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Campbell AA, Silverman AM, Moisander-Joyce H, Wu CC, Mansukhani M, Zanazzi G, Turk A, Canoll PD, Garvin JH, Kazim M, Gartrell-Corrado RD. LGG-22. EVALUATION OF IMMUNE AND GENOMIC CHARACTERISTICS IN PEDIATRIC OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA (ONG). Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715187 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pediatric optic nerve glioma (ONG) is a rare, sight-threatening tumor. We previously reported clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, and molecular characteristics of pediatric ONG patients treated at Columbia University Medical Center between 2000–2017. Here we evaluate this cohort and one additional patient using quantitative multiple immunofluorescence (qmIF) and next generation sequencing (NGS) using the Columbia Combined Cancer Panel (CCCP). For qmIF, 4 micron immuno-blank slides were stained for CD3, CD8, CD68, CD163, HLA-DR, and Olig2. QmIF images were analyzed and data were processed in R studio and compared based on tumor mutation and treatment history. QmIF failed in 1 case and CCCP failed in 2 cases. CCCP confirmed KIAA1549:BRAF fusions in 2 patients, identified NF1 in 2 patients, and demonstrated both a KIAA1549:BRAF fusion and SETD2 mutation in the added case. Qualitative analysis showed immune infiltrate across cases included macrophages (CD68+, 1.6–6.5% of all cells) and T cells (CD3+, 0.4% to 1.5%). Non-cytotoxic T cells (CD3+CD8-) comprised 60.7–100% of the T cell compartment. There was no difference when comparing mutation groups. However, patients who previously received radiation had increased CD3+, specifically CD3+CD8- cells compared to non-irradiated patients (p=0.01 and p<0.01, respectively) while CD3+CD8+ and CD68+ cells were not different between groups (p=0.49 and p=0.27, respectively). In summary, qmIF analysis showed increased tumor infiltration by non-cytotoxic T cells in previously irradiated pediatric ONG patients compared to non-irradiated patients, while there was no difference in macrophages of cytotoxic T cells. This type of analysis may be useful in designing immunotherapeutic strategies for pediatric ONG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Campbell
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew M Silverman
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanna Moisander-Joyce
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheng-Chia Wu
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Radiation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahesh Mansukhani
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pathology, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Zanazzi
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pathology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Turk
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pathology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter D Canoll
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pathology, New York, NY, USA
| | - James H Garvin
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Kazim
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, NY, USA
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Audrey-Bayan C, Trager MH, Gartrell-Corrado RD, Rizk EM, Pradhan J, Silverman AM, Lopez A, Marks DK, Niedt G, Geskin LJ, Saenger YM. Distinguishing melanophages from tumor in melanoma patients treated with talimogene laherparepvec. Melanoma Res 2020; 30:410-415. [PMID: 32379409 PMCID: PMC10961165 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Response to talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) is difficult to assess as pigmented macrophages that have ingested melanoma cells ('melanophages') persist after injection, mimicking melanoma. We used quantitative immunofluorescence (qIF) to (1) distinguish melanophages from melanoma in biopsies from two patients treated with T-Vec and (2) evaluate the tumor microenvironment pretreatment and posttreatment. Tissues were stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, cluster of differentiation (CD) 3, CD8, CD68, human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR), and SRY-Box Transcription Factor 10 (SOX10), and multispectral images were analyzed. Post-T-Vec samples showed melanophages with cytoplasmic costaining of CD68, SOX10, and HLA-DR, without nuclear SOX10 expression. qIF revealed a dense immune infiltrate of CD3, CD8, and CD68 cells in post-T-Vec samples. Melanophages from tumors post-T-Vec stain the nuclear melanoma marker SOX10 in their cytoplasms as compared to melanoma cells that stain nuclear SOX10. This novel finding highlights the phagocytosis of melanoma cell components by macrophages after treatment with T-Vec. qIF may assist pathologists in determining whether lesions treated with immunotherapy contain residual viable melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Audrey-Bayan
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Megan H. Trager
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
| | | | - Emanuelle M. Rizk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Jaya Pradhan
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | | | - Adriana Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | - George Niedt
- Department of Dermatopathology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Larisa J. Geskin
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
| | - Yvonne M. Saenger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
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3
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Gartrell-Corrado RD, Chen AX, Rizk EM, Marks DK, Bogardus MH, Hart TD, Silverman AM, Bayan CAY, Finkel GG, Barker LW, Komatsubara KM, Carvajal RD, Horst BA, Chang R, Monod A, Rabadan R, Saenger YM. Linking Transcriptomic and Imaging Data Defines Features of a Favorable Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Identifies a Combination Biomarker for Primary Melanoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1078-1087. [PMID: 31948941 PMCID: PMC7112471 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Patients with resected stage II-III melanoma have approximately a 35% chance of death from their disease. A deeper understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is required to stratify patients and identify factors leading to therapy resistance. We previously identified that the melanoma immune profile (MIP), an IFN-based gene signature, and the ratio of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to CD68+ macrophages both predict disease-specific survival (DSS). Here, we compared primary with metastatic tumors and found that the nuclei of tumor cells were significantly larger in metastases. The CTL/macrophage ratio was significantly different between primary tumors without distant metastatic recurrence (DMR) and metastases. Patients without DMR had higher degrees of clustering between tumor cells and CTLs, and between tumor cells and HLA-DR+ macrophages, but not HLA-DR- macrophages. The HLA-DR- subset coexpressed CD163+CSF1R+ at higher levels than CD68+HLA-DR+ macrophages, consistent with an M2 phenotype. Finally, combined transcriptomic and multiplex data revealed that densities of CD8 and M1 macrophages correlated with their respective cell phenotype signatures. Combination of the MIP signature with the CTL/macrophage ratio stratified patients into three risk groups that were predictive of DSS, highlighting the potential use of combination biomarkers for adjuvant therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide a deeper understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment by combining multiple modalities to stratify patients into risk groups, a critical step to improving the management of patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew X Chen
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Emanuelle M Rizk
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Douglas K Marks
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Margaret H Bogardus
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Thomas D Hart
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew M Silverman
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Grace G Finkel
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Luke W Barker
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Richard D Carvajal
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Basil A Horst
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rui Chang
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Anthea Monod
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Yvonne M Saenger
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
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4
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Rizk EM, Chen A, Silverman AM, Marks DK, Rabadan R, Fuhrman K, VanSchoiack A, Liang Y, Beechem J, Saenger YM, Gartrell RD. Abstract 2798: High density of CD68+HLA-DR- macrophages in the stroma of primary melanoma correlates with an unfavorable immune microenvironment as assessed by Digital Spatial Profiling. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The role of macrophages (Mϕ) in melanoma progression is controversial, as they have been shown to both favor and inhibit anti-tumor immunity. Density of Mϕ at the leading tumor edge has been shown to be a marker of poor prognosis. In previous work, we used quantitative multiplexed immunofluorescence (qmIF) to discover the ratio of CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) to CD68+ Mϕ in the peritumoral stroma predicts a favorable prognosis. Further, we found that increased proximity of HLA-DR- Mϕ to CTLs in the stroma predicts poor prognosis. These findings highlight the importance of the location of Mϕ within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we further analyze and compare the TME of patients with high and low stromal densities of HLA-DR- Mϕ.
Methods: From a cohort of 104 patients with primary stage II-III melanoma and known survival information, we selected 8 patients for Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) analyses. Of this subcohort, 4 patients had a high density of HLA-DR- Mϕ and close proximity of HLA-DR- Mϕ to CTLs in the stroma while the other 4 had a high CTL to Mϕ ratio with low HLA-DR- Mϕ density, as determined by qmIF (methods published). FFPE slides were stained with antibodies conjugated to UV-photocleavable DNA barcodes and specific to 34 proteins, including CD45, CD4, CD8, CD68, PD-1, and PD-L1. Twelve regions of interest (ROIs) per patient were selected based on high Mϕ density as determined by qmIF. ROIs were then analyzed using UV excitation, which releases DNA barcodes for downstream quantitation on the nanoString nCounter® platform. Protein expression was compared between patients and statistical analysis performed using Mann-Whitney test.
Results: We found that ROIs from patients with higher density of HLA-DR- Mϕ had a lower immune infiltration overall as assessed by quantitation of CD45 per ROI (p<0.0001). As expected, the ratio of CD68 to CD45 was higher in these patients than in patients with lower density of HLA-DR- Mϕ (p<0.0001). Interestingly, patients with higher density of HLA-DR- Mϕ also had a significantly higher ratio of CD4 to CD45 (p<0.0001), but a similar CD8A to CD45 ratio. Patients with a higher HLA-DR- Mϕ density had a higher CD4 to CD8A ratio (p<0.0001). Further, PD-L1 and PD1 levels per CD45 were significantly higher in patients with higher HLA-DR- Mϕ density (p<0.0001 and p=0.0002, respectively).
Conclusion: Patients with higher densities of HLA-DR- Mϕ in the stroma and increased proximity of HLA-DR- Mϕ to CTLs in the tumor stroma have lower levels of CD45, a higher ratio of CD4 to CD8, and a higher ratio of PDL1 and PD1 to CD45 by assessment of Mϕ-rich areas using DSP. These findings highlight the close relation between Mϕ and the local immune microenvironment in primary stage II-III melanoma.
Citation Format: Emanuelle M. Rizk, Andrew Chen, Andrew M. Silverman, Douglas K. Marks, Raul Rabadan, Kit Fuhrman, Alison VanSchoiack, Yan Liang, Joseph Beechem, Yvonne M. Saenger, Robyn D. Gartrell. High density of CD68+HLA-DR- macrophages in the stroma of primary melanoma correlates with an unfavorable immune microenvironment as assessed by Digital Spatial Profiling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2798.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Liang
- 4NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA
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5
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Zhao J, Chen AX, Gartrell RD, Silverman AM, Aparicio L, Chu T, Bordbar D, Shan D, Samanamud J, Mahajan A, Filip I, Orenbuch R, Goetz M, Yamaguchi JT, Cloney M, Horbinski C, Lukas RV, Raizer J, Rae AI, Yuan J, Canoll P, Bruce JN, Saenger YM, Sims P, Iwamoto FM, Sonabend AM, Rabadan R. Immune and genomic correlates of response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in glioblastoma. Nat Med 2019; 25:462-469. [PMID: 30742119 PMCID: PMC6810613 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been successful across several tumor types; however, their efficacy has been uncommon and unpredictable in glioblastomas (GBM), where <10% of patients show long-term responses. To understand the molecular determinants of immunotherapeutic response in GBM, we longitudinally profiled 66 patients, including 17 long-term responders, during standard therapy and after treatment with PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab or pembrolizumab). Genomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant enrichment of PTEN mutations associated with immunosuppressive expression signatures in non-responders, and an enrichment of MAPK pathway alterations (PTPN11, BRAF) in responders. Responsive tumors were also associated with branched patterns of evolution from the elimination of neoepitopes as well as with differences in T cell clonal diversity and tumor microenvironment profiles. Our study shows that clinical response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in GBM is associated with specific molecular alterations, immune expression signatures, and immune infiltration that reflect the tumor's clonal evolution during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew X Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robyn D Gartrell
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/SCT, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew M Silverman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/SCT, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis Aparicio
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tim Chu
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darius Bordbar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/SCT, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/SCT, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge Samanamud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aayushi Mahajan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ioan Filip
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rose Orenbuch
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Morgan Goetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan T Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Cloney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rimas V Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey Raizer
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali I Rae
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jinzhou Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yvonne M Saenger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Sims
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabio M Iwamoto
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Raul Rabadan
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Vasdekis AE, Alanazi H, Silverman AM, Williams CJ, Canul AJ, Cliff JB, Dohnalkova AC, Stephanopoulos G. Eliciting the impacts of cellular noise on metabolic trade-offs by quantitative mass imaging. Nat Commun 2019; 10:848. [PMID: 30783105 PMCID: PMC6381102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08717-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimal metabolic trade-offs between growth and productivity are key constraints in strain optimization by metabolic engineering; however, how cellular noise impacts these trade-offs and drives the emergence of subpopulations with distinct resource allocation strategies, remains largely unknown. Here, we introduce a single-cell strategy for quantifying the trade-offs between triacylglycerol production and growth in the oleaginous microorganism Yarrowia lipolytica. The strategy relies on high-throughput quantitative-phase imaging and, enabled by nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses and dedicated image processing, allows us to image how resources are partitioned between growth and productivity. Enhanced precision over population-averaging biotechnologies and conventional microscopy demonstrates how cellular noise impacts growth and productivity differently. As such, subpopulations with distinct metabolic trade-offs emerge, with notable impacts on strain performance and robustness. By quantifying the self-degradation of cytosolic macromolecules under nutrient-limiting conditions, we discover the cell-to-cell heterogeneity in protein and fatty-acid recycling, unmasking a potential bet-hedging strategy under starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Vasdekis
- Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
| | - H Alanazi
- Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - A M Silverman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - C J Williams
- Department of Statistical Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - A J Canul
- Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - J B Cliff
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - A C Dohnalkova
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - G Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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7
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Vasdekis AE, Silverman AM, Stephanopoulos G. Exploiting Bioprocessing Fluctuations to Elicit the Mechanistics of De Novo Lipogenesis in Yarrowia lipolytica. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168889. [PMID: 28052085 PMCID: PMC5215641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial achievements in elucidating the metabolic pathways of lipogenesis, a mechanistic representation of lipid accumulation and degradation has not been fully attained to-date. Recent evidence suggests that lipid accumulation can occur through increases of either the cytosolic copy-number of lipid droplets (LDs), or the LDs size. However, the prevailing phenotype, or how such mechanisms pertain to lipid degradation remain poorly understood. To address this shortcoming, we employed the-recently discovered-innate bioprocessing fluctuations in Yarrowia lipolytica, and performed single-cell fluctuation analysis using optical microscopy and microfluidics that generate a quasi-time invariant microenvironment. We report that lipid accumulation at early stationary phase in rich medium is substantially more likely to occur through variations in the LDs copy-number, rather than the LDs size. Critically, these mechanistics are also preserved during lipid degradation, as well as upon exposure to a protein translation inhibitor. The latter condition additionally induced a lipid accumulation phase, accompanied by the downregulation of lipid catabolism. Our results enable an in-depth mechanistic understanding of lipid biogenesis, and expand longitudinal single-cell fluctuation analyses from gene regulation to metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas E. Vasdekis
- Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AEV); (GS)
| | - Andrew M. Silverman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AEV); (GS)
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8
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Silverman AM, Qiao K, Xu P, Stephanopoulos G. Functional overexpression and characterization of lipogenesis-related genes in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:3781-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Vasdekis AE, Silverman AM, Stephanopoulos G. Origins of Cell-to-Cell Bioprocessing Diversity and Implications of the Extracellular Environment Revealed at the Single-Cell Level. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17689. [PMID: 26657999 PMCID: PMC4677318 DOI: 10.1038/srep17689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprocess limitations imposed by microbial cell-to-cell phenotypic diversity remain poorly understood. To address this, we investigated the origins of such culture diversity during lipid production and assessed the impact of the fermentation microenvironment. We measured the single-cell lipid production dynamics in a time-invariant microfluidic environment and discovered that production is not monotonic, but rather sporadic with time. To characterize this, we introduce bioprocessing noise and identify its epigenetic origins. We linked such intracellular production fluctuations with cell-to-cell productivity diversity in culture. This unmasked the phenotypic diversity amplification by the culture microenvironment, a critical parameter in strain engineering as well as metabolic disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Vasdekis
- Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.,Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - A M Silverman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - G Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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10
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Wittig JC, Villalobos CE, Hayden BL, Choi I, Silverman AM, Malawer M. Osteosarcoma of the proximal tibia: limb-sparing resection and reconstruction with a modular segmental proximal tibia tumor prosthesis. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:3021. [PMID: 20607421 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A limb-sparing resection was performed for osteosarcoma of the proximal tibia in a young patient. A special modular segmental proximal tibial endoprosthesis that includes a hinged total knee component was used for reconstruction. A medial gastrocnemius rotational flap was utilized to reconstruct the extensor mechanism of the knee. The muscle flap aids in covering the prosthesis and helps to protect against infection. Limb-sparing resection for tumors arising from the proximal tibia, and reconstruction with a modular segmental proximal tibia tumor prosthesis and gastrocnemius muscle flap, is a safe and reliable method for treating tumors involving this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Wittig
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Bernstein EA, Eberli FR, Silverman AM, Horowitz GL, Apstein CS. Beneficial effects of felodipine on myocardial and coronary function during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1996; 10:167-78. [PMID: 8842509 DOI: 10.1007/bf00823595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An acute coronary occlusion causes severe low-flow ischemia in the occluded region. Calcium antagonists have the potential to reduce the rate of ischemic injury by decreasing myocardial oxygen demand, as well as by other mechanisms, especially when given prior to the onset of ischemia. However, their clinical use may be limited by their negative inotropic effects. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of felodipine as a potentially protective agent against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, independent of any negative inotropic actions, when given after the onset of low-flow ischemia. Isolated isovolumic (balloon-in-LV), blood-perfused rabbit hearts, paced at a constant heart rate, were subjected to 90 minutes of low-flow ischemia at a coronary perfusion pressure of 10 mmHg, which reduced coronary blood flow to 22-24% of baseline. After 15 minutes of low-flow ischemia, hearts received 2 x 10(-6) M felodipine (n = 7) or no drug (controls, n = 8). Felodipine was given until 15 minutes of reperfusion. During low-flow ischemia both groups of hearts had identical coronary blood flow, heart rate, left ventricular (LV) developed pressure, lactate production, and O2 consumption. However, felodipine markedly protected against ischemic diastolic dysfunction. At the end of low-flow ischemia, LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) had increased from 10 +/- 1 to 28 +/- 5 mmHg in the felodipine group, while in the controls LVEDP increased to 48 +/- 8 mmHg (p < 0.05). During 30 minutes of reperfusion, felodipine had a beneficial effect upon coronary blood flow (initial postischemic hyperemia 245 +/- 38% of baseline in the felodipine group vs. 124 +/- 18% in the controls; p < 0.01) Felodipine markedly improved the recovery of contractile function [LV developed pressure recovered from a baseline of 104 +/- 4 to 75 +/- 6 mmHg (72%) in the felodipine group vs. 34 +/- 10 mmHg (32%) in the control group; p < 0.01], as well as diastolic function (LVEDP = 25 +/- 4 mmHg in the felodipine group vs. 61 +/- 10 mmHg in the controls; p < 0.05), and ATP levels (8.5 +/- 1.4 mumoles/g d.w. in the felodipine group vs. 3.9 +/- 1.4 mumoles/g d.w. in the control group, p < 0.05). Felodipine, given after the onset of low-flow ischemia, protects the myocardium during both ischemia and reperfusion by mechanisms other than reducing myocardial oxygen demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Bernstein
- Cardiac Muscle Research Laboratory, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
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Abstract
A prospective case-controlled study was carried out to evaluate the effect of an enforced move of elderly dementia sufferers from a large psychiatric hospital to smaller units in two general district hospitals. Changes in behaviour and nursing dependency, and mortality rate were used as outcome variables. The main finding was that a large proportion of the sample showed significant depressive behaviour following transfer. A significant degree of disturbed behaviour and disorientation remained 3 months after the move. There was some increase in the mortality rate of the group transferred relative to a comparison group but this did not reach statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Anthony
- Community Team for Mental Health in the Elderly, Hither Green Hospital, London
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