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Miresa F, Beyene B, Abdulhadi M, Mohamud A, Belachew A. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the jejunum in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 117:109519. [PMID: 38471213 PMCID: PMC10945191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Despite being the longest and containing a greater proportion of the gastrointestinal tract's mucosal surface area, the small bowel is where <2 % to 5 % of gastrointestinal cancers can occur. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is the rarest risk factor for the development of small intestinal cancers. Here we report a case of perforated poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the jejunum for which Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is identified. CASE PRESENTATION A 25-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with generalized peritonitis caused by a perforated jejunal mass. The patient underwent an emergency exploratory laparotomy. There was 800 ml of thin pus in the peritoneal cavity and 5 cm by 6 cm perforated mass over the jejunum which extends to the mesentery. Palpable intraluminal polyps with an inverted serosal surface for some of them were identified. The pus was sucked out, and the mass was resected with its mesenteric lymph nodes and segments containing polyps. Subsequently, end-to-end hand-sewn anastomosis was performed, and the abdomen was closed. The histopathology report showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, stage IIIC (PT3, PN2), and Peutz-Jeghers polyps, suggesting Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Even though small bowel malignancy is a rare entity, early detection is a challenging issue, especially when it happens below the ligaments of the trietz. Surgical resection offers the only potential cure for small bowel malignancy. CONCLUSION We conclude that patients with long-term, nonspecific abdominal complaints are good candidates for evaluation and investigation without overlooking small bowel malignancy. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome was a potential risk factor in our case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Miresa
- Department of Surgery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Badhaasaa Beyene
- Department of Surgery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Munewor Abdulhadi
- Department of Surgery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdulaziz Mohamud
- Department of Surgery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Belachew
- Department of Pathology, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Seyoum A, Seyoum B, Gure T, Alemu A, Alemayehu DH, Alemu A, Belachew A, Tefera DA, Aseffa A, Howe R, Mulu A, Mihret A. High rate of non-vaccine targeted high-risk HPV genotypes circulate among women in Eastern Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:958. [PMID: 38200092 PMCID: PMC10781741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization [WHO] recommends a genotype-specific human papillomavirus [HPV] vaccination as a primary prevention strategy to control the burden of cervical cancer globally. In Ethiopia, where the non-vaccine-targeted HPV genotypes have not been adequately studied, a vaccination initiative was launched in 2018 targeting HPV-6,-11, -16, and -18 for girls aged 14-18 years. The co-existence of both vaccine-targeted and non-targeted genotypes is a serious concern, as it can accelerate cancer progression. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of non-vaccine-targeted HPV genotypes and assess the level of multiple infections with other genotypes in eastern Ethiopia. A health facility-based cross-sectional study including 110 women with positive HPV DNA results was conducted from April to August 2021. A structured questionnaire to collect demographic and clinical data was used. Cervical swabs were collected using L-shaped FLOQSwabs. Women's cytological profile was determined based on Pap smear test results. An automated nucleic acid extraction system using STARMag 96 ProPrep Universal Extraction Kit was utilized following the manufacturer's protocol. An amplification assay in real-time was employed to amplify and identify the HPV Late 1 [L1] gene, which is utilized for genotyping purposes. Following this, the collected data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 software, and the analysis was performed using STATA version 14. A total of 110 women [age range 30-60 years, mean age = 36.5 years and SD ± 6.9] had positive HPV DNA results and were included in the study. Among these, 108 women had valid co-testing [Pap test and HPV DNA test] results for further analysis, and the results of the remaining 2 women were rejected. Overall, the prevalence of non-vaccine-targeted HPV was 56 (51.8%, 95%CI [0.42, 0.61]), of which 28 women (25.4%, 95%CI [0.18, 0.34]) had a single non-vaccine HPV genotype infection. The remaining 29 women (26.4%, 95% CI: 0.190-0.355) experienced multiple infections. The non-vaccine-targeted genotypes of HPV-35 accounted for 11 cases (10%, 95%CI [0.06, 0.17]), HPV-68 was detected in 9 women (8.2%, 95%CI [0.04, 0.15]), HPV-56 and HPV-66 were both found in 8 cases each (7.3%, 95%CI [0.04, 0.14]) of the total. In addition, out of these 108 women, 93 (86.1%, 95%CI [0.78, 0.91]) had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 13 (12%, 95%CI [0.07, 0.20]) no intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, and two (1.9%, 95%CI [0.01, 0.07]) high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference [p = 0.755] between vaccine-targeted and non-vaccine-targeted genotypes as the primary cause of cervical lesions. In conclusion, the findings of the present study highlight the existence of a notable prevalence of multiple infections caused by non-vaccine-targeted HPV genotypes. Therefore, it is recommended that both the Federal and regional health bureaus to evaluate the range of hr HPV genotypes protected by the current HPV vaccine and explore the option of transitioning from the quadrivalent HPV vaccine to a novavalent vaccine that includes seven high-risk HPV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayichew Seyoum
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Berhanu Seyoum
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Gure
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Alemu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Addisu Alemu
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Belachew
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Rees CA, Igunza KA, Madewell ZJ, Akelo V, Onyango D, El Arifeen S, Gurley ES, Hossain MZ, Rahman A, Alam M, Scott JAG, Assefa N, Madrid L, Belachew A, Leulseged H, Kotloff KL, Sow SO, Tapia MD, Keita AM, Sidibe D, Sitoe A, Varo R, Ajanovic S, Bassat Q, Mandomando I, Tippett Barr BA, Ogbuanu I, Cain CJ, Bassey IA, Luke R, Gassama K, Madhi S, Dangor Z, Mahtab S, Velaphi S, du Toit J, Mutevedzi PC, Blau DM, Breiman RF, Whitney CG. Provider adherence to clinical care recommendations for infants and children who died in seven low- and middle-income countries in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 63:102198. [PMID: 37692079 PMCID: PMC10484959 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most childhood deaths globally are considered preventable through high-quality clinical care, which includes adherence to clinical care recommendations. Our objective was to describe adherence to World Health Organization recommendations for the management of leading causes of death among children. Methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study examining clinical data for children aged 1-59 months who were hospitalized and died in a Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) catchment, December 2016-June 2021. Catchment areas included: Baliakandi and Faridpur, Bangladesh; Kersa, Haramaya, and Harar, Ethiopia; Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya; Bamako, Mali; Manhiça and Quelimane, Mozambique; Makeni, Sierra Leone; Soweto, South Africa. We reviewed medical records of those who died from lower respiratory tract infections, sepsis, malnutrition, malaria, and diarrheal diseases to determine the proportion who received recommended treatments and compared adherence by hospitalization duration. Findings CHAMPS enrolled 460 hospitalized children who died from the leading causes (median age 12 months, 53.0% male). Median hospital admission was 31 h. There were 51.0% (n = 127/249) of children who died from lower respiratory tract infections received supplemental oxygen. Administration of intravenous fluids for sepsis (15.9%, n = 36/226) and supplemental feeds for malnutrition (14.0%, n = 18/129) were uncommon. There were 51.4% (n = 55/107) of those who died from malaria received antimalarials. Of the 80 children who died from diarrheal diseases, 76.2% received intravenous fluids. Those admitted for ≥24 h more commonly received antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infections and sepsis, supplemental feeds for malnutrition, and intravenous fluids for sepsis than those admitted <24 h. Interpretation Provision of recommended clinical care for leading causes of death among young children was suboptimal. Further studies are needed to understand the reasons for deficits in clinical care recommendation adherence. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A. Rees
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Zachary J. Madewell
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Victor Akelo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Shams El Arifeen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emily S. Gurley
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afruna Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muntasir Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nega Assefa
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lola Madrid
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Anteneh Belachew
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Hararghe Health Research, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
| | - Haleluya Leulseged
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Hararghe Health Research, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
| | - Karen L. Kotloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Samba O. Sow
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins-Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Milagritos D. Tapia
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | | | | | - Antonio Sitoe
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Rosauro Varo
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ajanovic
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inácio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério de Saúde, Maputo, Moçambique
| | | | | | | | | | - Ronita Luke
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Shabir Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ziyaad Dangor
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sana Mahtab
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sithembiso Velaphi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jeanie du Toit
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Portia C. Mutevedzi
- Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Dianna M. Blau
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Breiman
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Cynthia G. Whitney
- Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Seyoum A, Seyoum B, Gure T, Alemu A, Belachew A, Abeje D, Aseffa A, Howe R, Mulu A, Mihret A. Genotype heterogeneity of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in Ethiopia. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1116685. [PMID: 36846744 PMCID: PMC9951590 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1116685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a vaccine-preventable sexually transmitted disease. In the year 2020, there were an estimated 604,000 new cases and 342,000 deaths worldwide. Although its incidence is global, it is much higher in sub-Saharan African countries. In Ethiopia, there is a scarcity of data about the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection and its association with cytological profiles. Therefore, this study was conducted to fill this information gap. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 26 to August 28, 2021, and enrolled 901 sexually active women. Socio-demographic and other relevant bio-behavioral and clinical data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Visual inspection with acetic acid [VIA] was done as an initial screening method for cervical cancer. The cervical swab was then collected using L-Shaped FLOQSwabs in eNAT nucleic acid preservation and transportation medium. A Pap test was done to determine the cytological profile. Nucleic acid was extracted using STARMag 96 ProPrep Kit on SEEPREP32. A Real-time multiplex assay was performed to amplify and detect the HPV L1 gene used for genotyping. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 software and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. A total of 901 (age range from 30 to 60 years, mean age = 34.8 years, and SD± 5.8) women were screened for cervical cancer using VIA and 832 women had a valid co-testing (Pap test and HPV DNA testing) results for further process. The overall prevalence of hr HPV infection was 13.1%. Out of 832 women, 88% of them had normal and 12% had abnormal Pap test results. The proportion of high risk HPV was significantly higher among women with abnormal cytology (X 2 = 688.446, p < 0.001) and younger age (X 2 = 15.3408, p = 0.018). Among 110 women with hr HPV, 14 genotypes (HPV-16, -18, -31, -33, -35, -39, -45, -51, -52, -56, -58, -59, -66, and -68) were identified while HPV-16, -31, -52, -58, and -35 genotypes were highly prevalent. The high risk HPV infection continues to be a significant public health problem among women 30-35 years old. The presence of high-risk HPV irrespective of genotypes is highly correlated with cervical cell abnormalities. Genotype heterogeneity is observed suggesting the importance of periodic geospatial genotyping surveillance for vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayichew Seyoum
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia,Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,*Correspondence: Ayichew Seyoum, ✉
| | - Berhanu Seyoum
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Gure
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Alemu
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Belachew
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abraham Aseffa
- TDR, the Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Seyoum A, Seyoum B, Gure T, Alemu A, Belachew A, Abeje D, Aseffa A, Howe R, Mulu A, Mihret A. Corrigendum: Genotype heterogeneity of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in Ethiopia. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1178530. [PMID: 37032889 PMCID: PMC10078983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1178530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1116685.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayichew Seyoum
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Seyoum
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Gure
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Alemu
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Belachew
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Clark D, Joannides A, Adeleye AO, Bajamal AH, Bashford T, Biluts H, Budohoski K, Ercole A, Fernández-Méndez R, Figaji A, Gupta DK, Härtl R, Iaccarino C, Khan T, Laeke T, Rubiano A, Shabani HK, Sichizya K, Tewari M, Tirsit A, Thu M, Tripathi M, Trivedi R, Devi BI, Servadei F, Menon D, Kolias A, Hutchinson P, Abdallah OI, Abdel-Lateef A, Abdifatah K, Abdullateef A, Abeygunaratne R, Aboellil M, Adam A, Adams R, Adeleye A, Adeolu A, Adji NK, Afianti N, Agarwal S, Aghadi IK, Aguilar PMM, Ahmad SR, Ahmed D, Ahmed N, Aizaz H, Aji YK, Alamri A, Alberto AJM, Alcocer LA, Alfaro LG, Al-Habib A, Alhourani A, Ali SMR, Alkherayf F, AlMenabbawy A, Alshareef A, Aminullah MAS, Amjad M, Amorim RLOD, Anbazhagan S, Andrade A, Antar W, Anyomih TT, Aoun S, Apriawan T, Armocida D, Arnold P, Arraez M, Assefa T, Asser A, Athiththan S, Attanayake D, Aung MM, Avi A, Ayala VEA, Azab M, Azam G, Azharuddin M, Badejo O, Badran M, Baig AA, Baig RA, Bajaj A, Baker P, Bala R, Balasa A, Balchin R, Balogun J, Ban VS, Bandi BKR, Bandyopadhyay S, Bank M, Barthelemy E, Bashir MT, Basso LS, Basu S, Batista A, Bauer M, Bavishi D, Beane A, Bejell S, Belachew A, Belli A, Belouaer A, Bendahane NEA, Benjamin O, Benslimane Y, Benyaiche C, Bernucci C, Berra LV, Bhebe A, Bimpis A, Blanaru D, Bonfim JC, Borba LAB, Borcek AO, Borotto E, Bouhuwaish AEM, Bourilhon F, Brachini G, Breedon J, Broger M, Brunetto GMF, Bruzzaniti P, Budohoska N, Burhan H, Calatroni ML, Camargo C, Cappai PF, Cardali SM, Castaño-Leon AM, Cederberg D, Celaya M, Cenzato M, Challa LM, Charest D, Chaurasia B, Chenna R, Cherian I, Ching'o JH, Chotai T, Choudhary A, Choudhary N, Choumin F, Cigic T, Ciro J, Conti C, Corrêa ACDS, Cossu G, Couto MP, Cruz A, D'Silva D, D'Aliberti GA, Dampha L, Daniel RT, Dapaah A, Darbar A, Dascalu G, Dauda HA, Davies O, Delgado-Babiano A, Dengl M, Despotovic M, Devi I, Dias C, Dirar M, Dissanayake M, Djimbaye H, Dockrell S, Dolachee A, Dolgopolova J, Dolgun M, Dow A, Drusiani D, Dugan A, Duong DT, Duong TK, Dziedzic T, Ebrahim A, El Fatemi N, El Helou AE, El Maaqili RE, El Mostarchid BE, El Ouahabi AE, Elbaroody M, El-Fiki A, El-Garci A, El-Ghandour NM, Elhadi M, Elleder V, Elrais S, El-shazly M, Elshenawy M, Elshitany H, El-Sobky O, Emhamed M, Enicker B, Erdogan O, Ertl S, Esene I, Espinosa OO, Fadalla T, Fadelalla M, Faleiro RM, Fatima N, Fawaz C, Fentaw A, Fernandez CE, Ferreira A, Ferri F, Figaji T, Filho ELB, Fin L, Fisher B, Fitra F, Flores AP, Florian IS, Fontana V, Ford L, Fountain D, Frade JMR, Fratto A, Freyschlag C, Gabin AS, Gallagher C, Ganau M, Gandia-Gonzalez ML, Garcia A, Garcia BH, Garusinghe S, Gebreegziabher B, Gelb A, George JS, Germanò AF, Ghetti I, Ghimire P, Giammarusti A, Gil JL, Gkolia P, Godebo Y, Gollapudi PR, Golubovic J, Gomes JF, Gonzales J, Gormley W, Gots A, Gribaudi GL, Griswold D, Gritti P, Grobler R, Gunawan R, Hailemichael B, Hakkou E, Haley M, Hamdan A, Hammed A, Hamouda W, Hamzah NA, Han NL, Hanalioglu S, Haniffa R, Hanko M, Hanrahan J, Hardcastle T, Hassani FD, Heidecke V, Helseth E, Hernández-Hernández MÁ, Hickman Z, Hoang LMC, Hollinger A, Horakova L, Hossain-Ibrahim K, Hou B, Hoz S, Hsu J, Hunn M, Hussain M, Iacopino G, Ideta MML, Iglesias I, Ilunga A, Imtiaz N, Islam R, Ivashchenko S, Izirouel K, Jabal MS, Jabal S, Jabang JN, Jamjoom A, Jan I, Jarju LBM, Javed S, Jelaca B, Jhawar SS, Jiang TT, Jimenez F, Jiris J, Jithoo R, Johnson W, Joseph M, Joshi R, Junttila E, Jusabani M, Kache SA, Kadali SP, Kalkmann GF, Kamboh U, Kandel H, Karakus AK, Kassa M, Katila A, Kato Y, Keba M, Kehoe K, Kertmen HH, Khafaji S, Khajanchi M, Khan M, Khan MM, Khan SD, Khizar A, Khriesh A, Kierońska S, Kisanga P, Kivevele B, Koczyk K, Koerling AL, Koffenberger D, Kõiv K, Kõiv L, Kolarovszki B, König M, Könü-Leblebicioglu D, Koppala SD, Korhonen T, Kostkiewicz B, Kostyra K, Kotakadira S, Kotha AR, Kottakki MNR, Krajcinovic N, Krakowiak M, Kramer A, Krishnamoorthy S, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar P, Kumarasinghe N, Kuncha G, Kutty RK, Laeke T, Lafta G, Lammy S, Lapolla P, Lardani J, Lasica N, Lastrucci G, Launey Y, Lavalle L, Lawrence T, Lazaro A, Lebed V, Leinonen V, Lemeri L, Levi L, Lim JY, Lim XY, Linares-Torres J, Lippa L, Lisboa L, Liu J, Liu Z, Lo WB, Lodin J, Loi F, Londono D, Lopez PAG, López CB, Lotbiniere-Bassett MD, Lulens R, Luna FH, Luoto T, M.V. VS, Mabovula N, MacAllister M, Macie AA, Maduri R, Mahfoud M, Mahmood A, Mahmoud F, Mahoney D, Makhlouf W, Malcolm G, Malomo A, Malomo T, Mani MK, Marçal TG, Marchello J, Marchesini N, Marhold F, Marklund N, Martín-Láez R, Mathaneswaran V, Mato-Mañas DJ, Maye H, McLean AL, McMahon C, Mediratta S, Mehboob M, Meneses A, Mentri N, Mersha H, Mesa AM, Meyer C, Millward C, Mimbir SA, Mingoli A, Mishra P, Mishra T, Misra B, Mittal S, Mohammed I, Moldovan I, Molefe M, Moles A, Moodley P, Morales MAN, Morgan L, Morillo GDC, Moustafa W, Moustakis N, Mrichi S, Munjal SS, Muntaka AJM, Naicker D, Nakashima PEH, Nandigama PK, Nash S, Negoi I, Negoita V, Neupane S, Nguyen MH, Niantiarno FH, Noble A, Nor MAM, Nowak B, Oancea A, O'Brien F, Okere O, Olaya S, Oliveira L, Oliveira LM, Omar F, Ononeme O, Opšenák R, Orlandini S, Osama A, Osei-Poku D, Osman H, Otero A, Ottenhausen M, Otzri S, Outani O, Owusu EA, Owusu-Agyemang K, Ozair A, Ozoner B, Paal E, Paiva MS, Paiva W, Pandey S, Pansini G, Pansini L, Pantel T, Pantelas N, Papadopoulos K, Papic V, Park K, Park N, Paschoal EHA, Paschoalino MCDO, Pathi R, Peethambaran A, Pereira TA, Perez IP, Pérez CJP, Periyasamy T, Peron S, Phillips M, Picazo SS, Pinar E, Pinggera D, Piper R, Pirakash P, Popadic B, Posti JP, Prabhakar RB, Pradeepan S, Prasad M, Prieto PC, Prince R, Prontera A, Provaznikova E, Quadros D, Quintero NJR, Qureshi M, Rabiel H, Rada G, Ragavan S, Rahman J, Ramadhan O, Ramaswamy P, Rashid S, Rathugamage J, Rätsep T, Rauhala M, Raza A, Reddycherla NR, Reen L, Refaat M, Regli L, Ren H, Ria A, Ribeiro TF, Ricci A, Richterová R, Ringel F, Robertson F, Rocha CMSC, Rogério JDS, Romano AA, Rothemeyer S, Rousseau GRG, Roza R, Rueda KDF, Ruiz R, Rundgren M, Rzeplinski R, S.Chandran R, Sadayandi RA, Sage W, Sagerer ANJ, Sakar M, Salami M, Sale D, Saleh Y, Sánchez-Viguera C, Sandila S, Sanli AM, Santi L, Santoro A, Santos AKDD, Santos SCD, Sanz B, Sapkota S, Sasidharan G, Sasillo I, Satoskar R, Sayar AC, Sayee V, Scheichel F, Schiavo FL, Schupper A, Schwarz A, Scott T, Seeberger E, Segundo CNC, Seidu AS, Selfa A, Selmi NH, Selvarajah C, Şengel N, Seule M, Severo L, Shah P, Shahzad M, Shangase T, Sharma M, Shiban E, Shimber E, Shokunbi T, Siddiqui K, Sieg E, Siegemund M, Sikder SR, Silva ACV, Silva A, Silva PA, Singh D, Skadden C, Skola J, Skouteli E, Słoniewski P, Smith B, Solanki G, Solla DF, Solla D, Sonmez O, Sönmez M, Soon WC, Stefini R, Stienen MN, Stoica B, Stovell M, Suarez MN, Sulaiman A, Suliman M, Sulistyanto A, Sulubulut Ş, Sungailaite S, Surbeck M, Szmuda T, Taddei G, Tadele A, Taher ASA, Takala R, Talari KM, Tan BH, Tariciotti L, Tarmohamed M, Taroua O, Tatti E, Tenovuo O, Tetri S, Thakkar P, Thango N, Thatikonda SK, Thesleff T, Thomé C, Thornton O, Timmons S, Timoteo EE, Tingate C, Tliba S, Tolias C, Toman E, Torres I, Torres L, Touissi Y, Touray M, Tropeano MP, Tsermoulas G, Tsitsipanis C, Turkoglu ME, Uçkun ÖM, Ullman J, Ungureanu G, Urasa S, Ur-Rehman O, Uysal M, Vakis A, Valeinis E, Valluru V, Vannoy D, Vargas P, Varotsis P, Varshney R, Vats A, Veljanoski D, Venturini S, Verma A, Villa C, Villa G, Villar S, Villard E, Viruez A, Voglis S, Vulekovic P, Wadanamby S, Wagner K, Walshe R, Walter J, Waseem M, Whitworth T, Wijeyekoon R, Williams A, Wilson M, Win S, Winarso AWW, Ximenes AWP, Yadav A, Yadav D, Yakoub KM, Yalcinkaya A, Yan G, Yaqoob E, Yepes C, Yılmaz AN, Yishak B, Yousuf FB, Zahari MZ, Zakaria H, Zambonin D, Zavatto L, Zebian B, Zeitlberger AM, Zhang F, Zheng F, Ziga M. Casemix, management, and mortality of patients rreseceiving emergency neurosurgery for traumatic brain injury in the Global Neurotrauma Outcomes Study: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:438-449. [PMID: 35305318 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasingly recognised as being responsible for a substantial proportion of the global burden of disease. Neurosurgical interventions are an important aspect of care for patients with TBI, but there is little epidemiological data available on this patient population. We aimed to characterise differences in casemix, management, and mortality of patients receiving emergency neurosurgery for TBI across different levels of human development. METHODS We did a prospective observational cohort study of consecutive patients with TBI undergoing emergency neurosurgery, in a convenience sample of hospitals identified by open invitation, through international and regional scientific societies and meetings, individual contacts, and social media. Patients receiving emergency neurosurgery for TBI in each hospital's 30-day study period were all eligible for inclusion, with the exception of patients undergoing insertion of an intracranial pressure monitor only, ventriculostomy placement only, or a procedure for drainage of a chronic subdural haematoma. The primary outcome was mortality at 14 days postoperatively (or last point of observation if the patient was discharged before this time point). Countries were stratified according to their Human Development Index (HDI)-a composite of life expectancy, education, and income measures-into very high HDI, high HDI, medium HDI, and low HDI tiers. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to examine the effect of HDI on mortality while accounting for and quantifying between-hospital and between-country variation. FINDINGS Our study included 1635 records from 159 hospitals in 57 countries, collected between Nov 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2020. 328 (20%) records were from countries in the very high HDI tier, 539 (33%) from countries in the high HDI tier, 614 (38%) from countries in the medium HDI tier, and 154 (9%) from countries in the low HDI tier. The median age was 35 years (IQR 24-51), with the oldest patients in the very high HDI tier (median 54 years, IQR 34-69) and the youngest in the low HDI tier (median 28 years, IQR 20-38). The most common procedures were elevation of a depressed skull fracture in the low HDI tier (69 [45%]), evacuation of a supratentorial extradural haematoma in the medium HDI tier (189 [31%]) and high HDI tier (173 [32%]), and evacuation of a supratentorial acute subdural haematoma in the very high HDI tier (155 [47%]). Median time from injury to surgery was 13 h (IQR 6-32). Overall mortality was 18% (299 of 1635). After adjustment for casemix, the odds of mortality were greater in the medium HDI tier (odds ratio [OR] 2·84, 95% CI 1·55-5·2) and high HDI tier (2·26, 1·23-4·15), but not the low HDI tier (1·66, 0·61-4·46), relative to the very high HDI tier. There was significant between-hospital variation in mortality (median OR 2·04, 95% CI 1·17-2·49). INTERPRETATION Patients receiving emergency neurosurgery for TBI differed considerably in their admission characteristics and management across human development settings. Level of human development was associated with mortality. Substantial opportunities to improve care globally were identified, including reducing delays to surgery. Between-hospital variation in mortality suggests changes at an institutional level could influence outcome and comparative effectiveness research could identify best practices. FUNDING National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Group.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Clark
- National Institute of Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Neurosurgery Division, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
| | - Alexis Joannides
- National Institute of Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amos Olufemi Adeleye
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abdul Hafid Bajamal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Tom Bashford
- National Institute of Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hagos Biluts
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Karol Budohoski
- National Institute of Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ari Ercole
- National Institute of Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rocío Fernández-Méndez
- National Institute of Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony Figaji
- Division of Neurosurgery and Neurosciences Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Deepak Kumar Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Roger Härtl
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corrado Iaccarino
- Neurosurgery Division, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, North West General Hospital & Research Center, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Tsegazeab Laeke
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Andrés Rubiano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Hamisi K Shabani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute and Muhimbili University College of Allied Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Manoj Tewari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abenezer Tirsit
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Myat Thu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yangon General Hospital, Yangon, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Manjul Tripathi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rikin Trivedi
- National Institute of Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bhagavatula Indira Devi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Franco Servadei
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milano, Italy
| | - David Menon
- National Institute of Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angelos Kolias
- National Institute of Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Hutchinson
- National Institute of Health Research Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Munjal K, Belachew A, Tan N, Morrison J, Kong C, Drake A, Chapin H, Redlener M, Ming K, Ngai G, Fierstein J, Richardson L. 136 Retrospective Application of a Low Acuity Emergency Medical Services Triage Protocol to Identify Patients Appropriate for Urgent Care. Ann Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Patnaik MM, Belachew A, Finke C, Lasho TL, Hanson CA, Tefferi A. CALR mutations are infrequent in WHO-defined refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts. Leukemia 2014; 28:1370-1. [PMID: 24476767 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Patnaik
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Belachew
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Finke
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - T L Lasho
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C A Hanson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Abstract
In higher plants, the transition from the vegetative to the; reproductive state in the shoot meristem initiates flowering. To study this floral transition, Constitutively flowering mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype columbia, embryonic flower (emf), was characterized. No vegetative shoots were produced from emf embryos or calli; the shoot apical meristems (SAMs) in the emf embryos were altered compared to wild-type SAMs. The mutant SAMs enlarged precociously and produced inflorescence meritems upon germination. These results suggest that the dominant, wild-type allele EMF is required for the vegetative state of the SAM. In the absence of EMF function, the mutant embryo assumes the reproductive state.
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Dooner HK, Belachew A, Burgess D, Harding S, Ralston M, Ralston E. Distribution of unlinked receptor sites for transposed Ac elements from the bz-m2(Ac) allele in maize. Genetics 1994; 136:261-79. [PMID: 8138163 PMCID: PMC1205778 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/136.1.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown before that the Ac element from the maize bz-m2(Ac) allele, located in the short arm of chromosome 9 (9S), transposes preferentially to sites that are linked to the bz donor locus. Yet, about half of the Ac transpositions recovered from bz-m2(Ac) are in receptor sites not linked to the donor locus. In this study, we have analyzed the distribution of those unlinked receptor sites. Thirty-seven transposed Ac (trAc) elements that recombined independently of the bz locus were mapped using a set of wx reciprocal translocations. We found that the distribution of unlinked receptor sites for trAs was not random. Ten trAcs mapped to 9L, i.e., Ac had transposed to sites physically, if not genetically, linked to the donor site. Among chromosomes other than 9, the Ac element of bz-m2(Ac) appeared to have transposed preferentially to certain chromosomes, such as 5 and 7, but infrequently to others, such as 1, the longest chromosome in the maize genome. The seven trAc elements in chromosome 5 were mapped relative to markers in 5S and 5L and localized to both arms of 5. We also investigated the transposition of Ac to the homolog of the donor chromosome. We found that Ac rarely transposes from bz-m2(Ac) to the homologous chromosome 9. The clustering of Ac receptor sites around the donor locus has been taken to mean that a physical association between the donor site and nearby receptor sites occurs during transposition. The preferential occurrence of 9L among chromosomes harboring unlinked receptor sites would be expected according to this model, since sites in 9L would tend to be physically closer to 9S than sites in other chromosomes. The nonrandom pattern seen among the remaining chromosomes could reflect an underlying nuclear architecture, i.e., an ordering of the chromosomes in the interphase nucleus, as suggested from previous cytological observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Dooner
- DNA Plant Technology Corporation, Oakland, California 94608
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11
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Abstract
Chromosome breaks and hence chromosomal rearrangements often occur in maize stocks harboring transposable elements (TEs), yet it is not clear what types of TE structures promote breakage. We have shown previously that chromosomes containing a complex transposon structure consisting of an Ac (Activator) element closely linked in direct orientation to a terminally deleted or fractured Ac (fAc) element have a strong tendency to break during endosperm development. Here we show that pairs of closely linked transposons with intact ends, either two Ac elements--a common product of Ac transposition--or an Ac and a Ds (Dissociation) element, can constitute chromosome-breaking structures, and that the frequency of breakage is inversely related to intertransposon distance. Similar structures may also be implicated in chromosome breaks in other eukaryotic TE systems known to produce chromosomal rearrangements. The present findings are discussed in light of a model of chromosome breakage that is based on the transposition of a partially replicated macrotransposon delimited by the outside ends of the two linked TEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Dooner
- DNA Plant Technology Corporation, Oakland, California 94608-1239
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Abstract
Abstract
The pattern of transposition of Ac from the mutable allele bz-m2(Ac) has been investigated. Stable (bz-s) and finely spotted (bz-m(F)) exceptions were selected from coarsely spotted bz-m2(Ac) ears. The presence or absence of a transposed Ac (trAc) in the genome was determined and, when present, the location of the trAc was mapped relative to the flanking markers sh and wx. The salient general features of Ac transposition to sites linked to bz are that the receptor sites tend to be clustered on either side of the bz donor site and that transposition is bidirectional and nonpolar. Thus, the symmetrical clustering in the distribution of receptor sites adjacent to bz differs from the asymmetrical clustering reported in 1984 for the P locus by I. M. GREENBLATT. Though Ac tends to transpose preferentially to closely linked sites, an appreciable fraction of Ac transpositions from bz-m2(Ac) is to unlinked sites: 41% among bz-s derivatives and 59% among bz-m(F) derivatives. Many transposition events among the bz-m(F) selections result in kernels carrying a genetically noncorresponding embryo. These can be interpreted as twin sectors arising at one of the megagametophytic mitoses. The bz locus data fit the earlier (1962) model of I. M. GREENBLATT and R. A. BRINK in which transposition takes place from a replicated donor site to either an unreplicated or replicated receptor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Dooner
- Advanced Genetic Sciences, 6701 San Pablo Avenue, Oakland, California 94608
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