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Riccetti MR, Green J, Taylor TJ, Perl AKT. Prenatal FGFR2 Signaling via PI3K/AKT Specifies the PDGFRA + Myofibroblast. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:63-77. [PMID: 37734036 PMCID: PMC10768833 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0245oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that FGFR2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) signaling is critical for proper lung development. Recent studies demonstrate that epithelial FGFR2 signaling during the saccular phase of lung development (sacculation) regulates alveolar type 1 (AT1) and AT2 cell differentiation. During sacculation, PDGFRA (platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α)-positive lung fibroblasts exist as three functional subtypes: contractile myofibroblasts, extracellular matrix-producing matrix fibroblasts, and lipofibroblasts. All three subtypes are required during alveolarization to establish a niche that supports AT2 epithelial cell self-renewal and AT1 epithelial cell differentiation. FGFR2 signaling directs myofibroblast differentiation in PDGFRA+ fibroblasts during alveolar reseptation after pneumonectomy. However, it remains unknown if FGFR2 signaling regulates PDGFRA+ myo-, matrix, or lipofibroblast differentiation during sacculation. In this study, FGFR2 signaling was inhibited by temporal expression of a secreted dominant-negative FGFR2b (dnFGFR2) by AT2 cells from embryonic day (E) 16.5 to E18.5. Fibroblast and epithelial differentiation were analyzed at E18.5 and postnatal days 7 and 21. At all time points, the number of myofibroblasts was reduced and the number of lipo-/matrix fibroblasts was increased. AT2 cells are increased and AT1 cells are reduced postnatally, but not at E18.5. Similarly, in organoids made with PDGFRA+ fibroblasts from dnFGFR2 lungs, increased AT2 cells and reduced AT1 cells were observed. In vitro treatment of primary wild-type E16.5 adherent saccular lung fibroblasts with recombinant dnFGFR2b/c resulted in reduced myofibroblast contraction. Treatment with the PI3K/AKT activator 740 Y-P rescued the lack of myofibroblast differentiation caused by dnFGFR2b/2c. Moreover, treatment with the PI3K/AKT activator 740 Y-P rescued myofibroblast differentiation in E18.5 fibroblasts isolated from dnFGFR2 lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Riccetti
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology and
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jenna Green
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology and
| | - Thomas J. Taylor
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology and
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Anne-Karina T. Perl
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology and
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Riccetti MR, Ushakumary MG, Waltamath M, Green J, Snowball J, Dautel SE, Endale M, Lami B, Woods J, Ahlfeld SK, Perl AKT. Maladaptive functional changes in alveolar fibroblasts due to perinatal hyperoxia impair epithelial differentiation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e152404. [PMID: 35113810 PMCID: PMC8983125 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants born prematurely worldwide have up to a 50% chance of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a clinical morbidity characterized by dysregulated lung alveolarization and microvascular development. It is known that PDGFR alpha-positive (PDGFRA+) fibroblasts are critical for alveolarization and that PDGFRA+ fibroblasts are reduced in BPD. A better understanding of fibroblast heterogeneity and functional activation status during pathogenesis is required to develop mesenchymal population-targeted therapies for BPD. In this study, we utilized a neonatal hyperoxia mouse model (90% O2 postnatal days 0-7, PN0-PN7) and performed studies on sorted PDGFRA+ cells during injury and room air recovery. After hyperoxia injury, PDGFRA+ matrix and myofibroblasts decreased and PDGFRA+ lipofibroblasts increased by transcriptional signature and population size. PDGFRA+ matrix and myofibroblasts recovered during repair (PN10). After 7 days of in vivo hyperoxia, PDGFRA+ sorted fibroblasts had reduced contractility in vitro, reflecting loss of myofibroblast commitment. Organoids made with PN7 PDGFRA+ fibroblasts from hyperoxia in mice exhibited reduced alveolar type 1 cell differentiation, suggesting reduced alveolar niche-supporting PDGFRA+ matrix fibroblast function. Pathway analysis predicted reduced WNT signaling in hyperoxia fibroblasts. In alveolar organoids from hyperoxia-exposed fibroblasts, WNT activation by CHIR increased the size and number of alveolar organoids and enhanced alveolar type 2 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Riccetti
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Marion Waltamath
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Jenna Green
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - John Snowball
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Sydney E. Dautel
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Mehari Endale
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Bonny Lami
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
| | - Jason Woods
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine & Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shawn K. Ahlfeld
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anne-Karina T. Perl
- The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, and
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Tisdale-Macioce N, Green J, Perl AKT, Ashbaugh A, Wiederhold NP, Patterson TF, Cushion MT. The Promise of Lung Organoids for Growth and Investigation of Pneumocystis Species. Front Fungal Biol 2021; 2:740845. [PMID: 37744131 PMCID: PMC10512221 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.740845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Pneumocystis species (spp.) are host-obligate fungal parasites that colonize and propagate almost exclusively in the alveolar lumen within the lungs of mammals where they can cause a lethal pneumonia. The emergence of this pneumonia in non-HIV infected persons caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (PjP), illustrates the continued importance of and the need to understand its associated pathologies and to develop new therapies and preventative strategies. In the proposed life cycle, Pneumocystis spp. attach to alveolar type 1 epithelial cells (AEC1) and prevent gas exchange. This process among other mechanisms of Pneumocystis spp. pathogenesis is challenging to observe in real time due to the absence of a continuous ex vivo or in vitro culture system. The study presented here provides a proof-of-concept for the development of murine lung organoids that mimic the lung alveolar sacs expressing alveolar epithelial type 1 cells (AEC1) and alveolar type 2 epithelial cells (AEC2). Use of these 3-dimensional organoids should facilitate studies of a multitude of unanswered questions and serve as an improved means to screen new anti- PjP agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikeya Tisdale-Macioce
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Research Service, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jenna Green
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Anne-Karina T. Perl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, The Perinatal Institute and Section of Neonatology, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Alan Ashbaugh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Research Service, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Nathan P. Wiederhold
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Thomas F. Patterson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Section of Infectious Diseases, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Melanie T. Cushion
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Research Service, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Cox AM, Gao Y, Perl AKT, Tepper RS, Ahlfeld SK. Cumulative effects of neonatal hyperoxia on murine alveolar structure and function. Pediatr Pulmonol 2017; 52:616-624. [PMID: 28186703 PMCID: PMC5621136 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) results from alveolar simplification and abnormal development of alveolar and capillary structure. Survivors of BPD display persistent deficits in airflow and membrane and vascular components of alveolar gas diffusion. Despite being the defining feature of BPD, various neonatal hyperoxia models of BPD have not routinely assessed pulmonary gas diffusion. METHODS To simulate the most commonly-utilized neonatal hyperoxia models, we exposed neonatal mice to room air or ≥90% hyperoxia during key stages of distal lung development: through the first 4 (saccular), 7 (early alveolar), or 14 (bulk alveolar) postnatal days, followed by a period of recovery in room air until 8 weeks of age when alveolar septation is essentially complete. We systematically assessed and correlated the effects of neonatal hyperoxia on the degree of alveolar-capillary structural and functional impairment. We hypothesized that the degree of alveolar-capillary simplification would correlate strongly with worsening diffusion impairment. RESULTS Neonatal hyperoxia exposure, of any duration, resulted in alveolar simplification and impaired pulmonary gas diffusion. Mean Linear Intercept increased in proportion to the length of hyperoxia exposure while alveolar and total lung volume increased markedly only with prolonged exposure. Surprisingly, despite having a similar effect on alveolar surface area, only prolonged hyperoxia for 14 days resulted in reduced pulmonary microvascular volume. Estimates of alveolar and capillary structure, in general, correlated poorly with assessment of gas diffusion. CONCLUSION Our results help define the physiological and structural consequences of commonly-employed neonatal hyperoxia models of BPD and inform their clinical utility. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:616-624. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Cox
- Program in Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Division of Neonatology, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yong Gao
- Program in Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Program in Pulmonary Inflammation, Asthma and Allergic Diseases, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Anne-Karina T. Perl
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert S. Tepper
- Program in Pulmonary Inflammation, Asthma and Allergic Diseases, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shawn K. Ahlfeld
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Correspondence to: Shawn K. Ahlfeld, MD, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7009, Cincinnati, OH 45229.
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