1
|
Mphonda S, Dussault J, Bengtson A, Gaynes BN, Go V, Hosseinipour MC, Kulisewa K, Kutengule A, Meltzer-Brody S, Udedi M, Pence B. Preferences for enhanced treatment options to address HIV care engagement among women living with HIV and perinatal depression in Malawi. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1922. [PMID: 37794350 PMCID: PMC10552213 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Option B + offers lifelong ART to pregnant or breastfeeding mothers, but postpartum loss to HIV care, partially driven by perinatal depression (PND), threatens the impact of this policy. This study aims to understand women's and providers' preferences for developing a feasible intervention to address PND and support engagement in HIV care among women living with PND and HIV. METHODS We conducted a total of 6 focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 4 clinics in Lilongwe District from December 2018 through February 2019. We conducted 2 FGDs each among 3 stakeholder groups: clinical staff, prenatal women, and postnatal women. Perinatal participants were living with HIV and screened positively for PND using the validated Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Clinical staff were nurses who were trained antiretroviral therapy (ART) providers. Interviewers led FGDs in Chichewa using a semi-structured guide. Data were analyzed using deductive and inductive coding in NVivo 12 software. RESULTS Women favored ART linkage services, but providers said they already offered such services, with mixed results. Individual counselling was universally supported. A perceived benefit of group counselling was peer support, but there were concerns among women regarding confidentiality and stigma. Women liked mobile appointment reminders but identified low phone ownership as a barrier. Participants recommended home visits as an additional care engagement strategy. Women consistently discussed the need for social support from family members and friends to address PND and support engagement in HIV care. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of peer encouragement to support perinatal HIV care engagement among women with HIV and PND. The results from this study can be used to support intervention development to increase HIV care engagement and improve long-term HIV outcomes in women with PND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Mphonda
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi.
| | - Josée Dussault
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Angela Bengtson
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bradley N Gaynes
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vivian Go
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mina C Hosseinipour
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kazione Kulisewa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Samantha Meltzer-Brody
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael Udedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Brian Pence
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kulisewa K, Dussault JM, Gaynes BN, Hosseinipour MC, Go VF, Kutengule A, LeMasters K, Meltzer-Brody S, Midiani D, Mphonda SM, Udedi M, Pence BW, Bengtson AM. The feasibility and acceptability of a task-shifted intervention for perinatal depression among women living with HIV in Malawi: a qualitative analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:833. [PMID: 36581849 PMCID: PMC9798611 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal depression (PND) is prevalent and negatively impacts HIV care among women living with HIV (WLHIV), yet PND remains under-identified in Malawian WLHIV. Accordingly, this formative study explored perceptions of the feasibility and acceptability of an integrated, task-shifted approach to PND screening and treatment in maternity clinics. METHODS We completed consecutive PND screenings of HIV+ women attending pre- or post-natal appointments at 5 clinics in Lilongwe district, Malawi. We conducted in-depth interviews with the first 4-5 women presenting with PND per site (n = 24 total) from July to August 2018. PND classification was based on a score ≥ 10 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). We conducted 10 additional in-depth interviews with HIV and mental health providers at the 5 clinics. RESULTS Most participants endorsed the feasibility of integrated PND screening, as they believed that PND had potential for significant morbidity. Among providers, identified barriers to screening were negative staff attitudes toward additional work, inadequate staffing numbers and time constraints. Suggested solutions to barriers were health worker training, supervision, and a brief screening tool. Patient-centered counselling strategies were favored over medication by WLHIV as the acceptable treatment of choice, with providers supporting the role of medication to be restricted to severe depression. Providers identified nurses as the most suitable health workers to deliver task-shifted interventions and emphasized further training as a requirement to ensure successful task shifting. CONCLUSION Improving PND in a simple, task-shifted intervention is essential for supporting mental health among women with PND and HIV. Our results suggest that an effective PND intervention for this population should include a brief, streamlined PND screening questionnaire and individualized counselling for those who have PND, with supplemental support groups and depression medication readily available. These study results support the development of a PND intervention to address the gap in treatment of PND and HIV among WLHIV in Malawi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazione Kulisewa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Private Bag 360, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Josée M Dussault
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Bradley N Gaynes
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mina C Hosseinipour
- UNC-Project Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vivian F Go
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Katherine LeMasters
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samantha Meltzer-Brody
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian W Pence
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Angela M Bengtson
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
LeMasters K, Dussault J, Barrington C, Bengtson A, Gaynes B, Go V, Hosseinipour MC, Kulisewa K, Kutengule A, Meltzer-Brody S, Midiani D, Mphonda S, Udedi M, Pence B. "Pain in my heart": Understanding perinatal depression among women living with HIV in Malawi. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227935. [PMID: 32502150 PMCID: PMC7274419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal depression (PND) can interfere with HIV care engagement and outcomes. We examined experiences of PND among women living with HIV (WLWH) in Malawi. METHODS We screened 73 WLWH presenting for perinatal care in Lilongwe, Malawi using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). We conducted qualitative interviews with 24 women experiencing PND and analyzed data using inductive and deductive coding and narrative analysis. RESULTS Women experienced a double burden of physical and mental illness, expressed as pain in one's heart. Receiving an HIV diagnosis unexpectedly during antenatal care was a key contributor to developing PND. This development was influenced by stigmatization and social support. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the need to recognize the mental health implications of routine screening for HIV and to routinely screen and treat PND among WLWH. Culturally appropriate mental health interventions are needed in settings with a high HIV burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine LeMasters
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Josée Dussault
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Clare Barrington
- Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Angela Bengtson
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Bradley Gaynes
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vivian Go
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mina C. Hosseinipour
- UNC-Project Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | | | - Samantha Meltzer-Brody
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | | | - Michael Udedi
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Brian Pence
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bengtson AM, Kumwenda W, Lurie M, Kutengule A, Go V, Miller WC, Cui E, Owino M, Hosseinipour M. Beyond mobile phones: exploring using technology to support sustained engagement in care for HIV-infected women on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Care 2020; 32:959-964. [PMID: 32138524 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2020.1737639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Disengagement from HIV care has emerged as a challenge to the success of universal test and treat strategies for HIV-infected women. Technology may enhance efforts to monitor and support engagement in HIV care, but implementation barriers and facilitators need to be evaluated. We conducted a mixed-method study among HIV-infected, pregnant women and healthcare workers (HCWs) in Malawi to evaluate barriers and facilitators to three technologies to support monitoring HIV care: (1) text messaging, (2) SIM card scanning and (3) biometric fingerprint scanning. We included 123 HIV-infected, pregnant women and 85 HCWs in a survey, 8 focus group discussions and 5 in-depth interviews. Biometric fingerprint scanning emerged as the preferred strategy to monitor engagement in HIV care. Among HCWs, 70% felt biometrics were very feasible, while 48% thought text messaging and SIM card scanning were feasible. Nearly three quarters (72%) of surveyed women reported they would be very comfortable using biometrics to monitor HIV appointments. Barriers to using text messaging and SIM card scanning included low phone ownership (35%), illiteracy concerns, and frequent selling or changing of mobile phones. Future work is needed to explore the feasibly of implementing biometric fingerprint scanning or other technologies to monitor engagement in HIV care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Bengtson
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Mark Lurie
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Vivian Go
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William C Miller
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric Cui
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael Owino
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mina Hosseinipour
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bengtson AM, Go V, Kumwenda W, Lurie M, Kutengule A, Owino M, Hosseinipour M. "A way of escaping": a qualitative study exploring reasons for clinic transferring and its impact on engagement in care among women in Option B. AIDS Care 2019; 32:72-75. [PMID: 31067986 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1614521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinic transfers among women in Option B+ are frequent, often undocumented, and may lead to suboptimal engagement in care and HIV outcomes. The reasons women move between HIV clinics are not well understood. We conducted four focus group discussions (FGD) among HIV-infected pregnant women in Option B+ and four FGDs and five in-depth interviews among healthcare workers (HCWs) at two large ART clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi. Mobility and fear of inadvertent HIV disclosure, particularly due to seeing neighbors or acquaintances at a clinic, were key drivers of transferring between HIV clinics. Women were aware of the need to obtain a formal transfer, but in practice this was often not feasible and led women to self-transfer clinics. Self-transferring to a new clinic frequently resulted to re-testing and re-initiating ART and concerns about disruptions in ART. Strategies to monitor women's engagement in HIV care without requiring a formal transfer are urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Bengtson
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Vivian Go
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Mark Lurie
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Michael Owino
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mina Hosseinipour
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mzilahowa T, Chiumia M, Mbewe RB, Uzalili VT, Luka-Banda M, Kutengule A, Mathanga DP, Ali D, Chiphwanya J, Zoya J, Mulenga S, Dodoli W, Bergeson-Lockwood J, Troell P, Oyugi J, Lindblade K, Gimnig JE. Increasing insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis in Malawi, 2011-2015. Malar J 2016; 15:563. [PMID: 27876046 PMCID: PMC5120501 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Susceptibility of principal Anopheles malaria vectors to common insecticides was monitored over a 5-year period across Malawi to inform and guide the national malaria control programme. METHODS Adult blood-fed Anopheles spp. and larvae were collected from multiple sites in sixteen districts across the country between 2011 and 2015. First generation (F1) progeny aged 2-5 days old were tested for susceptibility, using standard WHO procedures, against pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin), carbamates (bendiocarb and propoxur), organophosphates (malathion and pirimiphos-methyl) and an organochlorine (DDT). RESULTS Mortality of Anopheles funestus to deltamethrin, permethrin, bendiocarb and propoxur declined significantly over the 5-year (2011-2015) monitoring period. There was wide variation in susceptibility to DDT but it was not associated with time. In contrast, An. funestus exhibited 100% mortality to the organophosphates (malathion and pirimiphos-methyl) at all sites tested. There was reduced mortality of Anopheles arabiensis to deltamethrin over time though this was not statistically significant. However, mortality of An. arabiensis exposed to permethrin declined significantly over time. Anopheles arabiensis exposed to DDT were more likely to be killed if there was high ITN coverage in the mosquito collection area the previous year. There were no other associations between mosquito mortality in a bioassay and ITN coverage or IRS implementation. Mortality of An. funestus from four sites exposed to deltamethrin alone ranged from 2 to 31% and from 41 to 94% when pre-exposed to the synergist piperonyl butoxide followed by deltamethrin. For permethrin alone, mortality ranged from 2 to 13% while mortality ranged from 63 to 100% when pre-exposed to PBO. CONCLUSION Pyrethroid resistance was detected in An. funestus and An. arabiensis populations across Malawi and has worsened over the last 5 years. New insecticides and control strategies are urgently needed to reduce the burden of malaria in Malawi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Themba Mzilahowa
- Malaria Alert Centre, Malawi College of Medicine, Chichiri, P/Bag 360, Blantyre 3, Malawi.
| | - Martin Chiumia
- Malaria Alert Centre, Malawi College of Medicine, Chichiri, P/Bag 360, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Rex B Mbewe
- Malaria Alert Centre, Malawi College of Medicine, Chichiri, P/Bag 360, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Veronica T Uzalili
- Malaria Alert Centre, Malawi College of Medicine, Chichiri, P/Bag 360, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Madalitso Luka-Banda
- Malaria Alert Centre, Malawi College of Medicine, Chichiri, P/Bag 360, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Anna Kutengule
- Malaria Alert Centre, Malawi College of Medicine, Chichiri, P/Bag 360, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Don P Mathanga
- Malaria Alert Centre, Malawi College of Medicine, Chichiri, P/Bag 360, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Doreen Ali
- Community Health Services Unit, National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - John Chiphwanya
- Community Health Services Unit, National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - John Zoya
- Community Health Services Unit, National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Shadreck Mulenga
- Community Health Services Unit, National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | | | - Peter Troell
- President's Malaria Initiative, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Jessica Oyugi
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kim Lindblade
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John E Gimnig
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lampiao F, Kutengule A. Characteristics of semen parameters of Malawian men from couples seeking assisted reproduction. World J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 2:181-184. [DOI: 10.5317/wjog.v2.i4.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To profile semen parameters of Malawian men seeking fertility testing.
METHODS: Semen analysis is a key element in the fertility evaluation of men and permits male reproductive potential to be evaluated. Semen samples were collected from consenting men after 3-5 d of sexual abstinence. The samples were collected from 130 males; 78 were male partners of infertile couples while 52 were healthy semen donors. Seminal volume, motility and morphology were assessed. The results were analyzed on Prism 5. All data are expressed as mean ± SD. Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. Differences were regarded as statistically significant if P < 0.05.
RESULTS: Semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility and normal morphology were significantly higher in the control group when compared to the participant group. On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was found between the control group total sperm motility when compared to the participant group. Oligozoospermia was found in 25 cases, teratozoospermia detected in 17 cases and abnormal seminal plasma in 16 cases. Asthenozoospermia and azoospermia were found in 12 and 8 participants, respectively. This study has shown that most of the infertile patients seeking fertility testing had oligozoospermia. Teratozoospermia was the second most common abnormality found in the patients seeking fertility testing.
CONCLUSION: Our study is in agreement with previous studies which reported that these parameters have been shown to be good predictors for fertilization.
Collapse
|