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Cannon A, Sarin KY, Petersen AK, Pichard DC, Wolters PL, Erickson G, Lessing AJ, Li P, Röhl C, Rosser T, Widemann BC, Blakeley JO, Plotkin SR. Perspectives of adolescents with neurofibromatosis 1 and cutaneous neurofibromas: Implications for clinical trials. Clin Trials 2024; 21:67-72. [PMID: 37269078 PMCID: PMC10735167 DOI: 10.1177/17407745231178839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS More than 99% of individuals with neurofibromatosis 1 develop cutaneous neurofibromas, benign nerve sheath tumors that manifest as nodules on the skin. These cutaneous neurofibromas emerge with age, appearing most commonly in adolescence. Nevertheless, few data have been published on how adolescents with neurofibromatosis 1 feel about cutaneous neurofibromas. The purpose of this study was to assess the perspectives of adolescents with neurofibromatosis 1 and their caregivers regarding cutaneous neurofibroma morbidity, treatment options, and acceptable risks-benefits of treatment. METHODS An online survey was distributed through the world's largest NF registry. Eligibility criteria included self-reported neurofibromatosis 1 diagnosis, adolescent child ages 12-17 years, ≥1 cutaneous neurofibroma, and ability to read English. The survey was designed to collect details about the adolescent's cutaneous neurofibromas, views on morbidity related to cutaneous neurofibromas, social and emotional impact of cutaneous neurofibromas, communication regarding cutaneous neurofibromas, and views regarding current and potential future cutaneous neurofibroma treatment. RESULTS Survey respondents included 28 adolescents and 32 caregivers. Adolescents reported having several negative feelings about cutaneous neurofibromas, particularly feeling worried about the potential progression of their cutaneous neurofibromas (50%). Pruritus (34%), location (34%), appearance (31%), and number (31%) were the most bothersome cutaneous neurofibroma features. Topical medication (77%-96%), followed by oral medication (54%-93%), was the most preferred treatment modality. Adolescents and caregivers most often replied that cutaneous neurofibroma treatment should be initiated when cutaneous neurofibromas become bothersome. The majority of respondents were willing to treat cutaneous neurofibromas for at least 1 year (64%-75%). Adolescent and caregivers were least willing to risk pain (72%-78%) and nausea/vomiting (59%-81%) as a cutaneous neurofibroma treatment side effect. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that adolescents with neurofibromatosis 1 are negatively impacted by their cutaneous neurofibromas, and that both adolescents and their caregivers would be willing to try longer-term experimental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Cannon
- School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- InformedDNA, Inc., St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | - Dominique C Pichard
- Dermatology Branch, National Institutes of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pamela L Wolters
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Peng Li
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Tena Rosser
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jaishri O Blakeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott R Plotkin
- Department of Neurology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Fertitta L, Bergqvist C, Sarin KY, Plotkin SR, Moertel C, Petersen AK, Cannon A, Berman Y, Pichard DC, Röhl C, Lessing A, Brizion B, Peiffer B, Ravaud P, Tran VT, Armand ML, Moryousef S, Ferkal S, Jannic A, Ezzedine K, Wolkenstein P. A core outcome domain set to assess cutaneous neurofibromas related to neurofibromatosis type 1 in clinical trials. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:216-225. [PMID: 37877514 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous neurofibromas (cNF) are considered one of the highest burdens of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). To date, no medical treatment can cure cNF or prevent their development. In that context, there is an urgent need to prepare and standardize the methodology of future trials targeting cNF. OBJECTIVES The objective was to develop a core outcome domain set suitable for all clinical trials targeting NF1-associated cNF. METHODS The validated approach of this work consisted of a three-phase methodology: (i) generating the domains [systematic literature review (SLR) and qualitative studies]; (ii) agreeing (three-round international e-Delphi consensus process and working groups); and (iii) voting. RESULTS (i) The SLR and the qualitative studies (three types of focus groups and a French e-survey with 234 participants) resulted in a preliminary list of 31 candidate items and their corresponding definitions. (ii) A total of 229 individuals from 29 countries participated in the first round of the e-Delphi process: 71 patients, relatives or representatives (31.0%), 130 healthcare professionals (HCPs, 56.8%) and 28 researchers, representatives of a drug regulatory authority, industry or pharmaceutical company representatives or journal editors (12.2%). The overall participation rate was 74%. After round 2, five candidate items were excluded. Between rounds 2 and 3, international workshops were held to better understand the disagreements among stakeholders. This phase led to the identification of 19 items as outcome subdomains. (iii) The items were fused to create four outcome domains ('clinical assessment', 'daily life impact', 'patient satisfaction' and 'perception of health') and prioritized. The seven items that did not reach consensus were marked for the research agenda. The final core outcome domain set reached 100% of the votes of the steering committee members. CONCLUSIONS Although numerous outcomes can be explored in studies related to cNF in NF1, the present study offers four outcome domains that should be reported in all trial studies, agreed on by international patients, relatives and representatives of patients; HCPs; researchers, representatives of drug regulatory authorities or pharmaceutical companies and journal editors. The next step will include the development of a set of core outcome measurement instruments to further standardize how these outcomes should be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fertitta
- Department of Dermatology
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430; National Referral Center for Neurofibromatoses, -Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Paris (AP-HP) , 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM U955 , 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Christina Bergqvist
- Department of Dermatology
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430; National Referral Center for Neurofibromatoses, -Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Paris (AP-HP) , 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Scott R Plotkin
- Department of Neurology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrea K Petersen
- Department of Rehabilitation and Development, Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Ashley Cannon
- School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- InformedDNA, Inc., St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Yemima Berman
- Clinical Genetics, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dominique C Pichard
- Dermatology Branch, National Institutes of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Class Röhl
- NF Patients United - Global Network of NF Support Groups, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Ravaud
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRA , F-75004 Paris, France
| | - Viet-Thi Tran
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRA , F-75004 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Salah Ferkal
- Department of Dermatology
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430; National Referral Center for Neurofibromatoses, -Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Paris (AP-HP) , 94010 Créteil, France
| | | | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Department of Dermatology
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430; National Referral Center for Neurofibromatoses, -Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Paris (AP-HP) , 94010 Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Pierre Wolkenstein
- Department of Dermatology
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1430; National Referral Center for Neurofibromatoses, -Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux Paris (AP-HP) , 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, 94010, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France
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3
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Li D, Wang Q, Bayat A, Battig MR, Zhou Y, Bosch DG, van Haaften G, Granger L, Petersen AK, Pérez-Jurado LA, Aznar-Laín G, Aneja A, Hancarova M, Bendova S, Schwarz M, Kremlikova Pourova R, Sedlacek Z, Keena BA, March ME, Hou C, O’Connor N, Bhoj EJ, Harr MH, Lemire G, Boycott KM, Towne M, Li M, Tarnopolsky M, Brady L, Parker MJ, Faghfoury H, Parsley LK, Agolini E, Dentici ML, Novelli A, Wright M, Palmquist R, Lai K, Scala M, Striano P, Iacomino M, Zara F, Cooper A, Maarup TJ, Byler M, Lebel RR, Balci TB, Louie R, Lyons M, Douglas J, Nowak C, Afenjar A, Hoyer J, Keren B, Maas SM, Motazacker MM, Martinez-Agosto JA, Rabani AM, McCormick EM, Falk MJ, Ruggiero SM, Helbig I, Møller RS, Tessarollo L, Tomassoni Ardori F, Palko ME, Hsieh TC, Krawitz PM, Ganapathi M, Gelb BD, Jobanputra V, Wilson A, Greally J, Jacquemont S, Jizi K, Bruel AL, Quelin C, Misra VK, Chick E, Romano C, Greco D, Arena A, Morleo M, Nigro V, Seyama R, Uchiyama Y, Matsumoto N, Taira R, Tashiro K, Sakai Y, Yigit G, Wollnik B, Wagner M, Kutsche B, Hurst AC, Thompson ML, Schmidt R, Randolph L, Spillmann RC, Shashi V, Higginbotham EJ, Cordeiro D, Carnevale A, Costain G, Khan T, Funalot B, Tran Mau-Them F, Fernandez Garcia Moya L, García-Miñaúr S, Osmond M, Chad L, Quercia N, Carrasco D, Li C, Sanchez-Valle A, Kelley M, Nizon M, Jensson BO, Sulem P, Stefansson K, Gorokhova S, Busa T, Rio M, Hadj Habdallah H, Lesieur-Sebellin M, Amiel J, Pingault V, Mercier S, Vincent M, Philippe C, Fatus-Fauconnier C, Friend K, Halligan RK, Biswas S, Rosser J, Shoubridge C, Corbett M, Barnett C, Gecz J, Leppig K, Slavotinek A, Marcelis C, Pfundt R, de Vries BB, van Slegtenhorst MA, Brooks AS, Cogne B, Rambaud T, Tümer Z, Zackai EH, Akizu N, Song Y, Hakonarson H. Spliceosome malfunction causes neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping features. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e171235. [PMID: 37962958 PMCID: PMC10760965 DOI: 10.1172/jci171235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA splicing is a highly coordinated process. While its dysregulation has been linked to neurological deficits, our understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remains limited. We implicated pathogenic variants in U2AF2 and PRPF19, encoding spliceosome subunits in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), by identifying 46 unrelated individuals with 23 de novo U2AF2 missense variants (including 7 recurrent variants in 30 individuals) and 6 individuals with de novo PRPF19 variants. Eight U2AF2 variants dysregulated splicing of a model substrate. Neuritogenesis was reduced in human neurons differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells carrying two U2AF2 hyper-recurrent variants. Neural loss of function (LoF) of the Drosophila orthologs U2af50 and Prp19 led to lethality, abnormal mushroom body (MB) patterning, and social deficits, which were differentially rescued by wild-type and mutant U2AF2 or PRPF19. Transcriptome profiling revealed splicing substrates or effectors (including Rbfox1, a third splicing factor), which rescued MB defects in U2af50-deficient flies. Upon reanalysis of negative clinical exomes followed by data sharing, we further identified 6 patients with NDD who carried RBFOX1 missense variants which, by in vitro testing, showed LoF. Our study implicates 3 splicing factors as NDD-causative genes and establishes a genetic network with hierarchy underlying human brain development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, and
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department for Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Yijing Zhou
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniëlle G.M. Bosch
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Haaften
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leslie Granger
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Randall Children’s Hospital at Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrea K. Petersen
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Randall Children’s Hospital at Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Luis A. Pérez-Jurado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Genetic Service, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aznar-Laín
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Neurology, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anushree Aneja
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miroslava Hancarova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Bendova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Schwarz
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Kremlikova Pourova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sedlacek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University Second Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Beth A. Keena
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth J. Bhoj
- Center for Applied Genomics, and
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Gabrielle Lemire
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kym M. Boycott
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Megan Li
- Invitae, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- Division of Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Brady
- Division of Neuromuscular and Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J. Parker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sheffield Children’s Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lea Kristin Parsley
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Mercy Health Systems, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Dentici
- Medical Genetics Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Meredith Wright
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Rachel Palmquist
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Khanh Lai
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, and
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, and
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Annina Cooper
- Department of Genetics, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Timothy J. Maarup
- Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melissa Byler
- Center for Development, Behavior and Genetics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Robert Roger Lebel
- Center for Development, Behavior and Genetics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Tugce B. Balci
- Division of Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond Louie
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Lyons
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica Douglas
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine Nowak
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- APHP. SU, Reference Center for Intellectual Disabilities Caused by Rare Causes, Department of Genetics and Medical Embryology, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Juliane Hoyer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Saskia M. Maas
- Department of Human Genetics, Academic Medical Center, and
| | - Mahdi M. Motazacker
- Laboratory of Genome Diagnostics, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ahna M. Rabani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. McCormick
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Marni J. Falk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Sarah M. Ruggiero
- Division of Neurology, and
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Division of Neurology, and
- The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rikke S. Møller
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Francesco Tomassoni Ardori
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Palko
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Tzung-Chien Hsieh
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter M. Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mythily Ganapathi
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and the Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vaidehi Jobanputra
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - John Greally
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, CHU Ste-Justine Hospital and CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Khadijé Jizi
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, CHU Ste-Justine Hospital and CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- INSERM UMR 1231, Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Translational Medicine in Developmental Anomalies, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Chloé Quelin
- Medical Genetics Department, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, CHU Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - Vinod K. Misra
- Division of Genetic, Genomic, and Metabolic Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Discipline of Pediatrics, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Erika Chick
- Division of Genetic, Genomic, and Metabolic Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Corrado Romano
- Research Unit of Rare Diseases and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Manuela Morleo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rie Seyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryoji Taira
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tashiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Karatsu Red Cross Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Kinderzentrum Oldenburg, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Diakonisches Werk Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Kutsche
- Kinderzentrum Oldenburg, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Diakonisches Werk Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anna C.E. Hurst
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Ryan Schmidt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda Randolph
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Spillmann
- Department of Pediatrics–Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Department of Pediatrics–Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Dawn Cordeiro
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Carnevale
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory Costain
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tayyaba Khan
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benoît Funalot
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Henri-Mondor APHP and CHI Creteil, University Paris Est Creteil, IMRB, Inserm U.955, Creteil, France
| | - Frederic Tran Mau-Them
- INSERM UMR 1231, Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- UF Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Sixto García-Miñaúr
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew Osmond
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Chad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nada Quercia
- Department of Genetic Counselling, Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Carrasco
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Cook Children’s Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Chumei Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amarilis Sanchez-Valle
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Meghan Kelley
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Medical Genetics Department, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Svetlana Gorokhova
- Aix Marseille University, Inserm, U1251-MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Genetics, Timone Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Tiffany Busa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Timone Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Department of Genomic Medicine of Rare Disorders, Necker Hospital, APHP Center, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hamza Hadj Habdallah
- Department of Genomic Medicine of Rare Disorders, Necker Hospital, APHP Center, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marion Lesieur-Sebellin
- Department of Genomic Medicine of Rare Disorders, Necker Hospital, APHP Center, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Rare Disease Genetics Department, APHP, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut Imagine, Embryology and Genetics of Malformations Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Pingault
- Rare Disease Genetics Department, APHP, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Institut Imagine, Embryology and Genetics of Malformations Laboratory, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites SeqOIA (laboratoire-seqoia.fr), Paris, France
| | - Sandra Mercier
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Medical Genetics Department, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Medical Genetics Department, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- INSERM UMR 1231, Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Kathryn Friend
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Jane Rosser
- Department of General Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cheryl Shoubridge
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Corbett
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher Barnett
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Pediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- Adelaide Medical School and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathleen Leppig
- Genetic Services, Kaiser Permenante of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Carlo Marcelis
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert B.A. de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alice S. Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Cogne
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Medical Genetics Department, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites SeqOIA (laboratoire-seqoia.fr), Paris, France
| | - Thomas Rambaud
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites SeqOIA (laboratoire-seqoia.fr), Paris, France
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elaine H. Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Naiara Akizu
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuanquan Song
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, and
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Cordovado A, Schaettin M, Jeanne M, Panasenkava V, Denommé-Pichon AS, Keren B, Mignot C, Doco-Fenzy M, Rodan L, Ramsey K, Narayanan V, Jones JR, Prijoles EJ, Mitchell WG, Ozmore JR, Juliette K, Torti E, Normand EA, Granger L, Petersen AK, Au MG, Matheny JP, Phornphutkul C, Chambers MK, Fernández-Ramos JA, López-Laso E, Kruer MC, Bakhtiari S, Zollino M, Morleo M, Marangi G, Mei D, Pisano T, Guerrini R, Louie RJ, Childers A, Everman DB, Isidor B, Audebert-Bellanger S, Odent S, Bonneau D, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Redon R, Bézieau S, Laumonnier F, Stoeckli ET, Toutain A, Vuillaume ML. SEMA6B variants cause intellectual disability and alter dendritic spine density and axon guidance. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3325-3340. [PMID: 35604360 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability is a neurodevelopmental disorder frequently caused by monogenic defects. In this study, we collected 14 SEMA6B heterozygous variants in 16 unrelated patients referred for intellectual disability to different centres. Whereas until now SEMA6B variants have mainly been reported in patients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy, our study indicates that the clinical spectrum is wider, and also includes non-syndromic intellectual disability without epilepsy or myoclonus. To assess the pathogenicity of these variants, selected mutated forms of Sema6b were overexpressed in HEK293T cells and in primary neuronal cultures. shRNAs targeting Sema6b were also used in neuronal cultures to measure the impact of the decreased Sema6b expression on morphogenesis and synaptogenesis. The overexpression of some variants leads to a subcellular mislocalisation of SEMA6B protein in HEK293T cells and to a reduced spine density due to loss of mature spines in neuronal cultures. Sema6b knock-down also impairs spine density and spine maturation. In addition, we conducted in vivo rescue experiments in chicken embryos with the selected mutated forms of Sema6b expressed in commissural neurons after knock-down of endogenous SEMA6B. We observed that expression of these variants in commissural neurons fails to rescue the normal axon pathway. In conclusion, identification of SEMA6B variants in patients presenting with an overlapping phenotype with intellectual disability, and functional studies highlight the important role of SEMA6B in neuronal development, notably in spine formation and maturation, and in axon guidance. This study adds SEMA6B to the list of intellectual disability-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Cordovado
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Martina Schaettin
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Médéric Jeanne
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37032 Tours, France.,Genetics Department, University Hospital of Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- Functional Unit in Innovative Genomic Diagnosis of Rare Diseases, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon-Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France.,UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Bourgogne-Franche Comté University, Dijon, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Genetics Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP. Sorbonne University, 75651 Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Genetics Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP. Sorbonne University, 75651 Paris, France
| | - Martine Doco-Fenzy
- University Hospital Reims, AMH2, Genetics Division, SFR CAP santé EA3801, Reims, France
| | - Lance Rodan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Julie R Jones
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | | | - Wendy G Mitchell
- Neurology Division, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Kali Juliette
- Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare: Neurology Department, St Paul, MN 55101, USA
| | | | | | - Leslie Granger
- Genetics Division, Department of Pediatric Development and Rehabilitation, Randall Children's Hospital, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Andrea K Petersen
- Genetics Division, Department of Pediatric Development and Rehabilitation, Randall Children's Hospital, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Margaret G Au
- University of Kentucky: Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Juliann P Matheny
- University of Kentucky: Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chanika Phornphutkul
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Mary-Kathryn Chambers
- Division of Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | - Eduardo López-Laso
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Reina Sofía, IMIBIC and CIBERER, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Program, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Departments of Child Health, Neurology, and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, and Program in Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, U. O. C. Genetica Medica, Roma, Italy
| | - Manuela Morleo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marangi
- Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, U. O. C. Genetica Medica, Roma, Italy
| | - Davide Mei
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, Member of ERN Epicare, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pisano
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, Member of ERN Epicare, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital, Member of ERN Epicare, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Raymond J Louie
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Anna Childers
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - David B Everman
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Betrand Isidor
- Medical Genetics Service, Clinical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Nantes, Hôtel Dieu, 44093 Nantes, France
| | | | - Sylvie Odent
- Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital, Genetic and Development Institute of Rennes IGDR, UMR 6290 University of Rennes, ITHACA ERN, 35203 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Angers and Mitovasc INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, 49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Richard Redon
- INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Thorax Institute, 44007 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Thorax Institute, 44007 Nantes, France.,University Hospital of Nantes, Medical Genetics Service 44093 Nantes, France
| | | | - Esther T Stoeckli
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Annick Toutain
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37032 Tours, France.,Genetics Department, University Hospital of Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Marie-Laure Vuillaume
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, Inserm, 37032 Tours, France.,Genetics Department, University Hospital of Tours, 37044 Tours, France
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5
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Cif L, Demailly D, Lin JP, Barwick KE, Sa M, Abela L, Malhotra S, Chong WK, Steel D, Sanchis-Juan A, Ngoh A, Trump N, Meyer E, Vasques X, Rankin J, Allain MW, Applegate CD, Attaripour Isfahani S, Baleine J, Balint B, Bassetti JA, Baple EL, Bhatia KP, Blanchet C, Burglen L, Cambonie G, Seng EC, Bastaraud SC, Cyprien F, Coubes C, d'Hardemare V, Doja A, Dorison N, Doummar D, Dy-Hollins ME, Farrelly E, Fitzpatrick DR, Fearon C, Fieg EL, Fogel BL, Forman EB, Fox RG, Gahl WA, Galosi S, Gonzalez V, Graves TD, Gregory A, Hallett M, Hasegawa H, Hayflick SJ, Hamosh A, Hully M, Jansen S, Jeong SY, Krier JB, Krystal S, Kumar KR, Laurencin C, Lee H, Lesca G, François LL, Lynch T, Mahant N, Martinez-Agosto JA, Milesi C, Mills KA, Mondain M, Morales-Briceno H, Ostergaard JR, Pal S, Pallais JC, Pavillard F, Perrigault PF, Petersen AK, Polo G, Poulen G, Rinne T, Roujeau T, Rogers C, Roubertie A, Sahagian M, Schaefer E, Selim L, Selway R, Sharma N, Signer R, Soldatos AG, Stevenson DA, Stewart F, Tchan M, Verma IC, de Vries BBA, Wilson JL, Wong DA, Zaitoun R, Zhen D, Znaczko A, Dale RC, de Gusmão CM, Friedman J, Fung VSC, King MD, Mohammad SS, Rohena L, Waugh JL, Toro C, Raymond FL, Topf M, Coubes P, Gorman KM, Kurian MA. KMT2B-related disorders: expansion of the phenotypic spectrum and long-term efficacy of deep brain stimulation. Brain 2021; 143:3242-3261. [PMID: 33150406 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in KMT2B are associated with an early-onset, progressive and often complex dystonia (DYT28). Key characteristics of typical disease include focal motor features at disease presentation, evolving through a caudocranial pattern into generalized dystonia, with prominent oromandibular, laryngeal and cervical involvement. Although KMT2B-related disease is emerging as one of the most common causes of early-onset genetic dystonia, much remains to be understood about the full spectrum of the disease. We describe a cohort of 53 patients with KMT2B mutations, with detailed delineation of their clinical phenotype and molecular genetic features. We report new disease presentations, including atypical patterns of dystonia evolution and a subgroup of patients with a non-dystonic neurodevelopmental phenotype. In addition to the previously reported systemic features, our study has identified co-morbidities, including the risk of status dystonicus, intrauterine growth retardation, and endocrinopathies. Analysis of this study cohort (n = 53) in tandem with published cases (n = 80) revealed that patients with chromosomal deletions and protein truncating variants had a significantly higher burden of systemic disease (with earlier onset of dystonia) than those with missense variants. Eighteen individuals had detailed longitudinal data available after insertion of deep brain stimulation for medically refractory dystonia. Median age at deep brain stimulation was 11.5 years (range: 4.5-37.0 years). Follow-up after deep brain stimulation ranged from 0.25 to 22 years. Significant improvement of motor function and disability (as assessed by the Burke Fahn Marsden's Dystonia Rating Scales, BFMDRS-M and BFMDRS-D) was evident at 6 months, 1 year and last follow-up (motor, P = 0.001, P = 0.004, and P = 0.012; disability, P = 0.009, P = 0.002 and P = 0.012). At 1 year post-deep brain stimulation, >50% of subjects showed BFMDRS-M and BFMDRS-D improvements of >30%. In the long-term deep brain stimulation cohort (deep brain stimulation inserted for >5 years, n = 8), improvement of >30% was maintained in 5/8 and 3/8 subjects for the BFMDRS-M and BFMDRS-D, respectively. The greatest BFMDRS-M improvements were observed for trunk (53.2%) and cervical (50.5%) dystonia, with less clinical impact on laryngeal dystonia. Improvements in gait dystonia decreased from 20.9% at 1 year to 16.2% at last assessment; no patient maintained a fully independent gait. Reduction of BFMDRS-D was maintained for swallowing (52.9%). Five patients developed mild parkinsonism following deep brain stimulation. KMT2B-related disease comprises an expanding continuum from infancy to adulthood, with early evidence of genotype-phenotype correlations. Except for laryngeal dysphonia, deep brain stimulation provides a significant improvement in quality of life and function with sustained clinical benefit depending on symptoms distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cif
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements Anormaux, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Diane Demailly
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements Anormaux, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Lin
- Complex Motor Disorder Service, Children's Neurosciences Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Children's Neuromodulation Group, Women and Children's Health Institute, Faculty of life Sciences and Medicine (FOLSM), King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Katy E Barwick
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Mario Sa
- Complex Motor Disorder Service, Children's Neurosciences Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lucia Abela
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sony Malhotra
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Wui K Chong
- Developmental Imaging and Biophysics, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dora Steel
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alba Sanchis-Juan
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, NHS Blood and Transplant Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adeline Ngoh
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Natalie Trump
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Esther Meyer
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Julia Rankin
- Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Meredith W Allain
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn D Applegate
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanaz Attaripour Isfahani
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julien Baleine
- Unité de Soins Intensifs et Réanimation Pédiatrique et Néonatale, Hôpital Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bettina Balint
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Bassetti
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma L Baple
- Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.,Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Catherine Blanchet
- Département d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Département de génétique médicale, APHP Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Cambonie
- Unité de Soins Intensifs et Réanimation Pédiatrique et Néonatale, Hôpital Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Chan Seng
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements Anormaux, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Montpellier, France
| | | | - Fabienne Cyprien
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements Anormaux, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Département de Génétique médicale, Maladies rares et médecine personnalisée, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent d'Hardemare
- Unité Dyspa, Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France
| | | | - Asif Doja
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nathalie Dorison
- Unité Dyspa, Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Diane Doummar
- Neuropédiatrie, Centre de référence neurogénétique mouvement anormaux de l'enfant, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, France
| | - Marisela E Dy-Hollins
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellyn Farrelly
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David R Fitzpatrick
- Human Genetics Unit, Medical and Developmental Genetics, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Conor Fearon
- Department of Neurology, The Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth L Fieg
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent L Fogel
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eva B Forman
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel G Fox
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - William A Gahl
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Serena Galosi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Victoria Gonzalez
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements Anormaux, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Tracey D Graves
- Department of Neurology, Hinchingbrooke Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Huntingdon, UK
| | - Allison Gregory
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harutomo Hasegawa
- Complex Motor Disorder Service, Children's Neurosciences Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Children's Neuromodulation Group, Women and Children's Health Institute, Faculty of life Sciences and Medicine (FOLSM), King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Susan J Hayflick
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Paediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ada Hamosh
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie Hully
- Département de Neurologie, APHP-Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Jansen
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Suh Young Jeong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joel B Krier
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sidney Krystal
- Département de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Fondation Rothschild, Paris
| | - Kishore R Kumar
- Translational Genomics Group, Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chloé Laurencin
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Universitaire de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Timothy Lynch
- Department of Neurology, The Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neil Mahant
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian A Martinez-Agosto
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christophe Milesi
- Unité de Soins Intensifs et Réanimation Pédiatrique et Néonatale, Hôpital Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kelly A Mills
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michel Mondain
- Département d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpital Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugo Morales-Briceno
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - John R Ostergaard
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Swasti Pal
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajender Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Juan C Pallais
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frédérique Pavillard
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Francois Perrigault
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Gustavo Polo
- Département de Neurochirurgie Fonctionnelle, Hôpital Neurologique et Neurochirurgical, Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France
| | - Gaetan Poulen
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements Anormaux, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Tuula Rinne
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Roujeau
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements Anormaux, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caleb Rogers
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Département de Neuropédiatrie, Hôpital Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1051, Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michelle Sahagian
- Division of Neurology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Medical Genetics, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laila Selim
- Cairo University Children Hospital, Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic division, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Richard Selway
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nutan Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Signer
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ariane G Soldatos
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Stevenson
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Fiona Stewart
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Michel Tchan
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Genetics, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ishwar C Verma
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajender Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Bert B A de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny L Wilson
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Derek A Wong
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raghda Zaitoun
- Department of Paediatrics, Neurology Division, Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dolly Zhen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anna Znaczko
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Russell C Dale
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Claudio M de Gusmão
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Friedman
- Division of Neurology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.,Departments of Paediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Victor S C Fung
- Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary D King
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Luis Rohena
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Long School of Medicine, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jeff L Waugh
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya Topf
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Philippe Coubes
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements Anormaux, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de médecine, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Kathleen M Gorman
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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6
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den Hoed J, de Boer E, Voisin N, Dingemans AJM, Guex N, Wiel L, Nellaker C, Amudhavalli SM, Banka S, Bena FS, Ben-Zeev B, Bonagura VR, Bruel AL, Brunet T, Brunner HG, Chew HB, Chrast J, Cimbalistienė L, Coon H, Délot EC, Démurger F, Denommé-Pichon AS, Depienne C, Donnai D, Dyment DA, Elpeleg O, Faivre L, Gilissen C, Granger L, Haber B, Hachiya Y, Abedi YH, Hanebeck J, Hehir-Kwa JY, Horist B, Itai T, Jackson A, Jewell R, Jones KL, Joss S, Kashii H, Kato M, Kattentidt-Mouravieva AA, Kok F, Kotzaeridou U, Krishnamurthy V, Kučinskas V, Kuechler A, Lavillaureix A, Liu P, Manwaring L, Matsumoto N, Mazel B, McWalter K, Meiner V, Mikati MA, Miyatake S, Mizuguchi T, Moey LH, Mohammed S, Mor-Shaked H, Mountford H, Newbury-Ecob R, Odent S, Orec L, Osmond M, Palculict TB, Parker M, Petersen AK, Pfundt R, Preikšaitienė E, Radtke K, Ranza E, Rosenfeld JA, Santiago-Sim T, Schwager C, Sinnema M, Snijders Blok L, Spillmann RC, Stegmann APA, Thiffault I, Tran L, Vaknin-Dembinsky A, Vedovato-Dos-Santos JH, Schrier Vergano SA, Vilain E, Vitobello A, Wagner M, Waheeb A, Willing M, Zuccarelli B, Kini U, Newbury DF, Kleefstra T, Reymond A, Fisher SE, Vissers LELM. Mutation-specific pathophysiological mechanisms define different neurodevelopmental disorders associated with SATB1 dysfunction. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:346-356. [PMID: 33513338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas large-scale statistical analyses can robustly identify disease-gene relationships, they do not accurately capture genotype-phenotype correlations or disease mechanisms. We use multiple lines of independent evidence to show that different variant types in a single gene, SATB1, cause clinically overlapping but distinct neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinical evaluation of 42 individuals carrying SATB1 variants identified overt genotype-phenotype relationships, associated with different pathophysiological mechanisms, established by functional assays. Missense variants in the CUT1 and CUT2 DNA-binding domains result in stronger chromatin binding, increased transcriptional repression, and a severe phenotype. In contrast, variants predicted to result in haploinsufficiency are associated with a milder clinical presentation. A similarly mild phenotype is observed for individuals with premature protein truncating variants that escape nonsense-mediated decay, which are transcriptionally active but mislocalized in the cell. Our results suggest that in-depth mutation-specific genotype-phenotype studies are essential to capture full disease complexity and to explain phenotypic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joery den Hoed
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH Nijmegen, the Netherlands; International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elke de Boer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Norine Voisin
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexander J M Dingemans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Guex
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Bioinformatics Competence Center, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurens Wiel
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics of the Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christoffer Nellaker
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Shivarajan M Amudhavalli
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Frederique S Bena
- Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- Edmomd and Lilly Safra Pediatric Hospital, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Vincent R Bonagura
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- UMR1231-Inserm, Génétique des Anomalies du développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21070 Dijon, France; Laboratoire de Génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, UF6254 Innovation en diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Theresa Brunet
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Maastricht University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, and MHeNS School for Mental health and Neuroscience, PO Box 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hui B Chew
- Department of Genetics, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Jalan Pahang, 50586 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jacqueline Chrast
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loreta Cimbalistienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Emmanuèlle C Délot
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Children's Research Institute and Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Florence Démurger
- Department of clinical genetics, Vannes hospital, 56017 Vannes, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- UMR1231-Inserm, Génétique des Anomalies du développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21070 Dijon, France; Laboratoire de Génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, UF6254 Innovation en diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dian Donnai
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - David A Dyment
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Laurence Faivre
- UMR1231-Inserm, Génétique des Anomalies du développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21070 Dijon, France; Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, 21079 Dijon, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leslie Granger
- Department of Rehabilitation and Development, Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Benjamin Haber
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yasuo Hachiya
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0042, Japan
| | - Yasmin Hamzavi Abedi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY 11021, USA; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Jennifer Hanebeck
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Toshiyuki Itai
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Adam Jackson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Rosalyn Jewell
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Kelly L Jones
- Division of Medical Genetics & Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Centre for Genomic Medicine, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Hirofumi Kashii
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0042, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | | | - Fernando Kok
- Mendelics Genomic Analysis, Sao Paulo, SP 04013-000, Brazil; University of Sao Paulo, School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Urania Kotzaeridou
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Alinoë Lavillaureix
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN ITHACA, Hôpital Sud, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Linda Manwaring
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Benoît Mazel
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, 21079 Dijon, France
| | | | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mohamad A Mikati
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Lip H Moey
- Department of Genetics, Penang General Hospital, Jalan Residensi, 10990 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shehla Mohammed
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Hagar Mor-Shaked
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hayley Mountford
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Headington Campus, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Ruth Newbury-Ecob
- Clinical Genetics, St Michael's Hospital Bristol, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8EG, UK
| | - Sylvie Odent
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN ITHACA, Hôpital Sud, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Laura Orec
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centre for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthew Osmond
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | | | - Michael Parker
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - Andrea K Petersen
- Department of Rehabilitation and Development, Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eglė Preikšaitienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kelly Radtke
- Clinical Genomics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Ranza
- Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Medigenome, Swiss Institute of Genomic Medicine, 1207 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Caitlin Schwager
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Margje Sinnema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Medicine Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lot Snijders Blok
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rebecca C Spillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Alexander P A Stegmann
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, azM, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Linh Tran
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Samantha A Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics & Metabolism, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Eric Vilain
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Hospital, Children's Research Institute and Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- UMR1231-Inserm, Génétique des Anomalies du développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21070 Dijon, France; Laboratoire de Génétique chromosomique et moléculaire, UF6254 Innovation en diagnostic génomique des maladies rares, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, 21070 Dijon, France
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Androu Waheeb
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada; Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Marcia Willing
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Britton Zuccarelli
- The University of Kansas School of Medicine Salina Campus, Salina, KS 67401, USA
| | - Usha Kini
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Dianne F Newbury
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Headington Campus, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Lisenka E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Petersen AK, Cheung SW, Smith JL, Bi W, Ward PA, Peacock S, Braxton A, Van Den Veyver IB, Breman AM. Positive predictive value estimates for cell-free noninvasive prenatal screening from data of a large referral genetic diagnostic laboratory. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217:691.e1-691.e6. [PMID: 29032050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its debut in 2011, cell-free fetal DNA screening has undergone rapid expansion with respect to both utilization and coverage. However, conclusive data regarding the clinical validity and utility of this screening tool, both for the originally included common autosomal and sex-chromosomal aneuploidies as well as the more recently added chromosomal microdeletion syndromes, have lagged behind. Thus, there is a continued need to educate clinicians and patients about the current benefits and limitations of this screening tool to inform pre- and posttest counseling, pre/perinatal decision making, and medical risk assessment/management. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the positive predictive value and false-positive rates for different chromosomal abnormalities identified by cell-free fetal DNA screening using a large data set of diagnostic testing results on invasive samples submitted to the laboratory for confirmatory studies. STUDY DESIGN We tested 712 patient samples sent to our laboratory to confirm a cell-free fetal DNA screening result, indicating high risk for a chromosome abnormality. We compiled data from all cases in which the indication for confirmatory testing was a positive cell-free fetal DNA screen, including the common trisomies, sex chromosomal aneuploidies, microdeletion syndromes, and other large genome-wide copy number abnormalities. Testing modalities included fluorescence in situ hybridization, G-banded karyotype, and/or chromosomal microarray analysis performed on chorionic villus samples, amniotic fluid, or postnatally obtained blood samples. Positive predictive values and false-positive rates were calculated from tabulated data. RESULTS The positive predictive values for trisomy 13, 18, and 21 were consistent with previous reports at 45%, 76%, and 84%, respectively. For the microdeletion syndrome regions, positive predictive values ranged from 0% for detection of Cri-du-Chat syndrome and Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome to 14% for 1p36 deletion syndrome and 21% for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Detection of sex chromosomal aneuploidies had positive predictive values of 26% for monosomy X, 50% for 47,XXX, and 86% for 47,XXY. CONCLUSION The positive predictive values for detection of common autosomal and sex chromosomal aneuploidies by cell-free fetal DNA screening were comparable with other studies. Identification of microdeletions was associated with lower positive predictive values and higher false-positive rates, likely because of the low prevalence of the individual targeted microdeletion syndromes in the general population. Although the obtained positive predictive values compare favorably with those seen in traditional screening approaches for common aneuploidies, they highlight the importance of educating clinicians and patients on the limitations of cell-free fetal DNA screening tests. Improvement of the cell-free fetal DNA screening technology and continued monitoring of its performance after introduction into clinical practice will be important to fully establish its clinical utility. Nonetheless, our data provide valuable information that may aid result interpretation, patient counseling, and clinical decision making/management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Petersen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sau Wai Cheung
- Baylor Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Janice L Smith
- Baylor Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Weimin Bi
- Baylor Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Patricia A Ward
- Baylor Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sandra Peacock
- Baylor Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alicia Braxton
- Baylor Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ignatia B Van Den Veyver
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Amy M Breman
- Baylor Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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Besse A, Petersen AK, Hunter JV, Appadurai V, Lalani SR, Bonnen PE. Personalized medicine approach confirms a milder case of ABAT deficiency. Mol Brain 2016; 9:93. [PMID: 27903293 PMCID: PMC5131463 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ABAT deficiency (OMIM 613163) is a rare inborn error of metabolism caused by recessive variants in the gene 4-aminobutyric acid transaminase (ABAT), which is responsible for both the catalysis of GABA and maintenance of nucleoside pools in the mitochondria. To date, only a few patients have been reported worldwide. Their clinical presentation has been remarkably consistent with primary features of severe psychomotor retardation, encephalopathy, hypotonia, and infantile-onset refractory epilepsy. We report a new case of ABAT deficiency that marks an important departure from previous clinical findings. The patient presented at age 6 months with global developmental delay, hypotonia, hypersomnolence and mild choreiform movements. At age 18 months, the subject’s clinical presentation was still milder than all previously reported patients and, most notably, did not include seizures. Clinical whole exome sequencing revealed two heterozygous ABAT missense variants that are rare and predicted damaging, but never before reported in a patient and were reported as variants of unknown significance. To test the potential pathogenicity of the variants identified in this patient we developed a cell-based system to test both functions of the ABAT protein via GABA transaminase enzyme activity and mtDNA copy number assays. This systematic approach was validated using vigabatrin, the irreversible inhibitor of ABAT, and leveraged to test the functionality of all ABAT variants in previously reported patients plus the variants in this new case. This work confirmed the novel variants compromised ABAT function to similar levels as variants in previously characterized cases with more severe clinical presentation, thereby confirming the molecular diagnosis of this patient. Additionally, functional studies conducted in cells from both mild and severe patient fibroblasts showed similar levels of compromise in mitochondrial membrane potential, respiratory capacity, ATP production and mtDNA depletion. These results illustrate how cell-based functional studies can aid in the diagnosis of a rare, neurological disorder. Importantly, this patient marks an expansion in the clinical phenotype for ABAT deficiency to a milder presentation that is more commonly seen in pediatric genetics and neurology clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Besse
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A K Petersen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J V Hunter
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Appadurai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P E Bonnen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Parsons DW, Roy A, Yang Y, Wang T, Scollon S, Bergstrom K, Kerstein RA, Gutierrez S, Petersen AK, Bavle A, Lin FY, López-Terrada DH, Monzon FA, Hicks MJ, Eldin KW, Quintanilla NM, Adesina AM, Mohila CA, Whitehead W, Jea A, Vasudevan SA, Nuchtern JG, Ramamurthy U, McGuire AL, Hilsenbeck SG, Reid JG, Muzny DM, Wheeler DA, Berg SL, Chintagumpala MM, Eng CM, Gibbs RA, Plon SE. Diagnostic Yield of Clinical Tumor and Germline Whole-Exome Sequencing for Children With Solid Tumors. JAMA Oncol 2016; 2:616-624. [PMID: 26822237 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.5699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Importance Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has the potential to reveal tumor and germline mutations of clinical relevance, but the diagnostic yield for pediatric patients with solid tumors is unknown. Objective To characterize the diagnostic yield of combined tumor and germline WES for children with solid tumors. Design Unselected children with newly diagnosed and previously untreated central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS solid tumors were prospectively enrolled in the BASIC3 study at a large academic children's hospital during a 23-month period from August 2012 through June 2014. Blood and tumor samples underwent WES in a certified clinical laboratory with genetic results categorized on the basis of perceived clinical relevance and entered in the electronic health record. Main Outcomes and Measures Clinical categorization of somatic mutations; frequencies of deleterious germline mutations related to patient phenotype and incidental medically-actionable mutations. Results Of the first 150 participants (80 boys and 70 girls, mean age, 7.4 years), tumor samples adequate for WES were available from 121 patients (81%). Somatic mutations of established clinical utility (category I) were reported in 4 (3%) of 121 patients, with mutations of potential utility (category II) detected in an additional 29 (24%) of 121 patients. CTNNB1 was the gene most frequently mutated, with recurrent mutations in KIT, TSC2, and MAPK pathway genes (BRAF, KRAS, and NRAS) also identified. Mutations in consensus cancer genes (category III) were found in an additional 24 (20%) of 121 tumors. Fewer than half of somatic mutations identified were in genes known to be recurrently mutated in the tumor type tested. Diagnostic germline findings related to patient phenotype were discovered in 15 (10%) of 150 cases: 13 pathogenic or likely pathogenic dominant mutations in adult and pediatric cancer susceptibility genes (including 2 each in TP53, VHL, and BRCA1), 1 recessive liver disorder with hepatocellular carcinoma (TJP2), and 1 renal diagnosis (CLCN5). Incidental findings were reported in 8 (5%) of 150 patients. Most patients harbored germline uncertain variants in cancer genes (98%), pharmacogenetic variants (89%), and recessive carrier mutations (85%). Conclusions and Relevance Tumor and germline WES revealed mutations in a broad spectrum of genes previously implicated in both adult and pediatric cancers. Combined reporting of tumor and germline WES identified diagnostic and/or potentially actionable findings in nearly 40% of newly diagnosed pediatric patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Williams Parsons
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston2Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas3The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, T
| | - Angshumoy Roy
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston4The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas5Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston6Department of Pathology a
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tao Wang
- The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah Scollon
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - Katie Bergstrom
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - Robin A Kerstein
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - Stephanie Gutierrez
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - Andrea K Petersen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Abhishek Bavle
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - Frank Y Lin
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston4The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Dolores H López-Terrada
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston4The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas5Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston6Department of Pathology a
| | - Federico A Monzon
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston6Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - M John Hicks
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston4The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas5Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston6Department of Pathology a
| | - Karen W Eldin
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston6Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Norma M Quintanilla
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston6Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Adekunle M Adesina
- The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas5Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston6Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Carrie A Mohila
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston6Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - William Whitehead
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas8Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - Andrew Jea
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas8Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
| | - Sanjeev A Vasudevan
- The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas8Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston9Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jed G Nuchtern
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston4The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas8Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston9Michael E. DeBakey Departme
| | - Uma Ramamurthy
- Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy L McGuire
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas11Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey G Reid
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Donna M Muzny
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David A Wheeler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas3The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas4The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Stacey L Berg
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston4The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Murali M Chintagumpala
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston4The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Christine M Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas3The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sharon E Plon
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston2Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas3The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, T
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Ritter DI, Petersen AK, Haines KM, Zabriskie RC, Wheeler DA, Plon SE. Abstract 3301: Uncovering novel radiation sensitivity syndromes through exome sequencing. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The study of genetic disorders resulting in heightened sensitivity to ionizing radiation provides important molecular insights to DNA damage checkpoint and repair mechanisms. Individuals with these disorders have an increased risk of cancer and developmental abnormalities. We identified patients with unexplained radiation sensitivity disorders through the Texas Children's Cancer Center and Genetics Consult Service at Texas Children's Hospital. Children were screened for the known disorders prior to enrolling in a research study with whole exome sequencing. SUBJECTS: We identified three families with documented ionizing radiation sensitivity: (1) a sibling pair, one of whom had sternal osteomyelitis and a lung transplant (age 2) and a brother with eosinophilia and pneumonia (age 1); (2) a sibling pair, one child with astrocytoma (age 2) with severe leukoencephalopathy after radiation and a sister with medulloblastoma (age 2) and atypical encapsulated neuroma (age 13); and (3) a proband with leukemia and astrocytoma (age 2). All parents were unaffected. METHODS: We performed Illumina whole exome sequencing of probands and parents (when available), calling single nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions with ATLAS and PINDEL. We removed events >1% in 1079 unaffected normal samples, >1% dbSNP, or > = 20 individuals in Exome Aggregation Consortium. We kept rare missense and truncating variants, and prioritized rare compound heterozygous, homozygous, or mutations shared by affected sibs. RESULTS: In the proband with sternal osteomyelitis and lung transplant, we identified and validated compound heterozygous missense mutations in NDNL2 (MAGEG1), a small, intronless gene. NDNL2 is involved in the SMC5-SMC6 complex, and suggested to play a role in DNA repair. The known functions of NDNL2 may explain the finding of the patient's cells displaying altered phosphorylation upon DNA damage for NBN (absent) and SMC1 (reduced). We are currently investigating the link between mutant NDNL2 and phosphorylation of NBN and SMC1. In kindred 2 (previously shown to transmit a SMARCB1 splice site mutation), the siblings share rare compound heterozygous missense mutations in ROBO1, and a nonsense mutation in MEGF6. In kindred 3, the proband with leukemia and astrocytoma was known to carry a large Xp deletion, but we identified no obvious candidate underlying radiation sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Careful study of rare kindreds with unexplained radiation sensitivity may provide new insights to the DNA damage response. Interestingly, two families also carried a known genetic condition (SMARCB1 mutation and Xp microdeletion) that may explain cancer phenotype but does not appear to underlie radiation sensitivity. The very rare biallelic missense mutations in NDNL2 implicate it as a candidate radiation sensitivity gene to be validated by further functional testing. Both siblings in this family had severe infections resulting in death in early childhood.
Citation Format: Deborah I. Ritter, Andrea K. Petersen, Katherine M. Haines, Ryan C. Zabriskie, David A. Wheeler, Sharon E. Plon. Uncovering novel radiation sensitivity syndromes through exome sequencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3301. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3301
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah I. Ritter
- 1Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, TX
| | - Andrea K. Petersen
- 2Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Texas Children's Hospital Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX
| | - Katherine M. Haines
- 3Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX
| | - Ryan C. Zabriskie
- 2Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Texas Children's Hospital Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX
| | - David A. Wheeler
- 4Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, TX
| | - Sharon E. Plon
- 5Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Texas Children's Hospital Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, TX
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Mikkelsen LR, Mechlenburg I, Søballe K, Jørgensen LB, Mikkelsen S, Bandholm T, Petersen AK. Effect of early supervised progressive resistance training compared to unsupervised home-based exercise after fast-track total hip replacement applied to patients with preoperative functional limitations. A single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:2051-8. [PMID: 25305374 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine if 2 weekly sessions of supervised progressive resistance training (PRT) in combination with 5 weekly sessions of unsupervised home-based exercise is more effective than 7 weekly sessions of unsupervised home-based exercise in improving leg-extension power of the operated leg 10 weeks after total hip replacement (THR) in patients with lower pre-operative function. METHOD A total of 73 patients scheduled for THR were randomised (1:1) to intervention group (IG, home based exercise 5 days/week and PRT 2 days/week) or control group (CG, home based exercise 7 days/week). The primary endpoint was change in leg extension power at 10 week follow up. Secondary outcomes were isometric hip muscle strength, sit-to-stand test, stair climb test, 20 m walking speed and patient-reported outcome (HOOS). RESULTS Sixty-two completed the trial (85%). Leg extension power increased from baseline to the 10 week follow up in both groups; mean [95% CI] IG: 0.29 [0.13; 0.45] and CG: 0.26 [0.10; 0.42] W/kg, with no between-group difference (primary outcome) (P = 0.79). Maximal walking speed (P = 0.008) and stair climb performance (P = 0.04) improved more in the IG compared to CG, no other between-group differences existed. CONCLUSIONS In this trial, supervised PRT twice a week in addition to 5 weekly sessions of unsupervised exercise for 10 weeks was not superior to 7 weekly sessions of unsupervised home-based exercise for 10 weeks in improving the primary outcome, leg-extension power of the operated leg, at the primary endpoint 10 weeks after surgery in THR patients with lower pre-operative function. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01214954.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Mikkelsen
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit, Elective Surgery Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Denmark; Lundbeck Centre for Fast-track Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, Denmark.
| | - I Mechlenburg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - K Søballe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - L B Jørgensen
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit, Elective Surgery Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - S Mikkelsen
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit, Elective Surgery Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Denmark.
| | - T Bandholm
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research - Copenhagen (PMR-C), Department of Physiotherapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - A K Petersen
- Department of Physiotherapy- and Occupational Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Centre of Research in Rehabilitation (CORIR), Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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Frydenberg J, Poulsen K, Petersen AK, Lund A, Olesen OF. Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding EF-1 alpha O, an elongation factor 1-alpha expressed during early development of Xenopus laevis. Gene X 1991; 109:185-92. [PMID: 1765266 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90608-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In Xenopus laevis, the gene encoding the elongation factor 1-alpha variant EF-1 alpha O, where O stands for oocyte, is expressed in oocytes and early embryos. A genomic library from X. laevis was screened with a cDNA probe coding for EF-1 alpha O. Two recombinant phages were isolated, one of which carries an entire EF-1 alpha O gene. This clone was characterized by restriction enzyme mapping and sequencing. Comparison of cDNA and genomic sequences revealed that EF-1 alpha O consists of seven exons spanning about 6.5 kb. The structure of the gene is very homologous to the human EF-1 alpha gene, as all locations of the splice junctions are conserved between the two genes. The sequence immediately upstream from the transcription start point (tsp) contains a CCAAT box, but does not contain either a TATA box or a Sp1-binding site. Interestingly, this sequence has a sequence homologous to the negative regulatory element from the TFIIIA promoter. A region located about 400 bp upstream from the tsp contains an additional number of possible regulatory sequence elements. The first intron contains G + C-rich elements which exist both isolated and as part of longer inverted repeats. Furthermore, one octamer and four Sp1-binding sites are found in this intron.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frydenberg
- Division of Biostructural Chemistry, Aarhus University, Denmark
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13
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Paulsen JE, Reichelt KL, Petersen AK. Purification and characterization of a growth inhibitory hepatic peptide. A preliminary note. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1987; 54:152-4. [PMID: 2894089 DOI: 10.1007/bf02899207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A pentapeptide isolated from normal mouse liver seems to inhibit DNA synthesis (3H-thymidine incorporation into liver DNA and labeling indices) and the mitotic rate (G2-M cell flux) in regenerating mouse liver. The inhibitor is somewhat similar to the growth inhibitory pentapeptides previously reported for granulocytes and epidermis. It is active at very low dose levels, showing a bell-shaped dose-response curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Paulsen
- Institute of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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