1
|
Riccetti MR, Green J, Taylor TJ, Perl AKT. Prenatal FGFR2 Signaling via PI3K/AKT Specifies the PDGFRA + Myofibroblast. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:63-77. [PMID: 37734036 PMCID: PMC10768833 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0245oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that FGFR2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) signaling is critical for proper lung development. Recent studies demonstrate that epithelial FGFR2 signaling during the saccular phase of lung development (sacculation) regulates alveolar type 1 (AT1) and AT2 cell differentiation. During sacculation, PDGFRA (platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α)-positive lung fibroblasts exist as three functional subtypes: contractile myofibroblasts, extracellular matrix-producing matrix fibroblasts, and lipofibroblasts. All three subtypes are required during alveolarization to establish a niche that supports AT2 epithelial cell self-renewal and AT1 epithelial cell differentiation. FGFR2 signaling directs myofibroblast differentiation in PDGFRA+ fibroblasts during alveolar reseptation after pneumonectomy. However, it remains unknown if FGFR2 signaling regulates PDGFRA+ myo-, matrix, or lipofibroblast differentiation during sacculation. In this study, FGFR2 signaling was inhibited by temporal expression of a secreted dominant-negative FGFR2b (dnFGFR2) by AT2 cells from embryonic day (E) 16.5 to E18.5. Fibroblast and epithelial differentiation were analyzed at E18.5 and postnatal days 7 and 21. At all time points, the number of myofibroblasts was reduced and the number of lipo-/matrix fibroblasts was increased. AT2 cells are increased and AT1 cells are reduced postnatally, but not at E18.5. Similarly, in organoids made with PDGFRA+ fibroblasts from dnFGFR2 lungs, increased AT2 cells and reduced AT1 cells were observed. In vitro treatment of primary wild-type E16.5 adherent saccular lung fibroblasts with recombinant dnFGFR2b/c resulted in reduced myofibroblast contraction. Treatment with the PI3K/AKT activator 740 Y-P rescued the lack of myofibroblast differentiation caused by dnFGFR2b/2c. Moreover, treatment with the PI3K/AKT activator 740 Y-P rescued myofibroblast differentiation in E18.5 fibroblasts isolated from dnFGFR2 lungs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Riccetti
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology and
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jenna Green
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology and
| | - Thomas J. Taylor
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology and
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Anne-Karina T. Perl
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology and
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marega M, Chen C, Bellusci S. Cross-Talk Between Inflammation and Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 During Organogenesis and Pathogenesis: Lessons Learnt From the Lung and Other Organs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:656883. [PMID: 34136479 PMCID: PMC8201783 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.656883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult human lung is constantly exposed to irritants like particulate matter, toxic chemical compounds, and biological agents (bacteria and viruses) present in the external environment. During breathing, these irritants travel through the bronchi and bronchioles to reach the deeper lung containing the alveoli, which constitute the minimal functional respiratory units. The local biological responses in the alveoli that follow introduction of irritants need to be tightly controlled in order to prevent a massive inflammatory response leading to loss of respiratory function. Cells, cytokines, chemokines and growth factors intervene collectively to re-establish tissue homeostasis, fight the aggression and replace the apoptotic/necrotic cells with healthy cells through proliferation and/or differentiation. Among the important growth factors at play during inflammation, members of the fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) family regulate the repair process. Fgf10 is known to be a key factor for organ morphogenesis and disease. Inflammation is influenced by Fgf10 but can also impact Fgf10 expression per se. Unfortunately, the connection between Fgf10 and inflammation in organogenesis and disease remains unclear. The aim of this review is to highlight the reported players between Fgf10 and inflammation with a focus on the lung and to propose new avenues of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Marega
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lv YQ, Dhlamini Q, Chen C, Li X, Bellusci S, Zhang JS. FGF10 and Lipofibroblasts in Lung Homeostasis and Disease: Insights Gained From the Adipocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645400. [PMID: 34124037 PMCID: PMC8189177 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes not only function as energy depots but also secrete numerous adipokines that regulate multiple metabolic processes, including lipid homeostasis. Dysregulation of lipid homeostasis, which often leads to adipocyte hypertrophy and/or ectopic lipid deposition in non-adipocyte cells such as muscle and liver, is linked to the development of insulin resistance. Similarly, an altered secretion profile of adipokines or imbalance between calorie intake and energy expenditure is associated with obesity, among other related metabolic disorders. In lungs, lipid-laden adipocyte-like cells known as lipofibroblasts share numerous developmental and functional similarities with adipocytes, and similarly influence alveolar lipid homeostasis by facilitating pulmonary surfactant production. Unsurprisingly, disruption in alveolar lipid homeostasis may propagate several chronic inflammatory disorders of the lung. Given the numerous similarities between the two cell types, dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying adipocyte development and function will offer valuable insights that may be applied to, at least, some aspects of lipofibroblast biology in normal and diseased lungs. FGF10, a major ligand for FGFR2b, is a multifunctional growth factor that is indispensable for several biological processes, including development of various organs and tissues such as the lung and WAT. Moreover, accumulating evidence strongly implicates FGF10 in several key aspects of adipogenesis as well as lipofibroblast formation and maintenance, and as a potential player in adipocyte metabolism. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of FGF10 in adipocytes, while attempting to derive insights on the existing literature and extrapolate the knowledge to pulmonary lipofibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Center for Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qhaweni Dhlamini
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Center for Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Center for Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Institute of Lung Health and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Center for Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chu X, Taghizadeh S, Vazquez-Armendariz AI, Herold S, Chong L, Chen C, Zhang JS, El Agha E, Bellusci S. Validation of a Novel Fgf10 Cre-ERT2 Knock-in Mouse Line Targeting FGF10 Pos Cells Postnatally. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671841. [PMID: 34055804 PMCID: PMC8155496 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fgf10 is a key gene during development, homeostasis and repair after injury. We previously reported a knock-in Fgf10 Cre-ERT2 line (with the Cre-ERT2 cassette inserted in frame with the start codon of exon 1), called thereafter Fgf10 Ki-v1, to target FGF10Pos cells. While this line allowed fairly efficient and specific labeling of FGF10Pos cells during the embryonic stage, it failed to target these cells after birth, particularly in the postnatal lung, which has been the focus of our research. We report here the generation and validation of a new knock-in Fgf10 Cre-ERT2 line (called thereafter Fgf10 Ki-v2) with the insertion of the expression cassette in frame with the stop codon of exon 3. Fgf10 Ki-v2/+ heterozygous mice exhibited comparable Fgf10 expression levels to wild type animals. However, a mismatch between Fgf10 and Cre expression levels was observed in Fgf10 Ki-v2/+ lungs. In addition, lung and limb agenesis were observed in homozygous embryos suggesting a loss of Fgf10 functional allele in Fgf10 Ki-v2 mice. Bioinformatic analysis shows that the 3'UTR, where the Cre-ERT2 cassette is inserted, contains numerous putative transcription factor binding sites. By crossing this line with tdTomato reporter line, we demonstrated that tdTomato expression faithfully recapitulated Fgf10 expression during development. Importantly, Fgf10 Ki-v2 mouse is capable of significantly targeting FGF10Pos cells in the adult lung. Therefore, despite the aforementioned limitations, this new Fgf10 Ki-v2 line opens the way for future mechanistic experiments involving the postnatal lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sara Taghizadeh
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ana Ivonne Vazquez-Armendariz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Lei Chong
- National Key Clinical Specialty of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Discipline of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Elie El Agha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lingampally A, Jones MR, Bagari S, Chen C, Rivetti S, Bellusci S. Use of the Reversible Myogenic to Lipogenic Transdifferentiation Switch for the Design of Pre-clinical Drug Screening in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:569865. [PMID: 33042971 PMCID: PMC7523217 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.569865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is an end-stage lung disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition from activated myofibroblasts (MYFs) and tissue scarring. Eventually leading to stiffening of the lung, capable of assuming only limited gas exchange function. So far two drugs, pirfenidone [acting via TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta) inhibition] and nintedanib (a pan-tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor) have been approved for IPF patients. They both act on the activated MYF by reducing the expression of fibrotic markers. Unfortunately, these drugs are only slowing down fibrosis formation and as such do not represent a cure for this lethal, devastating disease. We previously reported that activated MYF originate, at least in part, from lung fibroblast resident cells called lipofibroblasts (LIF). During resolution, these activated MYF can transdifferentiate into LIF. We propose that this reversible myogenic/lipogenic transdifferentiation switch paradigm can be used to screen for drugs capable of triggering the lipogenic differentiation of activated MYFs. Ideally, these drugs should also induce the reduction of pro-fibrotic markers alpha smooth muscle actin2 (ACTA2) and collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) in activated MYF and as such would represent important alternatives to the approved drugs. The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge and limitations of the current strategies aiming to carry out methodical pre-clinical drug screening in pertinent in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models of IPF. These models include (1) in vitro culture of primary fibroblasts from IPF patients, (2) ex vivo culture of precision cut lung slices from end-stage IPF lungs obtained from transplant patients, and (3) bleomycin-induced fibrosis mouse models in the context of lineage tracing of activated MYF during resolution. For all these assays, we propose the innovative use of lipogenic read outs for the LIFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Lingampally
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthew R. Jones
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Shirisha Bagari
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Stefano Rivetti
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park J, Ivey MJ, Deana Y, Riggsbee KL, Sörensen E, Schwabl V, Sjöberg C, Hjertberg T, Park GY, Swonger JM, Rosengreen T, Morty RE, Ahlbrecht K, Tallquist MD. The Tcf21 lineage constitutes the lung lipofibroblast population. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L872-L885. [PMID: 30675802 PMCID: PMC6589586 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00254.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor 21 (Tcf21) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor required for mesenchymal development in several organs. Others have demonstrated that Tcf21 is expressed in embryonic lung mesenchyme and that loss of Tcf21 results in a pulmonary hypoplasia phenotype. Although recent single-cell transcriptome analysis has described multiple mesenchymal cell types in the lung, few have characterized the Tcf21 expressing population. To explore the Tcf21 mesenchymal lineage, we traced Tcf21-expressing cells during embryogenesis and in the adult. Our results showed that Tcf21 progenitor cells at embryonic day (E)11.5 generated a subpopulation of fibroblasts and lipofibroblasts and a limited number of smooth muscle cells. After E15.5, Tcf21 progenitor cells exclusively become lipofibroblasts and interstitial fibroblasts. Lipid metabolism genes were highly expressed in perinatal and adult Tcf21 lineage cells. Overexpression of Tcf21 in primary neonatal lung fibroblasts led to increases in intracellular neutral lipids, suggesting a regulatory role for Tcf21 in lipofibroblast function. Collectively, our results reveal that Tcf21 expression after E15.5 delineates the lipofibroblast and a population of interstitial fibroblasts. The Tcf21 inducible Cre mouse line provides a novel method for identifying and manipulating the lipofibroblast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Park
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Malina J Ivey
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Yanik Deana
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Kara L Riggsbee
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Emelie Sörensen
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Veronika Schwabl
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Caroline Sjöberg
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Tilda Hjertberg
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Ga Young Park
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Jessica M Swonger
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Taylor Rosengreen
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany
| | - Katrin Ahlbrecht
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany
| | - Michelle D Tallquist
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have been widely used and exert pleiotropic effects on alveolar structure and function, but do not improve the long-term clinical outcomes for patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, emphysema, or interstitial lung diseases. Treatments that foster alveolar regeneration could substantially improve the long-term outcomes for such patients. One approach to alveolar regeneration is to stimulate and guide intrinsic alveolar progenitors along developmental pathways used during secondary septation. Other investigators and we have identified platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α-expressing fibroblast subpopulations that are alternatively skewed toward myofibroblast or lipofibroblast phenotypes. In this study, we administered either the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone (Dex) or the antagonist mifepristone to mice during the first postnatal week and evaluated their effects on cellular proliferation and adoption of α-smooth muscle actin and lipid droplets (markers of the myofibroblast and lipofibroblast phenotypes, respectively). We observed that Dex increased the relative abundance of fibroblasts with progenitor characteristics, i.e., containing both α-smooth muscle actin and lipid droplets, uncoupling protein-1 (a marker of brown and beige adipocytes), delta-like ligand-1, and stem cell antigen-1. Dex enhanced signaling through the Smad1/5 pathway, which increased uncoupling protein-1 in a lung fibroblast progenitor cell line. We conclude that glucocorticoid receptor manipulation can sustain fibroblast plasticity, and posit that targeting downstream glucocorticoid responsive pathways could steer fibroblast progenitors along more desirable regenerative pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Diann M McCoy
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ruiz-Camp J, Morty RE. Divergent fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways in lung fibroblast subsets: where do we go from here? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L751-5. [PMID: 26342090 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00298.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts play a key role in postnatal lung development, namely, the formation of the alveolar gas exchange units, through the process of secondary septation. Although evidence initially highlighted roles for fibroblasts in the production and remodeling of the lung extracellular matrix, more recent studies have described the presence of different fibroblast subsets in the developing lung. These subsets include myofibroblasts and lipofibroblasts and their precursors. These cells are believed to play different roles in alveologenesis and are localized to different regions of the developing septa. The precise roles played by these different fibroblast subsets remain unclear. Understanding the signaling pathways that control the discrete functions of these fibroblast subsets would help to clarify the roles and the regulation of lung fibroblasts during lung development. Here, we critically evaluate a recent report that described divergent fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways in two different subsets of lung fibroblasts that express different levels of green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α promoter. The GFP expression was used as a surrogate for lipofibroblasts (GFP(low)) and myofibroblasts (GFP(high)). It was suggested that Fgf10/Fgf1 and Fgf18/Fgfr3 autocrine pathways may be operative in GFP(low) and GFP(high) cells, respectively, and that these pathways might regulate the proliferation and migration of different fibroblast subsets during alveologenesis. These observations lay important groundwork for the further exploration of FGF function during normal lung development, as well as in aberrant lung development associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ruiz-Camp
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ntokou A, Klein F, Dontireddy D, Becker S, Bellusci S, Richardson WD, Szibor M, Braun T, Morty RE, Seeger W, Voswinckel R, Ahlbrecht K. Characterization of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α-positive cell lineage during murine late lung development. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L942-58. [PMID: 26320158 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00272.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduced number of alveoli is the structural hallmark of diseases of the neonatal and adult lung, where alveoli either fail to develop (as in bronchopulmonary dysplasia), or are progressively destroyed (as in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). To correct the loss of alveolar septa through therapeutic regeneration, the mechanisms of septa formation must first be understood. The present study characterized platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α-positive (PDGFRα(+)) cell populations during late lung development in mice. PDGFRα(+) cells (detected using a PDGFRα(GFP) reporter line) were noted around the proximal airways during the pseudoglandular stage. In the canalicular stage, PDGFRα(+) cells appeared in the more distal mesenchyme, and labeled α-smooth muscle actin-positive tip cells in the secondary crests and lipofibroblasts in the primary septa during alveolarization. Some PDGFRα(+) cells appeared in the mesenchyme of the adult lung. Over the course of late lung development, PDGFRα(+) cells consistently expressed collagen I, and transiently expressed markers of mesenchymal stem cells. With the use of both, a constitutive and a conditional PDGFRα(Cre) line, it was observed that PDGFRα(+) cells generated alveolar myofibroblasts including tip cells of the secondary crests, and lipofibroblasts. These lineages were committed before secondary septation. The present study provides new insights into the time-dependent commitment of the PDGFRα(+) cell lineage to lipofibroblasts and myofibroblasts during late lung development that is needed to better understand the cellular contribution to the process of alveolarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aglaia Ntokou
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research [Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL)], Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Friederike Klein
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research [Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL)], Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Daria Dontireddy
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research [Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL)], Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research [Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL)], Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - William D Richardson
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Marten Szibor
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research [Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL)], Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research [Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL)], Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Voswinckel
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research [Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL)], Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Ahlbrecht
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research [Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL)], Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yurt M, Liu J, Sakurai R, Gong M, Husain SM, Siddiqui MA, Husain M, Villarreal P, Akcay F, Torday JS, Rehan VK. Vitamin D supplementation blocks pulmonary structural and functional changes in a rat model of perinatal vitamin D deficiency. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L859-67. [PMID: 25305247 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00032.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas epidemiological data strongly link vitamin D (VD) deficiency to childhood asthma, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Although VD is known to stimulate alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, promoting perinatal lung maturation, whether VD supplementation during this period protects against childhood asthma has not been demonstrated experimentally. Using an in vivo rat model, we determined the effects of perinatal VD deficiency on overall pulmonary function and the tracheal contraction as a functional marker of airway contractility. One month before pregnancy, rat dams were put on either a no cholecalciferol-added or a 250, 500, or 1,000 IU/kg cholecalciferol-added diet, which was continued throughout pregnancy and lactation. At postnatal day 21, offspring plasma 25(OH)D levels and pulmonary function (whole body plethysmography and tracheal contraction response to acetylcholine) were determined. 25(OH)D levels were lowest in the no cholecalciferol-supplemented group, increasing incrementally in response to cholecalciferol supplementation. Compared with the 250 and 500 IU/kg VD-supplemented groups, the no cholecalciferol-supplemented group demonstrated a significant increase in airway resistance following methacholine challenge. However, the cholecalciferol deficiency-mediated increase in tracheal contractility in the cholecalciferol-depleted group was only blocked by supplementation with 500 IU/kg cholecalciferol. Therefore, in addition to altering alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal signaling, perinatal VD deficiency also alters airway contractility, providing novel insights to asthma pathogenesis in perinatally VD-deficient offspring. Perinatal VD supplementation at 500 IU/kg appears to effectively block these effects of perinatal VD deficiency in the rat model used, providing a strong clinical rationale for effective perinatal VD supplementation for preventing childhood asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Methap Yurt
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Torrance, California; and
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Torrance, California; and
| | - Reiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Torrance, California; and
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Torrance, California; and
| | - Sumair M Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Torrance, California; and
| | - Mohammed A Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Torrance, California; and
| | - Maleha Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Torrance, California; and
| | - Patricia Villarreal
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Torrance, California; and
| | - Fatih Akcay
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - John S Torday
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Torrance, California; and
| | - Virender K Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Torrance, California; and
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Popova AP, Bozyk PD, Bentley JK, Linn MJ, Goldsmith AM, Schumacher RE, Weiner GM, Filbrun AG, Hershenson MB. Isolation of tracheal aspirate mesenchymal stromal cells predicts bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics 2010; 126:e1127-33. [PMID: 20937656 PMCID: PMC3887445 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009-3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from tracheal aspirates of premature infants with respiratory distress. Under the influence of transforming growth factor β, MSCs differentiate into α-smooth-muscle actin-expressing myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts are increased in the lungs of patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of prematurely born infants. OBJECTIVE We tested whether isolation of MSCs from tracheal aspirates of premature infants with respiratory distress during the first week of life correlates with BPD. METHODS Eighty-four infants born at a gestational age of <33 weeks and requiring mechanical ventilation were studied. Aspirates were collected during suctioning and centrifuged. Cell pellets were resuspended in culture medium and plated. Adherent cells were grown to confluence. RESULTS MSCs were isolated from the tracheal aspirates of 56 infants; 28 aspirate samples showed no MSCs. There was no statistical difference in gestational age or birth weight between the MSC and no-MSC groups. In the MSC group, 12 infants died and 25 developed BPD, as defined by a requirement for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. In the no-MSC group, 6 infants died and 1 developed BPD. Accounting for potential influences of gender, birth weight, gestational age, number of tracheal aspirate samples taken, and the duration of endotracheal intubation (up to 7 days), isolation of MSCs increased the adjusted odds ratio of BPD more than 21-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.82-265.85). CONCLUSIONS Isolation of tracheal aspirate MSCs predicts the development of BPD, which suggests that MSCs play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia P. Popova
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Paul D. Bozyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - J. Kelley Bentley
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Marisa J. Linn
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Adam M. Goldsmith
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Robert E. Schumacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Amy G. Filbrun
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Marc B. Hershenson
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
,Address correspondence to: University of Michigan Medical School, MSRBII, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., RM. 3570B, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5688.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Torday JS, Sun H, Wang L, Torres E, Sunday ME, Rubin LP. Leptin mediates the parathyroid hormone-related protein paracrine stimulation of fetal lung maturation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002; 282:L405-10. [PMID: 11839533 PMCID: PMC2942763 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.2002.282.3.l405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing rat lung lipofibroblasts express leptin beginning on embryonic day (E) 17, increasing 7- to 10-fold by E20. Leptin and its receptor are expressed mutually exclusively by fetal lung fibroblasts and type II cells, suggesting a paracrine signaling "loop." This hypothesized mechanism is supported by the following experimental data: 1) leptin stimulates the de novo synthesis of surfactant phospholipid by both fetal rat type II cells (400% x 100 ng(-1) x ml(-1) x 24 h(-1)) and adult human airway epithelial cells (85% x 100 ng(-1) x 24 h(-1)); 2) leptin is secreted by lipofibroblasts in amounts that stimulate type II cell surfactant phospholipid synthesis in vitro; 3) epithelial cell secretions such as parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), PGE(2), and dexamethasone stimulate leptin expression by fetal rat lung fibroblasts; 4) PTHrP or leptin stimulate the de novo synthesis of surfactant phospholipid (2- to 2.5-fold/24 h) and the expression of surfactant protein B (SP-B; >25-fold/24 h) by fetal rat lung explants, an effect that is blocked by a leptin antibody; and 5) a PTHrP receptor antagonist inhibits the expression of leptin mRNA by explants but does not inhibit leptin stimulation of surfactant phospholipid or SP-B expression, indicating that PTHrP paracrine stimulation of type II cell maturation requires leptin expression by lipofibroblasts. This is the first demonstration of a paracrine loop that functionally cooperates to induce alveolar acinar lung development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Torday
- Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Research and Education Institute, Torrance, California 90502, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|