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Rampoldi F, Donato E, Ullrich L, Deseke M, Janssen A, Demera A, Sandrock I, Bubke A, Juergens AL, Swallow M, Sparwasser T, Falk C, Tan L, Trumpp A, Prinz I. γδ T cells license immature B cells to produce a broad range of polyreactive antibodies. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110854. [PMID: 35613579 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature autoreactive B cells are present in all healthy individuals, but it is unclear which signals are required for their maturation into antibody-producing cells. Inducible depletion of γδ T cells show that direct interaction between γδ T cells and immature B cells in the spleen support an "innate" transition to mature B cells with a broad range of antigen specificities. IL-4 production of γδ T cells and cell-to-cell contact via CD30L support B cell maturation and induce genes of the unfolded protein response and mTORC1 signaling. Eight days after in vivo depletion of γδ T cells, increased numbers of B cells are already stuck in the transitional phase and express increased levels of IgD and CD21. Absence of γδ T cells leads also to reduced levels of serum anti-nuclear autoantibodies, making γδ T cells an attractive target to treat autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rampoldi
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Elisa Donato
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GmbH), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Leon Ullrich
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Malte Deseke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Abdi Demera
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Anja Bubke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Juergens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Maxine Swallow
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz 55131, Germany; Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Likai Tan
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM GmbH), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany.
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Ullrich L, Lueder Y, Juergens AL, Wilharm A, Barros-Martins J, Bubke A, Demera A, Ikuta K, Patzer GE, Janssen A, Sandrock I, Prinz I, Rampoldi F. IL-4-Producing Vγ1 +/Vδ6 + γδ T Cells Sustain Germinal Center Reactions in Peyer's Patches of Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729607. [PMID: 34804014 PMCID: PMC8600568 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens. Germinal centers (GCs) in the Peyer's patches (PPs) of the small intestine are constantly generated through stimulation of the microbiota. In this study, we investigated the role of γδ T cells in the GC reactions in PPs. Most γδ T cells in PPs localized in the GCs and expressed a TCR composed of Vγ1 and Vδ6 chains. By using mice with partial and total γδ T cell deficiencies, we found that Vγ1+/Vδ6+ T cells can produce high amounts of IL-4, which drives the proliferation of GC B cells as well as the switch of GC B cells towards IgA. Therefore, we conclude that γδ T cells play a role in sustaining gut homeostasis and symbiosis via supporting the GC reactions in PPs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Germinal Center/metabolism
- Germinal Center/microbiology
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunoglobulin A/immunology
- Immunoglobulin A/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Class Switching
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/immunology
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice, Knockout
- Peyer's Patches/immunology
- Peyer's Patches/metabolism
- Peyer's Patches/microbiology
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Salmonella Infections/immunology
- Salmonella Infections/metabolism
- Salmonella Infections/microbiology
- Salmonella typhimurium/immunology
- Salmonella typhimurium/pathogenicity
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Ullrich
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yvonne Lueder
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anja Bubke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abdi Demera
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Anika Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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