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Essahale A, Nia F, Sfendla A, Moumni M. Finger printing-RFLP analysis of chromosomal IS6110 insertion sequence and PCR diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, isolated from patients in El Hajeb region of Morocco. Indian J Tuberc 2024; 71:117-122. [PMID: 38589114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the contagious diseases caused by M. tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Prompt diagnosis is one of the active solutions to control the spread of this infection. Besides, a targeted, specific and non-complex diagnosis can prove promising in this type of epidemic. This study was designed to compare the efficiencies of a diagnosis by Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZN) and by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Samples presented smear-positive pulmonary TB were subjected to Chromosomal restriction fragment length polymorphism of IS6110 (IS6110-RFLP) for fingerprinting profile determination. The results showed that out of 100 sputum samples of suspected case, 53 were positive. Numbers of positive individuals for tuberculosis obtained by the different diagnostic techniques, to know, (ZN staining; culture and PCR) were respectively: 6, 25 and 22. Chromosomal RFLP fingerprinting profile revealed the presence of five different genotypes obtained from seven tested isolates. These results suggest that molecular techniques are alternative tool for fast and specific diagnosis of pulmonary MTB from sputum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Essahale
- Graduate Normal School (ENS), Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Fouad Nia
- Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Diagnostic Center. Provincial Delegation of Health in El Hajeb, 1 Km Route South of Azrou AV Med V, ElHajeb, Morocco
| | - Anis Sfendla
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, BP 57, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mohieddine Moumni
- Moulay Ismaïl University of Meknès, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Meknès, Morocco
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Sfendla A, Bador K, Paganelli M, Kerekes N. Swedish High School Students' Drug and Alcohol Use Habits throughout 2020. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16928. [PMID: 36554808 PMCID: PMC9779023 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study describes gender-specific patterns in alcohol and drug use among Swedish high school students throughout 2020 and questions the current cutoffs for identifying addiction in this population. From September 2020 to February 2021, 1590 Swedish upper secondary high school students (mean age 17.15 years, age range 15-19 years, 39.6% male, and 60.4% female) completed the anonymous, electronic survey of the Mental and Somatic Health without borders study. The respondents reported their substance use habits during the previous 12 months using the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). They also answered questions about changes in their alcohol and illegal drug use habits after the COVID-19 outbreak. No gender differences were detected in the prevalence and degree of alcohol use. Compared to female adolescents, significantly more male adolescents used drugs (and to a significantly higher degree, although with a small effect size). Substance use problems peaked in females at age 17 and in males at age 18. The COVID-19 outbreak affected alcohol consumption and illegal drug use in male and female adolescents similarly. For both genders, of those who used illegal drugs, over 40% reported increased use after the outbreak. Our results reinforce previous suggestions of the narrowing of gender differences in Swedish adolescents' risk behaviors and challenge the previously validated gender-specific cutoffs for the AUDIT and DUDIT. An improved understanding of the impacts of gender diversity and evolving gender roles and norms on behaviors and mental health is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Sfendla
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
- Center for Holistic Psychiatry Research (CHoPy), 431 60 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kourosh Bador
- Center for Holistic Psychiatry Research (CHoPy), 431 60 Mölndal, Sweden
- AGERA KBT, 411 38 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michela Paganelli
- Center for Holistic Psychiatry Research (CHoPy), 431 60 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- Center for Holistic Psychiatry Research (CHoPy), 431 60 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden
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Ksiksou J, Maskour L, Sfendla A, Alaoui MS. Psychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of the Perceived Stress Scale in clinical practicum: Validity and reliability in the Moroccan nursing students. J Educ Health Promot 2022; 11:327. [PMID: 36568015 PMCID: PMC9768748 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_598_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During clinical practicum, nursing students are subjected to stressors that can affect their well-being, academic performance, and technical skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Perceived Stress Scale of Clinical Practicum (PSS-CP) in a sample of Moroccan nursing students. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a translation and back-translation method and comparisons were made with the original version. The study population consisted of 215 nursing students. The construct validity of PSS-CP was measured using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent validity was demonstrated by correlation with the Arabic version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). For reliability, Cronbach's alpha and test-re-test reliability (with a 10-day interval) were used. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics V. 23.0 (SPSS) and AMOS V.21.0 (SPSS) software. RESULTS The results showed that the PSS-CP is a reliable and valid scale with good internal consistency and test-re-test reliability. In terms of convergent validity, the PSS-CP showed a positive and significant correlation with the DASS-21 scale items. The results of this study led to a two-factor model consisting of 29 items. CONCLUSION The PSS-CP is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing clinical stressors among nursing students in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Ksiksou
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Sociology and Psychology, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco
| | - Lhoussaine Maskour
- Laboratory of Science and Technology Research (LRST), ESEF, Agadir, Morocco
- Regional Center for Education and Training Professions (CRMEF), Dakhala Oued Eddahab, Morocco
| | - Anis Sfendla
- Department of High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Errachidia, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine 52000, Errachidia
| | - Moulay Smail Alaoui
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Sociology and Psychology, Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco
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Sfendla A, Martinsson B, Filipovic Y, Senhaji M, Kerekes N. Psychological distress in a sample of Moroccan prisoners with drug-dependence. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2022; 66:1093-1108. [PMID: 33882747 PMCID: PMC9245157 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x211010286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research regarding mental illness and drug addiction among inmates in Morocco requires increased knowledge; previous literature reported that prisoners suffer from severe psychological distress. The present study aimed to provide information about Moroccan prisoners' psychological distress and define the differences in psychological distress levels among inmates with and without drug-dependence. A sample of 177 male inmates completed a set of surveys, including the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). The "Drug dependence" group scored significantly higher psychological distress levels in each of the BSI domains. The strongest differences were measured in the General Severity Index (GSI), hostility, and depression scales. Moroccan prison inmates have high psychological distress, and those with drug-dependence have even higher. There is a need of psychiatric assessment, selection, and care possibilities in prison inmate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Sfendla
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Errachidia, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Moulay Ismail University, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Björn Martinsson
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Ylva Filipovic
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Meftaha Senhaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
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Abstract
In Morocco, as in many countries, COVID-19 spread nationwide causing a public health emergency. Strict quarantine measures implemented as a result of the pandemic have disrupted many aspects of people's lives, triggering psychological distress. A total of 256 participants were recruited through a convenience sample. Data were collected through snowball sampling, an assessment of distress symptoms using the Brief Symptoms Inventory, and an assessment of leisure-time physical activity using the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Significant changes in paranoid ideation (z = -2.45, P = .01) and interpersonal sensitivity (z = -2.01, P = .04) dimensions were noted between those who were and those who were not authorized to leave their homes during quarantine. Similarly, for physical activity, significant changes in depression (z = -2.15, P = .03), anxiety (z = -2.13, P = .03), interpersonal sensitivity (z = -1.95, P = .05), and somatization (z = -2.11, P = .03) were reported among the insufficiently active group compared with the more physically active group. From multiple regression analysis, variables correlated with general distress were type of quarantine, gender, age, education level, chronic disease, and smoking (R2 = .80). With some variables, leisure-time physical activity domains appeared to be associated only with interpersonal sensitivity and somatization. Having to leave one's home during the outbreak was linked to distress, especially symptoms like suspiciousness, hostility, fearful thoughts of losing autonomy, and feelings of inadequacy, uneasiness, and discomfort during interpersonal interactions. Individuals who were moderately or sufficiently active physically reported less psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Sfendla
- Anis Sfendla, PhD, is a Professor, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Errachidia, and a Member, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan; and Fatine Hadrya, PhD, is a Professor, Unit of Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, High Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan 1st University, Settat, and a Member, Laboratory of Genetics and Biometry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra; all in Morocco
| | - Fatine Hadrya
- Anis Sfendla, PhD, is a Professor, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Errachidia, and a Member, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan; and Fatine Hadrya, PhD, is a Professor, Unit of Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, High Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan 1st University, Settat, and a Member, Laboratory of Genetics and Biometry, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra; all in Morocco
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Zouini B, Sfendla A, Senhaji M, Råstam M, Kerekes N. Somatic health and its association with negative psychosocial factors in a sample of Moroccan adolescents. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119852527. [PMID: 31205702 PMCID: PMC6535729 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119852527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a distinct developmental phase characterized by multiple physical and psychological changes and by an increased vulnerability to somatic and mental health problems. These risk and vulnerability factors are part of a complex biopsychosocial matrix, encompassing multiple factors, such as inherited biological determinants and psychological, societal, and cultural influences, which affect an adolescent’s overall wellbeing. In Morocco, similar to other developing countries, adolescents (young people aged from 15 to 19 years) constitute a substantial proportion of the population (almost 9%). However, studies about adolescents’ health in developing countries are scarce. In this study, we describe adolescents’ somatic health in a sample of high school students from the city of Tetouan, Morocco, and investigate how negative psychosocial factors, such as parental alcohol use problems and/or the experience of abuse, may influence them. Methods: The study sample included 655 adolescents (315 boys and 340 girls, M = 16.64 years, range = 15–18 years) from conviniently selected classes of four high schools in the city of Tetouan in Morocco. The students responded to a survey that assessed the prevalence of somatic complaints/disorders. They also indicated whether they had ever experienced physical and/or psychological abuse and whether they had parents with alcohol use problems. Results: More than half of the adolescents suffered from headaches and one-third had substantial problems with diarrhea or constipation. Both problems were more common in female students. The third most frequent somatic problem, affecting one in four in both genders, was allergy. Almost one-third of Moroccan adolescents (significantly more boys than girls; p = 0.004) reported no somatic complaints. In adolescents who reported parental alcohol use problems and/or experience of physical and/or psychological abuse, the prevalence of several somatic complaints (epilepsy, migraine, headache, diarrhea/constipation, gluten intolerance, allergy, and skin or thyroid disease) increased highly significantly compared to the adolescents who reported no such psychosocial environmental factors. Conclusion: The results suggest that only 3 in 10 urban-living Moroccan adolescents are free of somatic complaints, while the majority suffer from some somatic problems, most often headaches and diarrhea/constipation. The association of certain negative psychosocial factors with adolescents’ somatic health suggests the need of a holistic approach to the treatment of affected adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Btissame Zouini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Anis Sfendla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Meftaha Senhaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Maria Råstam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
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Zouini B, Sfendla A, Hedman Ahlström B, Senhaji M, Kerekes N. Mental health profile and its relation with parental alcohol use problems and/or the experience of abuse in a sample of Moroccan high school students: an explorative study. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2019; 18:27. [PMID: 31889971 PMCID: PMC6923982 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-019-0251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on mental health are scarce from Arab countries, especially studies focusing on adolescents. In addition to the neurobiological and physiological changes that occur during adolescent development, psychological, societal and cultural influences have strong effects on adolescents' behavior and on their somatic and mental health. The present study aimed (1) to describe the mental health profile, operationalized as psychological distress, of a sample of Moroccan adolescents, and (2) to investigate how specific psychosocial factors (parental alcohol use problems and the experience of physical and/or psychological abuse) may affect adolescents' mental health. METHODS The sample included 375 adolescents from conveniently selected classes of four high schools in the city of Tetouan in Morocco. The participants responded to an anonymous survey containing, beside other inventories, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and identified those reporting parental alcohol use problems and/or the previous experience of abuse. The sample characteristics were defined using descriptive statistics. The effects of the defined psychosocial factors were identified using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the post hoc Fisher's least significant difference test. RESULTS The most common problems found in high school students from an urban region of Morocco were memory problems, concentration difficulties, restlessness, fear, nervosity and feelings of inadequacy during interpersonal interactions. The female students reported significantly higher psychological distress levels when compared to the male students (p < 0.001). The adolescents reporting parental alcohol use problems and the experience of physical/psychological abuse showed significantly higher levels of psychological distress (p = 0.02), especially symptoms of somatization (p < 0.001), hostility (p = 0.005) and anxiety (p = 0.01), than those not reporting any of these psychosocial factors. CONCLUSION The mental health profile of female adolescents from an urban area of Morocco is worse than that of their male fellow students. Adolescents reporting parental alcohol use problems and/or the experience of physical/psychological abuse need synchronized support from social- and healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Btissame Zouini
- 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Anis Sfendla
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Errachidia, Morocco
| | | | - Meftaha Senhaji
- 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- 3Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
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Sfendla A, Lemrani D, Ahlström BH, Senhaji M, Kerekes N. Risk and protective factors for drug dependence in two Moroccan high-risk male populations. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5930. [PMID: 30425901 PMCID: PMC6230435 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use is linked to biological, environmental, and social factors. This study provides insights on protective and risk factors for drug dependence in two Moroccan, high-risk, male samples. METHODS Data from the "Mental and Somatic Health without borders" (MeSHe) survey were utilized in the present study. The MeSHe survey assesses somatic and mental health parameters by self-report from prison inmates (n = 177) and outpatients from an addiction institution (n = 54). The "Drug dependence" and the "No drug dependence" groups were identified based on the Arabic version of the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test's (DUDIT) validated cutoff for identifying individuals with drug dependence, specifically in Morocco. RESULTS The majority of participants who had at least high school competence (67.6%), were living in a partnership (53.7%), were a parent (43.1%), and/or had a job (86.8%) belonged to the "No drug dependence" group, while the presence of mental health problems was typical among the "Drug dependence" group (47.4%). A multivariable regression model (χ2 (df = 5, N = 156) = 63.90, p < 0.001) revealed that the presence of depression diagnosis remains a significant risk factor, while a higher level of education, having a child, and being employed are protective factors from drug dependence. DISCUSSION Findings support the importance of increasing academic competence and treating depression as prevention from the persistence of drug addiction in male high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Sfendla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Dina Lemrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | | | - Meftaha Senhaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
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Sfendla A, Malmström P, Torstensson S, Kerekes N. Yoga Practice Reduces the Psychological Distress Levels of Prison Inmates. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:407. [PMID: 30233428 PMCID: PMC6129942 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psychiatric ill-health is prevalent among prison inmates and often hampers their rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is crucial for reducing recidivistic offending. A few studies have presented evidence of the positive effect of yoga on the well-being of prison inmates. The conclusion of those previous studies that yoga is an effective method in the rehabilitation process of inmates, and deserves and requires further attention. Aims: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of 10 weeks of yoga practice on the mental health profile, operationalized in the form of psychological distress, of inmates. Methods: One hundred and fifty-two volunteer participants (133 men; 19 women) were randomly placed in either of two groups: to participate in weekly 90-min yoga class (yoga group) or a weekly 90-min free-choice physical exercise (control group). The study period lasted for 10 weeks. Prior to and at the end of the study period the participants completed a battery of self-reported inventories, including the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Results: Physical activity (including yoga) significantly reduced the inmates' levels of psychological distress. Yoga practice improved all primary symptom dimensions and its positive effect on the obsessive-compulsive, paranoid ideation, and somatization symptom dimensions of the BSI stayed significant even when comparing with the control group. Conclusions: Yoga as a form of physical activity is effective for reducing psychological distress levels in prison inmates, with specific effect on symptoms such as suspicious and fearful thoughts about losing autonomy, memory problems, difficulty in making decisions, trouble concentrating, obsessive thought, and perception of bodily dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Sfendla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Petter Malmström
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Sara Torstensson
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
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Sfendla A, Laita M, Nejjar B, Souirti Z, Touhami AAO, Senhaji M. Reliability of the Arabic Smartphone Addiction Scale and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version in Two Different Moroccan Samples. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 2018; 21:325-332. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2017.0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anis Sfendla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Meriame Laita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Basma Nejjar
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, UnilabLg -CIRM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biological Assays, Department of Biology, Team of Food and Nutritional Transition (ETAN), Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Zouhayr Souirti
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, Morocco
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and pharmacy, University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ahami Ahmed Omar Touhami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Centre of Clinical Neuroscience and Applied Nutrition, University Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Meftaha Senhaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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Ed-Dra A, Filali FR, El Allaoui A, Sfendla A. Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens in sausages sold in Meknes city, Morocco. Open Vet J 2017; 7:323-327. [PMID: 29201661 PMCID: PMC5694827 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v7i4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Morocco, the consumption of meat products has experienced a sharp increase in recent years despite the presence of pathogenic bacteria due to hygiene failure. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of Clostridium perfringens in sausages sold in Meknes city (Morocco) and to study the different factors affecting it contamination with this bacterium. To this end, 156 samples of sausages were taken in various shopping sites during one year from March 2014 to February 2015. The microbiological analysis was carried out using the specific medium for isolation and identification of C. perfringens. ANOVA test was used for Statistical analysis (p< 0.05). The results of this study showed the presence of C. perfringens in 77.56% (121 of 156) samples, with 88.88% (32 of 36) in street vendors, 79.16% (19 of 24) in a weekly market, 70.83% (51 of 72) in butchery and 62.5% (15 of 24) in a supermarket. The average rate was 2.42 Log CFU/g, with a minimum value of 0 CFU/g recorded in several outlets and a maximum value of 6.05 Log CFU/g recorded in butchery. This study reveals that the contamination rate of sausages with C. perfringens is related to the sausages origin, retail sites and seasonal variations related to temperature increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ed-Dra
- Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Science, BP. 11201 Zitoune Meknes, Morocco
| | - Fouzia Rhazi Filali
- Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Science, BP. 11201 Zitoune Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdellah El Allaoui
- Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Moulay Ismail University Faculty of Science, BP. 11201 Zitoune Meknes, Morocco
| | - Anis Sfendla
- Team of Physiology and physiopathology, Department of Biology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University Faculty of Sciences, BP.2121 M'Hannech II Tetouan, Morocco
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Falk Ö, Sfendla A, Brändström S, Anckarsäter H, Nilsson T, Kerekes N. Personality and trait aggression profiles of male and female prison inmates. Psychiatry Res 2017; 250:302-309. [PMID: 28279310 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gender specific personality profiles in association with the level of aggressive antisocial behavior in offenders have not been previously investigated. In the present study we analyzed data collected from 65 male and 50 female offenders using structured protocols regarding criminal history (by criminal register data), trait aggression (by the Life History of Aggression (LHA) questionnaire), and personality profiles (by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)). Prison inmates differed significantly on several personality dimensions, most pronouncedly were they characterized with low character maturity (low scores in the Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness dimensions of TCI) when compared to gender and age matched controls of the general population. The majority of offenders scored distinctively high on trait aggression. There were moderate to strong associations between the personality dimensions and each of the subscales of LHA (Aggression, Self-directed Aggression and Antisocial behavior). These associations were stronger in the female offender sample. Trait aggression could be best explained by a model, which included male gender, younger age, high novelty seeking temperament and low character maturity. Our results suggest that therapies aiming at strengthening self-governance and increasing cooperativeness (focusing on character maturity) may alleviate aggressive antisocial behavior in offenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Örjan Falk
- CELAM (Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health), University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anis Sfendla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Sven Brändström
- Center for Well-being Washington University, School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- CELAM (Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nilsson
- CELAM (Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health), University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden; Swedish Prison and Probation Services, R&E, Gothenburg, Sweden
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