher percentage of children were diagnosed with asthma in 2012 (26.2%) than in 2007 (10.2%) and 2017 (10.1%) (p < 0.05); however, the severity of asthma was lower in 2012 when compared to other years. Regarding cases of probable asthma - which included patients with suspected asthma or wheezing and nocturnal cough without a diagnosis of asthma - these corresponded to 15.7, 17.0, and 25.1% of the cases in 2007, 2012 and 2017, respectively. For other allergic diseases, we found no statistical difference in the frequency of symptoms of current rhinitis (55.5%, 54.6%, 51.8% in 2007, 2012, and 2017, respectively), allergic rhinitis (45.3%, 45.0%, 36.4% in 2007, 2012, and 2017, respectively), or pollinosis (17.8%, 12.7%, 14.2% in 2007, 2012, and 2017, respectively). Conclusions: The prevalence of probable asthma increased from 2007 to 2017. The prevalence of symptoms and diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and pollinosis was relatively high and these allergies must be considered in the pediatric population of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Bittencourt de Oliveira
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI, Departamento Ciências da Saúde, Santo Ângelo, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jordana Griebeler Moscon
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - URI, Departamento Ciências da Saúde, Santo Ângelo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Borges LGDA, Giongo A, Pereira LDM, Trindade FJ, Gregianini TS, Campos FS, Ghedin E, da Veiga ABG. Comparison of the nasopharynx microbiome between influenza and non-influenza cases of severe acute respiratory infections: A pilot study. Health Sci Rep 2018; 1:e47. [PMID: 30623080 PMCID: PMC6266421 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Influenza A virus (IAV) can cause severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), and disease outcome may be associated with changes in the microbiome of the nasopharynx. This is a pilot study to characterize the microbiome of the nasopharynx in patients hospitalized with SARI, infected and not infected by IAV. METHODS AND RESULTS Using target sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we assessed the bacterial community of nasopharyngeal aspirate samples and compared the microbiome of patients infected with IAV with the microbiome of patients who were negative for IAV. We observed differences in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes between SARI patients, with Streptococcus being enriched and Pseudomonas underrepresented in IAV patients compared with patients who were not infected with IAV. CONCLUSION Pseudomonas taxon seems to be in high frequency on the nasopharynx of SARI patients with non-IAV infection and might present a negative association with Streptococcus taxon. Microbial profile appears to be different between SARI patients infected or not infected with IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo dos Anjos Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em PatologiaUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
- Department of MicrobiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Adriana Giongo
- Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais (IPR)Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Leandro de Mattos Pereira
- Faculdade de BiociênciasPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Fernanda J. Trindade
- Faculdade de BiociênciasPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN/SES‐RS)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- College of Veterinary Medicine and AgronomyUniversity of Brasília, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, ICCAsa Norte, CEP 70.910-970 BrasíliaDFBrazil
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Global Public HealthNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em PatologiaUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)Porto AlegreRSBrazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Respiratory infections cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aims to estimate the relationship between allergic respiratory diseases with the occurrence of recurrent respiratory infection (RRI) in children and adolescents. METHODS The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire and a questionnaire that provides data on the history of respiratory infections and the use of antibiotics were used to obtain data from patients. The relationship between the presence of asthma or allergic rhinitis and the occurrence of respiratory infections in childhood was analyzed. RESULTS We interviewed the caregivers of 531 children aged 0 to 15 years. The average age of participants was 7.43 years, with females accounting for 52.2%. This study found significant relationship between: presence of asthma or allergic rhinitis with RRI, with prevalence ratio (PR) of 2.47 (1.51-4.02) and 1.61 (1.34-1.93), respectively; respiratory allergies with use of antibiotics for respiratory problems, with PR of 5.32 (2.17-13.0) for asthma and of 1.64 (1.29-2.09) for allergic rhinitis; asthma and allergic rhinitis with diseases of the lower respiratory airways, with PR of 7.82 (4.63-13.21) and 1.65 (1.38-1.96), respectively. In contrast, no relationship between upper respiratory airway diseases and asthma and allergic rhinitis was observed, with PR of 0.71 (0.35-1.48) and 1.30 (0.87-1.95), respectively. CONCLUSIONS RRI is associated with previous atopic diseases, and these conditions should be considered when treating children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Bittencourt de Oliveira
- a Departamento Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões-URI , Santo Ângelo , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Everton Andrei Klering
- a Departamento Ciências da Saúde , Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões-URI , Santo Ângelo , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia , Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
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Gregianini TS, Ranieri T, Favreto C, Nunes ZMA, Tumioto Giannini GL, Sanberg ND, da Rosa MTM, da Veiga ABG. Emerging arboviruses in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: Chikungunya and Zika outbreaks, 2014-2016. Rev Med Virol 2017; 27. [PMID: 28929534 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
QUESTIONS INVESTIGATED The recent emergence of arboviruses such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil has posed a threat to human health and to the country's economy. Outbreaks occur mainly in tropical areas; however, increasing number of cases have been observed in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the Southernmost state; therefore, surveillance of these arboviruses is essential for public health measures. DESIGN In this study, we analyzed 1276 samples from patients with clinically suspected arboviral diseases between 2014 and 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected and described; cases of microcephaly associated with congenital infection were analyzed. ESSENTIAL FINDINGS Results show that CHIKV and ZIKV entered RS in 2014 and 2015, respectively, with imported cases confirmed. Autochthonous infections occurred in 2016 for both viruses, with a total of 5 autochthonous cases for CHIKV and 44 for ZIKV. Most patients were older than 21 years; the main symptoms were fever, arthralgia, myalgia, and headache; rash, conjunctivitis, and pruritus were also reported in ZIKV cases. Three cases of congenital Zika syndrome were confirmed in our study, while another 20 cases of microcephaly associated with congenital infection were confirmed (10 positive for syphilis, 6 for toxoplasmosis and 4 for cytomegalovirus). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Considering co-circulation of different arbovirus in RS, including Dengue virus, CHIKV, and ZIKV, and the presence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the area, surveillance of patients infected by these viruses contributes to the control and prevention of such diseases. Practical difficulties in diagnosing these infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Schäffer Gregianini
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, IPB-LACEN/RS, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - SES/RS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tani Ranieri
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde - CEVS, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - SES/RS, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cátia Favreto
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde - CEVS, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - SES/RS, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Zenaida Marion Alves Nunes
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, IPB-LACEN/RS, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - SES/RS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Luchiari Tumioto Giannini
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, IPB-LACEN/RS, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - SES/RS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nara Druck Sanberg
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, IPB-LACEN/RS, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - SES/RS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilda Tereza Mar da Rosa
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, IPB-LACEN/RS, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - SES/RS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Silva Souza ACD, Souza Marasca GD, Kretzmann-Filho NA, Dall-Bello A, Alexandre Kliemann D, Valle Tovo C, Gorini da Veiga AB. Identification of hepatitis B virus A1762T/G1764A double mutant strain in patients in Southern Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2017; 21:525-529. [PMID: 28606415 PMCID: PMC9425463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a worldwide public health problem. Chronic HBV infection with high viral replication may lead to cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Mutant HBV strains, such as the HBV A1762T/G1764A double mutant, have been associated with poor prognosis and higher risk of the patient for developing cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. This study analyzed the presence of the HBV A1762T/G1764A double mutant in patients with chronic HBV and its association with clinical parameters such as viral load, aminotransferases, and HBV antigens. A total of 49 patients with chronic hepatitis B were included in the study, and the HBV A1762T/G1764A double mutant strain was detected in four samples (8.16%) by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length analysis (PCR-RFLP). The viral load was not significantly different between patients with or without the double mutant strain (p=0.43). On the other hand, carriers of the HBV A1762T/G1764A double mutant had higher levels of ALT (p=0.0028), while AST levels did not differ between groups (p=0.051). In this study, 75% of the samples with the HBV A1762T/G1764A double mutation were HBeAg negative and anti-HBe positive, reflecting seroconversion even though they still displayed high viral loads. Our study has shown that the HBV A1762T/G1764A double mutant strain circulates in Brazilian patients, and is associated with elevated levels of ALT and HBeAg seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaliany Cecília da Silva Souza
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Programa de Pos-Graduação em Medicina: Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giórgia de Souza Marasca
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Programa de Pos-Graduação em Medicina: Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nélson Alexandre Kretzmann-Filho
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Programa de Pos-Graduação em Medicina: Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Dall-Bello
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Programa de Pos-Graduação em Medicina: Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Dimas Alexandre Kliemann
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Programa de Pos-Graduação em Medicina: Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Valle Tovo
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Programa de Pos-Graduação em Medicina: Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição (HNSC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Programa de Pos-Graduação em Medicina: Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Marasca GDS, Machado AL, Kretzmann NA, Souza ACDS, Mattos AAD, Kliemann D, Tovo CV, Veiga ABGD. FREQUENCY OF THE MDR1 GENE POLYMORPHISM RS1045642 (C3435T) IN HCV-HIV CO-INFECTED PATIENTS. Arq Gastroenterol 2017; 53:246-249. [PMID: 27706454 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032016000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Due to the high prevalence of co-infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the severity of these infections, the understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in these processes, including viral behavior and host genetic profile, is of great importance for patient treatment and for public health policies.Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human genome, such as the SNP rs1045642 (C3435T) in the MDR1 gene, have been reported to be associated to the sustained virological response (SVR) to HCV treatment in HCV-HIV co-infected patients. Objective The present study analyzes the MDR1 gene C3435T polymorphism in HCV-HIV co-infected patients. Methods A total of 99 HCV-HIV patients were included in the study. The DNA was extracted from blood samples, and the SNP rs1045642 was assessed by Real Time PCR (qPCR). Risk factors for acquiring the virus and the SVR after HCV treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin were also analyzed. Results Among the patients, 54 (54.5%) were male and 45 (45.5%) were female. The average age was 46.1±9.8 years. The SVR after HCV treatment was 40%. The frequencies of MDR1 genotypes CC, CT and TT were 28.3%, 47.5% and 24.2%, respectively. Allele frequencies were 52% for the C allele and 48% for the T allele. No association was found for SNP rs1045642 (C3435T) regarding response to treatment (P=0.308). Conclusion - In this study, the C3435T polymorphism in the MDR1 gene appears not to be associated with SVR in HCV-HIV co-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giórgia de Souza Marasca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - André Luiz Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Nélson Alexandre Kretzmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Angelo Alves de Mattos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Dimas Kliemann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Valle Tovo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.,Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hepatologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Kliemann DA, Tovo CV, da Veiga ABG, de Mattos AA, Wood C. Polymorphisms and resistance mutations of hepatitis C virus on sequences in the European hepatitis C virus database. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8910-8917. [PMID: 27833382 PMCID: PMC5083796 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i40.8910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the occurrence of resistant mutations in treatment-naïve hepatitis C virus (HCV) sequences deposited in the European hepatitis C virus database (euHCVdb).
METHODS The sequences were downloaded from the euHCVdb (https://euhcvdb.ibcp.fr/euHCVdb/). The search was performed for full-length NS3 protease, NS5A and NS5B polymerase sequences of HCV, separated by genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b and 3a, and resulted in 798 NS3, 708 NS5A and 535 NS5B sequences from HCV genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b and 3a, after the exclusion of sequences containing errors and/or gaps or incomplete sequences, and sequences from patients previously treated with direct antiviral agents (DAA). The sequence alignment was performed with MEGA 6.06 MAC and the resulting protein sequences were then analyzed using the BioEdit 7.2.5. for mutations associated with resistance. Only positions that have been described as being associated with failure in treatment in in vivo studies, and/or as conferring a more than 2-fold change in replication in comparison to the wildtype reference strain in in vitro phenotypic assays were included in the analysis.
RESULTS The Q80K variant in the NS3 gene was the most prevalent mutation, being found in 44.66% of subtype 1a and 0.25% of subtype 1b. Other frequent mutations observed in more than 2% of the NS3 sequences were: I170V (3.21%) in genotype 1a, and Y56F (15.93%), V132I (23.28%) and I170V (65.20%) in genotype 1b. For the NS5A, 2.21% of the genotype 1a sequences have the P58S mutation, 5.95% of genotype 1b sequences have the R30Q mutation, 15.79% of subtypes 2a sequences have the Q30R mutation, 23.08% of subtype 2b sequences have a L31M mutation, and in subtype 3a sequences, 23.08% have the M31L resistant variants. For the NS5B, the V321L RAV was identified in 0.60% of genotype 1a and in 0.32% of genotype 1b sequences, and the N142T variant was observed in 0.32% of subtype 1b sequences. The C316Y, S556G, D559N RAV were identified in 0.33%, 7.82% and 0.32% of genotype 1b sequences, respectively, and were not observed in other genotypes.
CONCLUSION HCV mutants resistant to DAAs are found in low frequency, nevertheless they could be selected and therapy could fail due resistance substitutions in HCV genome.
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de Moura AC, Lazzari VM, Becker RO, Gil MS, Ruthschilling CA, Agnes G, Almeida S, da Veiga ABG, Lucion AB, Giovenardi M. Gene expression in the CNS of lactating rats with different patterns of maternal behavior. Neurosci Res 2015; 99:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moura ACD, Lazzari VM, Agnes G, Almeida S, Giovenardi M, Veiga ABGD. Transcriptional expression study in the central nervous system of rats: what gene should be used as internal control? Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2015; 12:336-41. [PMID: 25295456 PMCID: PMC4872946 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082014ao3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A growing number of published articles report the expression of specific genes with different behavior patterns in rats. The levels of messenger ribonucleic acid transcripts are usually analyzed by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction and quantified after normalization with an internal control or reference gene (housekeeping gene). Nevertheless, housekeeping genes exhibit different expression in the central nervous system, depending on the physiological conditions and the area of the brain to be studied. The choice of a good internal control gene is essential for obtaining reliable results. This study evaluated the expression of three housekeeping genes (beta-actin, cyclophilin A, and ubiquitin C) in different areas of the central nervous system in rats (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, striatum, and prefrontal cortex). Methods Wistar rats (virgin females, n=6) during the diestrum period were used. Total ribonucleic acid was extracted from each region of the brain; the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid was synthesized by reverse transcription and amplified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction using SYBR™ Green and primers specific for each one of the reference genes. The stability of the expression was determined using NormFinder. Results Beta-actin was the most stable gene in the hippocampus and striatum, while cyclophilin A and ubiquitin C showed greater stability in the prefrontal cortex and the olfactory bulb, respectively. Conclusion Based on our study, further studies of gene expression using rats as animal models should take into consideration these results when choosing a reliable internal control gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grasiela Agnes
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvana Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Becker CE, Kretzmann NA, Mattos AAD, Veiga ABGD. Melting curve analysis for the screening of hepatitis B virus genotypes A, D and F in patients from a general hospital in southern Brazil. Arq Gastroenterol 2014; 50:219-25. [PMID: 24322195 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032013000200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause fulminant hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and is one of the most common causes of acute and chronic liver failure. The genetic variants of HBV can be decisive for the evolution of these diseases as well as for the election of therapy. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate and standardize an in house methodology based on the analysis of the melting curve polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of real-time (qPCR) to screen for genotypes A, D and F of HBV in patients from a hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS We evaluated 104 patients presumably with HBV chronic infection. Viral DNA was extracted from plasma and viral genotypes and different mutations were determined using PCR-based protocols. RESULTS A PCR-based methodology was standardized for the analysis of genotypes A, D and F of HBV. The technique was based in a nested PCR with the final step consisting of a multiplex real-time PCR, using the melting curve as a tool for the differentiation of fragments. A higher frequency of genotype D (44.4%), followed by genotype A (22.2%) and genotype F (3.7%) was observed. CONCLUSION The standardized assay, a nested PCR-multiplex qPCR using specific primers, provides a rapid and accurate method for the differentiation of HBV genotypes that are more frequent in Southern Brazil - A, D and F. This method can be applied in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Becker
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Hepatologia
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Heinen TE, de Farias CB, Abujamra AL, Mendonça RZ, Roesler R, da Veiga ABG. Effects of Lonomia obliqua caterpillar venom upon the proliferation and viability of cell lines. Cytotechnology 2013; 66:63-74. [PMID: 23338857 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many active principles produced by animals, plants and microorganisms have been employed in the development of new drugs for the treatment of human diseases. Among animals known to produce pharmacologically active molecules that interfere in human cell physiology, the caterpillar Lonomia obliqua has become the focus of toxicological studies due to recent findings about its venom constituents. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of L. obliqua venom upon the viability and the proliferation of different cell lineages and to propose mechanisms for the herein observed induction of cell proliferation in glioma cell lines. MTT analyses indicate that L. obliqua venom increases the viability of tumor cell lines U138-MG and HT-29; on the other hand, it inhibits the viability of V-79 nontumor cells. Cell count based on the trypan blue exclusion method suggests a proliferating activity of the venom upon U138-MG cells. Exposure of U138-MG to crude venom extract led to a decrease in the production of nitric oxide, and activation of the cAMP signaling pathway inhibited the effects of the venom, indicating that these mechanisms may influence cell proliferation triggered by the venom. Despite the proliferative effects of crude venom on U138-MG and HT-29 cell cultures, a protein purified from L. obliqua hemolymph previously shown to have cytoprotective activity had no effect on U138-MG and HT-29; however, this same protein increased the viability of V-79 cells that had previously been exposed to the cytotoxic activity of the crude venom extract. This study indicates that the venom and the antiapoptotic protein act differently and have different effects on cell cultures, depending on the cell line analyzed. Biomolecules displaying either mitogenic or cytotoxic activities are of great biotechnological interest. Further studies encompassing the purification of active principles from L. obliqua venom are necessary to further elucidate its effects on different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Elias Heinen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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Gorini da Veiga AB, Kretzmann NA, Corrêa LT, Goshiyama AM, Baccin T, Ardenghi P, Matias F, Gregianini TS, Alves d'Azevedo P. Viral load and epidemiological profile of patients infected by pandemic influenza a (H1N1) 2009 and seasonal influenza a virus in Southern Brazil. J Med Virol 2012; 84:371-9. [PMID: 22246821 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Correlation between virologic profile and clinical features of patients infected by influenza virus provides important information for epidemiological control and clinical management of future disease outbreaks. Samples from patients in Southern Brazil, from June to December 2009, were examined and the viral load was correlated with epidemiological data. All samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR for detection of the 2009-pandemic Influenza A (H1N1). Relative viral loads were assessed based on the 2(-ΔCT) method and epidemiological data were obtained for each patient, following ethical policies. A total of 933 samples were positive for pH1N1 (2009) influenza; 172 were positive for seasonal influenza A; 13 were undetermined; 1992 samples were negative for influenza A. Combined molecular and epidemiological data were available for 38 seasonal and 198 pandemic samples. The median viral load was higher in pandemic than in seasonal influenza samples; in patients infected with pH1N1 (2009), viral load associated positively with chills, myalgia and rhinorrhea, and negatively with dyspnea, but no association was observed with other symptoms, nor with clinical conditions such as pregnancy, smoking, immunodepression and co-morbidities. Regarding patients infected with seasonal influenza, viral loads did not show statistically significant association with any of the symptoms. This is the first study in Brazil that examines epidemiological and molecular data from the 2009 influenza pandemic. The results may serve as a basis for developing strategies to control human-to-human infection and viral dissemination, and for implementing effective measures and public health policies against future novel disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Gorini da Veiga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil.
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