1
|
Meyer AC, Eklund H, Hedström M, Modig K. The ASA score predicts infections, cardiovascular complications, and hospital readmissions after hip fracture - A nationwide cohort study. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:2185-2192. [PMID: 34013459 PMCID: PMC8563539 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study examines the association between the ASA physical status classification score at hip fracture surgery and severe postoperative complications in patients aged 60 and older. Among both men and women, ASA scores consistently predict a wide range of complications including infections, cardiovascular complications, hospital readmissions, and death. INTRODUCTION Hip fractures are common in aging populations and associated with poor prognosis. This study examines how the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification is related to severe complications among hip fracture patients including infections, cardiovascular diseases, hospital readmissions, and death. METHODS Based on a linkage of the Swedish National Inpatient Register with the Swedish National Registry for Hip Fractures (RIKSHÖFT), this study includes patients aged 60+ with first hip fracture between 1998 and 2017. We estimated associations between ASA score and complications during the hospital stay and during 1 year after hip fracture using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS The study population included 170,193 hip fracture patients of which 24% died and 39% were readmitted to hospital within 1 year. The most common complications were urinary tract infections, pneumonia, second hip fractures, and heart failure. Among both men and women, higher ASA scores were consistently associated with higher risks for all complications included in this study. The strongest associations were observed for heart failure, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and death. CONCLUSION ASA scores are routinely assessed in clinical practice and predict a wide range of postoperative complications among hip fracture patients. Since many complications may be preventable through adequate drug treatment, rehabilitation, and risk awareness, future studies should examine the mechanisms linking ASA scores to complication risk in order to improve preventive strategies. Particularly, the high risk of cardiovascular complications among patients with high ASA scores deserves clinical and scientific attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Meyer
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 210, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - H Eklund
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 210, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hedström
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC) Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Modig
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 210, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sanmartí M, Meyer AC, Jaen A, Robertson K, Tan N, Mapesi H, Samson L, Ndaki R, Battegay M, Tanner M, Weisser M, Dalmau D, Letang E. HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment in stable people living with HIV on ART in rural Tanzania. HIV Med 2020; 22:102-112. [PMID: 33190352 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have assessed cognitive impairment among healthy people living with HIV (PLWH) who are stable on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among a random sample of stable adult PLWH from rural Tanzania on ART for more than 1 year and without immunological failure or pre-existing neurological disease. We evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for neurocognitive impairment (NCI), assessed through neuropsychological tests, functional and depression questionnaires and defined as a mean Z-score ≤ -1 in two or more cognitive domains. RESULTS Among 243 participants [median age = 44.3 years (interquartile range: 36-52] and 71% female] we found a rate of NCI of 19.3% (95% confidence interval: 14.8-24.8%). Memory and psychomotor domains demonstrated the highest impairment. Independent predictors of NCI were age and self-reported alcohol use. Other classical risk factors were not associated with HIV-associated NCI. CONCLUSION Despite effective ART roll-out, NCI remained a prevalent condition in this healthy rural Tanzanian population of PLWH on ART. Age and alcohol use were key risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sanmartí
- Infectious Diseases & HIV Service, Hospital Universitari MutuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació per la Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu - Hospital Sant Boi, Sant Boi Ll, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A C Meyer
- United States Army Medical Research and Material Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.,Neurology Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - A Jaen
- Fundació per la Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain.,Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network of Excellence (RIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - K Robertson
- AIDS Neurological Center Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - N Tan
- Department of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - H Mapesi
- Ifakara branch, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Samson
- Ifakara branch, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania.,St Francis Referral Hospital, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - R Ndaki
- Ifakara branch, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania.,St Francis Referral Hospital, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - M Battegay
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Tanner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Weisser
- Ifakara branch, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Dalmau
- Infectious Diseases & HIV Service, Hospital Universitari MutuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació per la Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain.,Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network of Excellence (RIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Letang
- Ifakara branch, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seelbinder B, Chen J, Brunke S, Vazquez-Uribe R, Santhaman R, Meyer AC, de Oliveira Lino FS, Chan KF, Loos D, Imamovic L, Tsang CC, Lam RPK, Sridhar S, Kang K, Hube B, Woo PCY, Sommer MOA, Panagiotou G. Antibiotics create a shift from mutualism to competition in human gut communities with a longer-lasting impact on fungi than bacteria. Microbiome 2020; 8:133. [PMID: 32919472 PMCID: PMC7488854 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic treatment has a well-established detrimental effect on the gut bacterial composition, but effects on the fungal community are less clear. Bacteria in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract may limit fungal colonization and invasion. Antibiotic drugs targeting bacteria are therefore seen as an important risk factor for fungal infections and induced allergies. However, antibiotic effects on gut bacterial-fungal interactions, including disruption and resilience of fungal community compositions, were not investigated in humans. We analysed stool samples collected from 14 healthy human participants over 3 months following a 6-day antibiotic administration. We integrated data from shotgun metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metabolomics, and fungal ITS2 sequencing. RESULTS While the bacterial community recovered mostly over 3 months post treatment, the fungal community was shifted from mutualism at baseline to competition. Half of the bacterial-fungal interactions present before drug intervention had disappeared 3 months later. During treatment, fungal abundances were associated with the expression of bacterial genes with functions for cell growth and repair. By extending the metagenomic species approach, we revealed bacterial strains inhibiting the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans. We demonstrated in vitro how C. albicans pathogenicity and host cell damage might be controlled naturally in the human gut by bacterial metabolites such as propionate or 5-dodecenoate. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that antibacterial drugs have long-term influence on the human gut mycobiome. While bacterial communities recovered mostly 30-days post antibacterial treatment, the fungal community was shifted from mutualism towards competition. Video abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Seelbinder
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ruben Vazquez-Uribe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rakesh Santhaman
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne-Christin Meyer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Felipe Senne de Oliveira Lino
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ka-Fai Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel Loos
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Lejla Imamovic
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Rex Pui-Kin Lam
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Kang Kang
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Patrick Chiu-Yat Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Morten Otto Alexander Sommer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 220, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Department of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meyer AC, Khimich D, Egner A, Moser T. [Super-resolution optical microscopy of the organ of Corti. Investigations on the fine structure of the inner hair cell afferent synapse by the 4Pi and STED techniques]. HNO 2012; 60:707-14. [PMID: 22767188 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-011-2457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inner hair cells encode sound into action potentials in the auditory nerve. Spiral ganglion neurons form the afferent innervation of inner hair cells via the hair cell synapse. The structure and function of this ribbon-type synapse is considered to have a major impact on the sound encoding process itself. In this study we have used conventional confocal microscopy as well as super-resolution techniques to investigate the synaptic organization in the inner hair cells of mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Functionally relevant proteins of the afferent inner hair cell synapse were selectively marked using immunohistochemical methods and investigated with conventional confocal and super-resolution 4Pi- and stimulated emission depletion (STED) techniques. RESULTS Synapse and innervation density was mapped over the entire tonotopic axis. We found inner hair cells in the region of best hearing to have about twice the number of afferent fibres compared to the apex or base of the cochlea. For the first time 4Pi and STED microscopic techniques were employed to resolve the fine structure of these synapses beyond the resolution of conventional light microscopy. With 4Pi a resolution of approximately 100 nm in the z-axis direction is feasible. In practice STED delivers an effective resolution between 150 and 30 nm, depending on the power of the lasers employed. Synapses at different tonotopic positions of the cochlea exhibit no relevant structural differences at this level of resolution. The 4Pi and STED microscopic techniques are capable of showing the structure of afferent synapses in the organ of Corti with unsurpassed resolution. These images contribute to our understanding of sound-encoding mechanisms in the inner ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Meyer
- Innenohrlabor der HNO-Klinik, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, 37099, Göttingen, Deutschland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meyer AC, Rahman S, Charnigo RJ, Dwoskin LP, Crabbe JC, Bardo MT. Genetics of novelty seeking, amphetamine self-administration and reinstatement using inbred rats. Genes Brain Behav 2010; 9:790-8. [PMID: 20618445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous research using outbred rats indicates that individual differences in activity in a novel environment predict sensitivity to the reinforcing effect of psychostimulant drugs. The current study examined if the link between responses related to novelty and amphetamine self-administration is heritable. Twelve inbred rat strains were assessed for locomotor activity in a novel environment, preference for a novel environment, and intravenous amphetamine self-administration (acquisition, extinction and amphetamine-induced reinstatement). Strain differences were observed in activity in a novel environment, novelty preference and amphetamine self-administration, indicating a genetic influence for each of these behaviors. While there was no relation between activity in an inescapable novel environment and amphetamine self-administration, strain-dependent differences in novelty preference were positively correlated with the amount of amphetamine self-administered. There was also a positive correlation between the dose-dependent rate of amphetamine self-administration and magnitude of reinstatement. These results show that the activity in an inescapable novel environment and the preference for a novel environment are different genetically, and thus likely to reflect different behavioral constructs. Moreover, these results implicate a genetic influence on the relation between novelty seeking and stimulant self-administration, as well as on the relation between stimulant reward and reinstatement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Meyer
- Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meyer AC, Neher E, Schneggenburger R. Estimation of quantal size and number of functional active zones at the calyx of Held synapse by nonstationary EPSC variance analysis. J Neurosci 2001; 21:7889-900. [PMID: 11588162 PMCID: PMC6763848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
At the large excitatory calyx of Held synapse, the quantal size during an evoked EPSC and the number of active zones contributing to transmission are not known. We developed a nonstationary variant of EPSC fluctuation analysis to determine these quantal parameters. AMPA receptor-mediated EPSCs were recorded in slices of young (postnatal 8-10 d) rats after afferent fiber stimulation, delivered in trains to induce synaptic depression. The means and the variances of EPSC amplitudes were calculated across trains for each stimulus number. During 10 Hz trains at 2 mm Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]), we found linear EPSC variance-mean relationships, with a slope that was in good agreement with the quantal size obtained from amplitude distributions of spontaneous miniature EPSCs. At high release probability with 10 or 15 mm [Ca(2+)], competitive antagonists were used to partially block EPSCs. Under these conditions, the EPSC variance-mean plots could be fitted with parabolas, giving estimates of quantal size and of the binomial parameter N. With the rapidly dissociating antagonist kynurenic acid, quantal sizes were larger than with a slowly dissociating antagonist, suggesting that the effective glutamate concentration was increased at high release probability. Considering the possibility of multivesicular release and moderate saturation of postsynaptic AMPA receptors, we conclude that the binomial parameter N (637 +/- 117; mean +/- SEM) represents an upper limit estimate of the number of functional active zones. We estimate that during normal synaptic transmission, the probability of vesicle fusion at single active zones is in the range of 0.25-0.4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Abteilung Membranbiophysik, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a case of secondary amenorrhea and infertility caused by an inhibin-B-producing ovarian fibrothecoma. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENT A 37-year-old woman with a 2-year history of secondary amenorrhea and infertility. INTERVENTION(S) Operative removal of a 5-cm ovarian fibrothecoma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Luteinizing hormone, FSH, E2, inhibin-B, TSH, and prolactin measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Immunostaining of tumor cells for inhibin and LH. RESULT(S) Preoperative hormone levels were as follows: FSH, 1.7 mIU/mL; LH, 23.4 mIU/mL; E2, 31 pg/mL; and inhibin B, 1,154 pg/mL. Three weeks postoperatively, the FSH was 1.5 mIU/mL, LH decreased to 7.1 mIU/mL, E2 increased to 276 pg/mL, and inhibin-B decreased to 17 pg/mL. The fibrothecoma did not stain for LH but was strongly positive for inhibin. Regular menstrual cycles resumed 28 days postoperatively. CONCLUSION(S) Inhibin-B produced by an ovarian tumor profoundly suppressed FSH levels and resulted in secondary amenorrhea and infertility. Use of sensitive and specific immunoassays for inhibin-A and -B may aid in the differential diagnosis of hormonally active ovarian tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Meyer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The size of a pool of readily releasable vesicles at a giant brainstem synapse, the calyx of Held, was probed with three independent approaches. Using simultaneous pre- and postsynaptic whole-cell recordings, two forms of presynaptic Ca2+ stimuli were applied in rapid succession: uncaging of Ca2+ by flash photolysis and the opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The ensuing transmitter release showed a nearly complete cross-inhibition between the two stimuli, indicating the depletion of a limited pool of about 700 transmitter quanta. The pool size was confirmed in experiments using enhanced extracellular Ca2+ concentrations, as well as short, high-frequency stimulus trains. The results reveal a surprisingly large pool of functionally available vesicles, of which a fraction of about 0.2 is released by a single presynaptic action potential under physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Schneggenburger
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Abteilung Membranbiophysik, Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fitzgerald JE, Ricalton NS, Meyer AC, West SG, Kaplan H, Behrendt C, Kotzin BL. Analysis of clonal CD8+ T cell expansions in normal individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.154.7.3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In the course of studying the circulating TCR repertoire in humans, we noted several individuals with an increase in the percentage of CD8+ T cells expressing a particular V region. In some cases, these CD8 expansions were dramatic, occupying over 40% of the total CD8 repertoire. Using a panel of mAbs to different TCR V regions, we found that over 30% of healthy adults (> 35 years of age) harbor an expansion that alters the peripheral blood CD8 TCR repertoire. A wide range of V regions were expressed by these expansions. Considering that the mAbs used cover only a portion of the V beta repertoire, the data suggest that over 70% of adults are likely to harbor such expansions. Junctional region sequencing showed that the CD8 subset expansions were clonal, and serial studies as long as 4 years showed that they persisted indefinitely. Expansions were not identified in the CD4 population. Discordant expression of one large V beta 6.7+ clone was found in one identical twin set, suggesting the possibility that an environmental exposure is involved in their generation and/or expansion. In one large family, we found five family members with a large CD8 subset expansion. Remarkably similar usage of J beta regions was noted, and two individuals demonstrated V beta 3-expressing clones with homologous CDR3 regions, differing by only one major substitution. The repertoire data from this family suggest that the T cell clones have arisen in response to a common Ag. Studies of patients with rheumatoid arthritis found a significantly increased frequency of circulating CD8 subset expansions that expressed a different V region repertoire compared with the healthy individuals studied. Overall, our results emphasize a frequent alteration in the human CD8 TCR repertoire, most likely related to an environmental exposure, in both healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of these expansions will be important to consider in any study of human TCR repertoire, and their implication for health and disease will be important to understand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Fitzgerald
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
| | - N S Ricalton
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
| | - A C Meyer
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
| | - S G West
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
| | - H Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
| | - C Behrendt
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
| | - B L Kotzin
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fitzgerald JE, Ricalton NS, Meyer AC, West SG, Kaplan H, Behrendt C, Kotzin BL. Analysis of clonal CD8+ T cell expansions in normal individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol 1995; 154:3538-47. [PMID: 7897233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the course of studying the circulating TCR repertoire in humans, we noted several individuals with an increase in the percentage of CD8+ T cells expressing a particular V region. In some cases, these CD8 expansions were dramatic, occupying over 40% of the total CD8 repertoire. Using a panel of mAbs to different TCR V regions, we found that over 30% of healthy adults (> 35 years of age) harbor an expansion that alters the peripheral blood CD8 TCR repertoire. A wide range of V regions were expressed by these expansions. Considering that the mAbs used cover only a portion of the V beta repertoire, the data suggest that over 70% of adults are likely to harbor such expansions. Junctional region sequencing showed that the CD8 subset expansions were clonal, and serial studies as long as 4 years showed that they persisted indefinitely. Expansions were not identified in the CD4 population. Discordant expression of one large V beta 6.7+ clone was found in one identical twin set, suggesting the possibility that an environmental exposure is involved in their generation and/or expansion. In one large family, we found five family members with a large CD8 subset expansion. Remarkably similar usage of J beta regions was noted, and two individuals demonstrated V beta 3-expressing clones with homologous CDR3 regions, differing by only one major substitution. The repertoire data from this family suggest that the T cell clones have arisen in response to a common Ag. Studies of patients with rheumatoid arthritis found a significantly increased frequency of circulating CD8 subset expansions that expressed a different V region repertoire compared with the healthy individuals studied. Overall, our results emphasize a frequent alteration in the human CD8 TCR repertoire, most likely related to an environmental exposure, in both healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of these expansions will be important to consider in any study of human TCR repertoire, and their implication for health and disease will be important to understand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Fitzgerald
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Meyer AC, Nieuwenhuis JJ, Kociszewska VJ, Joubert WS, Meyer BJ. Dihydropyridine calcium antagonists depress the amplitude of the plasma melatonin cycle in baboons. Life Sci 1986; 39:1563-9. [PMID: 3762317 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(86)90388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An investigation into the effects of verapamil and some dihydropyridine derivatives on plasma melatonin levels was undertaken in baboons. In a number of separate experiments, groups of young male chacma baboons (mean body weight 13 kg) received intraperitoneal injections of the drugs, under ketamine anaesthesia, roughly 30 minutes prior to the following time points: 1200, 1800, 0000, 0200, 0600 and 1200 h. Lights went off at 1800 h and came on at 0600 h. The drugs used, and their respective dosages (expressed per kg body mass), were verapamil up to 4 mg/kg, nifedipine at 0.2 mg/kg, nitrendipine at 0.5 mg/kg and nisoldipine at 0.1 mg/kg. Blood samples, taken at the said time points, were assayed for melatonin. The nighttime peak of the plasma melatonin cycle was significantly depressed by all three dihydropyridine calcium antagonists (up to 40%), while verapamil, even at the relatively high total dose of 24 mg/kg per day, had no significant effect on the circulating plasma melatonin levels.
Collapse
|
12
|
Oosthuizen JM, Theron JJ, Meyer AC, Rautenbach MM. Albinism in blacks--aberrant circadian plasma immunoreactive melatonin levels. S Afr Med J 1983; 64:651-2. [PMID: 6623264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
13
|
Theron JJ, Biagio R, Meyer AC. Circadian changes in microtubules, synaptic ribbons and synaptic ribbon fields in the pinealocytes of the baboon (Papio ursinus). Cell Tissue Res 1981; 217:405-13. [PMID: 7237536 DOI: 10.1007/bf00233590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In baboons kept under controlled lighting conditions, microtubules (MT) are readily seen in the perikaryal cytoplasm and in the perivascular processes of pinealocytes. A significant increase in the number of MT, single synaptic ribbons (SR) and the formation of synaptic ribbon fields (RF, i.e. organelles which consist of multiple dense rodlets or plates, and vesicles), occur during the dark phase of a circadian light-dark cycle. MT may act as "tracks" for the oriented flow of vesicles derived from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, to cytoplasmic sites where RF are being formed. The origin of the dense rodlets of RF remains unknown. Structural differences between SR and RF indicate that the latter organelles are not directly involved in impulse propagation between adjacent baboon pinealocytes. RF may function as storage organelles for some of the pineal secretory products which are formed in large amounts during the dark phase.
Collapse
|
14
|
Theron JJ, Biagio R, Meyer AC, Boekkooi S. Microfilaments, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and synaptic ribbon fields in the pinealocytes of the baboon (Papio ursinus). Am J Anat 1979; 154:151-61. [PMID: 104612 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001540203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microfilaments (MF, 5-8 nm in diameter) are a prominent feature of the pinealocyte cytoplasm of baboons (Papio ursinus) kept under controlled lighting conditions. MF occurred as a filamentous network in these cells during the light phase of the diurnal light-dark cycle, while a close structural association was noted between MF and the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). This association was especially evident during the dark period. Increased numbers of single synaptic ribbons (SR, vesicle-crowned rodlets), together with large aggregations of SR, i.e., ribbon fields (RF), were seen in the pinealocyte cytoplasm of baboons killed during the dark phase. It is suggested that the vesicles of RF may arise from those of the SER and that MF may play a role in the movement of SER-vesicles to those areas of the cytoplasm where new RF are being formed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Meyer AC. [25 Civitas]. S Afr Med J 1978; 54:98. [PMID: 694704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
16
|
Theron JJ, Biagio R, Meyer AC, Boekkooi S, Seegers JC. The effect of a serotonin inhibitor on the serotonin content and ultrastructure of rat atria and ventricles with special reference to atrial granules. Life Sci 1978; 23:111-9. [PMID: 150480 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(78)90258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
17
|
Meyer AC. [Tubal pregnancy and the intrauterine device]. S Afr Med J 1978; 53:882. [PMID: 684547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
18
|
|
19
|
Abstract
An analysis of 1,686 surgically treated carcinomas of the breast in one community showed no statistically significant differences in five- and ten-year survival for simple, modified radical, or radical mastectomy. Further confirmation was obtained by computation of relative survival which in addition showed that older women more nearly approach normal life expectancy than younger ones. Bilaterality was found to be a decreasing function of age. Patients with medial and lateral tumors did not have significantly different rates of survival or sites of distant metastases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Meyer AC. [Tubal pregnancy despite oral contraception]. S Afr Med J 1977; 51:569. [PMID: 867171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
21
|
Meyer AC, Du Toit JJ, Meyer BJ. Renin-angiotensin system in pregnant South African blacks. Normotensive versus hypertensive disease cases. S Afr Med J 1974; 48:302-4. [PMID: 4814510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
22
|
Meyer BJ, Norval E, Meyer AC, Koch H von P. Distribution of copper in the skin. S Afr Med J 1972; 46:907-12. [PMID: 5056470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
23
|
Meyer BJ, Meyer AC, Pepler WJ. Chemical and structural aspect of atherosclerosis. Afr J Med Sci 1971; 2:283-300. [PMID: 5122608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
24
|
Meyer BJ, de Bruin EJ, Du Plessis DG, van der Merwe M, Meyer AC. Some biochemical effects of a mainly fruit diet in man. S Afr Med J 1971; 45:253-61. [PMID: 5573330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
|
25
|
Meyer BJ, van der Merwe M, Du Plessis DG, de Bruin EJ, Meyer AC. Some physiological effects of a mainly fruit diet in man. S Afr Med J 1971; 45:191-5. [PMID: 4928686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
26
|
Meyer BJ, Meyer AC. The pathophysiology and bio-assay of the renin-angiotensin system. S Afr Med J 1970; 44:375-80. [PMID: 4316742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
27
|
|
28
|
|
29
|
Meyer AC, Meyer BJ, Morrison JF, Pepler WJ. Calcium, collagen, elastin and hexosamine levels in the arteries of whites and Bantu. S Afr Med J 1965; 39:1017-20. [PMID: 5857158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
|