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Liefaard MC, van der Voort A, van Seijen M, Thijssen B, Sanders J, Vonk S, Mittempergher L, Bhaskaran R, de Munck L, van Leeuwen-Stok AE, Salgado R, Horlings HM, Lips EH, Sonke GS. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and dual HER2-blockade. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:29. [PMID: 38637568 PMCID: PMC11026378 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been associated with outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab. However, it remains unclear if TILs could be a prognostic and/or predictive biomarker in the context of dual HER2-targeting treatment. In this study, we evaluated the association between TILs and pathological response (pCR) and invasive-disease free survival (IDFS) in 389 patients with stage II-III HER2 positive breast cancer who received neoadjuvant anthracycline-containing or anthracycline-free chemotherapy combined with trastuzumab and pertuzumab in the TRAIN-2 trial. Although no significant association was seen between TILs and pCR, patients with TIL scores ≥60% demonstrated an excellent 3-year IDFS of 100% (95% CI 100-100), regardless of hormone receptor status, nodal stage and attainment of pCR. Additionally, in patients with hormone receptor positive disease, TILs as a continuous variable showed a trend to a positive association with pCR (adjusted Odds Ratio per 10% increase in TILs 1.15, 95% CI 0.99-1.34, p = 0.070) and IDFS (adjusted Hazard Ratio per 10% increase in TILs 0.71, 95% CI 0.50-1.01, p = 0.058). We found no interactions between TILs and anthracycline treatment. Our results suggest that high TIL scores might be able to identify stage II-III HER2-positive breast cancer patients with a favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Liefaard
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A van der Voort
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M van Seijen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Thijssen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Sanders
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Vonk
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Mittempergher
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Bhaskaran
- Department of Research and Development, Agendia NV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L de Munck
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A E van Leeuwen-Stok
- Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group, BOOG Study Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Salgado
- Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Hospitals, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - H M Horlings
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E H Lips
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G S Sonke
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Liefaard M, Bhaskaran R, Bijl Y, Israeli D, Jong-Raadsen S, van Montfort E, Bao S, Mee S, Cavness T, Gallagher A, Falk J, Piel T, Witteveen A, van der Voort A, Vonk S, Lips E, Sonke G, Kleijn M, Glas A, Mittempergher L. 161P MammaPrint and BluePrint diagnostic tests can be robustly assessed on Whole-Transcriptome NGS platform. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Menon U, Polson A, Prem G, Kumar M, Bhaskaran R. Diagnostic Accuracy of the Hum Test in Unilateral Hearing Loss. Indian J Otol 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_275_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Haan JC, Bhaskaran R, Mittempergher L, Lujinovic E, Audeh W, Penault-Llorca F, Glas AM. Unravelling the biological characteristics of MammaPrint ultra-low risk group. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Kuilman M, Ellappalayam A, Mittempergher L, Wehkamp D, Chan B, Bhaskaran R, Glas A. BluePrint molecular subtyping recognizes single and dual subtype tumors with consequences for therapeutic guidance. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)30821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bhaskaran R, Griffioen C, Wehkamp D, Mittempergher L, Glas A. Unravelling the biological characteristics of MammaPrint extreme risk subgroups. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz240.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Badhai J, Bhaskaran R, Song J, Pandey G, Kwon M, Bombardelli L, Van der Vliet J, Cozijnsen M, Krimpenfort P, Berns A. PO-223 Modelling malignant mesothelioma in mice: a critical role for BAP1 loss. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Semenova E, Böttger F, Song J, Ferone G, Bhaskaran R, Bombardelli L, Piersma S, Pham T, Jimenez C, Berns A. PO-338 Tumour heterogeneity underlies differential cisplatin sensitivity in mouse models of SCLC. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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De Vries H, Song J, Bhaskaran R, Krijgsman O, Isogai T, Innocenti M, Berns A. PO-274 Tumour subtype-specific cells of origin of malignant mesothelioma. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ferone G, Song J, Sutherland K, Bhaskaran R, Van Der Vliet J, Cozijnsen M, Monkhorst K, Berns A. PO-221 Mouse models of lung squamous cell carcinoma for preclinical intervention studies. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Shyamal S, Anilkumar G, Bhaskaran R, Doss GP, Durica DS. Significant fluctuations in ecdysteroid receptor gene (EcR) expression in relation to seasons of molt and reproduction in the grapsid crab, Metopograpsus messor (Brachyura: Decapoda). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 211:39-51. [PMID: 25448252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metopograpsus messor, a brachyuran crab inhabiting the estuaries of North Kerala (India), is a prolific breeder releasing approximately 14-16 broods a year. The present paper reports the sequence information on the DNA binding domain (C domain, DBD), linker (D domain) and ligand binding domain (E domain, LBD) of M. messor ecdysteroid receptor (MmEcR) gene, the first grapsid brachyuran crab EcR examined. We have also measured MmEcR transcript levels in the ovary and the hepatopancreas throughout the annual cycle, with special reference to seasons of molt and reproduction. MmEcR expression in both the tissues is found to be at its peak (P<0.05) in late premolt crabs (January/May, molt/reproduction season); the expression levels are lowest (P<0.05) during June/July, when the females would neither molt nor reproduce (season for molt/reproduction repose). Intermediate levels of expression were found during the breeding season (August/December). Interestingly, this pattern of gene expression is in concordance with the fluctuating ecdysteroid levels of the hemolymph and Y organ secretory activity. The significant levels of fluctuation in the ovarian expression of MmEcR strongly suggest the ovary as a potential target for ecdysteroid action. A season-wise comparison of the gene expression reveals that ovarian MmEcR transcript levels are higher in breeding crabs (August/December) than the non-breeding animals (June/July), implicating a possible ecdysteroid role in reproduction in M. messor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmishtha Shyamal
- School of Biosciences & Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Anilkumar
- School of Biosciences & Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Bhaskaran
- School of Biosciences & Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G P Doss
- School of Biosciences & Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D S Durica
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, USA
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Jacob ES, Varghese RG, Toi PC, Bhaskaran R, Rai R. Congenital neuroblastoma with liver metastasis presenting with Hashimoto Pritzker disease. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2009; 52:374-6. [PMID: 19679965 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.54998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-month-old female child presented with discrete skin-colored papules on the forehead and scalp. She was earlier diagnosed to have neuroblastoma of the adrenal gland which had metastasized to the liver. Histological sections of the skin lesion showed a nodule composed of sheets of cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and an occasional grooving of the nucleus. These cells were CD 68 positive. Eosinophilic abscesses were seen in between the neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sajini Jacob
- Department of Pathology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Puducherry, India.
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Yu C, Bhaskaran R, Yang CC. Structures in Solution of Toxins from Taiwan Cobra Venom,Naja naja atra, Derived from NMR Spectra. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/15569549409089966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Darshan K, Krishnamoorthy U, Kiran D, Bhaskaran R, Manjunath V. Effect of supplementing finger millet straw with two concentrates differing in their partitioning factor on dry matter intake, organic matter digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in Karan Friesian crossbred heifers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jayakumar V, Bhaskaran R, Tsushima S. Potential of plant extracts in combination with bacterial antagonist treatment as biocontrol agent of red rot of sugarcane. Can J Microbiol 2007; 53:196-206. [PMID: 17496967 DOI: 10.1139/w06-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant extracts and antifungal microorganisms were tested singly and in combination for biocontrol of sugarcane red rot disease ( Colletotrichum falcatum ) using two sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivars, CoC671 and CoC92061, in pot and field experiments. Leaf extracts of Abrus precatorius and Bassia latifolia and the rhizome extract of Curcuma longa reduced Colletotrichum falcatum mycelial growth by 80%, 58%, and 57%, respectively. Although sugarcane- planting materials (setts) treated individually with either Pseudomonas fluorescens Md1 or A. precatorius in pot experiments had the lowest incidences of red rot, 20.1% and 24.2%, respectively, none of the plant extracts were effective in the field. In contrast, when the two varieties were tested separately in two field locations, the setts treated with A. precatorius in combination with a spray or soil application of P. fluorescens Md1 had the lowest incidence of red rot in both locations, e.g., 3.1% and 3.4% incidence for CoC92061 in one location, and had a similar response to the chemical control. The results suggest the applicability of plant-based extracts for the suppression of sugarcane red rot disease in the field as an environment-friendly tool in combination with antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jayakumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai 625104, Tamil Nadu, India
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Karthikeyan M, Radhika K, Mathiyazhagan S, Bhaskaran R, Samiyappan R, Velazhahan R. Induction of phenolics and defense-related enzymes in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) roots treated with biocontrol agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-04202006000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of soil application of biocontrol agents (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum) in combination with chitin on induction of phenolics and defense enzymes in coconut roots infected with Ganoderma lucidum, the causal agent of Ganoderma disease, was investigated. Soil application of these biocontrol formulations in combination with chitin induced a significant increase in the activities of peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase in the G. lucidum infected palms. Activities of both PAL and PO reached maximum levels within 3 d while the activity of PPO reached the maximum level 6 d after application of a mixture of P. fluorescens, T. viride and chitin. Isozyme analysis revealed that unique PO3 and PPO2 isozymes were induced in coconut palms treated with P. fluorescens + T. viride + chitin. Accumulation of phenolics was recorded 3 d after treatment and reached maximum levels 9 d after treatment application. Activity of chitinase was significantly increased from the third day after treatment imposition and continued to increase up to 9 to 12 d in all treatments. Chitinase isozyme analysis revealed that a unique Chit3 isoform was induced in coconut roots treated with P. fluorescens + T. viride + chitin. The beta-1,3-glucanase activity was maximum 9 d after treatment application. The mechanisms by which P. fluorescens + T. viride + chitin reduced the incidence of Ganoderma disease in coconut may be related to its ability to induce defense mechanisms in coconut palms.
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Van Doren SR, Liang X, Bhaskaran R. Solution Structure and Dynamics of Human MMP‐12 (Metalloelastase) in its Inhibitor‐Free State. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.5.lb51-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Van Doren
- BiochemistryUniversity of Missouri‐Columbia117 Schweitzer HallColumbiaMO65211
| | - Xiangyang Liang
- BiochemistryUniversity of Missouri‐Columbia117 Schweitzer HallColumbiaMO65211
| | - R. Bhaskaran
- BiochemistryUniversity of Missouri‐Columbia117 Schweitzer HallColumbiaMO65211
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Bhaskaran R, Van Doren SR. 1H, 13C, and 15N peak assignments and secondary structure of human macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-12) in its inhibitor-free state. J Biomol NMR 2006; 36 Suppl 1:55. [PMID: 16855860 PMCID: PMC1894754 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-006-9035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2006] [Revised: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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Karthikeyan M, Jayakumar V, Radhika K, Bhaskaran R, Velazhahan R, Alice D. Induction of resistance in host against the infection of leaf blight pathogen (Alternaria palandui) in onion (Allium cepa var aggregatum). Indian J Biochem Biophys 2005; 42:371-7. [PMID: 16955738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate Pfl was found to inhibit the growth of pathogen Alternaria palandui, in vitro. In the present study, foliar application of a talc-based formulation of Pfl significantly reduced the incidence of leaf blight of onion, caused by A. palandui. Induction of defense-related proteins viz., chitinase, beta-1,3 glucanase, peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) by application of Pfl, was studied against A. palandui infection in resistant (IHR 56) and susceptible (MDUI) onion cultivars. Chitinase in both cultivars, with or without challenge-inoculation of A. palandui revealed changes in the isoform pattern. The Native-PAGE of PO showed induction of PO2 isoform in both the cultivars, in response to inoculation of pathogen. Isoform analysis of PPO also exhibited induction in the Pfl-treated plants challenged with pathogen. Similarly, the activity of beta-1,3-glucanase was greatly induced in Pfl-treated plants, challenged with pathogen as compared to controls. Thus, the P. fluorescens-treated plants showed significant increase in the levels of the defense enzymes, in comparison to the plants challenged with the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karthikeyan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.
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Nagarajkumar M, Jayaraj J, Muthukrishnan S, Bhaskaran R, Velazhahan R. Detoxification of oxalic acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens strain PfMDU2: Implications for the biological control of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Microbiol Res 2005; 160:291-8. [PMID: 16035241 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani isolates varying in their virulence were tested for their ability to produce oxalic acid (OA) in vitro. The results indicated that the virulent isolates produced more OA than the less virulent isolates. In order to isolate OA-detoxifying strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, rhizosphere soil of rice was drenched with 100 mM OA and fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from the OA-amended soil by using King's medium B. These isolates were tested for their antagonistic effect towards growth of R. solani in vitro. Among them P. fluorescens PfMDU2 was the most effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani. P. fluorescens PfMDU2 was capable of detoxifying OA and several proteins were detected in the culture filtrate of PfMDU2 when it was grown in medium containing OA. To investigate whether the gene(s) involved in OA-detoxification resides on the plasmids in P. fluorescens PfMDU2, a plasmid-deficient strain of P. fluorescens was generated by plasmid curing. The plasmid-deficient strain (PfMDU2P-) failed to grow in medium containing OA and did not inhibit the growth of R. solani. Both PfMDU2 and PfMDU2P- were tested for their efficacy in controlling sheath blight of rice under greenhouse conditions. Seed treatment followed by soil application of rice with P. fluorescens strain, PfMDU2, reduced the severity of sheath blight by 75% compared with the control, whereas PfMDU2P- failed to control sheath blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagarajkumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai 625104, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yamunarani K, Jaganathan R, Bhaskaran R, Govindaraju P, Velazhahan R. In vitro Antifungal Activity of a 29-kDa Glycoprotein Purified from the Galls of Quercus infectoria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1556/aphyt.40.2005.1-2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nagarajkumar M, Bhaskaran R, Velazhahan R. Involvement of secondary metabolites and extracellular lytic enzymes produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens in inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani, the rice sheath blight pathogen. Microbiol Res 2004; 159:73-81. [PMID: 15160609 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from rhizosphere soil of rice were tested for their antagonistic effect towards Rhizoctonia solani, the rice sheath blight fungus. Among them, PfMDU2 was the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of R. solani in vitro. Production of chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, siderophores, salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) by P. fluorescens strains was evaluated. The highest beta-1,3-glucanase activity, siderophore production, SA production and HCN production were recorded with PfMDU2. A significant relationship between the antagonistic potential of P. fluorescens against R. solani and its level of beta-1,3-glucanase, SA and HCN was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagarajkumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai 625104, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bhaskaran R, Ravikumar A, Prakash M, Eapen S. Familial infantile myaesthenia. J Assoc Physicians India 2000; 48:439-40. [PMID: 11273185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a family of two brothers with familial infantile myaesthenia which is an autosomal recessive congenital myaesthenic syndrome. It is a presynaptic neuro muscular junction disorder, responsive to treatment and has got good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhaskaran
- Department of Neurology, Medical College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram
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Bhaskaran R, Prakash M, Kumar PN, Srikumar B. Crossed aphasia leading to pure word deafness. J Assoc Physicians India 1998; 46:824-6. [PMID: 11229259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of crossed aphasia following a vascular insult of the right hemisphere in a middle aged dextral man with subsequent evolution to pure word deafness. Development of pure word deafness during recovery from crossed Wernickes aphasia is an extremely rare clinical entity. Probably this is the first Indian report of this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhaskaran
- Department of Neurology, Medical College Hospital, Trivandrum
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Shore P, Whitmarsh AJ, Bhaskaran R, Davis RJ, Waltho JP, Sharrocks AD. Determinants of DNA-binding specificity of ETS-domain transcription factors. Mol Cell Biol 1996; 16:3338-49. [PMID: 8668149 PMCID: PMC231328 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.16.7.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several mechanisms are employed by members of transcription factor families to achieve sequence-specific DNA recognition. In this study, we have investigated how members of the ETS-domain transcription factor family achieve such specificity. We have used the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily as an example. ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase stimulates serum response factor-dependent and autonomous DNA binding by the TCFs Elk-1 and SAP-la. Phosphorylated Elk-1 and SAP-la exhibit specificities of DNA binding similar to those of their isolated ETS domains. The ETS domains of Elk-1 and SAP-la and SAP-2 exhibit related but distinct DNA-binding specificities. A single residue, D-69 (Elk-1) or V-68 (SAP-1), has been identified as the critical determinant for the differential binding specificities of Elk-1 and SAP-1a, and an additional residue, D-38 (Elk-1) or Q-37 (SAP-1), further modulates their DNA binding. Creation of mutations D38Q and D69V is sufficient to confer SAP-la DNA-binding specificity upon Elk-1 and thereby allow it to bind to a greater spectrum of sites. Molecular modelling indicates that these two residues (D-38 and D-69) are located away from the DNA-binding interface of Elk-1. Our data suggest a mechanism in which these residues modulate DNA binding by influencing the interaction of other residues with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shore
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Bhaskaran R, Prabhakaran M, Jayaraman G, Yu C, Ponnuswamy PK. Internal packing conditions and fluctuations of amino acid residues in globular proteins. J Biomol Struct Dyn 1996; 13:627-39. [PMID: 8906883 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.1996.10508875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the environmental conditions of amino acid residues in protein molecules, four kinds of packing studies (atomic, geometric, hydrophobic and hydration) were formulated and tested on two proteins; bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and bovine pancreatic ribonuclease S (RNase S). The inter-relationship of these packings on the fluctuations of amino acid residues was analysed by comparing the packing results with the dynamical studies, such as the root-mean-square-deviation values of atomic displacements obtained from the trajectories of molecular dynamics simulation, temperature factor information from crystal structures and residue fluctuations in proteins from continuum model. These analyses yield information about the most fluctuating and most stabilizing residue sites. Comparison of the results obtained by these methods indicate a good agreement, specifying an inverse correlation between the residue packing and fluctuations. This kind of study is helpful in identifying the specific residue sites such as nucleation, receptor binding and antigenic determining sites which in a way indirectly correlates with the functional residues in protein molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhaskaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
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27
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Jayaraman G, Bhaskaran R, Kumar TK, Yu HM, Chen ST, Yu C. Conformational studies of a synthetic cyclic decapeptide fragment of rat transforming growth factor-alpha. Int J Pept Protein Res 1995; 46:88-96. [PMID: 7558602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1995.tb00586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The solution conformation of a synthetic cyclic decapeptide [with sequence mimicking the third disulfide loop of rat transforming growth factor-alpha (rTGF-alpha)] in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide was studied by 2D NMR. The determination of solution structures was based on NOE interproton distances, using a combination of distance geometry and simulated annealing protocols. The convergence of the selected structures was evident from the small atomic pairwise root-mean-square deviation values among them. Good agreement was noted between the experimental and simulated NOESY spectra, thereby reflecting the accuracy of the calculated solution structures. Analysis of the structures indicates that the residues Tyr5 and Arg9 exhibit similar side chain orientation as that in the corresponding disulfide loop of human transforming growth factor-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jayaraman
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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Jayaraman G, Bhaskaran R, Yu C, Young JJ, Jung LJ, Liu WT, Ho SN, Chang LR. Three-dimensional structure in solution of griseoviridin, a group A antibiotic. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994; 1201:149-56. [PMID: 7947926 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(94)90035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The solution conformation of griseoviridin, a broad spectrum antibiotic, has been determined by 1H-NMR in deuterated dimethylsulfoxide. The structural determination is based on experimental data of NOE constraints Five structures were obtained from restrained molecular dynamics calculations, by imposing (the condition for) a minimum violation of distance constraints. These structures satisfy well the experimental restraints, with small values of NOE violation and total energies. On comparison with its crystal structure, a good agreement is noted with a backbone root-mean-square deviation value of 0.084 nm. However, a small variation between the structures is observed at the aminodecanoic acid part of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jayaraman
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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29
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Bhaskaran R, Huang CC, Tsai YC, Jayaraman G, Chang DK, Yu C. Cardiotoxin II from Taiwan cobra venom, Naja naja atra. Structure in solution and comparison among homologous cardiotoxins. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:23500-8. [PMID: 8089116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure in solution of cardiotoxin II, a membrane toxin from the venom of Taiwan cobra, Naja naja atra, was determined using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular modeling based on the hybrid distance geometry/dynamic simulated annealing technique. A complete sequence-specific proton assignment was obtained, and the secondary structures of the protein were determined from information on nuclear Overhauser effect connectivities, coupling constants, and hydrogen exchange were confirmed using the main-chain-directed strategy. Twelve simulated annealing structures found to be within a single family were selected based on the condition of distance constraint violation less than 0.02 nm and the dihedral angle violation less than 4 degrees. The average atomic root mean square deviation between the selected structures and their geometric average are 0.079 nm for the backbone atoms and 0.137 nm for all heavy atoms; they are 0.044 nm and 0.117 nm, respectively, when considering the secondary structural residues only. The molecule adopts a compact structure consisting of three major loops emerging from a globular head. These loops contain five strands to form double- and a triple-stranded antiparallel beta sheets. Comparisons are made between this structure and those of its homologous cardiotoxins in order to derive further information on their structural variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhaskaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Bhaskaran R, Huang C, Tsai Y, Jayaraman G, Chang D, Yu C. Cardiotoxin II from Taiwan cobra venom, Naja naja atra. Structure in solution and comparison among homologous cardiotoxins. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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31
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Young JJ, Jung LJ, Liu WT, Ho SN, Chang LR, Tsai YC, Bhaskaran R, Yu C. Solution conformation of enopeptin A, a depsipeptide antibiotic, using 2D NMR and restrained molecular dynamics studies. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1994; 47:922-31. [PMID: 7928680 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.47.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the solution conformation of the cyclic depsipeptide antibiotic enopeptin A have been carried out using 2D NMR and molecular modelling techniques. The proton resonances of the antibiotic in DMSO-d6 have been assigned by the use of TOCSY and ROESY experiments. The interproton distance information obtained from the ROESY experiments have been used as the basis for elucidating the probable structures in solution. The restrained molecular dynamics technique was applied to calculate the structures in solution, and six resultant structures with fewer distance constraint violations were obtained that satisfy the experimental restraints very well. The conformation of the cyclic moiety of the molecules is well defined whereas the aliphatic chain segment is disordered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Young
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defence Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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32
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Abstract
The conformation of viroisin, the monocyclic toxic heptapeptide of the virotoxin family from mushroom Amanita virosa, was analysed using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics simulations. All proton signals were completely assigned, and interproton distances were determined using data from rotating-frame nuclear Overhauser enhancement. The backbone dihedral angles were deduced from measurements of coupling constants. The temperature dependence of the amide proton chemical shifts provided information about hydrogen bonding. Six probable solution conformations of viroisin were derived from the use of distance geometry and restrained molecular dynamics based on a set of distance constraints obtained from experimental data. The results of the structural analysis indicate that viroisin has a well ordered conformation in solution. In all these conformations the functional groups essential for toxicity orient themselves in the same direction so as to bind to the target proteins. This feature is consistent with previous results about the formation of a hydrophobic pocket on one side of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhaskaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
We determined the structure in solution of the vaso-constrictor hormone urotensin II (dodecapeptide) using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Complete assignment of all proton resonances has been achieved and the structural information has been obtained from the interproton distance measurements derived from the nuclear Overhauser enhancement data. A combination of distance geometry and dynamical simulated annealing techniques was used to calculate the structure in solution. Nine resultant structures with fewer distance constraint violations were selected that satisfy the experimental restraints very well. The conformation of the molecule in the cyclic hexapeptide segment (core region) is well-defined whereas the N-terminal segment is disordered. This result correlates very well with the earlier predictions about the biologically active and inactive roles played by the core and the N-terminal segment respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhaskaran
- Chemistry Department, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Bhaskaran R, Huang CC, Chang DK, Yu C. Cardiotoxin III from the Taiwan cobra (Naja naja atra). Determination of structure in solution and comparison with short neurotoxins. J Mol Biol 1994; 235:1291-301. [PMID: 8308891 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The structure in solution of cardiotoxin III, a membrane toxin purified from the venom of the Taiwan cobra, Naja naja atra, is reported. Sequence-specific assignment of 1H-NMR lines was completed and the NMR data show the presence of a triple and a double-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet. Many NOE cross peaks identified in NOESY spectra were applied as distance constraints based on a hybrid distance geometry/dynamical simulated annealing technique; 20 structures were found within a single family. The average value of atomic RMS differences between the 20 structures and their geometric mean is 0.087 nm for the backbone atoms and 0.152 nm for all heavy atoms; they are 0.055 nm and 0.12 nm, respectively for the segments of secondary structure. In these selected structures the backbone of the polypeptide chain folds such that five strands emerge from a globular head. Three major loops link these strands to form a double and a triple-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet. Comparison of the structures of the toxin in solution with the X-ray crystal structure of its homologous protein, cardiotoxin V4II from Naja mossambica mossambica, showed good agreement between the structures except at segments of the turns. As the functions of short neurotoxins and cardiotoxins are distinct, despite their similar secondary structural patterns and tertiary folding, a comparative analysis has been carried out between cardiotoxin III and short neurotoxins of known structures. We discuss their structural features in order to clarify relationships between their structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhaskaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Yu C, Bhaskaran R, Chuang LC, Yang CC. Solution conformation of cobrotoxin: a nuclear magnetic resonance and hybrid distance geometry-dynamical simulated annealing study. Biochemistry 1993; 32:2131-6. [PMID: 8443154 DOI: 10.1021/bi00060a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The solution conformation of cobrotoxin has been determined by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. With the combination of various two-dimensional NMR techniques, the 1H-NMR spectrum of cobrotoxin was completely assigned (Yu et al., 1990). A set of 435 approximate interproton distance restraints was derived from nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) measurements. These NOE constraints, in addition to the 29 dihedral angle constraints (from coupling constant measurements) and 26 hydrogen bonding restraints (from the pattern of short-range NOEs), form the basis of 3-D structure determination by the hybrid distance geometry-dynamical simulated annealing method. The 23 structures that were obtained satisfy the experimental restraints, display small deviation from idealized covalent geometry, and possess good nonbonded contacts. Analysis of converged structures indicated that there are two antiparallel beta sheets (double and triple stranded), duly confirming our earlier observations. These are well defined in terms of both atomic root mean square (RMS) differences and backbone torsional angles. The average backbone RMS deviation between the calculated structures and the mean structure, for the beta-sheet regions, is 0.92 A. The mean solution structure was compared with the X-ray crystal structure of erabutoxin b, the homologous protein. This yielded information that both structures resemble each other except at the exposed loop/surface regions, where the solution structure seems to possess more flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yu
- Chemistry Department, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Bhaskaran R, Chuang LC, Yu C. Conformational properties of oxytocin in dimethyl sulfoxide solution: NMR and restrained molecular dynamics studies. Biopolymers 1992; 32:1599-608. [PMID: 1472646 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360321203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of oxytocin, the neurohypophyseal nonapeptide hormone, in solution in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide has been determined by 1H-nmr. The structural determination is based on the experimental data set of nuclear Overhauser effect restraints. Obtained after the restrained molecular dynamics simulation on an initial structure of extended conformation, five resultant structures satisfy the experimental restraints well. These structures resemble that of the crystal structure of deamino-oxytocin, an analogue of oxytocin, in terms of a close correlation observed both at two beta-turn regions of the 20-membered tocin ring and at the tripeptide tail end. Based on this comparison and analysis of restrained molecular dynamics trajectories, we found that, although the turns are stabilized by the formation of hydrogen bonds, the oxytocin molecule possesses a slight twist in DMSO solution relative to the orientation of deamino-oxytocin in the crystalline state. Analyses of oxytocin conformation indicate that the tripeptide tail is more flexible than the tocin ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhaskaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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39
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Kunju PA, Bhaskaran R, Nair KR. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome improved by bromocriptine. J Assoc Physicians India 1990; 38:358-9. [PMID: 2387820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P A Kunju
- Department of Neurology, Medical College Hospital, Trivandrum
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40
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Bhaskaran R, Nair KR. Neurological manifestations of homocystinuria. J Assoc Physicians India 1989; 37:697-9. [PMID: 2632533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Six cases of homocystinuria with different clinical manifestations are described. Two of these patients presented with vascular problems, two had proximal muscle weakness, one each had cerebellar ataxia and psychiatric manifestations. Biochemical defects and the pathological mechanisms in different types of homocystinurias are reviewed.
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Rajasekhran Nair K, Bhaskaran R. Familial parkinsonism. Acta Neurol (Napoli) 1986; 8:633-8. [PMID: 3825619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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42
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Nair KR, Bhaskaran R, Devi TK. Multiple myeloma. J Assoc Physicians India 1986; 34:287-8. [PMID: 3759829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Nair KR, Bhaskaran R. Progressive supranuclear palsy. J Assoc Physicians India 1986; 34:203-4. [PMID: 3733651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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44
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Rajasekharan Nair K, Bhaskaran R. Syphilitic aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta with radicular pain. Acta Neurol (Napoli) 1986; 8:51-3. [PMID: 3962756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Nair KR, Bhaskaran R, Retnakumari S, Madhusoodana M. Ischemic myelopathy in Takayasu's disease. J Assoc Physicians India 1985; 33:735-6. [PMID: 2869023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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46
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Nair KR, Bhaskaran R, Devi TK. Multiple myeloma. J Assoc Physicians India 1984; 32:1065-6. [PMID: 6526800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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47
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Abstract
The dynamic differential equation model developed and tested for bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and tuna ferrocytochrome c in Ponnuswamy, P.K. & Bhaskaran, R. (Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 24, 168-179, 1984) is extended for 17 more protein crystals in this work. Average displacements are computed for 20 amino acid residues observed in 19 proteins. Detailed information on the dynamic behaviour of the individual proteins and individual residues is presented. The effect of atomic packing on the fluctuations of the amino acid residues in alpha-chymotrypsin is illustrated. A number of general points on the dynamic characteristics of globular protein molecules are presented.
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Abstract
By regarding the globular proteins as spheroidal shaped bodies of uniform density, a differential equation model to study their low amplitude fluctuations was developed. It was then applied to the crystal structures of pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and ferrocytochrome c. The results were tested by comparing them with those of the dynamic simulation and temperature factor studies on the same proteins.
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49
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Bhaskaran R, Iyer GV. Acute idiopathic ophthalmoplegias (a prospective study of eighty cases). J Assoc Physicians India 1984; 32:426-8. [PMID: 6501180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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50
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Pandian TJ, Bhaskaran R. Uptake, accumulation and elimination of 14C DDT in the fish Channa striatus. Indian J Exp Biol 1983; 21:88-91. [PMID: 6629439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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