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Patel SA, Gerber WK, Zheng R, Khanna S, Hutchinson L, Abel GA, Cerny J, DaSilva BA, Zhang TY, Ramanathan M, Khedr S, Selove W, Woda B, Miron PM, Higgins AW, Gerber JM. Natural history of clonal haematopoiesis seen in real-world haematology settings. Br J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 38522849 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Recursive partitioning of healthy consortia led to the development of the Clonal Hematopoiesis Risk Score (CHRS) for clonal haematopoiesis (CH); however, in the practical setting, most cases of CH are diagnosed after patients present with cytopenias or related symptoms. To address this real-world population, we characterize the clinical trajectories of 94 patients with CH and distinguish CH harbouring canonical DNMT3A/TET2/ASXL1 mutations alone ('sole DTA') versus all other groups ('non-sole DTA'). TET2, rather than DNMT3A, was the most prevalent mutation in the real-world setting. Sole DTA patients did not progress to myeloid neoplasm (MN) in the absence of acquisition of other mutations. Contrastingly, 14 (20.1%) of 67 non-sole DTA patients progressed to MN. CHRS assessment showed a higher frequency of high-risk CH in non-sole DTA (vs. sole DTA) patients and in progressors (vs. non-progressors). RUNX1 mutation conferred the strongest risk for progression to MN (odds ratio [OR] 10.27, 95% CI 2.00-52.69, p = 0.0053). The mean variant allele frequency across all genes was higher in progressors than in non-progressors (36.9% ± 4.62% vs. 24.1% ± 1.67%, p = 0.0064). This analysis in the post-CHRS era underscores the natural history of CH, providing insight into patterns of progression to MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam A Patel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William K Gerber
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rena Zheng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shrinkhala Khanna
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lloyd Hutchinson
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory A Abel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan Cerny
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brandon A DaSilva
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tian Y Zhang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Muthalagu Ramanathan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Salwa Khedr
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Selove
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce Woda
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patricia M Miron
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne W Higgins
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan M Gerber
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Patel SA, Cerny J, Gerber WK, Ramanathan M, Ediriwickrema A, Tanenbaum B, Hutchinson L, Meng X, Flahive J, Barton B, Gillis‐Smith AJ, Suzuki S, Khedr S, Selove W, Higgins AW, Miron PM, Simin K, Woda B, Gerber JM. Prognostic heterogeneity and clonal dynamics within distinct subgroups of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia with TP53 disruptions. EJHaem 2023; 4:1059-1070. [PMID: 38024632 PMCID: PMC10660125 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
TP53 aberrations constitute the highest risk subset of myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The International Consensus Classification questions the blast threshold between MDS and AML. In this study, we assess the distinction between MDS and AML for 76 patients with TP53 aberrations. We observed no significant differences between MDS and AML regarding TP53 genomics. Median overall survival (OS) was 223 days for the entire group, but prognostic discrimination within subgroups showed the most inferior OS (46 days) for AML with multihit allelic state plus TP53 variant allele frequency (VAF) > 50%. In multivariate analysis, unadjusted Cox models revealed the following variables as independent risk factors for mortality: AML (vs. MDS) (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.50, confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-4.4, p = 0.001), complex karyotype (HR: 3.00, CI: 1.4-6.1, p = 0.003), multihit status (HR: 2.30, CI 1.3-4.2, p = 0.005), and absence of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) (HR: 3.90, CI: 1.8-8.9, p = 0.0009). Clonal dynamic modeling showed a significant reduction in TP53 VAF with front-line hypomethylating agents. These findings clarify the impact of specific covariates on outcomes of TP53-aberrant myeloid neoplasms, irrespective of the diagnosis of MDS versus AML, and may influence HCT decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam A. Patel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Jan Cerny
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - William K. Gerber
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Muthalagu Ramanathan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Asiri Ediriwickrema
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUnited States
| | - Benjamin Tanenbaum
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Lloyd Hutchinson
- Department of PathologyUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Xiuling Meng
- Department of PathologyUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Julie Flahive
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health SciencesUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Bruce Barton
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health SciencesUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Andrew J. Gillis‐Smith
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Sakiko Suzuki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Salwa Khedr
- Department of PathologyUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - William Selove
- Department of PathologyUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Anne W. Higgins
- Department of PathologyUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Patricia M. Miron
- Department of PathologyUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Karl Simin
- Dept. of MolecularCell & Cancer BiologyUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Bruce Woda
- Department of PathologyUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
| | - Jonathan M. Gerber
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of MedicineUMass Memorial Medical Center, UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUnited States
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Patel SA, Lloyd MR, Cerny J, Shi Q, Simin K, Ediriwickrema A, Hutchinson L, Miron PM, Higgins AW, Ramanathan M, Gerber JM. Clinico-genomic profiling and clonal dynamic modeling of TP53-aberrant myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:3348-3360. [PMID: 34496723 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1957869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
TP53-aberrant myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia have dismal outcomes. Here, we define the clinico-genomic landscape of TP53 disruptions in 40 patients and employ clonal dynamic modeling to map the mutational hierarchy against clinical outcomes. Most TP53 mutations (45.2%) localized to the L3 loop or LSH motif of the DNA-binding domain. TP53 disruptions had high co-occurrence with mutations in epigenetic regulators, spliceosome machinery, and cohesin complex and low co-occurrence with mutations in proliferative signaling genes. Ancestral and descendant TP53 mutations constituted measurable residual disease and fueled relapse. High mutant TP53 gene dosage predicted low durability of remission. The median overall survival (OS) was 280 days. Hypomethylating agent-based therapy served as an effective bridge to transplant, leading to improved median OS compared to patients who did not receive a transplant (14.7 vs. 5.1 months). OS was independent of the genomic location of TP53 disruption, which has implications for rational therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam A Patel
- Department of Medicine-Hematology & Oncology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Maxwell R Lloyd
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Cerny
- Department of Medicine-Hematology & Oncology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Qiming Shi
- Department of Medicine-Hematology & Oncology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Karl Simin
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Asiri Ediriwickrema
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lloyd Hutchinson
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Patricia M Miron
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Anne W Higgins
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Muthalagu Ramanathan
- Department of Medicine-Hematology & Oncology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Gerber
- Department of Medicine-Hematology & Oncology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Patel SA, Bledsoe JR, Higgins AW, Hutchinson L, Gerber JM. Rapid and Deep Remission Induced by Blinatumomab for CD19-Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Lymphoid Blast Phase. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.21.00039. [PMID: 34409243 PMCID: PMC8367045 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam A Patel
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Jacob R Bledsoe
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Anne W Higgins
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Lloyd Hutchinson
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Jonathan M Gerber
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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5
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Quintero-Rivera F, Xi QJ, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Lee JH, Higgins AW, Anchan RM, Roberts AE, Seong IS, Fan X, Lage K, Lu LY, Tao J, Hu X, Berezney R, Gelb BD, Kamp A, Moskowitz IP, Lacro RV, Lu W, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Maas RL. MATR3 disruption in human and mouse associated with bicuspid aortic valve, aortic coarctation and patent ductus arteriosus. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:2375-89. [PMID: 25574029 PMCID: PMC4380077 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) defects represent a common but heterogeneous subset of congenital heart disease for which gene identification has been difficult. We describe a 46,XY,t(1;5)(p36.11;q31.2)dn translocation carrier with pervasive developmental delay who also exhibited LVOT defects, including bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The 1p breakpoint disrupts the 5′ UTR of AHDC1, which encodes AT-hook DNA-binding motif containing-1 protein, and AHDC1-truncating mutations have recently been described in a syndrome that includes developmental delay, but not congenital heart disease [Xia, F., Bainbridge, M.N., Tan, T.Y., Wangler, M.F., Scheuerle, A.E., Zackai, E.H., Harr, M.H., Sutton, V.R., Nalam, R.L., Zhu, W. et al. (2014) De Novo truncating mutations in AHDC1 in individuals with syndromic expressive language delay, hypotonia, and sleep apnea. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 94, 784–789]. On the other hand, the 5q translocation breakpoint disrupts the 3′ UTR of MATR3, which encodes the nuclear matrix protein Matrin 3, and mouse Matr3 is strongly expressed in neural crest, developing heart and great vessels, whereas Ahdc1 is not. To further establish MATR3 3′ UTR disruption as the cause of the proband's LVOT defects, we prepared a mouse Matr3Gt-ex13 gene trap allele that disrupted the 3′ portion of the gene. Matr3Gt-ex13 homozygotes are early embryo lethal, but Matr3Gt-ex13 heterozygotes exhibit incompletely penetrant BAV, CoA and PDA phenotypes similar to those in the human proband, as well as ventricular septal defect (VSD) and double-outlet right ventricle (DORV). Both the human MATR3 translocation breakpoint and the mouse Matr3Gt-ex13 gene trap insertion disturb the polyadenylation of MATR3 transcripts and alter Matrin 3 protein expression, quantitatively or qualitatively. Thus, subtle perturbations in Matrin 3 expression appear to cause similar LVOT defects in human and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Quintero-Rivera
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kim M Keppler-Noreuil
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne W Higgins
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond M Anchan
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy E Roberts
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ihn Sik Seong
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xueping Fan
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kasper Lage
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lily Y Lu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | - Joanna Tao
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | - Xuchen Hu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | - Ronald Berezney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Anna Kamp
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA and
| | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA and
| | | | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia C Morton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James F Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,
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Shi M, Cipollini MJ, Crowley-Bish PA, Higgins AW, Yu H, Miron PM. Improved detection rate of cytogenetic abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other mature B-cell neoplasms with use of CpG-oligonucleotide DSP30 and interleukin 2 stimulation. Am J Clin Pathol 2013; 139:662-9. [PMID: 23596118 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp7g4vmyzjqvfi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of cytogenetic abnormalities requires successful culture of the clonal population to obtain metaphase chromosomes for study, and as such, has been hampered by low mitotic indices of mature B cells in culture. Our study presents data on the improved abnormality detection rate with the use of a CpG-oligonucleotide/interleukin 2 (OL/IL-2) culture protocol for mature B-cell neoplasms, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-CLL specimens. The increased detection rate of abnormalities, compared with unstimulated culture and traditional pokeweed mitogen culture, was statistically significant for both CLL and non-CLL neoplasms. For CLL specimens, our data also showed that for cytogenetically visible aberrations, OL/IL-2 was as, if not more, sensitive than detection with interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH). Use of OL/IL-2 allowed a number of abnormalities to be detected, which were not covered by specific iFISH panels, especially balanced translocations. Therefore, OL/IL-2 stimulation improves diagnostic sensitivity and increases discovery rate of novel prognostic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Departments of Pathology, UMASS Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA
| | | | | | - Anne W. Higgins
- Departments of Pathology, UMASS Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA
- Hospital Laboratories, UMASS Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Departments of Pathology, UMASS Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA
| | - Patricia M. Miron
- Departments of Pathology, UMASS Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA
- Hospital Laboratories, UMASS Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA
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Lachke SA, Higgins AW, Inagaki M, Saadi I, Xi Q, Long M, Quade BJ, Talkowski ME, Gusella JF, Fujimoto A, Robinson ML, Yang Y, Duong QT, Shapira I, Motro B, Miyoshi J, Takai Y, Morton CC, Maas RL. The cell adhesion gene PVRL3 is associated with congenital ocular defects. Hum Genet 2011; 131:235-50. [PMID: 21769484 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe a male patient (patient DGAP113) with a balanced translocation, 46,XY,t(1;3)(q31.3;q13.13), severe bilateral congenital cataracts, CNS abnormalities and mild developmental delay. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and suppression PCR demonstrated that the chromosome 3 breakpoint lies ~515 kb upstream of the PVRL3 gene, while the chromosome 1 breakpoint lies ~50 kb upstream of the NEK7 gene. Despite the fact that NEK7 is closer to a translocation breakpoint than PVRL3, NEK7 transcript levels are unaltered in patient DGAP113 lymphoblastoid cells and Nek7-deficient mice exhibit no detectable ocular phenotype. In contrast, the expression of PVRL3, which encodes the cell adhesion protein Nectin 3, is significantly reduced in patient DGAP113 lymphoblastoid cells, likely due to a position effect caused by the chromosomal translocation. Nectin 3 is expressed in the mouse embryonic ciliary body and lens. Moreover, Pvrl3 knockout mice as well as a spontaneous mouse mutant ari (anterior retinal inversion), that maps to the Pvrl3 locus, exhibit lens and other ocular defects involving the ciliary body. Collectively, these data identify PVRL3 as a critical gene involved in a Nectin-mediated cell-cell adhesion mechanism in human ocular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil A Lachke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Higgins AW, Alkuraya FS, Bosco AF, Brown KK, Bruns GA, Donovan DJ, Eisenman R, Fan Y, Farra CG, Ferguson HL, Gusella JF, Harris DJ, Herrick SR, Kelly C, Kim HG, Kishikawa S, Korf BR, Kulkarni S, Lally E, Leach NT, Lemyre E, Lewis J, Ligon AH, Lu W, Maas RL, MacDonald ME, Moore SD, Peters RE, Quade BJ, Quintero-Rivera F, Saadi I, Shen Y, Shendure J, Williamson RE, Morton CC. Characterization of Apparently Balanced Chromosomal Rearrangements from the Developmental Genome Anatomy Project. Am J Hum Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Higgins AW, Alkuraya FS, Bosco AF, Brown KK, Bruns GA, Donovan DJ, Eisenman R, Fan Y, Farra CG, Ferguson HL, Gusella JF, Harris DJ, Herrick SR, Kelly C, Kim HG, Kishikawa S, Korf BR, Kulkarni S, Lally E, Leach NT, Lemyre E, Lewis J, Ligon AH, Lu W, Maas RL, MacDonald ME, Moore SD, Peters RE, Quade BJ, Quintero-Rivera F, Saadi I, Shen Y, Shendure J, Williamson RE, Morton CC. Characterization of apparently balanced chromosomal rearrangements from the developmental genome anatomy project. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 82:712-22. [PMID: 18319076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Apparently balanced chromosomal rearrangements in individuals with major congenital anomalies represent natural experiments of gene disruption and dysregulation. These individuals can be studied to identify novel genes critical in human development and to annotate further the function of known genes. Identification and characterization of these genes is the goal of the Developmental Genome Anatomy Project (DGAP). DGAP is a multidisciplinary effort that leverages the recent advances resulting from the Human Genome Project to increase our understanding of birth defects and the process of human development. Clinically significant phenotypes of individuals enrolled in DGAP are varied and, in most cases, involve multiple organ systems. Study of these individuals' chromosomal rearrangements has resulted in the mapping of 77 breakpoints from 40 chromosomal rearrangements by FISH with BACs and fosmids, array CGH, Southern-blot hybridization, MLPA, RT-PCR, and suppression PCR. Eighteen chromosomal breakpoints have been cloned and sequenced. Unsuspected genomic imbalances and cryptic rearrangements were detected, but less frequently than has been reported previously. Chromosomal rearrangements, both balanced and unbalanced, in individuals with multiple congenital anomalies continue to be a valuable resource for gene discovery and annotation.
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Kim HG, Kishikawa S, Higgins AW, Seong IS, Donovan DJ, Shen Y, Lally E, Weiss LA, Najm J, Kutsche K, Descartes M, Holt L, Braddock S, Troxell R, Kaplan L, Volkmar F, Klin A, Tsatsanis K, Harris DJ, Noens I, Pauls DL, Daly MJ, MacDonald M, Morton CC, Quade BJ, Gusella JF. Disruption of neurexin 1 associated with autism spectrum disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 82:199-207. [PMID: 18179900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of complex etiology in which genetic factors play a major role. We have implicated the neurexin 1 (NRXN1) gene in two independent subjects who display an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in association with a balanced chromosomal abnormality involving 2p16.3. In the first, with karyotype 46,XX,ins(16;2)(q22.1;p16.1p16.3)pat, NRXN1 is directly disrupted within intron 5. Importantly, the father possesses the same chromosomal abnormality in the absence of ASD, indicating that the interruption of alpha-NRXN1 is not fully penetrant and must interact with other factors to produce ASD. The breakpoint in the second subject, with 46,XY,t(1;2)(q31.3;p16.3)dn, occurs approximately 750 kb 5' to NRXN1 within a 2.6 Mb genomic segment that harbors no currently annotated genes. A scan of the NRXN1 coding sequence in a cohort of ASD subjects, relative to non-ASD controls, revealed that amino acid alterations in neurexin 1 are not present at high frequency in ASD. However, a number of rare sequence variants in the coding region, including two missense changes in conserved residues of the alpha-neurexin 1 leader sequence and of an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain, respectively, suggest that even subtle changes in NRXN1 might contribute to susceptibility to ASD.
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Kim HG, Higgins AW, Herrick SR, Kishikawa S, Nicholson L, Kutsche K, Ligon AH, Harris DJ, MacDonald ME, Bruns GAP, Morton CC, Quade BJ, Gusella JF. Candidate loci for Zimmermann-Laband syndrome at 3p14.3. Am J Med Genet A 2007; 143A:107-11. [PMID: 17163523 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A male with 46,XY,t(3;17)(p14.3;q24.3) presented with gingival hyperplasia, hypertrichosis, unusually large ears and marked hypertrophy of the nose, characteristic of the Zimmermann-Laband syndrome (ZLS). Other features include large facial bones and mandibles, large protruding upper lip, enlarged fingers and toes, strabismus, and enlarged phallus. Knowledge of a 46,XX,t(3;8)(p21.2;q24.3) reported previously in a mother and daughter with ZLS suggests that the 3p14.3-p21.2 region may contain a gene responsible for ZLS. We have reassessed the chromosome 3 breakpoint region of the t(3;8) and revised its breakpoint location to 3p14.3, based upon an updated human genome sequence assembly. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with BAC clones, we have also identified a breakpoint spanning clone at 3p14.3 in our t(3;17) patient, thereby narrowing the breakpoint to a region of approximately 200 kb. These data suggest that the gene responsible for ZLS is located in 3p14.3 and implicates four likely candidate genes in this region: CACNA2D3, encoding a voltage-dependent calcium channel, LRTM1, a gene of unknown function embedded within CACNA2D3, WNT5A, encoding a secreted signaling protein of the WNT family, and ERC2, which codes for a synapse protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Goo Kim
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital/Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Higgins AW, Gustashaw KM, Willard HF. Engineered human dicentric chromosomes show centromere plasticity. Chromosome Res 2005; 13:745-62. [PMID: 16331407 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-005-1009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Revised: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The centromere is essential for the faithful distribution of a cell's genetic material to subsequent generations. Despite intense scrutiny, the precise genetic and epigenetic basis for centromere function is still unknown. Here, we have used engineered dicentric human chromosomes to investigate mammalian centromere structure and function. We describe three classes of dicentric chromosomes isolated in different cell lines: functionally monocentric chromosomes, in which one of the two genetically identical centromeres is consistently inactivated; functionally dicentric chromosomes, in which both centromeres are consistently active; and dicentric chromosomes heterogeneous with respect to centromere activity. A study of serial single cell clones from heterogeneous cell lines revealed that while centromere activity is usually clonal, the centromere state (i.e. functionally monocentric or dicentric) in some lines can switch within a growing population of cells. Because pulsed field gel analysis indicated that the DNA at the centromeres of these chromosomes did not change detectably, this switching of the centromere state is most likely due to epigenetic changes. Inactivation of one of the two active centromeres in a functionally dicentric chromosome was observed in a percentage of cells after treatment with Trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histone deacetylation. This study provides evidence that the activity of human centromeres, while largely stable, can be subject to dynamic change, most likely due to epigenetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne W Higgins
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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13
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Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, Osborne LR, Nakabayashi K, Herbrick JA, Carson AR, Parker-Katiraee L, Skaug J, Khaja R, Zhang J, Hudek AK, Li M, Haddad M, Duggan GE, Fernandez BA, Kanematsu E, Gentles S, Christopoulos CC, Choufani S, Kwasnicka D, Zheng XH, Lai Z, Nusskern D, Zhang Q, Gu Z, Lu F, Zeesman S, Nowaczyk MJ, Teshima I, Chitayat D, Shuman C, Weksberg R, Zackai EH, Grebe TA, Cox SR, Kirkpatrick SJ, Rahman N, Friedman JM, Heng HHQ, Pelicci PG, Lo-Coco F, Belloni E, Shaffer LG, Pober B, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Bruns GAP, Korf BR, Quade BJ, Ligon AH, Ferguson H, Higgins AW, Leach NT, Herrick SR, Lemyre E, Farra CG, Kim HG, Summers AM, Gripp KW, Roberts W, Szatmari P, Winsor EJT, Grzeschik KH, Teebi A, Minassian BA, Kere J, Armengol L, Pujana MA, Estivill X, Wilson MD, Koop BF, Tosi S, Moore GE, Boright AP, Zlotorynski E, Kerem B, Kroisel PM, Petek E, Oscier DG, Mould SJ, Döhner H, Döhner K, Rommens JM, Vincent JB, Venter JC, Li PW, Mural RJ, Adams MD, Tsui LC. Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. Science 2003; 300:767-72. [PMID: 12690205 PMCID: PMC2882961 DOI: 10.1126/science.1083423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA sequence and annotation of the entire human chromosome 7, encompassing nearly 158 million nucleotides of DNA and 1917 gene structures, are presented. To generate a higher order description, additional structural features such as imprinted genes, fragile sites, and segmental duplications were integrated at the level of the DNA sequence with medical genetic data, including 440 chromosome rearrangement breakpoints associated with disease. This approach enabled the discovery of candidate genes for developmental diseases including autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Scherer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8.
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14
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Abstract
The definition of centromeres of human chromosomes requires a complete genomic understanding of these regions. Toward this end, we report integration of physical mapping, genetic, and functional approaches, together with sequencing of selected regions, to define the centromere of the human X chromosome and to explore the evolution of sequences responsible for chromosome segregation. The transitional region between expressed sequences on the short arm of the X and the chromosome-specific alpha satellite array DXZ1 spans about 450 kilobases and is satellite-rich. At the junction between this satellite region and canonical DXZ1 repeats, diverged repeat units provide direct evidence of unequal crossover as the homogenizing force of these arrays. Results from deletion analysis of mitotically stable chromosome rearrangements and from a human artificial chromosome assay demonstrate that DXZ1 DNA is sufficient for centromere function. Evolutionary studies indicate that, while alpha satellite DNA present throughout the pericentromeric region of the X chromosome appears to be a descendant of an ancestral primate centromere, the current functional centromere based on DXZ1 sequences is the product of the much more recent concerted evolution of this satellite DNA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line
- Centromere/chemistry
- Centromere/genetics
- Centromere/physiology
- Chromosome Segregation
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Human
- Computer Simulation
- Contig Mapping
- Crossing Over, Genetic
- DNA, Satellite/chemistry
- DNA, Satellite/genetics
- DNA, Satellite/physiology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Humans
- Interspersed Repetitive Sequences
- Models, Genetic
- Phylogeny
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Restriction Mapping
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Deletion
- Sequence Tagged Sites
- Transfection
- Turner Syndrome/genetics
- X Chromosome/genetics
- X Chromosome/physiology
- X Chromosome/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Schueler
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Center for Human Genetics, and, Research Institute, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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15
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Schueler MG, Higgins AW, Nagaraja R, Tentler D, Dahl N, Gustashaw K, Willard HF. Large-insert clone/STS contigs in Xq11-q12, spanning deletions in patients with androgen insensitivity and mental retardation. Genomics 2000; 66:104-9. [PMID: 10843811 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2000.6180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An integrated large-insert clone map of the region Xq11-q12 is presented. A physical map containing markers within a few hundred kilobases of the centromeric locus DXZ1 to DXS1125 spans nearly 5 Mb in two contigs separated by a gap estimated to be approximately 100-250 kb. The contigs combine 75 yeast artificial chromosome clones, 12 bacterial artificial chromosome clones, and 17 P1-derived artificial chromosome clones with 81 STS or EST markers. Overall marker density across this region is approximately 1 STS/60 kb. Mapped within the contigs are 12 ESTs as well as 5 known genes, moesin (MSN), hephaestin (HEPH), androgen receptor (AR), oligophrenin-1 (OPHN1), and Eph ligand-2 (EPLG2). Orientation of the contigs on the X chromosome, as well as marker order within the contigs, was unambiguously determined by reference to a number of X chromosome breakpoints. In addition, the distal contig spans deletions from chromosomes of three patients exhibiting either complete androgen insensitivity (CAI) or a contiguous gene syndrome that includes CAI, impaired vision, and mental retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Schueler
- Department of Genetics, Center for Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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16
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Pearlman E, Toé L, Boatin BA, Gilles AA, Higgins AW, Unnasch TR. Eotaxin expression in Onchocerca volvulus-induced dermatitis after topical application of diethylcarbamazine. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:1394-7. [PMID: 10479181 DOI: 10.1086/315041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In persons with onchocerciasis, topical application of the anthelminthic diethylcarbamazine (DEC) induces clinical and histologic responses similar to acute papular onchodermatitis, including recruitment of eosinophils to the skin. To determine whether the eosinophil chemokine eotaxin is likely to be associated with eosinophil recruitment in onchodermatitis, DEC was applied to a 5-cm2 area on the skin of infected persons, and biopsies were taken from lesions 24 h later. Histologic analysis showed elevated dermal and epidermal eosinophils compared with tissue from an adjacent (untreated) site. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that eotaxin gene expression in DEC-treated skin was elevated 2- to 17-fold compared with control tissue. Eotaxin immunoreactivity was noted in mononuclear cells and eosinophils in the perivascular region of the dermis and in lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells. Together, these observations are consistent with a role for eotaxin in recruitment of eosinophils to the dermis in early stage onchocercal skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pearlman
- Division of Geographic Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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17
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Lebo RV, Milunsky J, Higgins AW, Loose B, Huang XL, Wyandt HE. Symmetric replication of an unstable isodicentric Xq chromosome derived from isolocal maternal sister chromatid recombination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990827)85:5<429::aid-ajmg1>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Lebo RV, Milunsky J, Higgins AW, Loose B, Huang XL, Wyandt HE. Symmetric replication of an unstable isodicentric Xq chromosome derived from isolocal maternal sister chromatid recombination. Am J Med Genet 1999; 85:429-37. [PMID: 10405438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
An amniocyte culture was found to be mosaic for 45,X/46,X, idic(X)(p11.2)/ 47,X, idic(X)(p11.2),idic(X)(p11.2) cell lines, reflecting mitotic nondisjunction of the idic(X)(p11.2) chromosome. Upon learning of abnormal karyotype and ultrasound findings, the parents decided to discontinue the pregnancy. Subsequent cultures of fetal skin, kidney, and lung were mosaic 45,X/46,X,idic(X)(p11.2) reflecting mitotic loss of the unstable idic(X)(p11.2) chromosome. C-banding and in situ hybridization of X chromosome-specific alpha-satellite probe to metaphase fetal cells confirmed two centromeres on the idic(X)(p11.2) chromosome with both centromeres appearing to be active in two-thirds of cells. This result was confirmed by centromere protein-E (CENP-E) antibody staining which delineated 80% of scored cells with two active centromeres and 20% with 1 active centromere. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and acridine orange staining characterized the DNA replication pattern of the idic(X)(p11.2) chromosome as late and symmetrically replicating. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of highly polymorphic loci determined that the normal X chromosome carried paternal alleles and the idic(X)(p11.2) chromosome carried maternal alleles from only one grandparental chromosome. Overall, the results suggest that recombination occurred between two maternal sister chromatids both in the same chromosome band Xp11.2 (isolocal) prior to maternal meiosis II anaphase to generate an unstable maternal idic(X)(p11.2) chromosome. Additional factors that could contribute to i(Xq) and idic(X) formation and instability are discussed along with a mechanism to explain the high frequency of intrauterine loss in 45,X pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Lebo
- Center for Human Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2526, USA
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19
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Abstract
The most common isochromosome found in humans involves the long arm of the X, i(Xq), and is associated with a subset of Turner syndrome cases. To study the formation and behavior of isochromosomes in a more tractable experimental system, we have developed a somatic cell hybrid model system that allows for the selection of mono- or dicentric isochromosomes involving the short arm of the X, i(Xp). Simultaneous positive and negative counterselection of a mouse/human somatic cell hybrid containing a human X chromosome, selecting for retention of the UBE1 locus in Xp but against the HPRT locus in Xq, results in a variety of abnormalities of the X chromosome involving deletions of Xq. We have generated 70 such "Pushmi-Pullyu" hybrids derived from seven independent X chromosomes. Cytogenetic analysis of these hybrids using fluorescence in situ hybridization showed i(Xp) chromosomes in approximately 19% of the hybrids. Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction analyses of the Pushmi-Pullyu hybrids revealed a distribution of breakpoints along Xq. The distance between the centromeres of the dicentric i(Xp)s generated ranged from approximately 2 Mb to approximately 20 Mb. To examine centromeric activity in these dicentric i(Xp)s, we used indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies to centromere protein E (CENP-E). CENP-E was detected at only one of the centromeres of a dicentric i(Xp) with approximately 2-3 Mb of Xq DNA. In contrast, CENP-E was detected at both centromeres of a dicentric i(Xp) with approximately 14 Mb of Xq DNA. Two other dicentric i(Xp) chromosomes were heterogeneous with respect to centromeric activity, suggesting that centromeric activity and chromosome stability of dicentric chromosomes may be more complicated than previously thought. The Pushmi-Pullyu model system presented in this study may provide a tool for examining the structure and function of mammalian centromeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Higgins
- Department of Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106-4955, USA
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20
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Matesic D, Valujskikh A, Pearlman E, Higgins AW, Gilliam AC, Heeger PS. Type 2 immune deviation has differential effects on alloreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. J Immunol 1998; 161:5236-44. [PMID: 9820495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Allograft rejection has been associated with detection of the type 1 lymphokines, IFN-gamma and IL-2. The role of type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) remains controversial, as is whether alloreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells behave similarly when exposed to type 2 cytokine-enhancing manipulations. We studied the characteristics of alloreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells before and after type 2 immune deviation induced by IL-4 plus anti-IFN-gamma Ab. Alloreactive T cells from naive mice were low in frequency, produced only IL-2, and were predominantly CD4+, while alloreactive T cells from allograft-primed mice were high in frequency, produced IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4, and were predominantly CD8+. Type 2 immune deviation of allospecific CD4+ T cells resulted in IL-4 and IL-5 production without IFN-gamma, consistent with unipolar type 2 immunity. These T cells mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity, but not cytotoxicity. Under identical type 2 cytokine-inducing conditions, allospecific CD8+ T cells were primed to become IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma producers, and exhibited cytotoxicity, but not classic delayed-type hypersensitivity. Adoptive transfer of either cell population into SCID recipients of allogeneic skin resulted in graft rejection, with stable allospecific type 2 cytokine production in vivo. Adoptive transfer of the IL-4/IL-5-producing CD4+ T cells, but not the CD8+ T cells, induced a distinct histopathology characterized by marked eosinophilic infiltration of the skin. We conclude that type 2 immune deviation has differential effects on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and results in emergence of alternate effector mechanisms capable of destroying allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Matesic
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, OH 44106, USA
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21
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Mehlotra RK, Hall LR, Higgins AW, Dreshaj IA, Haxhiu MA, Kazura JW, Pearlman E. Interleukin-12 suppresses filaria-induced pulmonary eosinophilia, deposition of major basic protein and airway hyperresponsiveness. Parasite Immunol 1998; 20:455-62. [PMID: 9797506 PMCID: PMC4469192 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3024.1998.00174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia (TPE) is a severe form of allergic asthma caused by the host inflammatory response to filarial helminths in the lung microvasculature, and is characterized by pulmonary eosinophilia, increased filarial-specific IgG and IgE antibodies, and airway hyperresponsiveness. The current study examined the effect of IL-12 on pulmonary eosinophilia, deposition of eosinophil major basic protein and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice inoculated i.v. with Brugia malayi microfilariae. Injection of recombinant murine IL-12 modulated the T helper (Th) response in the lungs from Th2- to Th1-like, with elevated IFN-gamma, and decreased IL-4 and IL-5 production. Consistent with this shift in cytokine response, antigen-specific IgG2a was elevated, and IgG1 and total serum IgE were decreased. In addition, eosinophils in BAL fluid from IL-12 treated mice were reduced from 56% to 11%, and there was no detectable MBP on respiratory epithelial cells. Importantly, IL-12 suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness compared with saline-injected control animals. Taken together, these data clearly demonstrate that by modulating Th associated cytokine production, IL-12 down-regulates filaria-induced lung immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Mehlotra
- Division of Geographic and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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22
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Hall LR, Mehlotra RK, Higgins AW, Haxhiu MA, Pearlman E. An essential role for interleukin-5 and eosinophils in helminth-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Infect Immun 1998; 66:4425-30. [PMID: 9712797 PMCID: PMC108535 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.9.4425-4430.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with the parasitic helminth Brugia malayi can result in development of a severe asthmatic response termed tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. This disease, thought to result from a host inflammatory response to blood parasites which become trapped in the lung microvasculature, is characterized by a profound eosinophilic infiltration into the lungs. Recruitment of eosinophils also correlates with the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to cholinergic agonists and severe asthmatic symptoms. Our studies examined the role of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in helminth-induced pulmonary eosinophilia and AHR. C57BL/6 mice immunized with killed B. malayi microfilariae and challenged intravenously with live microfilariae exhibit many of the characteristics of human disease, including peripheral and pulmonary eosinophilia. Cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage of sensitized mice consisted of 3.8% eosinophils on day 1 postchallenge and 84% on day 10. Extracellular major basic protein was present on the surface of airway epithelial cells as early as day 1 and continued to be evident after 8 days, indicating sustained activation and degranulation of eosinophils in the lung. These histologic changes correlated with the development of AHR to carbachol. In contrast to immunocompetent mice, immunization and challenge with B. malayi in IL-5(-/-) mice did not induce peripheral or pulmonary eosinophilia, and these mice failed to show AHR in response to cholinergic agonists. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-5 and eosinophils are required for the induction of AHR by filarial helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Hall
- Divisions of Geographic, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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23
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Pearlman E, Hall LR, Higgins AW, Bardenstein DS, Diaconu E, Hazlett FE, Albright J, Kazura JW, Lass JH. The role of eosinophils and neutrophils in helminth-induced keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998; 39:1176-82. [PMID: 9620077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intrastromal injection of mice with antigens from the parasitic helminth that causes river blindness (Onchocerca volvulus) induces eosinophil recruitment to the corneal stroma at the time of maximum corneal opacification and neovascularization. The present study was conducted to examine the role of eosinophils and neutrophils in onchocercal keratitis in control C57Bl/6 mice and in interleukin-5 gene knockout (IL-5(-/-)) mice. METHODS C57Bl/6 and IL-5(-/-) mice were immunized subcutaneously and injected intrastromally with soluble O. volvulus antigens. Mice were killed at various times thereafter. Development of keratitis was assessed by slit lamp examination, and inflammatory cells in the cornea were identified by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A biphasic recruitment of inflammatory cells was observed in C57Bl/6 mice; neutrophils predominated during the first 72 hours after intrastromal injection and subsequently declined, whereas eosinophil recruitment increased as time elapsed and comprised the majority (90%) of cells in the cornea by day 7. In contrast, neutrophils were the predominant inflammatory cells in IL-5(-/-) mice at early and late time points and were associated with extensive stromal damage and corneal opacification and neovascularization. Eosinophils were not detected in these mice at any time. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of eosinophils, neutrophils can mediate keratitis induced by helminth antigens. Together with the early neutrophilic infiltrate in control animals, these observations indicate that neutrophils have an important role in onchocercal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pearlman
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4983, USA
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24
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Pearlman E, Lass JH, Bardenstein DS, Diaconu E, Hazlett FE, Albright J, Higgins AW, Kazura JW. IL-12 exacerbates helminth-mediated corneal pathology by augmenting inflammatory cell recruitment and chemokine expression. J Immunol 1997; 158:827-33. [PMID: 8993000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Corneal inflammation (keratitis) is a major cause of visual impairment in Onchocerca volvulus infection. Previous studies showed that onchocercal keratitis can be induced in mice following s.c. immunization and intracorneal injection with soluble O. volvulus Ags (OvAg), and that the inflammatory response is dependent on T cells and IL-4. Since recombinant IL-12 impairs IL-4-dependent, Th2-mediated responses in other parasitic infections and in models of allergic asthma, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of IL-12 on onchocercal keratitis. Mice were injected i.p. with IL-12 or saline at the time of initial sensitization to OvAg. Surprisingly, IL-12 treatment caused significant exacerbation of corneal pathology, which was associated with increased eosinophil and mononuclear cell infiltration into the corneal stroma. Consistent with the well-documented effect of IL-12 on Th1 cell development, corneas of IL-12-treated animals had elevated expression of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma and diminished expression of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. However, corneas from these animals also had marked elevation of alpha- and beta-chemokines known to be active on eosinophils and mononuclear cells, including IFN-gamma-inducible protein (IP)-10, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, JE/monocyte chemotactic protein-1, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T expressed and secreted), and eotaxin. Together, these data indicate that IL-12 exacerbates OvAg-mediated corneal pathology by enhancing chemokine expression and recruitment of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pearlman
- Department of of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4983, USA
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25
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Pearlman E, Lass JH, Bardenstein DS, Diaconu E, Hazlett FE, Albright J, Higgins AW, Kazura JW. IL-12 exacerbates helminth-mediated corneal pathology by augmenting inflammatory cell recruitment and chemokine expression. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.158.2.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Corneal inflammation (keratitis) is a major cause of visual impairment in Onchocerca volvulus infection. Previous studies showed that onchocercal keratitis can be induced in mice following s.c. immunization and intracorneal injection with soluble O. volvulus Ags (OvAg), and that the inflammatory response is dependent on T cells and IL-4. Since recombinant IL-12 impairs IL-4-dependent, Th2-mediated responses in other parasitic infections and in models of allergic asthma, the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of IL-12 on onchocercal keratitis. Mice were injected i.p. with IL-12 or saline at the time of initial sensitization to OvAg. Surprisingly, IL-12 treatment caused significant exacerbation of corneal pathology, which was associated with increased eosinophil and mononuclear cell infiltration into the corneal stroma. Consistent with the well-documented effect of IL-12 on Th1 cell development, corneas of IL-12-treated animals had elevated expression of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma and diminished expression of the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. However, corneas from these animals also had marked elevation of alpha- and beta-chemokines known to be active on eosinophils and mononuclear cells, including IFN-gamma-inducible protein (IP)-10, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, JE/monocyte chemotactic protein-1, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T expressed and secreted), and eotaxin. Together, these data indicate that IL-12 exacerbates OvAg-mediated corneal pathology by enhancing chemokine expression and recruitment of inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pearlman
- Department of of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4983, USA
| | - J H Lass
- Department of of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4983, USA
| | - D S Bardenstein
- Department of of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4983, USA
| | - E Diaconu
- Department of of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4983, USA
| | - F E Hazlett
- Department of of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4983, USA
| | - J Albright
- Department of of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4983, USA
| | - A W Higgins
- Department of of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4983, USA
| | - J W Kazura
- Department of of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4983, USA
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Pearlman E, Lass JH, Bardenstein DS, Diaconu E, Hazlett FE, Albright J, Higgins AW, Kazura JW. Onchocerca volvulus-mediated keratitis: cytokine production by IL-4-deficient mice. Exp Parasitol 1996; 84:274-81. [PMID: 8932777 DOI: 10.1006/expr.1996.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Corneal inflammation similar to human onchocercal keratitis can be induced in mice by subcutaneous immunization of a soluble extract of Onchocerca volvulus (OvAg) followed by direct injection of OvAg into the corneal stroma. Previous studies have shown that corneal pathology is associated with increased systemic and corneal Th2 cytokine expression and that IL-4 gene knockout (IL-4-/-) mice develop less severe or no O. volvulus-mediated keratitis. The current study examined the contribution of Th2 cytokines to the diminished OvAg-induced corneal immunopathology observed in IL-4-/- mice. IL-4-/- mice (129Sv x C57B1/6), wild-type F2 littermates (IL-4+/+), and C57B1/6 mice were sensitized by repeated subcutaneous immunization with OvAg. Ten days after the final immunization, mice were sacrificed, spleens were removed, and cells were incubated with OvAg. Cells from immunocompetent C57B1/6 and IL-4+/+ mice produced IL-4 and IL-5, but no IFN-gamma, whereas cells from IL-4-/- mice had elevated IFN-gamma and no IL-4. Interestingly, cells from these animals produced levels of IL-5 protein equivalent to those of C57B1/6 and IL-4+/+ mice. To determine cytokine production in corneas during the onset of onchocercal keratitis, OvAg-immunized mice were injected intracorneally with OvAg, and cytokine gene expression in the cornea was determined by RT-PCR. Temporal analysis of cytokine gene expression in corneas of immunocompetent mice showed that the Th2-associated cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 were produced within 1 day of intrastromal injection, with sustained elevations for 10 days. Maximal IFN-gamma mRNA levels were not detected until Day 10. This was in contrast to IL-4-/- mice in which IFN-gamma appeared at Day 1 and remained elevated for at least 10 days. Moreover, in corneas from IL-4-/- mice, all Th2 cytokines with the exception of IL-4 were up-regulated and expressed with kinetics similar to that of IL-4+/+ littermates. Histologically, corneas from IL-4-/- mice were less edematous and contained fewer eosinophils and other inflammatory cells than those from immunocompetent controls. As there was no difference in peripheral eosinophil levels, these data indicate that the diminished severity of onchocercal keratitis in IL-4-/- mice is not due to failure to develop systemic or local Th2 cytokine responses or to produce eosinophils, but that IL-4 may be involved in recruitment of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells into the corneal stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pearlman
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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