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Nguyen HL, Geukens T, Maetens M, Aparicio S, Bassez A, Borg A, Brock J, Broeks A, Caldas C, Cardoso F, De Schepper M, Delorenzi M, Drukker CA, Glas AM, Green AR, Isnaldi E, Eyfjörð J, Khout H, Knappskog S, Krishnamurthy S, Lakhani SR, Langerod A, Martens JWM, McCart Reed AE, Murphy L, Naulaerts S, Nik-Zainal S, Nevelsteen I, Neven P, Piccart M, Poncet C, Punie K, Purdie C, Rakha EA, Richardson A, Rutgers E, Vincent-Salomon A, Simpson PT, Schmidt MK, Sotiriou C, Span PN, Tan KTB, Thompson A, Tommasi S, Van Baelen K, Van de Vijver M, Van Laere S, Van't Veer L, Viale G, Viari A, Vos H, Witteveen AT, Wildiers H, Floris G, Garg AD, Smeets A, Lambrechts D, Biganzoli E, Richard F, Desmedt C. Obesity-associated changes in molecular biology of primary breast cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4418. [PMID: 37479706 PMCID: PMC10361985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer (BC) and worse prognosis in BC patients, yet its impact on BC biology remains understudied in humans. This study investigates how the biology of untreated primary BC differs according to patients' body mass index (BMI) using data from >2,000 patients. We identify several genomic alterations that are differentially prevalent in overweight or obese patients compared to lean patients. We report evidence supporting an ageing accelerating effect of obesity at the genetic level. We show that BMI-associated differences in bulk transcriptomic profile are subtle, while single cell profiling allows detection of more pronounced changes in different cell compartments. These analyses further reveal an elevated and unresolved inflammation of the BC tumor microenvironment associated with obesity, with distinct characteristics contingent on the estrogen receptor status. Collectively, our analyses imply that obesity is associated with an inflammaging-like phenotype. We conclude that patient adiposity may play a significant role in the heterogeneity of BC and should be considered for BC treatment tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Linh Nguyen
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Geukens
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marion Maetens
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ayse Bassez
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Cancer Center Lund, Lund, Sweden
- CREATE Health Strategic Centre for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, SCIBLU Genomics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jane Brock
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Departments of Core Facility, Molecular Pathology and Biobanking, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and Department of Oncology, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maxim De Schepper
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline A Drukker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Edoardo Isnaldi
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jórunn Eyfjörð
- BioMedical Center, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Hazem Khout
- Department of Breast Surgery, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Stian Knappskog
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Savitri Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Anita Langerod
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausseen, Oslo, Norway
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amy E McCart Reed
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Leigh Murphy
- University of Manitoba and Cancer Care Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Stefan Naulaerts
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ines Nevelsteen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Piccart
- Institut Jules Bordet and Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Coralie Poncet
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Punie
- Department of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Unit, Leuven Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Colin Purdie
- Department of Pathology, University of Dundee, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Emiel Rutgers
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Diagnostic and Theranostic Medicine Division, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Peter T Simpson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul N Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kiat Tee Benita Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Breast Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alastair Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumouri "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Karen Van Baelen
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laura Van't Veer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alain Viari
- Synergie Lyon Cancer, Plateforme de Bio-informatique 'Gilles Thomas', Lyon, France
| | - Hanne Vos
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Unit, Leuven Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elia Biganzoli
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC) "L. Sacco" & DSRC, LITA Vialba campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - François Richard
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Liefaard MC, van der Voort A, van Ramshorst MS, Sanders J, Vonk S, Horlings HM, Siesling S, de Munck L, van Leeuwen AE, Kleijn M, Mittempergher L, Kuilman MM, Glas AM, Wesseling J, Lips EH, Sonke GS. BluePrint molecular subtypes predict response to neoadjuvant pertuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:71. [PMID: 37337299 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of pertuzumab has greatly improved pathological complete response (pCR) rates in HER2-positive breast cancer, yet effects on long-term survival have been limited and it is uncertain which patients derive most benefit. In this study, we determine the prognostic value of BluePrint subtyping in HER2-positive breast cancer. Additionally, we evaluate its use as a biomarker for predicting response to trastuzumab-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without pertuzumab. METHODS From a cohort of patients with stage II-III HER2-positive breast cancer who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab with or without pertuzumab, 836 patients were selected for microarray gene expression analysis, followed by readout of BluePrint standard (HER2, Basal and Luminal) and dual subtypes (HER2-single, Basal-single, Luminal-single, HER2-Basal, Luminal-HER2, Luminal-HER2-Basal). The associations between subtypes and pathological complete response (pCR), overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were assessed, and pertuzumab benefit was evaluated within the BluePrint subgroups. RESULTS BluePrint results were available for 719 patients. In patients with HER2-type tumors, the pCR rate was 71.9% in patients who received pertuzumab versus 43.5% in patients who did not (adjusted Odds Ratio 3.43, 95% CI 2.36-4.96). Additionally, a significantly decreased hazard was observed for both OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.45, 95% CI 0.25-0.80) and BCSS (aHR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.86) with pertuzumab treatment. Findings were similar in the HER2-single subgroup. No significant benefit of pertuzumab was seen in other subtypes. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HER2-type or HER2-single-type tumors, pertuzumab significantly improved the pCR rate and decreased the risk of breast cancer mortality, which was not observed in other subtypes. BluePrint subtyping may be valuable in future studies to identify patients that are likely to be highly sensitive to HER2-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Liefaard
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A van der Voort
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M S van Ramshorst
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Sanders
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vonk
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology and Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H M Horlings
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Siesling
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Technology and Services Research, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - L de Munck
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A E van Leeuwen
- Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group, BOOG Study Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kleijn
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Mittempergher
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M M Kuilman
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M Glas
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Wesseling
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E H Lips
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G S Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Kuilman MM, Ellappalayam A, Barcaru A, Haan JC, Bhaskaran R, Wehkamp D, Menicucci AR, Audeh WM, Mittempergher L, Glas AM. BluePrint breast cancer molecular subtyping recognizes single and dual subtype tumors with implications for therapeutic guidance. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 195:263-274. [PMID: 35984580 PMCID: PMC9464757 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose BluePrint (BP) is an 80-gene molecular subtyping test that classifies early-stage breast cancer (EBC) into Basal, Luminal, and HER2 subtypes. In most cases, breast tumors have one dominant subtype, representative of a single activated pathway. However, some tumors show a statistically equal representation of more than one subtype, referred to as dual subtype. This study aims to identify and examine dual subtype tumors by BP to understand their biology and possible implications for treatment guidance. Methods The BP scores of over 15,000 tumor samples from EBC patients were analyzed, and the differences between the highest and the lowest scoring subtypes were calculated. Based upon the distribution of the differences between BP scores, a threshold was determined for each subtype to identify dual versus single subtypes. Results Approximately 97% of samples had one single activated BluePrint molecular subtype, whereas ~ 3% of samples were classified as BP dual subtype. The most frequently occurring dual subtypes were the Luminal-Basal-type and Luminal-HER2-type. Luminal-Basal-type displays a distinct biology from the Luminal single type and Basal single type. Burstein’s classification of the single and dual Basal samples showed that the Luminal-Basal-type is mostly classified as ‘luminal androgen receptor’ and ‘mesenchymal’ subtypes, supporting molecular evidence of AR activation in the Luminal-Basal-type tumors. Tumors classified as Luminal-HER2-type resemble features of both Luminal-single-type and HER2-single-type. However, patients with dual Luminal-HER2-type have a lower pathological complete response after receiving HER2-targeted therapies in addition to chemotherapy in comparison with patients with a HER2-single-type. Conclusion This study demonstrates that BP identifies tumors with two active functional pathways (dual subtype) with specific transcriptional characteristics and highlights the added value of distinguishing BP dual from single subtypes as evidenced by distinct treatment response rates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10549-022-06698-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midas M Kuilman
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia N.V, Radarweg 60, 1043 NT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Architha Ellappalayam
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia N.V, Radarweg 60, 1043 NT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei Barcaru
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia N.V, Radarweg 60, 1043 NT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josien C Haan
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia N.V, Radarweg 60, 1043 NT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rajith Bhaskaran
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia N.V, Radarweg 60, 1043 NT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Wehkamp
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia N.V, Radarweg 60, 1043 NT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea R Menicucci
- Department of Medical Affairs, Agendia Inc, 22 Morgan, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - William M Audeh
- Department of Medical Affairs, Agendia Inc, 22 Morgan, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Lorenza Mittempergher
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia N.V, Radarweg 60, 1043 NT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Annuska M Glas
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia N.V, Radarweg 60, 1043 NT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mittempergher L, Kuilman MM, Barcaru A, Nota B, Delahaye LJ, Audeh MW, Wolf DM, Yau C, Brown Swigart L, Hirst GL, Symmans WFF, Lu R, Liu MC, Nanda R, Esserman L, van 't Veer L, Glas AM. The ImPrint immune signature to identify patients with high-risk early breast cancer who may benefit from PD1 checkpoint inhibition in I-SPY2. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
514 Background: The remarkable increase of novel Immuno-Oncology drugs in many malignancies has led to the need for biomarkers to identify who would benefit. Various predictive biomarkers have been developed (PD-1/PD-L1 expression, mutations in mismatch repair genes and microsatellite instability, tumor mutational burden and immune infiltration), none have consistently predicted efficacy. The I-SPY2 consortium qualified several expression-based immune biology related signatures that predict response to PD1 checkpoint inhibition. Here we assessed whole transcriptome data of high-risk early-breast cancer (EBC) patients who received Pembrolizumab within the neoadjuvant biomarker-rich I-SPY2 trial (NCT01042379), aiming to migrate the I-SPY2 research findings to a robust clinical grade platform signature to predict sensitivity to PD1 checkpoint inhibition. Methods: Whole transcriptome microarray data were available from pre-treatment biopsies of 69 HER2- patients enrolled in the Pembrolizumab (4 cycles) arm of the I-SPY2 trial. All patients had a High-Risk 70-gene MammaPrint profile. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was defined as no residual invasive cancer in breast or nodes at the time of surgery. Of the 69 patients, 31 had a pCR (12 HR (hormonal receptor)+HER2-, 19 Triple Negative (TN)), while 38 (28 HR+HER2-, 10 TN) had residual disease (RD). To identify the most predictive genes associated with pCR, gene selection was performed comparing pCR and RD groups by iteratively splitting the dataset in training and test, balancing for HR status. Due to limited sample size, leave one out cross validation was used for performance assessment. Genes with effect size > 0.45 were considered significant. Results: A signature of 53 genes, named ImPrint, was identified with overall sensitivity and specificity > 90% and > 80% for predicting pCR to pembrolizumab in all patients. Sensitivity and specificity in TN were > 95% and ≥70%, and in HR+HER2- > 80% and > 85%, respectively. The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) is 77% for the HR+HER2- subgroup. Biological annotation of the 53 genes showed that over 90% of the genes have known immune system related functions, of which 63% were previously known to be involved in immune response (including genes coding PD-L1 and PD-1, as well as those identified in I-SPY2). Conclusions: In the signature development phase, ImPrint predicts pCR to Pembrolizumab in a set of 69 high risk EBC with high sensitivity and specificity. The signature features genes with immune-related functions known to be involved in immune response indicating that it might aid identifying patients with an immune-active phenotype. Importantly, ImPrint appears effective in identifying a subset of HR+HER2- patients who could benefit from immunotherapy. External validation in independent dataset(s) is ongoing and will be presented at the time of the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - W. Fraser Fraser Symmans
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Rita Nanda
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Laura Esserman
- University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Laura van 't Veer
- Agendia,The University of California San Francisco, San Francsico, CA
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Lopes Cardozo JMN, Drukker CA, Rutgers EJT, Schmidt MK, Glas AM, Witteveen A, Cardoso F, Piccart M, Esserman LJ, Poncet C, van 't Veer LJ. Outcome of Patients With an Ultralow-Risk 70-Gene Signature in the MINDACT Trial. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:1335-1345. [PMID: 35061525 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with 70-gene signature ultralow-risk breast cancers have shown excellent survival in historic cohorts, including randomized trials. The ultralow-risk subgroup was characterized to help avoid overtreatment. We evaluated outcomes of ultralow-risk patients in the largest cohort to date. METHODS Of the 6,693 patients enrolled in the EORTC-10041/BIG-3-04 randomized phase III MINDACT trial, profiling revealed an ultralow-risk 70-gene signature in 1,000 patients (15%). Distant metastasis-free interval (DMFI) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were assessed in patients stratified by 70-gene signature result (high, low, and ultralow) by Kaplan-Meier analysis and hazard ratios with 95% CI from Cox regression. RESULTS Median follow-up was 8.7 years. Of the ultralow-risk patients (n = 1,000), 67% were > 50 years, 81% had tumors ≤ 2 cm, 80% were lymph node-negative, 96% had grade 1 or 2 tumors, and 99% were estrogen receptor (ER)-positive. Systemic therapy was received by 84% of patients (69% endocrine therapy, 14% endocrine therapy plus chemotherapy, 1% other) and 16% received no adjuvant systemic treatment. The 8-year DMFI for ultralow-risk patients was 97.0% (95% CI, 95.8 to 98.1), which was 2.5% higher than for patients with low-risk tumors (n = 3,295, 94.5% [95% CI, 93.6 to 95.3]). The hazard ratio for DMFI was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.94) for ultralow versus low risk, after adjusting for clinical-pathologic and treatment characteristics. The 8-year BCSS for ultralow-risk patients was 99.6% (95% CI, 99.1 to 100). CONCLUSION Patients with an ultralow-risk 70-gene signature have the best prognosis, distinctive from low risk, with 8-year BCSS above 99%, and very few patients developed distant metastases with an 8-year DMFI rate of 97%. These patients could be candidates for further de-escalation of treatment, to avoid overtreatment and the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M N Lopes Cardozo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline A Drukker
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel J T Rutgers
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Fatima Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martine Piccart
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura J Esserman
- Department of Surgery, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Coralie Poncet
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura J van 't Veer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
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6
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Crozier JA, Barone J, Whitworth P, Cheong A, Maganini R, Tamayo JP, Dauer P, Wang S, Audeh W, Glas AM. High concordance of 70-gene recurrence risk signature and 80-gene molecular subtyping signature between core needle biopsy and surgical resection specimens in early-stage breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 2021; 125:596-602. [PMID: 34964996 PMCID: PMC9305900 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES With increased neoadjuvant therapy recommendations for early-stage breast cancer patients due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative that molecular diagnostic assays provide reliable results from preoperative core needle biopsies (CNB). The study objective was to determine the concordance of MammaPrint and BluePrint results between matched CNB and surgical resection (SR) specimens. METHODS Matched tumor specimens (n = 121) were prospectively collected from women enrolled in the FLEX trial (NCT03053193). Concordance is reported using overall percentage agreement and Cohen's kappa coefficient. Correlation is reported using Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS We found good concordance for MammaPrint results between matched tumor samples (90.9%, κ = 0.817), and a very strong correlation of MammaPrint indices (r = 0.94). The concordance of BluePrint subtyping in matched samples was also excellent (98.3%). CONCLUSIONS CNB samples demonstrated high concordance with paired SR samples for MammaPrint risk classification and BluePrint molecular subtyping, suggesting that physicians are provided with accurate prognostic information that can be used to guide therapy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Crozier
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Baptist MD Anderson, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Julie Barone
- SCL Health, St. Joseph's Hospital, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Pat Whitworth
- Department of Surgery, Nashville Breast Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abraham Cheong
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Southeast Georgia Health System, Brunswick, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert Maganini
- Division of Oncology, AMITA Health Alexian Brothers, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, USA
| | - Jose Perez Tamayo
- Department of Radiology, Ogden Regional Medical Center, Ogden, Utah, USA
| | - Patricia Dauer
- Division of Medical Affairs, Agendia Inc., Irvine, California, USA
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Division of Medical Affairs, Agendia Inc., Irvine, California, USA
| | - William Audeh
- Division of Medical Affairs, Agendia Inc., Irvine, California, USA
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7
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Haan JC, Bhaskaran R, Ellappalayam A, Bijl Y, Griffioen CJ, Lujinovic E, Audeh WM, Penault-Llorca F, Mittempergher L, Glas AM. MammaPrint and BluePrint comprehensively capture the cancer hallmarks in early-stage breast cancer patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2021; 61:148-160. [PMID: 34841595 PMCID: PMC9299843 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MammaPrint® (MP) is a 70‐gene signature that stratifies early‐stage breast cancer patients into low‐ and high risk of distant relapse. Further stratification of MP risk results identifies four risk subgroups, ultra‐low (UL), low, high 1, and high 2, with specific prognostic and predictive outcomes. BluePrint® (BP) is an 80‐gene signature that classifies breast tumors as basal, luminal, or HER2 molecular subtype. To gain insight into their biological significance, we annotated the MP 70‐ and BP 80‐genes with respect to the 10 hallmarks of cancer (HoC). Furthermore, we related gene expression profiles of the extreme ends of the MP low‐ and high‐risk patients (here called, ultra‐low (UL) and ultra‐high (UH) or High2, respectively), to the 10 HoC per BP subtype by differential gene expression and pathway analysis. MP and BP gene functions reflected all 10 HoCs. Most MP and BP genes were associated with sustaining proliferative signaling, followed by genome instability and mutation categories. Based on the gene expression profiles, UL and UH subgroup pathways were down ‐or upregulated, respectively, reflecting proliferative and metastatic features, such as G2M checkpoint, DNA repair, oxidative phosphorylation, immune invasion, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, and hypoxia pathways. Notably, the UH HER2‐type was enriched in several immune signaling pathways, such as IL2/STAT5 signaling and TNFα signaling via NFκB. Our results show that MP and BP gene signatures represent and capture all 10 HoCs and highlight underlying biological processes of MP extreme samples, which might guide treatment decisions as the signature captures the full spectrum of early breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josien C Haan
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rajith Bhaskaran
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yannick Bijl
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,UMR INSERM 1240, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Annuska M Glas
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Piccart M, van 't Veer LJ, Poncet C, Lopes Cardozo JMN, Delaloge S, Pierga JY, Vuylsteke P, Brain E, Vrijaldenhoven S, Neijenhuis PA, Causeret S, Smilde TJ, Viale G, Glas AM, Delorenzi M, Sotiriou C, Rubio IT, Kümmel S, Zoppoli G, Thompson AM, Matos E, Zaman K, Hilbers F, Fumagalli D, Ravdin P, Knox S, Tryfonidis K, Peric A, Meulemans B, Bogaerts J, Cardoso F, Rutgers EJT. 70-gene signature as an aid for treatment decisions in early breast cancer: updated results of the phase 3 randomised MINDACT trial with an exploratory analysis by age. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:476-488. [PMID: 33721561 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MINDACT trial showed excellent 5-year distant metastasis-free survival of 94·7% (95% CI 92·5-96·2) in patients with breast cancer of high clinical and low genomic risk who did not receive chemotherapy. We present long-term follow-up results together with an exploratory analysis by age. METHODS MINDACT was a multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial done in 112 academic and community hospitals in nine European countries. Patients aged 18-70 years, with histologically confirmed primary invasive breast cancer (stage T1, T2, or operable T3) with up to three positive lymph nodes, no distant metastases, and a WHO performance status of 0-1 were enrolled and their genomic risk (using the MammaPrint 70-gene signature) and clinical risk (using a modified version of Adjuvant! Online) were determined. Patients with low clinical and low genomic risk results did not receive chemotherapy, and patients with high clinical and high genomic risk did receive chemotherapy (mostly anthracycline-based or taxane-based, or a combination thereof). Patients with discordant risk results (ie, patients with high clinical risk but low genomic risk, and those with low clinical risk but high genomic risk) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive chemotherapy or not based on either the clinical risk or the genomic risk. Randomisation was done centrally and used a minimisation technique that was stratified by institution, risk group, and clinical-pathological characteristics. Treatment allocation was not masked. The primary endpoint was to test whether the distant metastasis-free survival rate at 5 years in patients with high clinical risk and low genomic risk not receiving chemotherapy had a lower boundary of the 95% CI above the predefined non-inferiority boundary of 92%. In the primary test population of patients with high clinical risk and low genomic risk who adhered to the treatment allocation of no chemotherapy and had no change in risk post-enrolment. Here, we present updated follow-up as well as an exploratory analysis of a potential age effect (≤50 years vs >50 years) and an analysis by nodal status for patients with hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative disease. These analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00433589, and the European Clinical Trials database, EudraCT2005-002625-31. Recruitment is complete and further long-term follow-up is ongoing. FINDINGS Between Feb 8, 2007, and July 11, 2011, 6693 patients were enrolled. On Feb 26, 2020, median follow-up was 8·7 years (IQR 7·8-9·7). The updated 5-year distant metastasis-free survival rate for patients with high clinical risk and low genomic risk receiving no chemotherapy (primary test population, n=644) was 95·1% (95% CI 93·1-96·6), which is above the predefined non-inferiority boundary of 92%, supporting the previous analysis and proving MINDACT as a positive de-escalation trial. Patients with high clinical risk and low genomic risk were randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy (n=749) or not (n=748); this was the intention-to-treat population. The 8-year estimates for distant metastasis-free survival in the intention-to-treat population were 92·0% (95% CI 89·6-93·8) for chemotherapy versus 89·4% (86·8-91·5) for no chemotherapy (hazard ratio 0·66; 95% CI 0·48-0·92). An exploratory analysis confined to the subset of patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative disease (1358 [90.7%] of 1497 randomly assigned patients, of whom 676 received chemotherapy and 682 did not) shows different effects of chemotherapy administration on 8-year distant metastasis-free survival according to age: 93·6% (95% CI 89·3-96·3) with chemotherapy versus 88·6% (83·5-92·3) without chemotherapy in 464 women aged 50 years or younger (absolute difference 5·0 percentage points [SE 2·8, 95% CI -0·5 to 10·4]) and 90·2% (86·8-92·7) versus 90·0% (86·6-92·6) in 894 women older than 50 years (absolute difference 0·2 percentage points [2·1, -4·0 to 4·4]). The 8-year distant metastasis-free survival in the exploratory analysis by nodal status in these patients was 91·7% (95% CI 88·1-94·3) with chemotherapy and 89·2% (85·2-92·2) without chemotherapy in 699 node-negative patients (absolute difference 2·5 percentage points [SE 2·3, 95% CI -2·1 to 7·2]) and 91·2% (87·2-94·0) versus 89·9% (85·8-92·8) for 658 patients with one to three positive nodes (absolute difference 1·3 percentage points [2·4, -3·5 to 6·1]). INTERPRETATION With a more mature follow-up approaching 9 years, the 70-gene signature shows an intact ability of identifying among women with high clinical risk, a subgroup, namely patients with a low genomic risk, with an excellent distant metastasis-free survival when treated with endocrine therapy alone. For these women the magnitude of the benefit from adding chemotherapy to endocrine therapy remains small (2·6 percentage points) and is not enhanced by nodal positivity. However, in an underpowered exploratory analysis this benefit appears to be age-dependent, as it is only seen in women younger than 50 years where it reaches a clinically relevant threshold of 5 percentage points. Although, possibly due to chemotherapy-induced ovarian function suppression, it should be part of informed, shared decision making. Further study is needed in younger women, who might need reinforced endocrine therapy to forego chemotherapy. FUNDING European Commission Sixth Framework Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Piccart
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Laura J van 't Veer
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Coralie Poncet
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jean-Yves Pierga
- Institut Curie, Paris & Saint-Cloud, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Etienne Brain
- Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Viale
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy; European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Gruppo Oncologico Italiano di Ricerca Clinica, Università degli Studi di Genova and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Khalil Zaman
- Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Peter Ravdin
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Susan Knox
- Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Aleksandra Peric
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Meulemans
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Bogaerts
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- Champalimaud Clinical Center, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
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Haan JC, Bhaskaran R, Mittempergher L, Lujinovic E, Audeh W, Penault-Llorca F, Glas AM. Unravelling the biological characteristics of MammaPrint ultra-low risk group. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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10
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Schlicker A, Ellappalayam A, Beumer IJ, Snel MHJ, Mittempergher L, Diosdado B, Dreezen C, Tian S, Salazar R, Loupakis F, Pietrantonio F, Santos Vivas C, Martinez-Villacampa MM, Villanueva A, Sanjuán X, Schirripa M, Fassan M, Martinetti A, Fucà G, Lonardi S, Keilholz U, Glas AM, Bernards R, Vecchione L. Investigating the concordance in molecular subtypes of primary colorectal tumors and their matched synchronous liver metastasis. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2303-2315. [PMID: 32270478 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To date, no systematic analyses are available assessing concordance of molecular classifications between primary tumors (PT) and matched liver metastases (LM) of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We investigated concordance between PT and LM for four clinically relevant CRC gene signatures. Twenty-seven fresh and 55 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pairs of PT and synchronous LM of untreated mCRC patients were retrospectively collected and classified according to the MSI-like, BRAF-like, TGFB activated-like and the Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS) classification. We investigated classification concordance between PT and LM and association of TGFBa-like and CMS classification with overall survival. Fifty-one successfully profiled matched pairs were used for analyses. PT and matched LM were highly concordant in terms of BRAF-like and MSI-like signatures, (90.2% and 98% concordance, respectively). In contrast, 40% to 70% of PT that were classified as mesenchymal-like, based on the CMS and the TGFBa-like signature, respectively, lost this phenotype in their matched LM (60.8% and 76.5% concordance, respectively). This molecular switch was independent of the microenvironment composition. In addition, the significant change in subtypes was observed also by using methods developed to detect cancer cell-intrinsic subtypes. More importantly, the molecular switch did not influence the survival. PT classified as mesenchymal had worse survival as compared to nonmesenchymal PT (CMS4 vs CMS2, hazard ratio [HR] = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.5-18.5, P = .0048; TGFBa-like vs TGFBi-like, HR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1-5.6, P = .028). The same was not true for LM. Our study highlights that the origin of the tissue may have major consequences for precision medicine in mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Begona Diosdado
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sun Tian
- Agendia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Salazar
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, ONCOBELL - lDIBELL, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Santos Vivas
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, ONCOBELL - lDIBELL, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Mercedes Martinez-Villacampa
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, ONCOBELL - lDIBELL, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Translational Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sanjuán
- Department of Pathology, Bellvitge Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schirripa
- Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonia Martinetti
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fucà
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - René Bernards
- Agendia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loredana Vecchione
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology (CCM) Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Mittempergher L, McKelley J, Bhaskaran R, Uygun S, Bernards R, van 't Veer LJ, Glas AM, Audeh W. Abstract P4-10-24: Cyclin E overexpression is associated with high risk 70 gene signature, and may indicate intrinsic resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-p4-10-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The use of CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) is a promising therapeutic strategy for recurrent ER+, HER2- breast cancers that have escaped previous treatment targeting the endocrine pathway. A number of adjuvant and neoadjuvant trials with CDK4/6i in early breast cancer are also underway. However, no clear predictive biomarkers for resistance are available other than loss of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene. Cyclin E genes (CCNE1, CCNE2) play a critical role in cell cycle control with approximately 25% of breast cancer overexpressing CCNE2, and there is a significant correlation between CCNE2 and CCNE1 expression1,2,3. Furthermore, a positive correlation between expression of CCNE1 and resistance to CDK4/6i (i.e. palbociclib)4,5,6 has been reported in vitro and in a gene expression analysis from the PALOMA-3 trial. The 70-gene MammaPrint® (MP) signature is a prognostic assay that stratifies early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) patients into Low and High-risk of distant relapse. One of the 70 genes is CCNE2, shown to be associated with resistance to both endocrine therapy and CDK4 inhibition7. Considering the potential role of the Cyclin E genes as biomarker of resistance for CDK4/6i, we assessed the expression of CCNE2 in a large series of ESBCs with respect to their MP risk profile.
Methods: The mRNA expression of CCNE2 (and CCNE1) was measured in a series of 5022 breast cancer samples for which FFPE microarray full-transcriptome data were available for testing. Intensities were Lowess normalized and log2 transformed. The 80-gene BluePrint (BP) profile8 was used in combination with MP to stratify patient samples based on their molecular subtype: Luminal A- (MP Low Risk, BP Luminal), Luminal B- (MP High Risk, BP Luminal), HER2- and Basal-type. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to examine expression differences.
Results: CCNE2 is significantly higher expressed in MP High risk compared to MP Low risk tumors when all samples are included (p <0.0001). When looking at the clinically ER positive BP Luminal group, CCNE2 is significantly higher expressed in the Luminal B compared to the Luminal A tumors (p <0.0001). However, we observe a broad distribution of CCNE2 expression within the Luminal group, indicating a biological diversity in both Luminal A and B tumors, which CCNE2 may help to further define. Specifically, Luminal B tumors have a range of CCNE2 expression with the highest levels being in the highest MP risk interval (Ultra High). Of importance, CCNE1 showed similar expression patterns as CCNE2.
Conclusions: Our preliminary results show that MP could help in stratifying BP Luminal-type B tumors in subgroups with differential CCNE2 expression. Since increased CCNE1 expression is correlated with CDK4/6i resistance, and CCNE2 is a functionally-related gene whose expression correlates to some extent with CCNE1, it is reasonable to speculate that high CCNE2 expression and MP High Risk Luminal B may also correlate with CDK4/6i resistance, a testable hypothesis.
This warrants additional analyses that integrate treatment response data to support and further investigate these observations. Our exploratory analysis also highlights the added value of a multi-gene signature profile versus single-gene testing as tool for patient stratification and treatment recommendation.
Refernces:
1. Asghar U et al Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2015
2. Caldon C et al Cell Div. 2010
3. Payton M et al Oncogene. 2002
4. Turner N et al. J Clin Oncol. 2019
5. Chandarlapaty S et al J Clin Oncol. 2019
6. Guarducci C et al NPJ Br Cancer. 2018
7. Caldon CE et al Mol Cancer Ther. 2012
8. Krijgsman O et al BRCT 2012
Citation Format: Lorenza Mittempergher, Joe McKelley, Rajith Bhaskaran, Sahra Uygun, René Bernards, Laura J van 't Veer, Annuska M Glas, William Audeh. Cyclin E overexpression is associated with high risk 70 gene signature, and may indicate intrinsic resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-24.
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12
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Slembrouck L, Darrigues L, Laurent C, Mittempergher L, Delahaye LJ, Vanden Bempt I, Vander Borght S, Vliegen L, Sintubin P, Raynal V, Bohec M, Reyes C, Rapinat A, Helsmoortel C, Jongen L, Hoste G, Neven P, Wildiers H, Smeets A, Nevelsteen I, Punie K, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Han S, Vincent Salomon A, Laas Faron E, Cynober T, Gentien D, Baulande S, Snel MH, Witteveen AT, Neijenhuis S, Glas AM, Reyal F, Floris G. Decentralization of Next-Generation RNA Sequencing-Based MammaPrint® and BluePrint® Kit at University Hospitals Leuven and Curie Institute Paris. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1557-1565. [PMID: 31513983 PMCID: PMC6742807 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously developed and centrally validated MammaPrint® (MP) and BluePrint® (BP) targeted RNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) kit was implemented and validated in two large academic European hospitals. Additionally, breast cancer molecular subtypes by MP and BP RNA sequencing were compared with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Patients with early breast cancer diagnosed at University Hospitals Leuven and Curie Institute Paris were prospectively included between September 2017 and January 2018. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections were analyzed with MP and BP NGS technology at the beta sites and with both NGS and microarray technology at Agendia. Raw NGS data generated on Illumina MiSeq instruments at the beta sites were interpreted and compared with NGS and microarray data at Agendia. MP and BP NGS molecular subtypes were compared to surrogate IHC breast cancer subtypes. Equivalence of MP and BP indices was determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Acceptable limits were defined a priori, based on microarray data generated at Agendia between 2012 and 2016. The concordance, the Negative Percent Agreement and the Positive Percent Agreement were calculated based on the contingency tables and had to be equal to or higher than 90%. Out of 124 included samples, 48% were MP Low and 52% High Risk with microarray. Molecular subtypes were BP luminal, HER2 or basal in 82%, 8% and 10% respectively. Concordance between MP microarray at Agendia and MP NGS at the beta sites was 91.1%. Concordance of MP High and Low Risk classification between NGS at the beta sites and NGS at Agendia was 93.9%. Concordance of MP and BP molecular subtyping using NGS at the beta sites and microarray at Agendia was 89.5%. Concordance between MP and BP NGS subtyping, and IHC was 71.8% and 76.6%, for two IHC surrogate models. The MP/BP NGS kit was successfully validated in a decentralized setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Slembrouck
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lauren Darrigues
- Curie Institute, Department of Surgery, Paris Descartes University, F-75248, France
| | - Cecile Laurent
- Curie Institute, Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Paris Descartes University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Lorenza Mittempergher
- Agendia, Department of Research and Development, Medical Affairs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Jmj Delahaye
- Agendia, Department of Research and Development, Medical Affairs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Vanden Bempt
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Vander Borght
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Vliegen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petra Sintubin
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Virginie Raynal
- Curie Institute, PSL Research University, Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Mylene Bohec
- Curie Institute, PSL Research University, Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Cécile Reyes
- Curie Institute, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Genomics Platform, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Audrey Rapinat
- Curie Institute, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Genomics Platform, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Céline Helsmoortel
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lynn Jongen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Griet Hoste
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of General Medical Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Surgical Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ines Nevelsteen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Surgical Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin Punie
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of General Medical Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sileny Han
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Oncology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Enora Laas Faron
- Curie Institute, Department of Surgery, Paris Descartes University, F-75248, France
| | - Timothé Cynober
- Curie Institute, Administration and General Services, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - David Gentien
- Curie Institute, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Genomics Platform, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Curie Institute, PSL Research University, Genomics of Excellence (ICGex) Platform, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Mireille Hj Snel
- Agendia, Department of Research and Development, Medical Affairs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke T Witteveen
- Agendia, Department of Research and Development, Medical Affairs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sari Neijenhuis
- Agendia, Department of Research and Development, Medical Affairs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annuska M Glas
- Agendia, Department of Research and Development, Medical Affairs, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabien Reyal
- Curie Institute, Department of Surgery, Paris Descartes University, F-75248, France; Curie Institute, Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Paris Descartes University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research
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Mittempergher L, Delahaye LJMJ, Witteveen AT, Spangler JB, Hassenmahomed F, Mee S, Mahmoudi S, Chen J, Bao S, Snel MHJ, Leidelmeijer S, Besseling N, Bergstrom Lucas A, Pabón-Peña C, Linn SC, Dreezen C, Wehkamp D, Chan BY, Bernards R, van 't Veer LJ, Glas AM. MammaPrint and BluePrint Molecular Diagnostics Using Targeted RNA Next-Generation Sequencing Technology. J Mol Diagn 2019; 21:808-823. [PMID: 31173928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation DNA sequencing is rapidly becoming an indispensable tool for genome-directed cancer diagnostics, but next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is currently not standardly used in clinical diagnostics for expression assessment. However, multigene RNA diagnostic assays are used increasingly in the routine diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer. Two of the most widely used tests are currently available only as a central laboratory service, which limits their clinical use. We evaluated the use of RNA-seq as a decentralized method to perform such tests. The MammaPrint and BluePrint RNA-seq tests were found to be equivalent to the clinically validated microarray tests. The RNA-seq tests were highly reproducible when performed in different locations and were stable over time. The MammaPrint RNA-seq test was clinically validated. Our data demonstrate that RNA-seq can be used as a decentralized platform, yielding results substantially equivalent to results derived from the predicate diagnostic device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anke T Witteveen
- Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sammy Mee
- Product Support, Agendia Inc., Irvine, California
| | | | - Jiang Chen
- Product Support, Agendia Inc., Irvine, California
| | - Simon Bao
- Product Support, Agendia Inc., Irvine, California
| | | | | | - Naomi Besseling
- Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Carlos Pabón-Peña
- Diagnostics and Genomics Group, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christa Dreezen
- Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diederik Wehkamp
- Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bob Y Chan
- Product Support, Agendia Inc., Irvine, California
| | - René Bernards
- Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura J van 't Veer
- Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Annuska M Glas
- Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Darrigues L, Slembrouck L, Mittempergher L, Delahaye LJ, Vanden Bempt I, Vander Borght S, Vliegen L, Sintubin P, Raynal V, Bohec M, Reyes C, Rapinat A, Helsmoortel C, Jongen L, Hoste G, Neven P, Wildiers H, Smeets A, Nevelsteen I, Punie K, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Han S, Laurent C, Vincent-Salomon A, Laas-Faron E, Witteveen AT, Neijenhuis S, Glas AM, Floris G, Reyal F. Abstract P4-02-07: Comparison of breast cancer molecular subtyping by Immunohistochemistry and by BluePrint® next generation RNA sequencing-based test at University Hospitals Leuven and Curie Institute Paris. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-02-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
MammaPrint® (MP) and BluePrint® (BP) are microarray-based tests with MP being prognostic for distant recurrence and BP enabling stratification into breast cancer molecular subtypes (Luminal, HER2, Basal-type). Recently, a CE marked MP and BP targeted RNA Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based kit was developed at Agendia and validated at University Hospitals Leuven and Curie Institute Paris. Here we compare breast cancer molecular subtype stratification defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and by MP and BP NGS- and microarray- based tests.
Patients and Methods
In this study, 124 primary operable invasive breast cancer patients were included at University Hospitals Leuven and at Curie Institute (n=80 Leuven; n=44 Curie) with the following histological subtypes: ductal-NOS (n=100), lobular (n=16), mucinous (n=3), tubular (n=2), others (n=3). Patients with bilateral breast cancer or with >3 positive lymph nodes were excluded. Surrogate breast cancer subtypes based on IHC were defined as follows: luminal if ≥10% estrogen receptor (ER) expression; triple negative if <10% ER and progesterone receptor (PR) expression and HER2 stained negative by IHC and/or FISH; HER2+ if HER2 receptor stained positive (2+ or 3+) by IHC and/or FISH. Luminal subtypes were further stratified into Luminal A-like (HER2 negative, Ki-67<14%, PR≥20%) and Luminal B-like (HER2 negative or positive, Ki-67 ≥14%, PR<20%). When Ki-67% was not available, tumors with grade 1 or 2 were classified as Luminal A-like and with grade 3 as Luminal B-like. IHC subtypes were compared to the BP NGS and microarray molecular subtypes (Luminal-, HER2- and Basal-type). To further stratify BP luminal type tumors, MP test was used as follows: Luminal A (BP Luminal and MP low risk) and Luminal B (BP Luminal and MP high risk).
Results
Concordance between IHC and MP/BP NGS subtyping was 75.0% (93/124), while concordance between MP/BP on NGS and microarray was 89.5% (111/124). MP/BP NGS subtyping identified more low risk Luminal A tumors compared to IHC (54.0%, (67/124) vs 44.3% (55/124)). Notably, concordance was excellent for triple-negative and, to less extent for HER2 driven tumors (Luminal B-like-HER2 positive and HER2+).
IHC vs. MP/BP NGS molecular subtyping (n=124) MP/BP NGSIHCLuminal ALuminal BHER2-positiveBasalTotalLuminal A-like4690055Luminal B-like, HER2-negative16210037Luminal B-like, HER2-positive565016HER2-positive00303Triple negative0101213Total6737812124Microarray vs MP/BP NGS molecular subtyping (n=124) MP/BP NGSMicroarrayLuminal ALuminal BHER2 positiveBasalTotalLuminal A6040064Luminal B7310038HER2-positive028010Basal0001212Total6737812124
Conclusion
This study shows a discordance of 25.0% between IHC and BP/MP NGS subtyping. This is in line with previous findings where IHC was compared to molecular subtyping based on microarray (Viale 2017, Whitworth 2014) underlining the complementarity of genomic testing in early stage breast cancer. Moreover, we observed a high concordance between NGS and microarray molecular subtyping, which suggests a successful translation of the MP/BP microarray test to a MP/BP NGS test.
Citation Format: Darrigues L, Slembrouck L, Mittempergher L, Delahaye LJ, Vanden Bempt I, Vander Borght S, Vliegen L, Sintubin P, Raynal V, Bohec M, Reyes C, Rapinat A, Helsmoortel C, Jongen L, Hoste G, Neven P, Wildiers H, Smeets A, Nevelsteen I, Punie K, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Han S, Laurent C, Vincent-Salomon A, Laas-Faron E, Witteveen AT, Neijenhuis S, Glas AM, Floris G, Reyal F. Comparison of breast cancer molecular subtyping by Immunohistochemistry and by BluePrint® next generation RNA sequencing-based test at University Hospitals Leuven and Curie Institute Paris [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-07.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Darrigues
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Slembrouck
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Mittempergher
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - LJ Delahaye
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Vanden Bempt
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Vander Borght
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Vliegen
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Sintubin
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Raynal
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Bohec
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Reyes
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Rapinat
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Helsmoortel
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Jongen
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Hoste
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Neven
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Wildiers
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Smeets
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Nevelsteen
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Punie
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Han
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Laurent
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Vincent-Salomon
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Laas-Faron
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - AT Witteveen
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Neijenhuis
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - AM Glas
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Floris
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Reyal
- Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven – University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Curie Institute, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
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Slembrouck L, Laurent C, Delahaye LJ, Mittempergher L, Vanden Bempt I, Vander Borght S, Darrigues L, Vliegen L, Sintubin P, Raynal V, Bohec M, Reyes C, Rapinat A, Helsmoortel C, Jongen L, Hoste G, Neven P, Wildiers H, Smeets A, Nevelsteen I, Punie K, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Han S, Salomon AV, Faron EL, Cynober T, Witteveen AT, Neijenhuis S, Glas AM, Reyal F, Floris G. Abstract P4-08-25: Decentralized beta testing of MammaPrint and BluePrint NGS kit at University Hospitals Leuven and Curie Institute Paris. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-08-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Many countries restrict patient material exchange to central diagnostic laboratories abroad, limiting access to assays like MammaPrint® (MP) and BluePrint® (BP). Both assays are microarray-based, with MP being prognostic for distant recurrence and BP for molecular subtyping of breast cancer (Luminal-, HER2-, and Basal-type). To increase accessibility, decentralization is required with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) being the preferred testing platform given that most diagnostic laboratories have the technology in place. The aim of this beta testing study is to validate a previously developed and centrally validated MP and BP NGS kit for RNA samples in two large tertiary academic hospitals in Europe.
Patients and Methods
Patients with early breast cancer diagnosed at the Multidisciplinary Breast Center at University Hospitals Leuven and Curie Institute Paris were prospectively included between September 2017 and January 2018. Patients with bilateral breast cancer or presenting with more than 3 positive lymph nodes were excluded. Only patients with invasive ductal and invasive lobular carcinoma were included. Twenty tissue sections were cut from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks; 10 tissue sections were analyzed at the local site using the MP and BP NGS kit, and 10 tissue sections were analyzed at Agendia using the same kit and procedure, as well as with the golden standard method (gene expression microarrays). Targeted RNA sequencing of the 70 MP and 80 BP signature genes was performed on Illumina MiSeq instruments. The raw NGS data generated at the local test sites was sent through a secure file transfer protocol server to Agendia for interpretation and comparison with microarray and NGS performed in the Agendia laboratories. We aimed for a minimum concordance rate between MP and BP outcome of 90% between each local site and Agendia's centralized site.
Results
In this study, 116 early breast cancer patients were included (73 from University Hospitals Leuven and 43 from Curie Institute). Out of these patients, 52% were MP Low Risk and 48% MP High Risk according to microarray. The patients had a BP luminal, HER2 or basal subtype in respectively 83%, 9% and 8%. Concordance between MP microarray obtained from Agendia and MP NGS obtained from the local sites was 91.4%. Concordance between MP High and Low Risk classification between NGS Leuven versus NGS Agendia was 92.1% and between NGS Curie versus NGS Agendia 95.3%. For BP subtype outcomes, the results from microarray versus NGS for all patients combined from both local sites gave a 98.3% concordance and NGS Agendia versus NGS from each local site gave a 100% concordance.
Conclusion
The MP and BP NGS kit was successfully validated in a decentralized setting, showing high concordance between results obtained at three different sites. There was a clear benefit of having well-trained NGS experienced diagnostic technical teams. The MP and BP NGS kit the first FFPE targeted RNA sequencing based multigene signature for breast cancer care, will provide a high and equal standard of MP and BP gene expression testing for breast cancer in a decentralized setting.
Citation Format: Slembrouck L, Laurent C, Delahaye LJ, Mittempergher L, Vanden Bempt I, Vander Borght S, Darrigues L, Vliegen L, Sintubin P, Raynal V, Bohec M, Reyes C, Rapinat A, Helsmoortel C, Jongen L, Hoste G, Neven P, Wildiers H, Smeets A, Nevelsteen I, Punie K, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Han S, Salomon AV, Faron EL, Cynober T, Witteveen AT, Neijenhuis S, Glas AM, Reyal F, Floris G. Decentralized beta testing of MammaPrint and BluePrint NGS kit at University Hospitals Leuven and Curie Institute Paris [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-25.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Slembrouck
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Laurent
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - LJ Delahaye
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Mittempergher
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Vanden Bempt
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Vander Borght
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Darrigues
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Vliegen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Sintubin
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Raynal
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Bohec
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Reyes
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Rapinat
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C Helsmoortel
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Jongen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Hoste
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Neven
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Wildiers
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Smeets
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Nevelsteen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Punie
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Van Nieuwenhuysen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Han
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - AV Salomon
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - EL Faron
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Cynober
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - AT Witteveen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Neijenhuis
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - AM Glas
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F Reyal
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Floris
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Medical Affairs, Agendia, Amsterdam, Netherlands; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institut Curie, Paris, France; Next Generation Sequencing Platform, Genomics Platform, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Genomics Core, Leuven, Belgium; Administration and General Services, Institut Curie, Paris, France; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research and University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Pathology, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Sobral-Leite M, Van de Vijver K, Michaut M, van der Linden R, Hooijer GK, Horlings HM, Severson TM, Mulligan AM, Weerasooriya N, Sanders J, Glas AM, Wehkamp D, Mittempergher L, Kersten K, Cimino-Mathews A, Peters D, Hooijberg E, Broeks A, van de Vijver MJ, Bernards R, Andrulis IL, Kok M, de Visser KE, Schmidt MK. Assessment of PD-L1 expression across breast cancer molecular subtypes, in relation to mutation rate, BRCA1-like status, tumor-infiltrating immune cells and survival. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1509820. [PMID: 30524905 PMCID: PMC6279322 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1509820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the expression pattern of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in different breast cancer types, we characterized PD-L1 expression in tumor and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, in relation to mutation rate, BRCA1-like status and survival. We analyzed 410 primary treatment-naive breast tumors comprising 162 estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and HER2-, 101 HER2+ and 147 triple-negative (TN) cancers. Pathologists quantified tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and TILs using whole slides and tissue microarray. Mutation rate was assessed by DNA sequencing, BRCA1-like status using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and immune landscape by multiplex image analyses of CD4, CD68, CD8, FOXP3, cytokeratin, and PD-L1. Half of PD-L1 scores evaluated by tissue microarray were false negatives compared to whole slide evaluations. We observed at least 1% of PD-L1-positive (PD-L1+) cells in 53.1% of ER+HER2-, 73.3% of HER2+, and 84.4% of TN tumors. PD-L1 expression was higher in ductal compared to lobular carcinomas, also within ER+HER2- tumors (p = 0.04). High PD-L1+ TILs score (> 50%) was independently associated with better outcome in TN tumors (HR = 0.27; 95%CI = 0.10-0.69). Within TN tumors, PD-L1 and TIL scores showed a modest but significant positive association with the number of silent mutations, but no association with BRCA1-like status. Multiplex image analyses indicated that PD-L1 is expressed on multiple immune cells (CD68+ macrophages, CD4+, FOXP3+, and CD8+ T cells) in the breast tumor microenvironment, independent of the PD-L1 status of the tumor cells. We found no evidence that levels of PD-L1+ TILs in TN breast cancer are driven by high mutation rate or BRCA1-like status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Sobral-Leite
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Koen Van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magali Michaut
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerrit K.J. Hooijer
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo M. Horlings
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tesa M. Severson
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Joyce Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Kelly Kersten
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dennis Peters
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology and Biobanking, Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Hooijberg
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology and Biobanking, Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rene Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marleen Kok
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Severson TM, Nevedomskaya E, Peeters J, Kuilman T, Krijgsman O, van Rossum A, Droog M, Kim Y, Koornstra R, Beumer I, Glas AM, Peeper D, Wesseling J, Simon IM, Wessels L, Linn SC, Zwart W. Neoadjuvant tamoxifen synchronizes ERα binding and gene expression profiles related to outcome and proliferation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:33901-18. [PMID: 27129152 PMCID: PMC5085127 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancers are frequently treated with tamoxifen, but resistance is common. It remains elusive how tamoxifen resistance occurs and predictive biomarkers for treatment outcome are needed. Because most biomarker discovery studies are performed using pre-treatment surgical resections, the effects of tamoxifen therapy directly on the tumor cell in vivo remain unexamined. In this study, we assessed DNA copy number, gene expression profiles and ERα/chromatin binding landscapes on breast tumor specimens, both before and after neoadjuvant tamoxifen treatment. We observed neoadjuvant tamoxifen treatment synchronized ERα/chromatin interactions and downstream gene expression, indicating that hormonal therapy reduces inter-tumor molecular variability. ERα-synchronized sites are associated with dynamic FOXA1 action at these sites, which is under control of growth factor signaling. Genes associated with tamoxifen-synchronized sites are capable of differentiating patients for tamoxifen benefit. Due to the direct effects of therapeutics on ERα behavior and transcriptional output, our study highlights the added value of biomarker discovery studies after neoadjuvant drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesa M Severson
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Kuilman
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar Krijgsman
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Annelot van Rossum
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Droog
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger Koornstra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, GA, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Daniel Peeper
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lodewyk Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine C Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, CX, The Netherlands
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18
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In 't Veld SGJG, Duong KN, Snel M, Witteveen A, Beumer IJ, Delahaye LJMJ, Wehkamp D, Bernards R, Glas AM, Tian S. A Computational Workflow Translates a 58-Gene Signature to a Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Sample-Based Companion Diagnostic for Personalized Treatment of the BRAF-Mutation-Like Subtype of Colorectal Cancers. High Throughput 2017; 6:ht6040016. [PMID: 29479053 PMCID: PMC5748595 DOI: 10.3390/ht6040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer patients with the BRAF(p.V600E) mutation have poor prognosis in metastatic setting. Personalized treatment options and companion diagnostics are needed to better treat these patients. Previously, we developed a 58-gene signature to characterize the distinct gene expression pattern of BRAF-mutation-like subtype (accuracy 91.1%). Further experiments repurposed drug Vinorelbine as specifically lethal to this BRAF-mutation-like subtype. The aim of this study is to translate this 58-gene signature from a research setting to a robust companion diagnostic that can use formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples to select patients with the BRAF-mutation-like subtype. BRAF mutation and gene expression data of 302 FFPE samples were measured (mutants = 57, wild-type = 245). The performance of the 58-gene signature in FFPE samples showed a high sensitivity of 89.5%. In the identified BRAF-mutation-like subtype group, 50% of tumours were known BRAF mutants, and 50% were BRAF wild-type. The stability of the 58-gene signature in FFPE samples was evaluated by two control samples over 40 independent experiments. The standard deviations (SD) were within the predefined criteria (control 1: SD = 0.091, SD/Range = 3.0%; control 2: SD = 0.169, SD/Range = 5.5%). The fresh frozen version and translated FFPE version of this 58-gene signature were compared using 170 paired fresh frozen and FFPE samples and the result showed high consistency (agreement = 99.3%). In conclusion, we translated this 58-gene signature to a robust companion diagnostic that can use FFPE samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors G J G In 't Veld
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Kim N Duong
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mireille Snel
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anke Witteveen
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Inès J Beumer
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Diederik Wehkamp
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - René Bernards
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Annuska M Glas
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sun Tian
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Severson TM, Wolf DM, Yau C, Peeters J, Wehkam D, Schouten PC, Chin SF, Majewski IJ, Michaut M, Bosma A, Pereira B, Bismeijer T, Wessels L, Caldas C, Bernards R, Simon IM, Glas AM, Linn S, van ‘t Veer L. The BRCA1ness signature is associated significantly with response to PARP inhibitor treatment versus control in the I-SPY 2 randomized neoadjuvant setting. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:99. [PMID: 28851423 PMCID: PMC5574249 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with BRCA1-like tumors correlate with improved response to DNA double-strand break-inducing therapy. A gene expression-based classifier was developed to distinguish between BRCA1-like and non-BRCA1-like tumors. We hypothesized that these tumors may also be more sensitive to PARP inhibitors than standard treatments. METHODS A diagnostic gene expression signature (BRCA1ness) was developed using a centroid model with 128 triple-negative breast cancer samples from the EU FP7 RATHER project. This BRCA1ness signature was then tested in HER2-negative patients (n = 116) from the I-SPY 2 TRIAL who received an oral PARP inhibitor veliparib in combination with carboplatin (V-C), or standard chemotherapy alone. We assessed the association between BRCA1ness and pathologic complete response in the V-C and control arms alone using Fisher's exact test, and the relative performance between arms (biomarker × treatment interaction, likelihood ratio p < 0.05) using a logistic model and adjusting for hormone receptor status (HR). RESULTS We developed a gene expression signature to identify BRCA1-like status. In the I-SPY 2 neoadjuvant setting the BRCA1ness signature associated significantly with response to V-C (p = 0.03), but not in the control arm (p = 0.45). We identified a significant interaction between BRCA1ness and V-C (p = 0.023) after correcting for HR. CONCLUSIONS A genomic-based BRCA1-like signature was successfully translated to an expression-based signature (BRC1Aness). In the I-SPY 2 neoadjuvant setting, we determined that the BRCA1ness signature is capable of predicting benefit of V-C added to standard chemotherapy compared to standard chemotherapy alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION I-SPY 2 TRIAL beginning December 31, 2009: Neoadjuvant and Personalized Adaptive Novel Agents to Treat Breast Cancer (I-SPY 2), NCT01042379 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesa M. Severson
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Philip C. Schouten
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ian J. Majewski
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Current address: Division of Cancer and Haematology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Magali Michaut
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Bosma
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tycho Bismeijer
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sabine Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Mittempergher L, Spangler JB, Snel MH, Delahaye LJ, Rink ID, Tian S, Glas AM, Bernards R. Abstract 5409: Assessment of the MammaPrint 70-gene profile using RNA sequencing technology. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Improvements in RNA processing have enabled microarray diagnostics for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. Recently, MammaPrint, a prognostic 70-gene profile for early-stage breast cancer, was successfully translated to FFPE tissue showing to be substantially equivalent to fresh tissue. In recent years, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) became the standard method for transcriptome analysis, because of its low background signal and its ability of quantifying a large dynamic range of expression levels. Here we report a preliminary analysis of the FFPE MammaPrint 70-gene profile using RNA-Seq technology and the comparison with the MammaPrint® microarray diagnostic test in a series of FFPE samples.
Methods: RNA-Seq was carried out using a strand-specific RNA library preparation followed by target enrichment of the coding region of the human transcriptome without relying on the presence of poly-A tail. RNA sequencing libraries were prepared starting from a minimal amount of 20 ng of total RNA based on the DV200 metric assessment. The library pools were single-end sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument at the length of 65bp. The resulting sequences were mapped to the human reference genome (build 38) using TopHat v2.1. Tophat was guided by using a transcriptome index from Ensembl (version 77). The HTSeq-count tool was used to generate the total number of uniquely mapped reads for each gene. Gene expressions were normalized with Count Per Million (CPM) normalization and log2 transformed afterwards. Microarray data of the sample were available for analysis comparison.
Results: On average, we obtained 22 million reads assigned to gene per sample (min=15M, max=28M). The number of reads assigned to genes vary from 61% to 70% of the total number of reads. Between 80% and 90% of the reads assigned to genes mapped to protein coding genes which is comparable to fresh frozen material. The 70-gene signature was successfully mapped to the RNA-Seq genes. A median raw read-count of 384 was observed for the 70-gene profile among the samples. Importantly, we observed a high concordance (R2 Pearson correlation=0.97) between the MammaPrint index calculated using the RNA-Seq data and the correspondent Microarray MammaPrint index. Additionally, the BluePrint profile, a microarray diagnostic test for breast cancer molecular subtyping, was successfully translated to the RNA-Seq platform. As with the MammaPrint profile, BluePrint showed high concordance between the two technologies with high correlation values for each of the subtypes (Luminal R2 Pearson correlation=0.98, Basal R2 Pearson correlation=0.97, HER2 R2 Pearson correlation=0.77). Conclusions: Next Generation RNA-sequencing is a feasible technology to assess diagnostic signatures, such as the 70 gene MammaPrint and BluePrint profiles.
Citation Format: Lorenza Mittempergher, Jacob B. Spangler, Mireille H. Snel, Leonie J. Delahaye, Iris de Rink, Sun Tian, Annuska M. Glas, Rene Bernards. Assessment of the MammaPrint 70-gene profile using RNA sequencing technology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5409. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5409
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Iris de Rink
- 3Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sun Tian
- 1Agendia NV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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21
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Aalders KC, Kuijer A, Straver ME, Slaets L, Litiere S, Viale G, Van't Veer LJ, Glas AM, Delorenzi M, van Dalen T, Tryfonidis K, Piccart MJ, Cardoso F, Rutgers EJ. Characterisation of multifocal breast cancer using the 70-gene signature in clinical low-risk patients enrolled in the EORTC 10041/BIG 03-04 MINDACT trial. Eur J Cancer 2017; 79:98-105. [PMID: 28477490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In multifocal breast cancer, guidelines recommend basing adjuvant systemic treatment decisions on characteristics of the largest lesion, disregarding multifocality as an independent prognosticator. We assessed the association between multifocal disease and both the 70-gene signature (70-GS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in clinical low-risk breast cancer patients enrolled in the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 10041/BIG 03-04 Microarray In Node-negative and 1 to 3 positive lymph node Disease may Avoid ChemoTherapy (MINDACT) trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS The analysed population consisted of enrolled patients in the MINDACT trial with clinical low-risk disease, defined by a modified Adjuvant! Online cut-off for the 10-year risk of recurrent disease or death. Eligibility criteria of MINDACT dictate that patients with multifocal disease could be included if the different lesions had similar pathological characteristics. The presence of multifocal disease was deducted from the case report form (CRF)-question for sum of diameter for all invasive tumour foci. Clinicopathological characteristics and gene expression of patients with unifocal and multifocal (largest lesion) disease were compared. Subsequently, the association between multifocal disease and the 70-GS was evaluated as well as the association between multifocality and 5-year DMFS. RESULTS The study included 3090 clinical low-risk patients with unifocal and 238 patients with multifocal disease. Apart from a higher prevalence of lobular tumours (21.8% versus 10.8%, by local pathology), we did not observe differences in baseline characteristics between multifocal and unifocal tumours. Patients with multifocal tumours were more likely to be at high genomic risk as compared to patients with unifocal tumours (22.7% versus 17.3%, odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-2.07, P = 0.038). We did not find a significant association between tumour focality and DMFS (97.1% for unifocal versus 96.9% for multifocal, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.55, 95% CI 0.68-3.46, P = 0.172), nor a signal for a potential interaction between the prognostic effect of the 70-GS and focality of the tumour regarding DMFS. CONCLUSION In the group of clinical low-risk MINDACT patients, multifocal tumours were more likely to have a high-risk 70-GS profile compared to unifocal tumours. We did not observe a significant interaction between multifocality and the 70-GS with respect to survival without distant metastasis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Aalders
- Medical Department, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Kuijer
- Department of Surgery, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M E Straver
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - L Slaets
- Department of Statistics, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Litiere
- Department of Statistics, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Viale
- Department of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology and University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L J Van't Veer
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A M Glas
- Department of Product Development and Support, Agendia, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Delorenzi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T van Dalen
- Department of Surgery, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K Tryfonidis
- Medical Department, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M J Piccart
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Cardoso
- Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E J Rutgers
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Delahaye LJMJ, Drukker CA, Dreezen C, Witteveen A, Chan B, Snel M, Beumer IJ, Bernards R, Audeh MW, Van't Veer LJ, Glas AM. A breast cancer gene signature for indolent disease. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 164:461-466. [PMID: 28451965 PMCID: PMC5487706 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early-stage hormone-receptor positive breast cancer is treated with endocrine therapy and the recommended duration of these treatments has increased over time. While endocrine therapy is considered less of a burden to patients compared to chemotherapy, long-term adherence may be low due to potential adverse side effects as well as compliance fatigue. It is of high clinical utility to identify subgroups of breast cancer patients who may have excellent long-term survival without or with limited duration of endocrine therapy to aid in personalizing endocrine treatment. METHODS We describe a new ultralow risk threshold for the 70-gene signature (MammaPrint) that identifies a group of breast cancer patients with excellent 20 year, long-term survival prognosis. Tumors of these patients are referred to as "indolent breast cancer." We used patient series on which we previously established and assessed the 70-gene signature high-low risk threshold. RESULTS In an independent validation cohort, we show that patients with indolent breast cancer had 100% breast cancer-specific survival at 15 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that patients with indolent disease may be candidates for limited treatment with adjuvant endocrine therapy based on their very low risk of distant recurrences or death of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline A Drukker
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, PO Box 90203, 1006 BE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Dreezen
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Witteveen
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Chan
- Agendia Inc, 22 Morgan, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Mireille Snel
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inès J Beumer
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Bernards
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgical Oncology and Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, PO Box 90203, 1006 BE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Laura J Van't Veer
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
| | - Annuska M Glas
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Beumer IJ, Persoon M, Witteveen A, Dreezen C, Chin SF, Sammut SJ, Snel M, Caldas C, Linn S, van ’t Veer LJ, Bernards R, Glas AM. Prognostic Value of MammaPrint ® in Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer. Biomark Insights 2016; 11:139-146. [PMID: 27980389 PMCID: PMC5153320 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s38435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MammaPrint® is a microarray-based gene expression test cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration to assess recurrence risk in early-stage breast cancer, aimed to guide physicians in making neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment decisions. The increase in the incidence of invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs) over the past decades and the modest representation of ILC in the MammaPrint development data set calls for a stratified survival analysis dedicated to this specific subgroup. STUDY AIM The current study aimed to validate the prognostic value of the MammaPrint test for breast cancer patients with early-stage ILCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Univariate and multivariate survival associations for overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free interval (DMFI), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were studied in a study population of 217 early-stage ILC breast cancer patients from five different clinical studies. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A significant association between MammaPrint High Risk and poor clinical outcome was shown for OS, DMFI, and DMFS. A subanalysis was performed on the lymph node-negative study population. In the lymph node-negative study population, we report an up to 11 times higher change in the diagnosis of an event in the MammaPrint High Risk group. For DMFI, the reported hazard ratio is 11.1 (95% confidence interval = 2.3-53.0). CONCLUSION Study results validate MammaPrint as an independent factor for breast cancer patients with early-stage invasive lobular breast cancer. Hazard ratios up to 11 in multivariate analyses emphasize the independent value of MammaPrint, specifically in lymph node-negative ILC breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen-John Sammut
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mireille Snel
- Agendia NV, Science Park, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabine Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laura J. van ’t Veer
- Agendia NV, Science Park, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rene Bernards
- Agendia NV, Science Park, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Cancer Genomics Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands. Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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24
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Cardoso F, van't Veer LJ, Bogaerts J, Slaets L, Viale G, Delaloge S, Pierga JY, Brain E, Causeret S, DeLorenzi M, Glas AM, Golfinopoulos V, Goulioti T, Knox S, Matos E, Meulemans B, Neijenhuis PA, Nitz U, Passalacqua R, Ravdin P, Rubio IT, Saghatchian M, Smilde TJ, Sotiriou C, Stork L, Straehle C, Thomas G, Thompson AM, van der Hoeven JM, Vuylsteke P, Bernards R, Tryfonidis K, Rutgers E, Piccart M. 70-Gene Signature as an Aid to Treatment Decisions in Early-Stage Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:717-29. [PMID: 27557300 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1602253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1144] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 70-gene signature test (MammaPrint) has been shown to improve prediction of clinical outcome in women with early-stage breast cancer. We sought to provide prospective evidence of the clinical utility of the addition of the 70-gene signature to standard clinical-pathological criteria in selecting patients for adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS In this randomized, phase 3 study, we enrolled 6693 women with early-stage breast cancer and determined their genomic risk (using the 70-gene signature) and their clinical risk (using a modified version of Adjuvant! Online). Women at low clinical and genomic risk did not receive chemotherapy, whereas those at high clinical and genomic risk did receive such therapy. In patients with discordant risk results, either the genomic risk or the clinical risk was used to determine the use of chemotherapy. The primary goal was to assess whether, among patients with high-risk clinical features and a low-risk gene-expression profile who did not receive chemotherapy, the lower boundary of the 95% confidence interval for the rate of 5-year survival without distant metastasis would be 92% (i.e., the noninferiority boundary) or higher. RESULTS A total of 1550 patients (23.2%) were deemed to be at high clinical risk and low genomic risk. At 5 years, the rate of survival without distant metastasis in this group was 94.7% (95% confidence interval, 92.5 to 96.2) among those not receiving chemotherapy. The absolute difference in this survival rate between these patients and those who received chemotherapy was 1.5 percentage points, with the rate being lower without chemotherapy. Similar rates of survival without distant metastasis were reported in the subgroup of patients who had estrogen-receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, and either node-negative or node-positive disease. CONCLUSIONS Among women with early-stage breast cancer who were at high clinical risk and low genomic risk for recurrence, the receipt of no chemotherapy on the basis of the 70-gene signature led to a 5-year rate of survival without distant metastasis that was 1.5 percentage points lower than the rate with chemotherapy. Given these findings, approximately 46% of women with breast cancer who are at high clinical risk might not require chemotherapy. (Funded by the European Commission Sixth Framework Program and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00433589; EudraCT number, 2005-002625-31.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Cardoso
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Laura J van't Veer
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Jan Bogaerts
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Leen Slaets
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Suzette Delaloge
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Jean-Yves Pierga
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Etienne Brain
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Sylvain Causeret
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Mauro DeLorenzi
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Annuska M Glas
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Vassilis Golfinopoulos
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Theodora Goulioti
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Susan Knox
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Erika Matos
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Bart Meulemans
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Peter A Neijenhuis
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Ulrike Nitz
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Rodolfo Passalacqua
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Peter Ravdin
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Isabel T Rubio
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Mahasti Saghatchian
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Tineke J Smilde
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Lisette Stork
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Carolyn Straehle
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Geraldine Thomas
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Jacobus M van der Hoeven
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Peter Vuylsteke
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - René Bernards
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Tryfonidis
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Emiel Rutgers
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
| | - Martine Piccart
- From Champalimaud Clinical Center-Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal (F.C.); Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (L.J.V.); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Headquarters (J.B., L. Slaets, V.G., B.M., K.T.), Breast International Group Headquarters (T.G., C. Straehle), and Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (C. Sotiriou, M.P.), Brussels, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain, Namur (P.V.) - both in Belgium; University of Milan and Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (G.V.) and Europa Donna-European Breast Cancer Coalition (S.K.), Milan, and Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona (R.P.) - both in Italy; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.D., M.S.), Institut Curie Paris Sciences et Lettres, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris (J.-Y.P.). Institut Curie-Hôpital Rene Huguenin, Saint-Cloud (E.B.), and Centre Georges-Francois-Leclerc, Dijon (S.C.) - all in France; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.D.); Agendia (A.M.G., L. Stork) and the Netherlands Cancer Institute (R.B., E.R.), Amsterdam, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Rijnland Leiderdorp (P.A.N.), Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch (T.J.S.), and Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar (J.M.H.) - all in the Netherlands; Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia (E.M.); Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany (U.N.); University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio (P.R.); Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (I.T.R.); Imperial College London, London (G.T.); and University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (A.M.T.)
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Delahaye LJ, Wehkamp D, Floore AN, Bernards R, Van't Veer LJ, Glas AM. Performance characteristics of the MammaPrint ® breast cancer diagnostic gene signature. Per Med 2013; 10:801-811. [PMID: 29776281 DOI: 10.2217/pme.13.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analytical performance of multigene signatures depends on many parameters, including precision, repeatability, reproducibility and intratumor heterogeneity. Indicators such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value are typically used to define the clinical performance of a diagnostic test. AIM Here we study these performance characteristics of the MammaPrint® (Agendia NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) 70-gene signature using the US FDA-recommended guidelines, as well as predetermined acceptance criteria. RESULTS The clinical and analytical performance characteristics show that MammaPrint is a robust, reproducible, precise test, with a maximum variation of 5% in multiple samplings of the same tissue. CONCLUSION MammaPrint is a reliable indicator of distant metastasis in early-stage breast cancer patients of all ages and is well suited for personalized medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Jm Delahaye
- Department of Product Development & Support, Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Wehkamp
- Department of Product Development & Support, Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arno N Floore
- Department of Product Development & Support, Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Bernards
- Department of Product Development & Support, Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura J Van't Veer
- Department of Product Development & Support, Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annuska M Glas
- Department of Product Development & Support, Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Esserman LJ, Shieh Y, Rutgers EJT, Knauer M, Retèl VP, Mook S, Glas AM, Moore DH, Linn S, van Leeuwen FE, van 't Veer LJ. Impact of mammographic screening on the detection of good and poor prognosis breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130:725-34. [PMID: 21892702 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We sought to compare the molecular signature of node negative cancers from two cohorts 15 years apart, to determine if there is molecular evidence of increase in low and ultralow risk cancers over time. We studied the impact of age, time period of diagnosis, and mammographic screening on biology of tumors where The Netherlands Cancer Institute 70-gene prognosis signature was generated as part of 2 validation series, one retrospective (1984-1992), Cohort 1, and one prospective (2004-2006), Cohort 2. A total of 866 patients were analyzed. Regardless of time period of diagnosis, the proportion of T1, grade 1, hormone receptor positive (HR) tumors, and good prognosis by 70-gene signature significantly increases as age increases (P < 0.01). In women aged 49-60, the time period of diagnosis significantly affects the proportion of cancers that were NKI 70-gene low risk: 40.6% (67/165) compared with 58% (119/205) for Cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. This is in contrast to the absence of a significant change for women under age 40, where 25% (17/68) and 30% (17/56) were low risk in Cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. In women aged 49-60, using an ultralow risk threshold of the 70-gene signature, 10% of tumors in Cohort 1 were ultralow risk compared with 30% for women with screen-detected cancers in Cohort 2. Older age and method of detection (screening) are associated with a higher likelihood of a biologically low risk tumor. In women over age 50, biologically low risk tumors are frequent and tools that classify risk may minimize overtreatment.
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Krijgsman O, Roepman P, Zwart W, Carroll JS, Tian S, de Snoo FA, Bender RA, Bernards R, Glas AM. A diagnostic gene profile for molecular subtyping of breast cancer associated with treatment response. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 133:37-47. [PMID: 21814749 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Classification of breast cancer into molecular subtypes maybe important for the proper selection of therapy, as tumors with seemingly similar histopathological features can have strikingly different clinical outcomes. Herein, we report the development of a molecular subtyping profile (BluePrint), that enables rationalization in patient selection for either chemotherapy or endocrine therapy prescription. An 80-Gene Molecular Subtyping Profile (BluePrint) was developed using 200 breast cancer patient specimens and confirmed on four independent validation cohorts (n = 784). Additionally, the profile was tested as a predictor of chemotherapy response in 133 breast cancer patients, treated with T/FAC neoadjuvant chemotherapy. BluePrint classification of a patient cohort that was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 133) shows improved distribution of pathological Complete Response (pCR), among molecular subgroups compared with local pathology: 56% of the patients had a pCR in the Basal-type subgroup, 3% in the MammaPrint Low-risk, Luminal-type subgroup, 11% in the MammaPrint High-risk, Luminal-type subgroup, and 50% in the HER2-type subgroup. The group of genes identifying Luminal-type breast cancer is highly enriched for genes having an Estrogen Receptor binding site proximal to the promoter-region, suggesting that these genes are direct targets of the Estrogen Receptor. Implementation of this profile may improve the clinical management of breast cancer patients, by enabling the selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from either chemotherapy or from endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Krijgsman
- Research and Development, Agendia BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gevensleben H, Göhring UJ, Büttner R, Heukamp LC, Kunz G, Dimpfl T, Jackisch C, Ortmann O, Albert US, Bender R, De Snoo F, Krijgsman O, Glas AM, Ergönenc YH, Vogel C, Dykgers A, Langwieder C, Rees M, Anzeneder T. Comparison of MammaPrint and TargetPrint results with clinical parameters in German patients with early stage breast cancer. Int J Mol Med 2011; 26:837-43. [PMID: 21042777 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm_00000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70-gene expression profile MammaPrint is a powerful prognostic indicator for disease outcome in breast cancer patients with improved prediction of recurrence risk compared to currently used guidelines. The microarray-based test TargetPrint further provides reliable, quantitative assessment of mRNA expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This study was performed as a validation of MammaPrint and TargetPrint in an unselected German breast cancer population and was designed to determine the degree of concordance with currently applied clinical parameters. One hundred and forty cases of breast cancer stage I and II were classified as being low or high risk for distant metastasis using MammaPrint. Results were compared to current clinical risk classifications and adjuvant treatment management. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)/chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) assessments of ER, PR and HER2 were further compared with gene expression read-outs using TargetPrint. Thirty-two percent of patients (19/59) with a poor prognosis-signature identified via MammaPrint did not receive adjuvant systemic treatment apart from endocrine therapy and were potentially undertreated; whereas 42% (35/77) of patients with a good prognosis-signature received chemotherapy and were potentially overtreated. Comparison of microarray receptor results with IHC and FISH/CISH were concordant in 97% for ER; 86% for PR; and 94% for HER2. In this German study population, MammaPrint would have resulted in altered treatment advice for adjuvant systemic therapy in 40% of patients. Furthermore, TargetPrint presented high concordance for ER, PR and Her2 with IHC and FISH/CISH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Gevensleben
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, Bonn, Germany.
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Tian S, Roepman P, Van't Veer LJ, Bernards R, de Snoo F, Glas AM. Biological functions of the genes in the mammaprint breast cancer profile reflect the hallmarks of cancer. Biomark Insights 2010; 5:129-38. [PMID: 21151591 PMCID: PMC2999994 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s6184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MammaPrint was developed as a diagnostic tool to predict risk of breast cancer metastasis using the expression of 70 genes. To better understand the tumor biology assessed by MammaPrint, we interpreted the biological functions of the 70-genes and showed how the genes reflect the six hallmarks of cancer as defined by Hanahan and Weinberg. Results: We used a bottom-up system biology approach to elucidate how the cellular processes reflected by the 70-genes work together to regulate tumor activities and progression. The biological functions of the genes were analyzed using literature research and several bioinformatics tools. Protein-protein interaction network analyses indicated that the 70-genes form highly interconnected networks and that their expression levels are regulated by key tumorigenesis related genes such as TP53, RB1, MYC, JUN and CDKN2A. The biological functions of the genes could be associated with the essential steps necessary for tumor progression and metastasis, and cover the six well-defined hallmarks of cancer, reflecting the acquired malignant characteristics of a cancer cell along with tumor progression and metastasis-related biological activities. Conclusion: Genes in the MammaPrint gene signature comprehensively measure the six hallmarks of cancer-related biology. This finding establishes a link between a molecular signature and the underlying molecular mechanisms of tumor cell progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Tian
- Agendia BV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Salazar R, Roepman P, Capella G, Moreno V, Simon I, Dreezen C, Lopez-Doriga A, Santos C, Marijnen C, Westerga J, Bruin S, Kerr D, Kuppen P, van de Velde C, Morreau H, Van Velthuysen L, Glas AM, Van't Veer LJ, Tollenaar R. Gene expression signature to improve prognosis prediction of stage II and III colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010; 29:17-24. [PMID: 21098318 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.30.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to develop a robust gene expression classifier that can predict disease relapse in patients with early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Fresh frozen tumor tissue from 188 patients with stage I to IV CRC undergoing surgery was analyzed using Agilent 44K oligonucleotide arrays. Median follow-up time was 65.1 months, and the majority of patients (83.6%) did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. A nearest mean classifier was developed using a cross-validation procedure to score all genes for their association with 5-year distant metastasis-free survival. RESULTS An optimal set of 18 genes was identified and used to construct a prognostic classifier (ColoPrint). The signature was validated on an independent set of 206 samples from patients with stage I, II, and III CRC. The signature classified 60% of patients as low risk and 40% as high risk. Five-year relapse-free survival rates were 87.6% (95% CI, 81.5% to 93.7%) and 67.2% (95% CI, 55.4% to 79.0%) for low- and high-risk patients, respectively, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.5 (95% CI, 1.33 to 4.73; P = .005). In multivariate analysis, the signature remained one of the most significant prognostic factors, with an HR of 2.69 (95% CI, 1.41 to 5.14; P = .003). In patients with stage II CRC, the signature had an HR of 3.34 (P = .017) and was superior to American Society of Clinical Oncology criteria in assessing the risk of cancer recurrence without prescreening for microsatellite instability (MSI). CONCLUSION ColoPrint significantly improves the prognostic accuracy of pathologic factors and MSI in patients with stage II and III CRC and facilitates the identification of patients with stage II disease who may be safely managed without chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Salazar
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Av Gran Via 199-203, Barcelona, Spain 08907.
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Mook S, Schmidt MK, Weigelt B, Kreike B, Eekhout I, van de Vijver MJ, Glas AM, Floore A, Rutgers EJT, van 't Veer LJ. The 70-gene prognosis signature predicts early metastasis in breast cancer patients between 55 and 70 years of age. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:717-722. [PMID: 19825882 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B Kreike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute
| | | | | | | | | | - E J T Rutgers
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Roepman P, Horlings HM, Krijgsman O, Kok M, Bueno-de-Mesquita JM, Bender R, Linn SC, Glas AM, van de Vijver MJ. Microarray-Based Determination of Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and HER2 Receptor Status in Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:7003-11. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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van Laar RK, Ma XJ, de Jong D, Wehkamp D, Floore AN, Warmoes MO, Simon I, Wang W, Erlander M, van't Veer LJ, Glas AM. Implementation of a novel microarray-based diagnostic test for cancer of unknown primary. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:1390-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Roepman P, Schuurman A, Delahaye LJMJ, Witteveen AT, Floore AN, Glas AM. A gene expression profile for detection of sufficient tumour cells in breast tumour tissue: microarray diagnosis eligibility. BMC Med Genomics 2009; 2:52. [PMID: 19674463 PMCID: PMC2732639 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-2-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microarray diagnostics of tumour samples is based on measurement of prognostic and/or predictive gene expression profiles. Typically, diagnostic profiles have been developed using bulk tumour samples with a sufficient amount of tumour cells (usually >50%). Consequentially, a diagnostic results depends on the minimal percentage of tumour cells within a sample. Currently, tumour cell percentage is assessed by conventional histopathological review. However, even for experienced pathologists, such scoring remains subjective and time consuming and can lead to ambiguous results. Methods In this study we investigated whether we could use transcriptional activity of a specific set of genes instead of histopathological review to identify samples with sufficient tumour cell content. Genome-wide gene expression measurements were used to develop a transcriptional gene profile that could accurately assess a sample's tumour cell percentage. Results Supervised analysis across 165 breast tumour samples resulted in the identification of a set of 13 genes which expression correlated with presence of tumour cells. The developed gene profile showed a high performance (AUC 0.92) for identification of samples that are suitable for microarray diagnostics. Validation on 238 additional breast tumour samples indicated a robust performance for correct classification with an overall accuracy of 91 percent and a kappa score of 0.63 (95%CI 0.47–0.73). Conclusion The developed 13-gene profile provides an objective tool for assessment whether a breast cancer sample contains sufficient tumour cells for microarray diagnostics. It will improve the efficiency and throughput for diagnostic gene expression profiling as it no longer requires histopathological analysis for initial tumour percentage scoring. Such profile will also be very use useful for assessment of tumour cell percentage in biopsies where conventional histopathology is difficult, such as fine needle aspirates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Roepman
- Agendia BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Bueno-de-Mesquita JM, Linn SC, Keijzer R, Wesseling J, Nuyten DSA, van Krimpen C, Meijers C, de Graaf PW, Bos MMEM, Hart AAM, Rutgers EJT, Peterse JL, Halfwerk H, de Groot R, Pronk A, Floore AN, Glas AM, Van't Veer LJ, van de Vijver MJ. Validation of 70-gene prognosis signature in node-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 117:483-95. [PMID: 18819002 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The 70-gene prognosis signature (van't Veer et al., Nature 415(6871):530-536, 2002) may improve the selection of lymph node-negative breast cancer patients for adjuvant systemic therapy. Optimal validation of prognostic classifiers is of great importance and we therefore wished to evaluate the prognostic value of the 70-gene prognosis signature in a series of relatively recently diagnosed lymph node negative breast cancer patients. METHODS We evaluated the 70-gene prognosis signature in an independent representative series of patients with invasive breast cancer (N = 123; <55 years; pT1-2N0; diagnosed between 1996 and 1999; median follow-up 5.8 years) by classifying these patients as having a good or poor prognosis signature. In addition, we updated the follow-up of the node-negative patients of the previously published validation-series (Van de Vijver et al., N Engl J Med 347(25):1999-2009, 2002; N = 151; median follow-up 10.2 years). The prognostic value of the 70-gene prognosis signature was compared with that of four commonly used clinicopathological risk indexes. The endpoints were distant metastasis (as first event) free percentage (DMFP) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS The 5-year OS was 82 +/- 5% in poor (48%) and 97 +/- 2% in good prognosis signature (52%) patients (HR 3.4; 95% CI 1.2-9.6; P = 0.021). The 5-years DMFP was 78 +/- 6% in poor and 98 +/- 2% in good prognosis signature patients (HR 5.7; 95% CI 1.6-20; P = 0.007). In the updated series (N = 151; 60% poor vs. 40% good), the 10-year OS was 51 +/- 5% and 94 +/- 3% (HR 10.7; 95% CI 3.9-30; P < 0.01), respectively. The DMFP was 50 +/- 6% in poor and 86 +/- 5% in good prognosis signature patients (HR 5.5; 95% CI 2.5-12; P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, the prognosis signature was a strong independent prognostic factor in both series, outperforming the clinicopathological risk indexes. CONCLUSION The 70-gene prognosis signature is also an independent prognostic factor in node-negative breast cancer patients for women diagnosed in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Horlings HM, van Laar RK, Kerst JM, Helgason HH, Wesseling J, van der Hoeven JJ, Warmoes MO, Floore A, Witteveen A, Lahti-Domenici J, Glas AM, Van't Veer LJ, de Jong D. Gene Expression Profiling to Identify the Histogenetic Origin of Metastatic Adenocarcinomas of Unknown Primary. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:4435-41. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.14.6969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary origin (ACUP) constitute approximately 4% of all malignancies. For effective treatment of these patients, it is considered optimal to identify the primary tumor origins. Currently, the success rate of the diagnostic work-up is only 20% to 30%. Our goal was to evaluate the contribution of gene expression profiling for routine clinical practice in patients with ACUP. Patients and Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples were obtained from 84 patients with a known primary adenocarcinoma and from 38 patients with ACUP. An extensive immunohistochemical panel classified 16 of the patients with ACUP, whereas 22 patients remained unclassified for their histogenetic origin. Information about staging procedures and clinical follow-up were available in all patient cases. The expression data were analyzed in relation to clinicopathologic variables and immunohistochemical results. Results The gene expression–based assay classified the primary site correctly in 70 (83%) of 84 patient cases of primary and metastatic tumors of known origin, with good sensitivity for the majority of the tumor classes and relatively poor sensitivity for primary lung adenocarcinoma. Gene expression profiling identified 15 (94%) of 16 patients with initial ACUP who were classified by immunohistochemistry, and it made a valuable contribution to a potential site of origin in 14 of the 22 patients with ACUP. Conclusion The gene expression platform can classify correctly from FFPE samples the majority of tumors classes both in patients with known primary and in patients with ACUP. Therefore, gene expression profiling represents an additional analytic approach to assist with the histogenetic diagnosis of patients with ACUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo M. Horlings
- From the Divisions of Pathology and Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Agendia BV, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam; and Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Ryan K. van Laar
- From the Divisions of Pathology and Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Agendia BV, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam; and Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Martijn Kerst
- From the Divisions of Pathology and Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Agendia BV, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam; and Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Helgi H. Helgason
- From the Divisions of Pathology and Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Agendia BV, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam; and Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- From the Divisions of Pathology and Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Agendia BV, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam; and Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Jacobus J.M. van der Hoeven
- From the Divisions of Pathology and Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Agendia BV, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam; and Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Marc O. Warmoes
- From the Divisions of Pathology and Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Agendia BV, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam; and Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Arno Floore
- From the Divisions of Pathology and Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Agendia BV, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam; and Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Witteveen
- From the Divisions of Pathology and Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Agendia BV, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam; and Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Jaana Lahti-Domenici
- From the Divisions of Pathology and Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Agendia BV, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam; and Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Annuska M. Glas
- From the Divisions of Pathology and Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Agendia BV, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam; and Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Laura J. Van't Veer
- From the Divisions of Pathology and Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Agendia BV, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam; and Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne de Jong
- From the Divisions of Pathology and Medical Oncology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute; Agendia BV, Amsterdam Science Park, Amsterdam; and Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
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Wittner BS, Sgroi DC, Ryan PD, Bruinsma TJ, Glas AM, Male A, Dahiya S, Habin K, Bernards R, Haber DA, Van't Veer LJ, Ramaswamy S. Analysis of the MammaPrint breast cancer assay in a predominantly postmenopausal cohort. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:2988-93. [PMID: 18483364 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most node-negative breast cancer patients are older and postmenopausal and are increasingly being offered adjuvant chemotherapy despite their low overall risk of distant relapse. A molecular diagnostic test with high negative predictive value (NPV) for distant metastasis in this subgroup would spare many older breast cancer patients adjuvant treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We determined the NPV and positive predictive value of the MammaPrint assay in breast cancer patients who were consecutively diagnosed and treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1985 and 1997. Primary tumors from 100 patients with node-negative, invasive breast cancer (median age, 62.5 years; median follow-up, 11.3 years) were subjected to MammaPrint analysis and classified as being at either low or high risk for distant metastasis. RESULTS The MammaPrint 70-gene signature displayed excellent NPV as in previous studies, correctly identifying 100% of women at low risk for distant metastases at 5 years. However, this assay had a lower positive predictive value (12% at 5 years) than previously observed. CONCLUSIONS The MammaPrint assay was originally designed to identify younger breast cancer patients at low risk for distant metastasis, who might consequently be spared systemic treatment. We show here that the same signature has a very high NPV for distant recurrence after adjuvant treatment in older breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben S Wittner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Abstract
The tumour antigen PReferentially expressed Antigen of MElanoma (PRAME) is expressed in a variety of malignancies, including breast cancer. We have analysed PRAME gene expression in relation to clinical outcome for 295 primary breast cancer patients. Kaplan–Meier survival curves show a correlation of PRAME expression levels with increased rates of distant metastases and decreased overall patient survival. This correlation existed both for the entire patient group (n=295) and for the subgroup of patients (n=185) who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariable analysis indicated that PRAME is an independent marker of shortened metastasis-free interval in patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. PRAME expression was associated with tumour grade and negative oestrogen receptor status. We conclude that PRAME expression is a prognostic marker for clinical outcome of breast cancer, independent of traditional clinicopathological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Epping
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
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Bueno-de-Mesquita JM, van Harten WH, Retel VP, van 't Veer LJ, van Dam FSAM, Karsenberg K, Douma KFL, van Tinteren H, Peterse JL, Wesseling J, Wu TS, Atsma D, Rutgers EJT, Brink G, Floore AN, Glas AM, Roumen RMH, Bellot FE, van Krimpen C, Rodenhuis S, van de Vijver MJ, Linn SC. Use of 70-gene signature to predict prognosis of patients with node-negative breast cancer: a prospective community-based feasibility study (RASTER). Lancet Oncol 2007; 8:1079-1087. [PMID: 18042430 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(07)70346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Booman M, Douwes J, Glas AM, de Jong D, Schuuring E, Kluin PM. Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphomas have activated B-cell-like subtype characteristics. J Pathol 2007; 210:163-71. [PMID: 16823896 DOI: 10.1002/path.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) constitute a heterogeneous group of lymphomas in which germinal centre B-cell-like and activated B-cell-like subtypes can be discerned based on pathology, clinical presentation, and gene expression patterns. Testicular DLBCLs form an immune-privileged site-related subgroup of DLBCLs with an unfavourable prognosis. In the present study, cDNA microarray analysis, immunohistochemistry for CD10, Bcl6 and MUM1, and somatic hypermutation analysis of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements were used to determine the subtype of primary testicular DLBCL. Immunohistochemistry revealed 14/22 testicular DLBCLs with an activated B-cell-like immunophenotype and 8/22 with an ambiguous immunophenotype co-expressing CD10 and high levels of MUM1. cDNA microarray analysis of these 22 and four additional cases showed a uniform activated B-cell-like gene expression pattern for both immunophenotypes. Somatic hypermutation analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes showed a very high mutation load in seven cases tested, but intraclonal heterogeneity was found at low level in only one of these cases. It is concluded that primary testicular DLBCLs have uniform activated B-cell-like subtype characteristics despite a number of cases showing an ambiguous immunophenotype.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neprilysin/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
- Testicular Neoplasms/genetics
- Testicular Neoplasms/immunology
- Testicular Neoplasms/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M Booman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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41
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Ach RA, Floore A, Curry B, Lazar V, Glas AM, Pover R, Tsalenko A, Ripoche H, Cardoso F, d'Assignies MS, Bruhn L, Van't Veer LJ. Robust interlaboratory reproducibility of a gene expression signature measurement consistent with the needs of a new generation of diagnostic tools. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:148. [PMID: 17553173 PMCID: PMC1904205 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing use of DNA microarrays in biomedical research, toxicogenomics, pharmaceutical development, and diagnostics has focused attention on the reproducibility and reliability of microarray measurements. While the reproducibility of microarray gene expression measurements has been the subject of several recent reports, there is still a need for systematic investigation into what factors most contribute to variability of measured expression levels observed among different laboratories and different experimenters. Results We report the results of an interlaboratory comparison of gene expression array measurements on the same microarray platform, in which the RNA amplification and labeling, hybridization and wash, and slide scanning were each individually varied. Identical input RNA was used for all experiments. While some sources of variation have measurable influence on individual microarray signals, they showed very low influence on sample-to-reference ratios based on averaged triplicate measurements in the two-color experiments. RNA labeling was the largest contributor to interlaboratory variation. Conclusion Despite this variation, measurement of one particular breast cancer gene expression signature in three different laboratories was found to be highly robust, showing a high intralaboratory and interlaboratory reproducibility when using strictly controlled standard operating procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Ach
- Molecular Technology Lab, Agilent Laboratories, Agilent Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd., Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Arno Floore
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Curry
- Molecular Technology Lab, Agilent Laboratories, Agilent Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd., Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Vladimir Lazar
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Annuska M Glas
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Pover
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anya Tsalenko
- Molecular Technology Lab, Agilent Laboratories, Agilent Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd., Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Hugues Ripoche
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Fatima Cardoso
- Institut Jules Bordet, 121 Blvd de Waterloo, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Laurakay Bruhn
- Molecular Technology Lab, Agilent Laboratories, Agilent Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd., Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA
| | - Laura J Van't Veer
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Glas AM, Knoops L, Delahaye L, Kersten MJ, Kibbelaar RE, Wessels LA, van Laar R, van Krieken JHJM, Baars JW, Raemaekers J, Kluin PM, van't Veer LJ, de Jong D. Gene-expression and immunohistochemical study of specific T-cell subsets and accessory cell types in the transformation and prognosis of follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:390-8. [PMID: 17200149 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.06.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the generally favorable clinical course in follicular lymphoma (FL), a minority of patients have a poor prognosis-with death within 3 years of diagnosis-most often due to transformation to aggressive disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we analyzed the potential of predicting early transformation on the basis of gene expression and immunologic parameters in FL biopsy samples taken at diagnosis. RESULTS At the gene-expression level, FL is a highly uniform disease at the time of diagnosis, precluding the detection of sufficiently validated prognostic gene-expression profiles suitable for a clinical setting. Combinations of differentially expressed genes indicate that immunologic mechanisms play a differential role in the risk of early transformation. Using immunohistochemistry for specific cell populations, the spatial distribution to neoplastic follicles and the activation of CD4-positive T-helper cells (P = .002) and specifically T-helper 1 (P = .004) were shown to be highly discriminatory to predict early transformation. A role for functional modulation of follicular dendritic cells could also be supported (P = .04). Other cell populations, including CD68-positive macrophages and regulatory T cells, were not differentially present. CONCLUSION These results support the identification of FL as an immunologically functional disease in which an interaction of the tumor cells and the functional composition of the microenvironment determines the clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annuska M Glas
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Glas AM, Floore A, Delahaye LJMJ, Witteveen AT, Pover RCF, Bakx N, Lahti-Domenici JST, Bruinsma TJ, Warmoes MO, Bernards R, Wessels LFA, Van 't Veer LJ. Converting a breast cancer microarray signature into a high-throughput diagnostic test. BMC Genomics 2006; 7:278. [PMID: 17074082 PMCID: PMC1636049 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-7-278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 70-gene tumor expression profile was established as a powerful predictor of disease outcome in young breast cancer patients. This profile, however, was generated on microarrays containing 25,000 60-mer oligonucleotides that are not designed for processing of many samples on a routine basis. RESULTS To facilitate its use in a diagnostic setting, the 70-gene prognosis profile was translated into a customized microarray (MammaPrint) containing a reduced set of 1,900 probes suitable for high throughput processing. RNA of 162 patient samples from two previous studies was subjected to hybridization to this custom array to validate the prognostic value. Classification results obtained from the original analysis were then compared to those generated using the algorithms based on the custom microarray and showed an extremely high correlation of prognosis prediction between the original data and those generated using the custom mini-array (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In this report we demonstrate for the first time that microarray technology can be used as a reliable diagnostic tool. The data clearly demonstrate the reproducibility and robustness of the small custom-made microarray. The array is therefore an excellent tool to predict outcome of disease in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annuska M Glas
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Floore
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie JMJ Delahaye
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke T Witteveen
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob CF Pover
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Bakx
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tako J Bruinsma
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc O Warmoes
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Bernards
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk FA Wessels
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, department of Molecular Biology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura J Van 't Veer
- Agendia BV, Slotervaart Medical Center 9D, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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44
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Buyse M, Loi S, van't Veer L, Viale G, Delorenzi M, Glas AM, d'Assignies MS, Bergh J, Lidereau R, Ellis P, Harris A, Bogaerts J, Therasse P, Floore A, Amakrane M, Piette F, Rutgers E, Sotiriou C, Cardoso F, Piccart MJ. Validation and clinical utility of a 70-gene prognostic signature for women with node-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006; 98:1183-92. [PMID: 16954471 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djj329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 814] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 70-gene signature was previously shown to have prognostic value in patients with node-negative breast cancer. Our goal was to validate the signature in an independent group of patients. METHODS Patients (n = 307, with 137 events after a median follow-up of 13.6 years) from five European centers were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on the gene signature classification and on clinical risk classifications. Patients were assigned to the gene signature low-risk group if their 5-year distant metastasis-free survival probability as estimated by the gene signature was greater than 90%. Patients were assigned to the clinicopathologic low-risk group if their 10-year survival probability, as estimated by Adjuvant! software, was greater than 88% (for estrogen receptor [ER]-positive patients) or 92% (for ER-negative patients). Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated to compare time to distant metastases, disease-free survival, and overall survival in high- versus low-risk groups. RESULTS The 70-gene signature outperformed the clinicopathologic risk assessment in predicting all endpoints. For time to distant metastases, the gene signature yielded HR = 2.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35 to 4.00) without adjustment for clinical risk and hazard ratios ranging from 2.13 to 2.15 after adjustment for various estimates of clinical risk; clinicopathologic risk using Adjuvant! software yielded an unadjusted HR = 1.68 (95% CI = 0.92 to 3.07). For overall survival, the gene signature yielded an unadjusted HR = 2.79 (95% CI = 1.60 to 4.87) and adjusted hazard ratios ranging from 2.63 to 2.89; clinicopathologic risk yielded an unadjusted HR = 1.67 (95% CI = 0.93 to 2.98). For patients in the gene signature high-risk group, 10-year overall survival was 0.69 for patients in both the low- and high-clinical risk groups; for patients in the gene signature low-risk group, the 10-year survival rates were 0.88 and 0.89, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The 70-gene signature adds independent prognostic information to clinicopathologic risk assessment for patients with early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Buyse
- International Drug Development Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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45
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Booman M, Douwes J, Glas AM, Riemersma SA, Jordanova ES, Kok K, Rosenwald A, de Jong D, Schuuring E, Kluin PM. Mechanisms and effects of loss of human leukocyte antigen class II expression in immune-privileged site-associated B-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:2698-705. [PMID: 16675561 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Loss of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression on tumor cells is frequent in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) arising in immune-privileged sites, such as the testis and central nervous system, and is associated with small homozygous deletions of HLA-DQ/HLA-DR and larger hemizygous deletions of the MHC region. To better understand the significance of down-regulation of HLA class II expression in relation to the homozygous and hemizygous deletions, we analyzed global gene expression patterns in a series of 26 testicular DLBCL after characterization of these deletions. RESULTS Low levels of HLA-DR mRNA in whole testicular DLBCL samples were associated with a strong down-regulation of numerous immune-related genes specific for T cells, macrophages, antigen presentation and processing, lymphocyte activation, chemokines and chemokine receptors, and the complement system. The number of CD3+ tumor-infiltrating T cells was also significantly lower in low expressors of HLA-DR mRNA. Interestingly, hemizygous and homozygous deletions in the MHC region did not have any additional effect on global gene expression. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we found that loss of HLA class II mRNA expression in testicular DLBCL is associated with a significant change in global gene expression patterns. This effect is independent of the mechanism causing the down-regulation of HLA class II genes in the lymphoma cells.
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MESH Headings
- Centromere/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- HLA-D Antigens/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic/pathology
- Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Male
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Sequence Deletion
- Telomere/genetics
- Testis/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Booman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
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46
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Weigelt B, Wessels LFA, Bosma AJ, Glas AM, Nuyten DSA, He YD, Dai H, Peterse JL, van't Veer LJ. No common denominator for breast cancer lymph node metastasis. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:924-32. [PMID: 16189523 PMCID: PMC2361648 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The axillary lymph node status is the most powerful prognostic factor for breast cancer patients to date. The molecular mechanisms that control lymph node metastasis, however, remain poorly understood. To define patterns of genes or gene regulatory pathways that drive breast cancer lymph node metastasis, we compared the gene expression profiles of 15 primary breast carcinomas and their matching lymph node metastases using microarrays. In general, primary breast carcinomas and lymph node metastases do not differ at the transcriptional level by a common subset of genes. No classifier or single gene discriminating the group of primary tumours from those of the lymph node metastases could be identified. Also, in a series of 295 breast tumours, no classifier predicting lymph node metastasis could be developed. However, subtle differences in the expression of genes involved in extracellular-matrix organisation and growth factor signalling are detected in individual pairs of matching primary and metastatic tumours. Surprisingly, however, different sets of these genes are either up- or downregulated in lymph node metastases. Our data suggest that breast carcinomas do not use a shared gene set to accomplish lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Weigelt
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L F A Wessels
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Information and Communication Theory Group, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - A J Bosma
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M Glas
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D S A Nuyten
- Division of Radiotherapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y D He
- Rosetta Inpharmatics LLC, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - H Dai
- Rosetta Inpharmatics LLC, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - J L Peterse
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L J van't Veer
- Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: Division of Experimental Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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47
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Weigelt B, Hu Z, He X, Livasy C, Carey LA, Ewend MG, Glas AM, Perou CM, Van't Veer LJ. Molecular portraits and 70-gene prognosis signature are preserved throughout the metastatic process of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2005; 65:9155-8. [PMID: 16230372 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microarray analysis has been shown to improve risk stratification of breast cancer. Breast tumors analyzed by hierarchical clustering of expression patterns of "intrinsic" genes have been reported to subdivide into at least four molecular subtypes that are associated with distinct patient outcomes. Using a supervised method, a 70-gene expression profile has been identified that predicts the later appearance or absence of clinical metastasis in young breast cancer patients. Here, we show that distant metastases display both the same molecular breast cancer subtype as well as the 70-gene prognosis signature as their primary tumors. Our results suggest that the capacity to metastasize is an inherent feature of most breast cancers. Furthermore, our data imply that poor prognosis breast carcinomas classified either by the intrinsic gene set or the 70 prognosis genes represent distinct disease entities that seem sustained throughout the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Weigelt
- Divisions of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
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48
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Kok M, van den Berg TMC, Delahaye LJ, Floore A, Glas AM, Peterse JL, Wessels LFA, van 't Veer LJ, Linn SC. Molecular prediction of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2005. [PMCID: PMC4233539 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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49
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Weigelt B, Wessels LFA, Bosma AJ, Glas AM, Nuyten DSA, He YD, Dai H, Peterse JL, van 't Veer LJ. Lymph node metastases display gene expression profiles of their primary breast carcinomas. Breast Cancer Res 2005. [PMCID: PMC4233579 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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50
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Glas AM, Kersten MJ, Delahaye LJMJ, Witteveen AT, Kibbelaar RE, Velds A, Wessels LFA, Joosten P, Kerkhoven RM, Bernards R, van Krieken JHJM, Kluin PM, van't Veer LJ, de Jong D. Gene expression profiling in follicular lymphoma to assess clinical aggressiveness and to guide the choice of treatment. Blood 2005; 105:301-7. [PMID: 15345589 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-06-2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a disease characterized by a long clinical course marked by frequent relapses that vary in clinical aggressiveness over time. Therefore, the main dilemma at each relapse is the choice for the most effective treatment for optimal disease control and failure-free survival while at the same time avoiding overtreatment and harmful side effects. The selection for more aggressive treatment is currently based on histologic grading and clinical criteria; however, in up to 30% of all cases these methods prove to be insufficient. Using supervised classification on a training set of paired samples from patients who experienced either an indolent or aggressive disease course, a gene expression profile of 81 genes was established that could, with an accuracy of 100%, distinguish low-grade from high-grade disease. This profile accurately classified 93% of the FL samples in an independent validation set. Most important, in a third series of FL cases where histologic grading was ambiguous, precluding meaningful morphologic guidance, the 81-gene profile shows a classification accuracy of 94%. The FL stratification profile is a more reliable marker of clinical behavior than the currently used histologic grading and clinical criteria and may provide an important alternative to guide the choice of therapy in patients with FL both at presentation and at relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annuska M Glas
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Diagnostic Oncology, Central Microarray Facility, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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