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Yin X, Li J, Bose D, Okamoto J, Kwon A, Jackson AU, Silva LF, Oravilahti A, Stringham HM, Ripatti S, Daly M, Palotie A, Scott LJ, Burant CF, Fauman EB, Wen X, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Morrison J. Metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization characterizes heterogeneous and shared causal effects of metabolites on human health. medRxiv 2023:2023.06.26.23291721. [PMID: 37425837 PMCID: PMC10327254 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.26.23291721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites are small molecules that are useful for estimating disease risk and elucidating disease biology. Nevertheless, their causal effects on human diseases have not been evaluated comprehensively. We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization to systematically infer the causal effects of 1,099 plasma metabolites measured in 6,136 Finnish men from the METSIM study on risk of 2,099 binary disease endpoints measured in 309,154 Finnish individuals from FinnGen. We identified evidence for 282 causal effects of 70 metabolites on 183 disease endpoints (FDR<1%). We found 25 metabolites with potential causal effects across multiple disease domains, including ascorbic acid 2-sulfate affecting 26 disease endpoints in 12 disease domains. Our study suggests that N-acetyl-2-aminooctanoate and glycocholenate sulfate affect risk of atrial fibrillation through two distinct metabolic pathways and that N-methylpipecolate may mediate the causal effect of N6, N6-dimethyllysine on anxious personality disorder. This study highlights the broad causal impact of plasma metabolites and widespread metabolic connections across diseases.
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2
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Yin X, Bose D, Kwon A, Hanks SC, Jackson AU, Stringham HM, Welch R, Oravilahti A, Fernandes Silva L, Locke AE, Fuchsberger C, Service SK, Erdos MR, Bonnycastle LL, Kuusisto J, Stitziel NO, Hall IM, Morrison J, Ripatti S, Palotie A, Freimer NB, Collins FS, Mohlke KL, Scott LJ, Fauman EB, Burant C, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Wen X. Integrating transcriptomics, metabolomics, and GWAS helps reveal molecular mechanisms for metabolite levels and disease risk. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1727-1741. [PMID: 36055244 PMCID: PMC9606383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomics data have been integrated with genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to help understand disease/trait molecular mechanisms. The utility of metabolomics, integrated with transcriptomics and disease GWASs, to understand molecular mechanisms for metabolite levels or diseases has not been thoroughly evaluated. We performed probabilistic transcriptome-wide association and locus-level colocalization analyses to integrate transcriptomics results for 49 tissues in 706 individuals from the GTEx project, metabolomics results for 1,391 plasma metabolites in 6,136 Finnish men from the METSIM study, and GWAS results for 2,861 disease traits in 260,405 Finnish individuals from the FinnGen study. We found that genetic variants that regulate metabolite levels were more likely to influence gene expression and disease risk compared to the ones that do not. Integrating transcriptomics with metabolomics results prioritized 397 genes for 521 metabolites, including 496 previously identified gene-metabolite pairs with strong functional connections and suggested 33.3% of such gene-metabolite pairs shared the same causal variants with genetic associations of gene expression. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics individually with FinnGen GWAS results identified 1,597 genes for 790 disease traits. Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics jointly with FinnGen GWAS results helped pinpoint metabolic pathways from genes to diseases. We identified putative causal effects of UGT1A1/UGT1A4 expression on gallbladder disorders through regulating plasma (E,E)-bilirubin levels, of SLC22A5 expression on nasal polyps and plasma carnitine levels through distinct pathways, and of LIPC expression on age-related macular degeneration through glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways. Our study highlights the power of integrating multiple sets of molecular traits and GWAS results to deepen understanding of disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Debraj Bose
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Annie Kwon
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarah C. Hanks
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Heather M. Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ryan Welch
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anniina Oravilahti
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Lilian Fernandes Silva
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | | | - Adam E. Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Susan K. Service
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Michael R. Erdos
- Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lori L. Bonnycastle
- Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland,Center for Medicine and Clinical Research, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Nathan O. Stitziel
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ira M. Hall
- Center for Genomic Health, Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jean Morrison
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology, and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nelson B. Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Molecular Genetics Section, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura J. Scott
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric B. Fauman
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charles Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70210, Finland.
| | - Xiaoquan Wen
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Swackhammer A, Provencher EAP, Donkor AK, Garofalo J, Dowling S, Garchitorena K, Phyo A, Ramírez Veliz N, Karen M, Kwon A, Diep R, Norris M, Safo MK, Pierce BD. Mechanistic Analysis of the VirA Sensor Kinase in Agrobacterium tumefaciens Using Structural Models. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:898785. [PMID: 35651496 PMCID: PMC9149312 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.898785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens pathogenesis of plants is initiated with signal reception and culminates with transforming the genomic DNA of its host. The histidine sensor kinase VirA receives and reacts to discrete signaling molecules for the full induction of the genes necessary for this process. Though many of the components of this process have been identified, the precise mechanism of how VirA coordinates the response to host signals, namely phenols and sugars, is unknown. Recent advances of molecular modeling have allowed us to test structure/function predictions and contextualize previous experiments with VirA. In particular, the deep mind software AlphaFold has generated a structural model for the entire protein, allowing us to construct a model that addresses the mechanism of VirA signal reception. Here, we deepen our analysis of the region of VirA that is critical for phenol reception, model and probe potential phenol-binding sites of VirA, and refine its mechanism to strengthen our understanding of A. tumefaciens signal perception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward A. P. Provencher
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Akua K. Donkor
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jessica Garofalo
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Sinead Dowling
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Ahkar Phyo
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Matthew Karen
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Annie Kwon
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rich Diep
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Michael Norris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Martin K. Safo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - B. Daniel Pierce
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States
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Kwon A, Ibrahim I, Le T, Jaso J, Weinberg O, Fuda F, Chen W. Colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor gene (CSF3R) T618I mutated chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: A proliferative subtype with a distinct mutational profile. Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myeloid neoplasm characterized by sustained monocytosis, ranging from cytopenia with a dysplastic subtype to leukocytosis with a proliferative subtype, with a typical mutational profile involving TET2, ASXL1, and SRSF2. Mutation in colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor gene (CSF3R) is commonly associated with chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) but exceedingly rare in CMML, particularly CSF3R T618I (~10 cases described, ~30 cases of CSF3R non-T618I mutations). We report a case of CSF3R T618I mutated CMML and compare the clinicopathologic features to reported CMML cases with and without CSF3R T618I mutations.
Methods/Case Report
A 27-year-old woman presented for evaluation of leukocytosis, sustained monocytosis, and anemia. Peripheral blood (PB) revealed leukocytosis (white cell count 35x109/L), left-shifted and dysplastic neutrophils (myelocytes and metamyelocytes, 5%), absolute and relative monocytosis (7x109/L, 29%), anemia (Hgb 4.3 g/dL), and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow aspirate and core biopsy demonstrated a hypercellular marrow with increased myeloblasts (~3%, immunophenotypically aberrant by flow cytometry), increased myelomonocytic cells, and multilineage dysplasia, including ring sideroblasts and hypolobated megakaryocytes. Cytogenetic and molecular studies revealed a normal karyotype and mutations in CSF3R T618I, ASXL1, SETBP1, BCORL1, KRAS, and PTPN11. Despite the presence of a CSF3R T618I mutation, CMML was diagnosed given marked monocytosis, left- shifted neutrophils in PB, multilineage dysplasia, and immunophenotypically aberrant myeloblasts.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA
Conclusion
Our case demonstrates clinicopathological features similar to those of reported CSF3R T618I mutated CMML, i.e., a proliferative subtype and less likely to have co-occurring mutations in TET2 or SRSF2, which is distinct from CSF3R non-T618I mutated CMML; the latter often has a dysplastic subtype and mutational profile of frequent TET2 and SRSF2 mutations, similar to CSF3R unmutated CMML. While additional cases with this unusual mutation need to be studied to arrive at a more definitive conclusion, the CSF3R T618I mutation seems to define a unique proliferative subtype CMML with a distinct mutational profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kwon
- Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - I Ibrahim
- Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - T Le
- Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - J Jaso
- Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - O Weinberg
- Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - F Fuda
- Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, UNITED STATES
| | - W Chen
- Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, UNITED STATES
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5
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Abstract
The emergence of multicellularity is strongly correlated with the expansion of tyrosine kinases, a conserved family of signaling enzymes that regulates pathways essential for cell-to-cell communication. Although tyrosine kinases have been classified from several model organisms, a molecular-level understanding of tyrosine kinase evolution across all holozoans is currently lacking. Using a hierarchical sequence constraint-based classification of diverse holozoan tyrosine kinases, we construct a new phylogenetic tree that identifies two ancient clades of cytoplasmic and receptor tyrosine kinases separated by the presence of an extended insert segment in the kinase domain connecting the D and E-helices. Present in nearly all receptor tyrosine kinases, this fast-evolving insertion imparts diverse functionalities, such as post-translational modification sites and regulatory interactions. Eph and EGFR receptor tyrosine kinases are two exceptions which lack this insert, each forming an independent lineage characterized by unique functional features. We also identify common constraints shared across multiple tyrosine kinase families which warrant the designation of three new subgroups: Src module (SrcM), insulin receptor kinase-like (IRKL), and fibroblast, platelet-derived, vascular, and growth factor receptors (FPVR). Subgroup-specific constraints reflect shared autoinhibitory interactions involved in kinase conformational regulation. Conservation analyses describe how diverse tyrosine kinase signaling functions arose through the addition of family-specific motifs upon subgroup-specific features and coevolving protein domains. We propose the oldest tyrosine kinases, IRKL, SrcM, and Csk, originated from unicellular premetazoans and were coopted for complex multicellular functions. The increased frequency of oncogenic variants in more recent tyrosine kinases suggests that lineage-specific functionalities are selectively altered in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayland Yeung
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Annie Kwon
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Rahil Taujale
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Claire Bunn
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Aarya Venkat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Nguyen M, Youssef R, Kwon A, Chen R, Park J. 252 Dermatology on TikTok: Analysis of content and creators. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Kim I, Rossano J, Kim H, Kim J, Kwon A, Cherikh W, Vece G, Stehlik J, Youn J. Predictors and Clinical Outcomes of Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Heart Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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8
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Kwon A, Scott S, Taujale R, Yeung W, Kochut KJ, Eyers PA, Kannan N. Tracing the origin and evolution of pseudokinases across the tree of life. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/578/eaav3810. [PMID: 31015289 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation by eukaryotic protein kinases (ePKs) is a fundamental mechanism of cell signaling in all organisms. In model vertebrates, ~10% of ePKs are classified as pseudokinases, which have amino acid changes within the catalytic machinery of the kinase domain that distinguish them from their canonical kinase counterparts. However, pseudokinases still regulate various signaling pathways, usually doing so in the absence of their own catalytic output. To investigate the prevalence, evolutionary relationships, and biological diversity of these pseudoenzymes, we performed a comprehensive analysis of putative pseudokinase sequences in available eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal proteomes. We found that pseudokinases are present across all domains of life, and we classified nearly 30,000 eukaryotic, 1500 bacterial, and 20 archaeal pseudokinase sequences into 86 pseudokinase families, including ~30 families that were previously unknown. We uncovered a rich variety of pseudokinases with notable expansions not only in animals but also in plants, fungi, and bacteria, where pseudokinases have previously received cursory attention. These expansions are accompanied by domain shuffling, which suggests roles for pseudokinases in plant innate immunity, plant-fungal interactions, and bacterial signaling. Mechanistically, the ancestral kinase fold has diverged in many distinct ways through the enrichment of unique sequence motifs to generate new families of pseudokinases in which the kinase domain is repurposed for noncanonical nucleotide binding or to stabilize unique, inactive kinase conformations. We further provide a collection of annotated pseudokinase sequences in the Protein Kinase Ontology (ProKinO) as a new mineable resource for the signaling community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Kwon
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Steven Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rahil Taujale
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Wayland Yeung
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Krys J Kochut
- Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Park J, Lee M, Kim J, Choi HJ, Kwon A, Chung HS, Hong SH, Park CS, Choi JH, Chae MS. Intraoperative Management to Prevent Cardiac Collapse in a Patient With a Recurrent, Large-volume Pericardial Effusion and Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation During Liver Transplantation: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:568-574. [PMID: 30879592 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericardial effusion is a common feature of end-stage liver disease. In this case report we describe the intraoperative management of recurrent pericardial effusion, without re-pericardiocentesis, to prevent circulatory collapse during a critical surgical time-point; that is, during manipulation of the major vessels and graft reperfusion. METHODS A 47-year-old woman with hepatitis B was scheduled to undergo deceased donor liver transplantation (LT). A large pericardial effusion was preoperatively identified using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The patient also had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Two days before surgery, preemptive pericardiocentesis was performed and the 1150-mL effusion was drained. Intraoperatively, recurrence of the large pericardial effusion was identified using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). During inferior vena cava manipulation, the surgeon consulted the anesthesiologist to evaluate the hemodynamic changes in the patient. After 3 attempts, the transplant team was able to determine the most appropriate anastomosis site, defined as that with the least impact on cardiac function. To prevent the development of severe postreperfusion syndrome, 10% MgSO4 (2 g) was gradually infused 20 minutes before portal vein declamping, and immediately before graft reperfusion a 100-μg bolus of epinephrine was administered. RESULTS During graft reperfusion, there was no evidence of heart chamber collapse or flow disturbance, as seen on the TEE findings. Postoperatively, the patient recovered completely and was discharged from the hospital. Six months after surgery, there was no sign of pericardial effusion on follow-up TTE. CONCLUSION Our intraoperative strategy may prevent cardiac collapse in patients with pericardial effusion detected during LT. Intraoperative TEE plays an important role in guiding hemodynamic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Kwon
- Department of Cardiology, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C S Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Chae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Bao T, Kwon A, Piulson L, Chen P, Li Q, Patil S, Seidman A, Blinder V, Vahdat L, Zhi WI, Mao JJ. Abstract P1-11-15: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer survivors: Comparison of objective and subjective measures. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p1-11-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, potentially debilitating, and dose-limiting side effect experienced by breast cancer survivors. CIPN encompasses symptoms such as pain, numbness, and tingling, which can be measured subjectively by patient-reported outcomes (PRO), or objectively by quantitative sensory testing (QST); however, little is known how QST correlates with symptom profiles measured by PRO.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using baseline data of two ongoing clinical trials of breast cancer survivors who experienced moderate to severe CIPN defined by pain, numbness, or tingling ratings of four or greater on a numeric rating scale (NRS) after chemotherapy completion for at least three months. PRO measures of CIPN symptoms included Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Gynecologic Oncology Group/Neurotoxicity subscale (FACT/GOG-Ntx). QST included tactile threshold (TT) measured by Von Frey's filaments, and vibration threshold (VT) measured by biothesiometer. We ran a Spearman correlation to assess the relationship between the subjective measures (NPS and FACT/GOG-Ntx) and objective measures (TT and VT QST).
Results: We included 52 sets of baseline data on 50 unique patients; two patients were enrolled in both trials at different times. Mean age was 61 years (SD 10) and 66% were white. The mean NRS pain score was 3.9 (SD 2.8), numbness 5.7 (SD 2.2), and tingling 4.3 (SD 2.8) on a 0-10 scale. The mean NPS total score was 39.2 (SD 23.1) on a 0-100 scale, and FACT/GOG-Ntx was 26.2 (SD 6.8) on a 0-44 scale. High scores on NRS and NPS and low scores on FACT/GOG-Ntx signify more severe CIPN symptoms. See Table 1 for a summary of the correlation between two questions on FACT/GOG-Ntx on tingling/numbness in hands and feet, and NPS total score with QST. A moderate correlation was observed between FACT/GOG-Ntx and QST results, suggesting patient-reported hand and foot numbness or tingling is associated with decreased hand and foot tactile and vibration perception. NPS was positively correlated with tactile perception for the hand and foot, but not with vibration perception.
Table 1.Correlation between objective and subjective measures of CIPN Tactile QSTVibration QST HandFeetHandFeetFACT/GOG-Ntx-0.33 (P=0.018)-0.28 (P=0.045)-0.37 (P=0.008)-0.40 (P=0.0034)NPS0.34 (P=0.015)0.32 (P=0.022)0.22 (P=0.12)0.03 (P=0.81)
Conclusions: A mild to moderate correlation was observed between subjective and objective measurements of CIPN. As CIPN presents a diverse range of symptoms, better quantifying the subjective and objective measures of CIPN can help incorporate these tools in observational and intervention trials. Understanding the correlation between PRO and QST can help establish QST as a reliable objective measurement of CIPN symptoms, and enable targeted interventions to alleviate CIPN symptoms.
Citation Format: Bao T, Kwon A, Piulson L, Chen P, Li Q, Patil S, Seidman A, Blinder V, Vahdat L, Zhi WI, Mao JJ. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer survivors: Comparison of objective and subjective measures [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - A Kwon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - L Piulson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - P Chen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Q Li
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - S Patil
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - A Seidman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - V Blinder
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - L Vahdat
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - WI Zhi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - JJ Mao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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11
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Park J, Jeong DC, Yoo J, Jang W, Chae H, Kim J, Kwon A, Choi H, Lee JW, Chung NG, Kim M, Kim Y. Correction to: Mutational characteristics of ANK1 and SPTB genes in hereditary spherocytosis. Clin Genet 2019; 95:341. [PMID: 30633350 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D-C Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Jang
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Samkwang Medical Laboratories, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Chae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Kwon
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Choi
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N-G Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Tejeda C, Wang E, Kwon A, Figeroa A, Christiano A. 073 Identification of alopecia areata autoantigens in C3H/HeJ mice using whole-skin homogenates. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Kwon A, John M, Ruan Z, Kannan N. Coupled regulation by the juxtamembrane and sterile α motif (SAM) linker is a hallmark of ephrin tyrosine kinase evolution. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5102-5116. [PMID: 29432127 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ephrin (Eph) receptor tyrosine kinases have evolutionarily diverged from other tyrosine kinases to respond to specific activation and regulatory signals that require close coupling of kinase catalytic and regulatory functions. However, the evolutionary basis for such functional coupling is not fully understood. We employed an evolutionary systems approach involving statistical mining of large sequence and structural data sets to define the hallmarks of Eph kinase evolution and functional specialization. We found that some of the most distinguishing Eph-specific residues structurally tether the flanking juxtamembrane and sterile α motif (SAM) linker regions to the kinase domain, and substitutions of these residues in EphA3 resulted in faster kinase activation. We report for the first time that the SAM domain linker is functionally coupled to the juxtamembrane through co-conserved residues in the kinase domain and that together these residues provide a structural framework for coupling catalytic and regulatory functions. The unique organization of Eph-specific tethering networks and the identification of other Eph-specific sequence features of unknown functions provide new hypotheses for future functional studies and new clues to disease mutations altering Eph kinase-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Kwon
- From the Institute of Bioinformatics and
| | - Mihir John
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Zheng Ruan
- From the Institute of Bioinformatics and
| | - Natarajan Kannan
- From the Institute of Bioinformatics and .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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14
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Tran M, Scalia G, Kwon A, Holt D, Kierle R, Holt G. Trans-Pulmonary Haemodynamics Using Exercise Stress Echocardiography Pulmonary to Left Atrial Ratio (ePLAR): A Comparison between Ironman Athletes, a Small Group of Age-Matched Controls, and a Large-Group General Community Cohort. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Srikanth K, Lee E, Kwon A, Shin J, Chung H. A comparative proteomic analysis of blood serum for developmental stages in pigs. Anim Genet 2017; 48:531-543. [PMID: 28703288 DOI: 10.1111/age.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to differentiate genes at developmental stages of pigs from 0 to 150 days of age, to build up a protein database and to find candidate genetic markers for growth traits. The analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization mass spectrometry separated 252 protein segments. After successfully blasting the peptide sequences, the analysis confirmed 37 differentially expressed proteins that increased from birth to 150 days of age (type A), whereas the type B proteins presented the inverse pattern. The type C proteins included proteins that were expressed continuously throughout the developmental periods. A total of 319 primer sets for 33 genes were designed to find genetic variants using pooled DNA samples of Yorkshire pigs. Amplification products for all primer sets produced approximately 20 000 clones that were sequenced, and 48 candidate SNP sites were finalized for genotyping. A total of 475 animals were used for high throughput genotyping analysis. Among these, phenotype data of all 475 animals were collected for average daily gain, backfat thickness and days to 90 kg, whereas feed conversion data were collected for 300 animals and body measurement traits (starting weight, ending weight, body length, wither height and chest depth) were collected for 209 animals. Association analysis found significant statistical differences between the animals having genotypes of 13 SNPs (g.78935883C>T, g.147629986C>T, g.98266037T>C, g.214707340G>A, g.88350299C>T, g.17180956C>T, g.17181024C>T, g.2350283A>G, g.138361311C>T, g.44996379C>T, g.44996247A>C, g.107715245C>T, g.4149631C>T) for the various measured traits. The identified genetic polymorphisms, of which one was novel (g.214707340G>A), may serve as candidate molecular markers to change population means for the targeted growth traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Srikanth
- Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Iseo, Wanju, 585-800, Korea
| | - E Lee
- Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Iseo, Wanju, 585-800, Korea
| | - A Kwon
- Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Iseo, Wanju, 585-800, Korea
| | - J Shin
- Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Iseo, Wanju, 585-800, Korea
| | - H Chung
- Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Iseo, Wanju, 585-800, Korea
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16
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Mohanty S, Oruganty K, Kwon A, Byrne DP, Ferries S, Ruan Z, Hanold LE, Katiyar S, Kennedy EJ, Eyers PA, Kannan N. Correction: Hydrophobic Core Variations Provide a Structural Framework for Tyrosine Kinase Evolution and Functional Specialization. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006265. [PMID: 27513745 PMCID: PMC4981435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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17
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Eades P, Kwon A, Rainbird A, Scalia G. Stress Echo Image Acquisition Quality is Dramatically Improved by a Novel Image Audit Program. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Eades P, Kwon A, Rainbird A, Scalia G. Weekly Anonymised Sonographer Performance League Table is a Simple and Effective Communication Tool to Improve Compliance with the Recording of Non-invasive Blood Pressure at the Time of Performing an Echocardiography. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Eades P, Kwon A, Rainbird A, Scalia G. Image Audit as A Part of a Quality Assurance Program is Feasible in a Large, Busy Australian Private Practice Across Multiple Sites, and Produces a Measurable Improvement in Study Quality. Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Stevenson J, Kwon A, Scalia G. How Good is Stroke Volume Calculation by the Doppler Continuity Method? Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Chae H, Kim M, Kim Y, Kim J, Kwon A, Choi H, Park J, Jang W, Lee YS, Park SH, Kim MS. Mutational spectrum of Korean patients with corneal dystrophy. Clin Genet 2016; 89:678-89. [PMID: 26748743 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Corneal dystrophy typically refers to a group of rare hereditary disorders with a heterogeneous genetic background. A comprehensive molecular genetic analysis was performed to characterize the genetic spectrum of corneal dystrophies in Korean patients. Patients with various corneal dystrophies underwent thorough ophthalmic examination, histopathologic examination, and Sanger sequencing. A total of 120 probands were included, with a mean age of 50 years (SD = 18 years) and 70% were female. A total of 26 mutations in five genes (14 clearly pathogenic and 12 likely pathogenic) were identified in 49 probands (41%). Epithelial-stromal TGFBI dystrophies, macular corneal dystrophy and Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD) showed 100% mutation detection rates, while endothelial corneal dystrophies showed lower detection rates of 3%. Twenty six non-duplicate mutations including eight novel mutations were identified and mutations associated with SCD were identified genetically for the first time in this population. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the genetic aberrations in Korean patients and also highlights the diagnostic value of molecular genetic analysis in corneal dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Kwon
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Choi
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Jang
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Park J, Jeong DC, Yoo J, Jang W, Chae H, Kim J, Kwon A, Choi H, Lee JW, Chung NG, Kim M, Kim Y. Mutational characteristics of ANK1 and SPTB genes in hereditary spherocytosis. Clin Genet 2016; 90:69-78. [PMID: 26830532 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the mutational characteristics in Korean hereditary spherocytosis (HS) patients. Relevant literatures including genetically confirmed cases with well-documented clinical summaries and relevant information were also reviewed to investigate the mutational gene- or domain-specific laboratory and clinical association. Twenty-five HS patients carried one heterozygous mutation of ANK1 (n = 13) or SPTB (n = 12) but not in SPTA1, SLC4A1, or EPB42. Deleterious mutations including frameshift, nonsense, and splice site mutations were identified in 91% (21/23), and non-hotspot mutations were dispersed across multiple exons. Genotype-phenotype correlation was clarified after combined analysis of the cases and the literature review; anemia was most severe in HS patients with mutations on the ANK1 spectrin-binding domain (p < 0.05), and SPTB mutations in HS patients spared the tetramerization domain in which mutations of hereditary elliptocytosis and pyropoikilocytosis are located. Splenectomy (17/75) was more frequent in ANK1 mutant HS (32%) than in HS with SPTB mutation (10%) (p = 0.028). Aplastic crisis occurred in 32.0% of the patients (8/25; 3 ANK1 and 5 SPTB), and parvovirus B19 was detected in 88%. The study clarifies ANK1 or SPTB mutational characteristics in HS Korean patients. The genetic association of laboratory and clinical aspects suggests comprehensive considerations for genetic-based management of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D-C Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Jang
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Samkwang Medical Laboratories, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Chae
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Kwon
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Choi
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N-G Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Jang W, Yoon JH, Park J, Lee GD, Kim J, Kwon A, Choi H, Han K, Nahm CH, Kim HJ, Min WS, Kim M, Kim Y. Significance of KIT exon 17 mutation depends on mutant level rather than positivity in core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e387. [PMID: 26771813 PMCID: PMC4742633 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
KIT exon 17 mutation is a poor prognostic factor in core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia. However, the mutation detection method used for risk assessment is not assigned. It is necessary to verify the analytical and clinical performance before applying new methods. Herein, we firstly applied a highly sensitive allele-specific, real-time quantitative PCR (AS-qPCR) assay to analyze KIT mutations, which demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity. Much higher incidence of KIT mutations (62.2%, 69/111) and prevalence of multiple mutations (43.5%, 30/69) were observed using AS-qPCR, which meant the existence of multiple KIT mutant subclones. The relative KIT mutant level was variable (median, 0.3 per control allele 100 copies, 0.002–532.7) and was divided into two groups: high (⩾10, n=26) and low (<10) mutant level. Interestingly, rather than mutation positivity, mutant level was found to be associated with clinical outcome. High mutant level showed significantly inferior overall survival (P=0.005) and event-free survival (P=0.03), whereas low level did not influence the prognosis. The follow-up data showed that the mutant level were along with fusion transcripts in the majority (n=29), but moved separately in some cases, including the loss of mutations (n=5) and selective proliferation of minor clones (n=2) at relapse. This study highlighted that the KIT mutation should be analyzed using sensitive and quantitative techniques and set a cutoff level for identifying the risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Yoon
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - G D Lee
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - A Kwon
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Choi
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - C H Nahm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - H-J Kim
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-S Min
- Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, College of Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Kim M, Yahng SA, Kwon A, Park J, Jeon YW, Yoon JH, Shin SH, Lee SE, Cho BS, Eom KS, Lee S, Min CK, Kim HJ, Cho SG, Kim DW, Lee JW, Min WS, Lee SH, Kim YJ. Mutation in TET2 or TP53 predicts poor survival in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome receiving hypomethylating treatment or stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2015; 50:1132-4. [PMID: 25961778 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2015.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-A Yahng
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - A Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-W Jeon
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Yoon
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-H Shin
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-E Lee
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - B-S Cho
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - K-S Eom
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Lee
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - C-K Min
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-J Kim
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-G Cho
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - D-W Kim
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-W Lee
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-S Min
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-H Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-J Kim
- Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Kwon A, Tran M, Edwards N, Scalia G. A novel insight into rapid changes in trans-pulmonary haemodynamic status pre- and post-Amplatzer atrial septal defect closure using the novel non-invasive parameter, “ePLAR”. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Kwon A, Scalia I, Scalia G. Quantification of trans-pulmonary physiology in ‘athlete’ population – a validation study of novel echocardiographic parameter “ePLAR”. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Rudd B, Kwon A, Scalia G. RV S’ VTI by DTI – a novel measure of right ventricular systolic function. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Kwon A, Park HJ, Baek K, Lee HL, Park JC, Woo KM, Ryoo HM, Baek JH. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid enhances odontoblast differentiation. J Dent Res 2012; 91:506-12. [PMID: 22447851 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512443367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors stimulate osteoblast differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo. However, the effects of HDAC inhibitors on odontoblasts have not been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an HDAC inhibitor, on odontoblast differentiation using an MDPC23 odontoblast-like cell line. SAHA significantly enhanced matrix mineralization and the expression levels of odontoblast marker genes. SAHA increased the expression levels of nuclear factor I/C (Nfic) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp). Nfic bound directly to the Dspp promoter and stimulated Dspp transcription. SAHA increased both basal and Nfic-induced Dspp promoter activity. SAHA-induced Dspp promoter activity disappeared when mutations were introduced within the Nfic binding element of the Dspp promoter. Nfic knockdown by siRNA blocked SAHA stimulation of Dspp expression. These results indicate that SAHA enhances odontoblast differentiation and that SAHA increases Dspp expression, at least in part, by increasing the expression level of Nfic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kwon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongun-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
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Fitzgerald B, Kwon A, Scalia G. The New Dimension in Aortic Measurements. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kwon A, Humphries J, Scalia G. For Better or Worse ? Application of the New American Society of Echocardiography Diastolic Function Assessment Guidelines into Routine Clinical Practice. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang B, Zhu Y, Yeo I, Kwon A, Henson C. SU-FF-T-132: CT-Based Intra-Cavitary High Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer: Planning and QA. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Gignac M, Wilens TE, Biederman J, Kwon A, Mick E, Swezey A. Assessing cannabis use in adolescents and young adults: what do urine screen and parental report tell you? J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2005; 15:742-50. [PMID: 16262591 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2005.15.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our analysis compares three approaches to detect the most common drug abused in early adulthood, cannabis: (1) report on direct structured interview; (2) indirect parental report; and (3) urine toxicology screen. METHODS We examined data on 207 subjects (36% also met criteria for alcohol abuse; 9% for alcohol dependence) derived from two prospective and ongoing family studies of boys and girls with or without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Assessments relied on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-E; under 18 years of age) and on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV; over 18 years of age). Urine samples were analyzed with Auccusign DOA5 (on-site screening assay). RESULTS Ninety-seven percent (97%) of individuals, who reported no use of cannabis within the past month, had a negative urine screening and 79% of individuals, who endorsed cannabis abuse/dependence, had a positive urine screening. The sensitivity of the direct structured interview report was 91%, the specificity 87%, the positive predicting value 67%, and the negative predictive value 97%. Indirect parental reports were found to be less informative on cannabis use than direct report. CONCLUSION Direct report of cannabis use, abuse, or dependence during the structured interview is both sensitive and specific when compared to urine toxicology screens and indirect parental reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gignac
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit of the Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Estrogen is a major factor in the development of breast cancer. In situ estrogen production by aromatase/estrogen synthetase in breast cancer plays a dominant role in tumor proliferation. Because natural compounds such as flavones and isoflavones have been shown to be inhibitors of aromatase, it is thought that vegetables that contain these phytochemicals can inhibit aromatase activity and suppress breast cancer cell proliferation. Heat-stable extracts were prepared from vegetables and screened for their ability to inhibit aromatase activity in a human placental microsome assay. The white button mushroom (species Agaricus bisporus) suppressed aromatase activity dose dependently. Enzyme kinetics demonstrated mixed inhibition, suggesting the presence of multiple inhibitors or more than one inhibitory mechanism. "In cell" aromatase activity and cell proliferation were measured using MCF-7aro, an aromatase-transfected breast cancer cell line. Phytochemicals in the mushroom aqueous extract inhibited aromatase activity and proliferation of MCF-7aro cells. These results suggest that diets high in mushrooms may modulate the aromatase activity and function in chemoprevention in postmenopausal women by reducing the in situ production of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Grube
- Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Abstract
Using a habituation-discrimination paradigm, the authors investigated what cues male golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) use to determine the top and bottom positions in flank gland over-marks. A difference in the ages of 2 hamsters' marks did not, by itself, produce differential memory or evaluation of the 2 scents. A spatial configuration of marks suggestive of an overlap was sufficient for the apparently overlapping scent to be remembered or valued more than the apparently underlying scent. Cues from the overlap of 2 hamsters' marks were also sufficient. These results, consistent with those previously found for responses to hamster vaginal scent over-marks, suggest that hamsters use similar cues to analyze scent over-marks that are different in chemical composition and in social functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, USA
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Kwon A, Kato M, Kawamura H, Yanai Y, Tokura H. Physiological significance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic textile materials during intermittent exercise in humans under the influence of warm ambient temperature with and without wind. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998; 78:487-93. [PMID: 9840402 DOI: 10.1007/s004210050450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this present study was to compare the physiological effects of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the fabrics investigated in exercising and resting subjects at an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C and a relative humidity of 50% with and without wind. Three kinds of clothing ensemble were tested: wool and cotton blend with high moisture regain (A), 100% cotton with intermediate moisture regain (B), 100% polyester clothing with low moisture regain (C). The experiments were performed using seven young adult women as subjects. They comprised six repeated periods of 10-min exercise on a cycle ergometer at an intensity of 40% maximal oxygen uptake followed by 5 min of rest (20 min for the last rest). The experiments comprised two sessions. During session I (first three repetitions of exercise and rest) the subjects were exposed to an indifferent wind velocity and during session II (last three repetitions of exercise and rest) they were exposed to a wind velocity of 1.5 m x s(-1). Rectal temperature and skin temperatures at eight sites, pulse rate and clothing microclimate were recorded throughout the whole period. The main findings can be summarized as follows: rectal temperature during session II was kept at a significantly lower level in A than in B and C. Clothing microclimate humidity at the chest was significantly lower in A than in B and C during session II. Skin and clothing microclimate temperatures at the chest were significantly lower in A than in B and C during session II. Pulse rate was significantly higher in C than in A and B during sessions I and II. It was concluded that the hydrophilic properties of the fabrics studied were of physiological significance for reducing heat strain during exercise and rest especially when influenced by wind.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kwon
- Department of Environmental Health, Nara Women's University, Japan
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Holland SM, Dorman SE, Kwon A, Pitha-Rowe IF, Frucht DM, Gerstberger SM, Noel GJ, Vesterhus P, Brown MR, Fleisher TA. Abnormal regulation of interferon-gamma, interleukin-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human interferon-gamma receptor 1 deficiency. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:1095-104. [PMID: 9806040 DOI: 10.1086/515670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections are critically controlled by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and the cellular responses it elaborates, as shown by patients with mutations in the IFN-gamma receptor ligand-binding chain (IFN-gamma R1) who have disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. The immunologic sequelae of IFN-gamma R1 deficiency were characterized in 2 unrelated patients from the Indian subcontinent with novel homozygous recessive IFN-gamma R1 mutations. In vitro, these patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells produced 10% of normal IFN-gamma and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) but normal amounts of IFN-gamma in response to PHA plus IL-12. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production was normal in response to endotoxin and to PHA but was not augmented by the addition of IFN-gamma. An abnormal phenotype was not found in heterozygous patient relatives. These patients demonstrate the critical role that the IFN-gamma receptor plays in the regulation of IFN-gamma, IL-12, and TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Holland
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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