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Mahtab S, Blau DM, Madewell ZJ, Ogbuanu I, Ojulong J, Lako S, Legesse H, Bangura JS, Bassat Q, Mandomando I, Xerinda E, Fernandes F, Varo R, Sow SO, Kotloff KL, Tapia MD, Keita AM, Sidibe D, Onyango D, Akelo V, Gethi D, Verani JR, Revathi G, Scott JAG, Assefa N, Madrid L, Bizuayehu H, Tirfe TT, El Arifeen S, Gurley ES, Islam KM, Alam M, Zahid Hossain M, Dangor Z, Baillie VL, Hale M, Mutevedzi P, Breiman RF, Whitney CG, Madhi SA. Post-mortem investigation of deaths due to pneumonia in children aged 1-59 months in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia from 2016 to 2022: an observational study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2024; 8:201-213. [PMID: 38281495 PMCID: PMC10864189 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network programme undertakes post-mortem minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS), together with collection of ante-mortem clinical information, to investigate causes of childhood deaths across multiple countries. We aimed to evaluate the overall contribution of pneumonia in the causal pathway to death and the causative pathogens of fatal pneumonia in children aged 1-59 months enrolled in the CHAMPS Network. METHODS In this observational study we analysed deaths occurring between Dec 16, 2016, and Dec 31, 2022, in the CHAMPS Network across six countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, and South Africa) and one in South Asia (Bangladesh). A standardised approach of MITS was undertaken on decedents within 24-72 h of death. Diagnostic tests included blood culture, multi-organism targeted nucleic acid amplifications tests (NAATs) of blood and lung tissue, and histopathology examination of various organ tissue samples. An interdisciplinary expert panel at each site reviewed case data to attribute the cause of death and pathogenesis thereof on the basis of WHO-recommended reporting standards. FINDINGS Pneumonia was attributed in the causal pathway of death in 455 (40·6%) of 1120 decedents, with a median age at death of 9 (IQR 4-19) months. Causative pathogens were identified in 377 (82·9%) of 455 pneumonia deaths, and multiple pathogens were implicated in 218 (57·8%) of 377 deaths. 306 (67·3%) of 455 deaths occurred in the community or within 72 h of hospital admission (presumed to be community-acquired pneumonia), with the leading bacterial pathogens being Streptococcus pneumoniae (108 [35·3%]), Klebsiella pneumoniae (78 [25·5%]), and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (37 [12·1%]). 149 (32·7%) deaths occurred 72 h or more after hospital admission (presumed to be hospital-acquired pneumonia), with the most common pathogens being K pneumoniae (64 [43·0%]), Acinetobacter baumannii (19 [12·8%]), S pneumoniae (15 [10·1%]), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15 [10·1%]). Overall, viruses were implicated in 145 (31·9%) of 455 pneumonia-related deaths, including 54 (11·9%) of 455 attributed to cytomegalovirus and 29 (6·4%) of 455 attributed to respiratory syncytial virus. INTERPRETATION Pneumonia contributed to 40·6% of all childhood deaths in this analysis. The use of post-mortem MITS enabled biological ascertainment of the cause of death in the majority (82·9%) of childhood deaths attributed to pneumonia, with more than one pathogen being commonly implicated in the same case. The prominent role of K pneumoniae, non-typable H influenzae, and S pneumoniae highlight the need to review empirical management guidelines for management of very severe pneumonia in low-income and middle-income settings, and the need for research into new or improved vaccines against these pathogens. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mahtab
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dianna M Blau
- Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zachary J Madewell
- Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Sandra Lako
- Aberdeen Women's Centre, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | | | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique; ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Unversitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institutó Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain; Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inacio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique; Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Elisio Xerinda
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Fabiola Fernandes
- Department of Pathology, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Rosauro Varo
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique; ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Unversitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samba O Sow
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | - Karen L Kotloff
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milagritos D Tapia
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adama Mamby Keita
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | - Diakaridia Sidibe
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Victor Akelo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Dickson Gethi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Center for Global Health Research (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Jennifer R Verani
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gunturu Revathi
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J Anthony G Scott
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lola Madrid
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Hiwot Bizuayehu
- Department of Microbiology, Addis Ababa Burn, Emergency and Trauma Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Shams El Arifeen
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emily S Gurley
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kazi Munisul Islam
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muntasir Alam
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ziyaad Dangor
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vicky L Baillie
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Martin Hale
- National Health Laboratory Service, Department of Anatomical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Portia Mutevedzi
- Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert F Breiman
- Wits Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cynthia G Whitney
- Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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2
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Garcia Gomez E, Igunza KA, Madewell ZJ, Akelo V, Onyango D, El Arifeen S, Gurley ES, Hossain MZ, Chowdhury MAI, Islam KM, Assefa N, Scott JAG, Madrid L, Tilahun Y, Orlien S, Kotloff KL, Tapia MD, Keita AM, Mehta A, Magaço A, Torres-Fernandez D, Nhacolo A, Bassat Q, Mandomando I, Ogbuanu I, Cain CJ, Luke R, Kamara SIB, Legesse H, Madhi S, Dangor Z, Mahtab S, Wise A, Adam Y, Whitney CG, Mutevedzi PC, Blau DM, Breiman RF, Tippett Barr BA, Rees CA. Identifying delays in healthcare seeking and provision: The Three Delays-in-Healthcare and mortality among infants and children aged 1-59 months. PLOS Glob Public Health 2024; 4:e0002494. [PMID: 38329969 PMCID: PMC10852234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Delays in illness recognition, healthcare seeking, and in the provision of appropriate clinical care are common in resource-limited settings. Our objective was to determine the frequency of delays in the "Three Delays-in-Healthcare", and factors associated with delays, among deceased infants and children in seven countries with high childhood mortality. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study using data from verbal autopsies and medical records for infants and children aged 1-59 months who died between December 2016 and February 2022 in six sites in sub-Saharan Africa and one in South Asia (Bangladesh) and were enrolled in Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS). Delays in 1) illness recognition in the home/decision to seek care, 2) transportation to healthcare facilities, and 3) the receipt of clinical care in healthcare facilities were categorized according to the "Three Delays-in-Healthcare". Comparisons in factors associated with delays were made using Chi-square testing. Information was available for 1,326 deaths among infants and under 5 children. The majority had at least one identified delay (n = 854, 64%). Waiting >72 hours after illness recognition to seek health care (n = 422, 32%) was the most common delay. Challenges in obtaining transportation occurred infrequently when seeking care (n = 51, 4%). In healthcare facilities, prescribed medications were sometimes unavailable (n = 102, 8%). Deceased children aged 12-59 months experienced more delay than infants aged 1-11 months (68% vs. 61%, P = 0.018). Delays in seeking clinical care were common among deceased infants and children. Additional study to assess the frequency of delays in seeking clinical care and its provision among children who survive is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Garcia Gomez
- Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Zachary J. Madewell
- Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Victor Akelo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Shams El Arifeen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emily S. Gurley
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Kazi Munisul Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nega Assefa
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Hararghe Health Research, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Lola Madrid
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Hararghe Health Research, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yenenesh Tilahun
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Hararghe Health Research, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Stian Orlien
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somaliland
- Department of Paediatrics, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Karen L. Kotloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Milagritos D. Tapia
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Ashka Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amilcar Magaço
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - David Torres-Fernandez
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal – Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariel Nhacolo
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal – Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inácio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal – Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério de Saúde, Maputo, Moçambique
| | | | | | - Ronita Luke
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | | | - Shabir Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ziyaad Dangor
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sana Mahtab
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amy Wise
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rahima Mossa Mother and Child Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yasmin Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cynthia G. Whitney
- Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Portia C. Mutevedzi
- Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dianna M. Blau
- Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Breiman
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Chris A. Rees
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Hu J, Feng Y, Su H, Xu Z, Ho HC, Zheng H, Zhang W, Tao J, Wu K, Hossain MZ, Zhang Y, Hu K, Huang C, Cheng J. Seasonal peak and the role of local weather in schizophrenia occurrence: A global analysis of epidemiological evidence. Sci Total Environ 2023; 899:165658. [PMID: 37478950 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have shown that the onset of schizophrenia peaked in certain months within a year and the local weather conditions could affect the morbidity risk of schizophrenia. This study aimed to conduct a systematic analysis of schizophrenia seasonality in different countries of the world and to explore the effects of weather factors globally. METHODS We searched three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) for eligible studies published up to September 2022. Schizophrenia seasonality was compared between hemispheres and within China. A meta-analysis was conducted to pool excess risk (ER, absolute percentage increase in risk) of the onset of schizophrenia associated with various weather factors including temperature (an increase or decrease of temperature as a reflection of high or low temperature; heatwave; temperature variation), precipitation, etc. RESULTS: We identified 84 relevant articles from 22 countries, mainly in China. The seasonality analysis found that the onset of schizophrenia mostly peaked in the cold season in the southern hemisphere but in the warm season in the northern hemisphere. Interestingly in China, schizophrenia seasonality presented two peaks, respectively in the late cold and warm seasons. The meta-analysis further revealed an increased risk of schizophrenia after short-term exposure to high temperature [ER%: 0.45 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.14 % to 0.76 %)], low temperature [ER%: 0.52 % (95%CI: 0.29 % to 0.75 %)], heatwave [ER%: 7.26 % (95%CI: 4.45 % to 10.14 %)], temperature variation [ER%: 1.02 % (95%CI: 0.55 % to 1.50 %)], extreme precipitation [ER%: 3.96 % (95%CI: 2.29 % to 5.67 %)]. The effect of other weather factors such as sunlight on schizophrenia was scarcely investigated with inconsistent findings. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence of intra- and inter-country variations in schizophrenia seasonality, especially the double-peak seasons in China. Exposure to local weather conditions mainly temperature changes and precipitation could affect the onset risk of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Yufan Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Public and International Affairs, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Keyu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kejia Hu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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4
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Tao J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Yang M, Huang C, Hossain MZ, Xu Y, Wei X, Su H, Cheng J, Zhang W. Daytime and nighttime high temperatures differentially increased the risk of cardiovascular disease: A nationwide hospital-based study in China. Environ Res 2023; 236:116740. [PMID: 37495061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to ambient high temperature (heat) could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, available evidence on the burden of daytime and nighttime heat on CVD is limited and vulnerable populations remain unknown so far. We aimed to examine and differentiate the impact of daytime and nighttime heat on CVD in China. Data on daily outpatient visits for CVD were collected from 15 Chinese cities spanning multiple geographical regions, climates, and socio-economic conditions. The population-weighted temperature was used to calculate excess heat exposure in warm seasons (June-September) from 2011 to 2015. Hot day excess (HDE) and hot night excess (HNE), the sum of temperature above the heat threshold during daytime and nighttime respectively, were used to represent daytime and nighttime excess heat. A distributed lag non-linear model was employed to estimate the city-level association between HDE/HNE and daily CVD cases. The city-level association was then pooled by multivariate meta-analysis. We further estimated the disease burden of CVD attributable to HDE and HNE by geographical regions, gender, and age. A total of 729,409 cases of CVD were included in this study. Both HDE and HNE were associated with an increased risk of CVD, with greater effects from nighttime heat (relative risk (RR): 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-1.61) than daytime heat (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05-1.15). The proportion of CVD cases attributable to HNE was 15.7%, which was almost three times as high as HDE (4.6%, p for difference <0.05). Males, people living in northern cities, and those aged less than 45 years were more vulnerable to HNE. Our findings for the first time revealed an intra-day difference in the heat effect on CVD, with a greater impact from nighttime heat exposure, which should be considered to protect vulnerable populations on hot days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yuanyong Xu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyu Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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5
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Tao J, Yan J, Su H, Huang C, Tong S, Ho HC, Xia Q, Zhu C, Zheng H, Hossain MZ, Cheng J. Impacts of PM 2.5 before and after COVID-19 outbreak on emergency mental disorders: A population-based quasi-experimental and case-crossover study. Environ Pollut 2023; 334:122175. [PMID: 37437758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a great challenge to mental health, but fine particulate matter (PM2.5), an increasingly reported risk factor for mental disorders, has been greatly alleviated during the pandemic in many countries. It remains unknown whether COVID-19 outbreak can affect the association between PM2.5 exposure and the risk of mental disorders. This study aimed to investigate the associations of total and cause-specific mental disorders with PM2.5 exposure before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Data on daily emergency department visits (EDVs) and hospitalizations of mental disorders from 2016 to 2021 were obtained from Anhui Mental Health Center for Hefei city. An interrupted time series analysis was used to quantify the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on EDVs and hospitalizations of mental disorders. A time-stratified case-crossover analysis was employed to evaluate the association of mental disorders with PM2.5 exposure before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, especially in the three months following the COVID-19 outbreak. After COVID-19 outbreak, there was an immediate and significant decrease in total mental disorders, including a reduction of 15% (95% CI: 3%-26%) in EDVs and 44% (95% CI: 36%-51%) in hospitalizations. PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased risk of EDVs and hospitalizations for total and cause-specific mental disorders (schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders; neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders) before COVID-19 outbreak, but this PM2.5-related risk elevation significantly decreased after COVID-19 outbreak, with greater risk reduction at the first month after the outbreak. However, young people (0-45 years) were still vulnerable to PM2.5 exposure after the COVID-19 outbreak. This study first reveals that the risk of PM2.5-related emergency mental disorders decreased after the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The low concentration of PM2.5 might benefit mental health and greater efforts are required to mitigate air pollution in the post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Junwei Yan
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China; Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China; Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Centre of Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Public and International Affairs, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingrong Xia
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China; Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China; Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Cuizhen Zhu
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China; Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, China; Anhui Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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Li Z, Fan Y, Su H, Xu Z, Ho HC, Zheng H, Tao J, Zhang Y, Hu K, Hossain MZ, Zhao Q, Huang C, Cheng J. The 2022 Summer record-breaking heatwave and health information-seeking behaviours: an infodemiology study in Mainland China. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e013231. [PMID: 37730248 PMCID: PMC10510944 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heatwave is a major global health concern. Many countries including China suffered a record-breaking heatwave during the summer of 2022, which may have a significant effect on population health or health information-seeking behaviours but is yet to be examined. METHODS We derived health information-seeking data from the Baidu search engine (similar to Google search engine). The data included city-specific daily search queries (also referred to Baidu Search Index) for heat-sensitive diseases from 2021 to 2022, including heatstroke, hospital visits, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, respiratory diseases, mental health and urological diseases. For each city, the record-breaking heatwave days in 2022 were matched to days in the same calendar month in 2021. RESULTS The 2022 record-breaking heatwave hit most cities (83.64%) in Mainland China. The average heatwave duration was 13 days and the maximum temperature was 3.60°C higher than that in 2021 (p<0.05). We observed increased population behaviours of seeking information on respiratory diseases (RR=1.014, 95% CI: 1.008 to 1.020), urological diseases (RR=1.011, 95% CI: 1.006 to 1.016) and heatstroke (RR=1.026, 95% CI: 1.016 to 1.036) associated with the heatwave intensity in 2022 (per 1°C increase). The heatwave duration in 2022 (per 1 day increase) was also associated with an increase in seeking information on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (RR=1.003, 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.004), urological diseases (RR=1.005, 95% CI: 1.002 to 1.008), mental health (RR=1.009, 95% CI: 1.006 to 1.012) and heatstroke (RR=1.038, 95% CI: 1.032 to 1.043). However, there were substantial geographical variations in the effect of the 2022 heatwave intensity and duration on health information-seeking behaviours. CONCLUSION This infodemiology study suggests that the 2022 summer unprecedented heatwave in Mainland China has significantly increased population demand for health-related information, especially for heatstroke, urological diseases and mental health. Population-based research of real-time disease data is urgently needed to estimate the negative health impact of the exceptional heatwave in Mainland China and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yinguang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Public and International Affairs, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Junwen Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kejia Hu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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7
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Rees CA, Igunza KA, Madewell ZJ, Akelo V, Onyango D, El Arifeen S, Gurley ES, Hossain MZ, Rahman A, Alam M, Scott JAG, Assefa N, Madrid L, Belachew A, Leulseged H, Kotloff KL, Sow SO, Tapia MD, Keita AM, Sidibe D, Sitoe A, Varo R, Ajanovic S, Bassat Q, Mandomando I, Tippett Barr BA, Ogbuanu I, Cain CJ, Bassey IA, Luke R, Gassama K, Madhi S, Dangor Z, Mahtab S, Velaphi S, du Toit J, Mutevedzi PC, Blau DM, Breiman RF, Whitney CG. Provider adherence to clinical care recommendations for infants and children who died in seven low- and middle-income countries in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 63:102198. [PMID: 37692079 PMCID: PMC10484959 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most childhood deaths globally are considered preventable through high-quality clinical care, which includes adherence to clinical care recommendations. Our objective was to describe adherence to World Health Organization recommendations for the management of leading causes of death among children. Methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study examining clinical data for children aged 1-59 months who were hospitalized and died in a Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) catchment, December 2016-June 2021. Catchment areas included: Baliakandi and Faridpur, Bangladesh; Kersa, Haramaya, and Harar, Ethiopia; Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya; Bamako, Mali; Manhiça and Quelimane, Mozambique; Makeni, Sierra Leone; Soweto, South Africa. We reviewed medical records of those who died from lower respiratory tract infections, sepsis, malnutrition, malaria, and diarrheal diseases to determine the proportion who received recommended treatments and compared adherence by hospitalization duration. Findings CHAMPS enrolled 460 hospitalized children who died from the leading causes (median age 12 months, 53.0% male). Median hospital admission was 31 h. There were 51.0% (n = 127/249) of children who died from lower respiratory tract infections received supplemental oxygen. Administration of intravenous fluids for sepsis (15.9%, n = 36/226) and supplemental feeds for malnutrition (14.0%, n = 18/129) were uncommon. There were 51.4% (n = 55/107) of those who died from malaria received antimalarials. Of the 80 children who died from diarrheal diseases, 76.2% received intravenous fluids. Those admitted for ≥24 h more commonly received antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infections and sepsis, supplemental feeds for malnutrition, and intravenous fluids for sepsis than those admitted <24 h. Interpretation Provision of recommended clinical care for leading causes of death among young children was suboptimal. Further studies are needed to understand the reasons for deficits in clinical care recommendation adherence. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A. Rees
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Zachary J. Madewell
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Victor Akelo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Shams El Arifeen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emily S. Gurley
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afruna Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muntasir Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nega Assefa
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lola Madrid
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK
| | - Anteneh Belachew
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Hararghe Health Research, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
| | - Haleluya Leulseged
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- Hararghe Health Research, Haramaya University, Ethiopia
| | - Karen L. Kotloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Samba O. Sow
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins-Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Milagritos D. Tapia
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | | | | | - Antonio Sitoe
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Rosauro Varo
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Ajanovic
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inácio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal - Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério de Saúde, Maputo, Moçambique
| | | | | | | | | | - Ronita Luke
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Shabir Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ziyaad Dangor
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sana Mahtab
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sithembiso Velaphi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jeanie du Toit
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Portia C. Mutevedzi
- Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Dianna M. Blau
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Breiman
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Cynthia G. Whitney
- Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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8
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Mahtab S, Madewell ZJ, Madhi SA, Wise A, Swart PJ, Velaphi S, Mandomando I, Bramugy J, Mabunda R, Xerinda E, Scott AG, Assefa N, Madrid L, Bweihun M, Temesgen F, Onyango D, Akelo V, Oliech R, Otieno P, Verani JR, Arifeen SE, Gurley ES, Alam M, Rahman A, Hossain MZ, Sow S, Kotloff K, Tapia M, Keita AM, Sanogo D, Ogbuanu I, Ojulong J, Lako S, Ita O, Kaluma E, Wilson T, Mutevedzi P, Barr BAT, Whitney CG, Blau DM, Bassat Q. Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths Caused by Group B Streptococcus in Africa and South Asia Identified Through Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS). Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad356. [PMID: 37674633 PMCID: PMC10478157 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a common cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis and is also associated with stillbirth. This study aimed to determine the proportion of stillborn infants and infants who died between 0 and 90 days attributable to GBS using postmortem minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) in 7 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) participating in Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS). Methods Deaths that occurred between December 2016 and December 2021 were investigated with MITS, including culture for bacteria of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), multipathogen polymerase chain reaction on blood, CSF, and lung tissue and histopathology of lung, liver, and brain. Data collection included clinical record review and verbal autopsy. Expert panels reviewed all information and assigned causes of death. Results We evaluated 2966 deaths, including stillborn infants (n = 1322), infants who died during first day of life (0 to <24 hours, n = 597), early neonatal deaths (END) (1 day to <7 days; END; n = 593), and deaths from 7 to 90 days (n = 454). Group B Streptococcus was determined to be in the causal pathway of death for 2.7% of infants (79 of 2, 966; range, 0.3% in Sierra Leone to 7.2% in South Africa), including 2.3% (31 of 1322) of stillbirths, 4.7% (28 of 597) 0 to <24 hours, 1.9% (11 of 593) END, and 2.0% (9 of 454) of deaths from 7 to 90 days of age. Among deaths attributed to GBS with birth weight data available, 61.9% (39 of 63) of decedents weighed <2500 grams at birth. Group B Streptococcus sepsis was the postmortem diagnosis for 100% (31 of 31) of stillbirths. For deaths <90 days, postmortem diagnoses included GBS sepsis (83.3%, 40 of 48), GBS meningitis (4.2%, 2 of 48), and GBS pneumonia (2.1%, 1 of 48). Conclusions Our study reveals significant heterogeneity in the contribution of invasive GBS disease to infant mortality across different countries, emphasizing the need for tailored prevention strategies. Moreover, our findings highlight the substantial impact of GBS on stillbirths, shedding light on a previously underestimated aspect in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mahtab
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines Infectious Diseases and Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zachary J Madewell
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines Infectious Diseases and Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amy Wise
- National Health for Laboratory Service in South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Peter J Swart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rahima Mossa Mother and Child Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sithembiso Velaphi
- Department of Pediatrics, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Inacio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Justina Bramugy
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Rita Mabunda
- ISGlobal—Hospital Clínic, Unversitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisio Xerinda
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Anthony G Scott
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lola Madrid
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Dickens Onyango
- Kisumu County Department of Health, Ministry of Health, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Victor Akelo
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Richard Oliech
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Center for Global Health Research (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Peter Otieno
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Center for Global Health Research (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Jennifer R Verani
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shams El Arifeen
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emily S Gurley
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Muntasir Alam
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afruna Rahman
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Samba Sow
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | - Karen Kotloff
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Milagritos Tapia
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adama Mamby Keita
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | - Doh Sanogo
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | | | | | - Sandra Lako
- Aberdeen Women's Centre in Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | | | - Tais Wilson
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Portia Mutevedzi
- Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beth A Tippett Barr
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Center for Global Health Research (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Cynthia G Whitney
- Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dianna M Blau
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal—Hospital Clínic, Unversitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institutó Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Kadir SM, Alam MK, Raihani MZ, Ali M, Rana M, Ahmed SF, Hossain MZ, Ahmmed S. Everting Sutures for Involutional Entropion: A Non-incision, Simple and Cost-Effective Technique. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:757-763. [PMID: 37391970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Entropion is one of the common eyelid marginal malposition and it causes irritation, and ulceration of the cornea that leads to visual loss of a patient. Patient may present with watering and foreign body sensation of the eye initially. Entropion may occur in the upper or lower eyelid. Involutional entropion is common and affected the lower eyelid. There are various non-surgical and surgical options to correct the entropion. Non-surgical procedures include taping the lower eyelid which relieves the entropion temporarily, botulinum toxin type-A injection into lower eyelid may temporarily relief the discomfort from entropion up to 6 months. This study was carried out to assess the outcome of the everting sutures for the correction of lower eyelid involutional entropion and to describe the cost effective of the procedure. A nonrandomized, non control group quasi experimental study was conducted in a Tertiary Eye Hospital, in Gopalganj, Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2019. A less invasive everting sutures technique was applied for the correction of involutional entropion of eyelid. Follow up was maintained at regular intervals and we assess the outcome of the surgical techniques. We evaluated 33 eyes of 31 patients. The success rate was 87.88%. Recurrences were observed in 5(15.15%) eyelids in the 18 months follow up times. The time of the procedure was only 10 minutes, and the cost of the procedure was cheaper. Everting sutures was minimal invasive, non-incision, cost effective procedure for the correction of involutional entropion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kadir
- Dr Syeed Mehbub Ul Kadir, Assistant Professor, Sheikh Fajilatunnesa Mujib Eye Hospital and Training Institute, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh;
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10
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Madrid L, Vyas KJ, Kancherla V, Leulseged H, Suchdev PS, Bassat Q, Sow SO, El Arifeen S, Madhi SA, Onyango D, Ogbuanu I, Scott JAG, Blau D, Mandomando I, Keita AM, Gurley ES, Mahtab S, Akelo V, Sannoh S, Tilahun Y, Varo R, Onwuchekwa U, Rahman A, Adam Y, Omore R, Lako S, Xerinda E, Islam KM, Wise A, Tippet-Barr BA, Kaluma E, Ajanovic S, Kotloff KL, Hossain MZ, Mutevedzi P, Tapia MD, Rogena E, Moses F, Whitney CG, Assefa N. Neural tube defects as a cause of death among stillbirths, infants, and children younger than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia: an analysis of the CHAMPS network. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e1041-e1052. [PMID: 37271162 PMCID: PMC10282076 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects are common birth defects resulting in severe morbidity and mortality; they can largely be prevented with periconceptional maternal intake of folic acid. Understanding the occurrence of neural tube defects and their contribution to mortality in settings where their burden is highest could inform prevention and health-care policy. We aimed to estimate the mortality attributed to neural tube defects in seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia. METHODS This analysis used data from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network and health and demographic surveillance systems from South Africa, Mozambique, Bangladesh, Kenya, Mali, Ethiopia, and Sierra Leone. All stillbirths and infants and children younger than 5 years who died, who were enrolled in CHAMPS, whose families consented to post-mortem minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2021, and who were assigned a cause of death by a determination of cause of death panel as of May 24, 2022, were included in this analysis, regardless the cause of death. MITS and advanced diagnostic methods were used to describe the frequency and characteristics of neural tube defects among eligible deaths, identify risk factors, and estimate the mortality fraction and mortality rate (per 10 000 births) by CHAMPS site. FINDINGS Causes of death were determined for 3232 stillbirths, infants, and children younger than 5 years, of whom 69 (2%) died with a neural tube defect. Most deaths with a neural tube defect were stillbirths (51 [74%]); 46 (67%) were neural tube defects incompatible with life (ie, anencephaly, craniorachischisis, or iniencephaly) and 22 (32%) were spina bifida. Deaths with a neural tube defect were more common in Ethiopia (adjusted odds ratio 8·09 [95% CI 2·84-23·02]), among female individuals (4·40 [2·44-7·93]), and among those whose mothers had no antenatal care (2·48 [1·12-5·51]). Ethiopia had the highest adjusted mortality fraction of deaths with neural tube defects (7·5% [6·7-8·4]) and the highest adjusted mortality rate attributed to neural tube defects (104·0 per 10 000 births [92·9-116·4]), 4-23 times greater than in any other site. INTERPRETATION CHAMPS identified neural tube defects, a largely preventable condition, as a common cause of death among stillbirths and neonatal deaths, especially in Ethiopia. Implementing interventions such as mandatory folic acid fortification could reduce mortality due to neural tube defects. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Madrid
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Kartavya J Vyas
- Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vijaya Kancherla
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haleluya Leulseged
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Parminder S Suchdev
- Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique; ICREA, Barcelona, Spain; Paediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Samba O Sow
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | - Shams El Arifeen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - J Anthony G Scott
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Dianna Blau
- Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Inacio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique; Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Adama M Keita
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
| | - Emily S Gurley
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sana Mahtab
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Victor Akelo
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | - Yenenesh Tilahun
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Rosauro Varo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Uma Onwuchekwa
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Afruna Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yasmin Adam
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Elisio Xerinda
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Amy Wise
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | - Sara Ajanovic
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Karen L Kotloff
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Portia Mutevedzi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Milagritos D Tapia
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Rogena
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis Moses
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Nega Assefa
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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11
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Cheng J, Zheng H, Wei J, Huang C, Ho HC, Sun S, Phung D, Kim H, Wang X, Bai Z, Hossain MZ, Tong S, Su H, Xu Z. Short-term residential exposure to air pollution and risk of acute myocardial infarction deaths at home in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:76881-76890. [PMID: 37247141 PMCID: PMC10300167 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution remains a major threat to cardiovascular health and most acute myocardial infarction (AMI) deaths occur at home. However, currently established knowledge on the deleterious effect of air pollution on AMI has been limited to routinely monitored air pollutants and overlooked the place of death. In this study, we examined the association between short-term residential exposure to China's routinely monitored and unmonitored air pollutants and the risk of AMI deaths at home. A time-stratified case-crossover analysis was undertaken to associate short-term residential exposure to air pollution with 0.1 million AMI deaths at home in Jiangsu Province (China) during 2016-2019. Individual-level residential exposure to five unmonitored and monitored air pollutants including PM1 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1 μm) and PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), and O3 (ozone) was estimated from satellite remote sensing and machine learning technique. We found that exposure to five air pollutants, even below the recently released stricter air quality standards of the World Health Organization (WHO), was all associated with increased odds of AMI deaths at home. The odds of AMI deaths increased by 20% (95% confidence interval: 8 to 33%), 22% (12 to 33%), 14% (2 to 27%), 13% (3 to 25%), and 7% (3 to 12%) for an interquartile range increase in PM1, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and O3, respectively. A greater magnitude of association between NO2 or O3 and AMI deaths was observed in females and in the warm season. The greatest association between PM1 and AMI deaths was found in individuals aged ≤ 64 years. This study for the first time suggests that residential exposure to routinely monitored and unmonitored air pollutants, even below the newest WHO air quality standards, is still associated with higher odds of AMI deaths at home. Future studies are warranted to understand the biological mechanisms behind the triggering of AMI deaths by air pollution exposure, to develop intervention strategies to reduce AMI deaths triggered by air pollution exposure, and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and sustainability of these intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Public and International Affairs, City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dung Phung
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment and Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiling Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongliang Bai
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shilu Tong
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
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12
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Alam QS, Alam MT, Sutrodhar PK, Islam MS, Hossain MM, Salam SI, Saha MK, Rahman MM, Hossain MZ, Roy MK. Outcomes of Varus Derotation Femoral Osteotomy By Angle Blade Plate in Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease for Patient Above Eight Years of Age in The Lateral Pillar B or B/C Group. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:677-680. [PMID: 37391959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) that starts after 8 years (late onset) usually follow more aggressive course and the long-term outcome is also poor. Treatment method of LCPD that will produce best results is controversial particularly if the patients are with late-onset presentation. This prospective study was conducted from January 2015 to January 2019 at Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Health N Hope Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. We evaluated the radiographic outcomes for patients who had varus derotation femoral osteotomy (VDRO). We followed up 16 patients who had femoral varus osteotomy. All patients were above 8 years of age at clinical onset. The involvement of femoral epiphysis was in either in B or B/C in lateral pillar classification. All patients had MRI done to confirm radiological diagnosis and classification. The mean age was 9.5 years (range, 8 to 12 years). Final outcome was evaluated by using the Stulberg classification which was radiological. Important exclusion criteria were patient with bilateral involvement and requirement of femoral varus >30 degree. We had 81.25% of our patient with satisfactory outcomes. Among them there were Stulberg grade I, 0 cases; Stulberg grade II, 13 cases (81.25%); Stulberg III, 3 cases (18.75%), Stulberg IV and V both 0 case each. The surgical outcomes for varus derotation femoral osteotomy in late onset LCPD patients over 8 years old were showing the good results than other modalities of non surgical and surgical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q S Alam
- Dr Quazi Shahid-ul Alam, Assistant Professor of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Dhaka Medical College (DMC), Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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13
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Yang M, Wu K, Wu Q, Huang C, Xu Z, Ho HC, Tao J, Zheng H, Hossain MZ, Zhang W, Wang N, Su H, Cheng J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of air pollution and angina pectoris attacks: identification of hazardous pollutant, short-term effect, and vulnerable population. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:32246-32254. [PMID: 36735120 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of global epidemiological studies of air pollution and angina pectoris, aiming to explore the deleterious air pollutant(s) and vulnerable sub-populations. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible articles published between database inception and October 2021. Meta-analysis weighted by inverse-variance was utilized to pool effect estimates based on the type of air pollutant, including particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10: particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm and ≤ 10 µm), gaseous pollutants (NO2: nitrogen dioxide; CO: carbon monoxide; SO2: sulfur dioxide, and O3: ozone). Study-specific effect estimates were standardized and calculated with percentage change of angina pectoris for each 10 µg/m3 increase in air pollutant concentration. Twelve studies involving 663,276 angina events from Asia, America, Oceania, and Europe were finally included. Meta-analysis showed that each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 concentration was associated with an increase of 0.66% (95%CI: 0.58%, 0.73%; p < 0.001) and 0.57% (95%CI: 0.20%, 0.94%; p = 0.003) in the risk of angina pectoris on the second day of exposure. Adverse effects were also observed for NO2 (0.67%, 95%CI: 0.33%, 1.02%; p < v0.001) on the second day, CO (0.010%, 95%CI: 0.006%, 0.014%; p < 0.001). The elderly and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) appeared to be at higher risk of angina pectoris. Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO was associated with an increased risk of angina pectoris, which may have implications for cardiologists and patients to prevent negative cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Keyu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Qiyue Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4214, Australia
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junwen Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- Bangladesh (Icddr,B), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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14
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Wu Q, Yang M, Wu K, Su H, Huang C, Xu Z, Ho HC, Zheng H, Zhang W, Tao J, Dang TAT, Hossain MZ, Khan MA, Bogale D, Cheng J. Abnormal ambient temperature change increases the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis of exposure types, risk, and vulnerable populations. Sci Total Environ 2023; 861:160554. [PMID: 36574560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence in support of a short-term association between ambient temperature and cardiac arrest attacks that is a serious manifestation of cardiovascular disease and has a high incidence and low survival rate. However, it remains unrecognized about the hazardous temperature exposure types, exposure risk magnitude, and vulnerable populations. OBJECTIVES We comprehensively summarize prior epidemiological studies looking at the short-term associations of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with various temperature exposures among different populations. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception to October 2021 for eligible English language. Temperature exposure was categorized into three types: heat (included high temperature, extreme heat, and heatwave), cold (included low temperature and extreme cold), and temperature variation (included diurnal temperature range and temperature change between two adjacent days). Meta-analysis weighted by inverse variance was used to pool effect estimates. RESULTS This study included 15 studies from 8 countries, totaling around 1 million OHCA events. Extreme heat and extreme cold were significantly associated with an increased risk of OHCA, and the pooled relative risks (RRs) were 1.071 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.019-1.126] and 1.662 (95%CI: 1.138-2.427), respectively. The risk of OHCA was also elevated by heatwaves (RR = 1.248, 95%CI: 1.091-1.427) and more intensive heatwaves had a greater effect. Notably, the elderly and males seemed to be more vulnerable to the effects of heat and cold. However, we did not observe a significant association between temperature variation and the risk of OHCA (1.005, 95%CI: 0.999-1.012). CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to heat and cold may be novel risk factors for OHCA. Considering available studies in limited regions, the temperature effect on OHCA should be urgently confirmed in different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Keyu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Thi Anh Thu Dang
- Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Vietnam
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Alfazal Khan
- Matlab Health Research Centre, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel Bogale
- College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asela, Ethiopia
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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15
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Tao J, Zheng H, Ho HC, Wang X, Hossain MZ, Bai Z, Wang N, Su H, Xu Z, Cheng J. Urban-rural disparity in heatwave effects on diabetes mortality in eastern China: A case-crossover analysis in 2016-2019. Sci Total Environ 2023; 858:160026. [PMID: 36356755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetics are sensitive to high ambient temperature due to impaired thermoregulation. However, available evidence on the impact of prolonged high temperature (i.e., heatwave) on diabetes deaths is limited and whether urban and rural areas differ in heatwave vulnerability remains unknown so far. A time-stratified case-crossover analysis was employed to estimate the association between heatwaves and diabetes deaths in 1486 districts (509 urban and 977 rural areas) of eastern China (Jiangsu Province), 2016-2019. For each decedent, residential heatwave exposure was measured by matching daily mean temperatures to the geocoded residential address. We adopted nine-tiered heatwave definitions incorporating intensity and duration. Stratified analyses by decedents' characteristics (gender, age, and education) were also conducted. During the study period, there were 18,685 deaths from diabetes (urban proportion: 36.95 %, p-value for urban-rural difference < 0.05). Heatwaves were associated with an increased risk of diabetes deaths, with greater and longer-lasting effects in rural areas than urban areas [e.g., rural odds ratio (OR): 1.19 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 1.25) vs. urban OR: 1.09 (95 % CI: 1.05, 1.12)]. Risk of diabetes deaths increased with the intensity of heatwaves in rural areas (p-value for trend <0.01), but not in urban areas. Stratified analyses in rural areas suggested that females and less-educated people were more vulnerable to heatwave-related diabetes deaths. Our findings revealed the urban-rural disparity in the risk of diabetes deaths associated with heatwaves. Rural diabetics should be made aware of the increased death risk posed by heatwaves in the context of warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiling Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200231, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zhongliang Bai
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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16
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Ahsan SB, Jahan AB, Begum K, Reza MT, Debnath MR, Hoshneara M, Saha K, Hossain MZ, Sangma MA, Banu NS. Role of Transabdominal Ultrasonogram for Evaluation of Placental Maturity in Relation with Fetal Gestational Age. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:992-997. [PMID: 36189543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study our main goal is to evaluate the role of ultrasonography (USG) for determination of placental maturity and fetal gestational age. This cross-sectional study was done at the Department of Radiology and Imaging (USG section) Mymensingh Medical College and Hospital, Mymensingh from July 2008 to June 2010, where 60 patients included in this study, who was attending in the department of Radiology & Imaging for transabdominal ultrasonography with early and late pregnancy related complaints. In this study among the 60 patients, the youngest one was eighteen years and oldest one was thirty-nine years old age. Thirty five percent (35.0%) patients were from 26-30 years age group. About 33 patients out of 60(55.0%) were house wives. Most of the patients were presented with amenorrhea (65.0%) 39 out of 60. Among 60 patients, 20 patients (33.3%) were in gestational age within 12-28 weeks, 20 patients (33.3%) were in gestational age within 29-36 weeks and 20 patients (33.3%) were within >36 weeks gestational age. Among them, 20 patients (33.3%) had grade III placenta, 20 patients (33.3%) had grade II placenta, 12 patients (20%) had grade I placenta and 08 patients (13.3%) had grade 0 placenta. Out of 60 patients, 18 patients (30.0%) were in high risk group and 70.0% were normal. Six (6) patients (10.0%) suffered from HTN, 3 patients had RH negative (5.0%) blood group, 3(5.0%) patients suffered from APH, 3 patients suffer from DM and 3 from IUGR. In this study showed hypertension and IUGR had strong correlation with accelerated placental maturation. Maternal DM and Rh sensitization were associated with delayed maturation of the placenta. This study concludes that, USG appears to be the best imaging modality for the evaluation of placenta and its grading. USG is relatively less expensive and it is good considering the diagnostic accuracy in pregnancy profile. It is noninvasive procedure without any radiation hazards and better visualization of the lesion in different section, but this study is not a complete reflection of overall incidence and statistics regarding the ailment in our country. For this a more extensive study over a longer period covering different section of society is very much needed for better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Ahsan
- Dr Syed Badrul Ahsan, Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology & Imaging, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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17
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Tao J, Hossain MZ, Xu Z, Ho HC, Khan MA, Huang C, Zheng H, Ni J, Fan Y, Bogale D, Su H, Cheng J. Protective effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on the short-term association between low temperatures and childhood pneumonia hospitalizations: Interrupted time-series and case-crossover analyses in Matlab, Bangladesh. Environ Res 2022; 212:113156. [PMID: 35331698 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that ambient extreme temperatures (heat and cold) were associated with an increased risk of childhood pneumonia, but the evidence is very limited in low-middle-income countries. It also remains unknown whether pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) could prevent temperature-related childhood pneumonia. This study collected data on ambient temperature and hospitalizations for childhood pneumonia in Matlab, Bangladesh from 2012 to 2016. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was employed to assess the impact of PCV (10-valent) intervention on childhood pneumonia hospitalizations. A time-stratified case-crossover analysis with a conditional logistic regression was performed to examine the association of childhood pneumonia hospitalizations with extreme temperatures and heatwaves before and after PCV10 intervention. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the modification effects of seasons, age, gender, and socioeconomic levels on temperature-related childhood pneumonia hospitalizations. We found that after PCV10 intervention, there was a sharp decrease in hospitalizations for childhood pneumonia (relative risk (RR): 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43-0.83). During the study period, heat effects on childhood pneumonia appeared immediately on the current day (odds ratio (OR): 1.28; 95% CI: 1.02-1.60, lag 0), while cold effects appeared 4 weeks later (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.06-2.22, lag 28). Importantly, cold effects decreased significantly after PCV10 (p-value<0.05), but heat and heatwave effects increased after PCV10 (p-value<0.05). Particularly, children from families with a middle or low socioeconomic level, boys, and infants were more susceptible to heat-related pneumonia. This study suggests that PCV10 intervention in Bangladesh may help decrease cold-related not heat-related childhood pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Md Alfazal Khan
- Matlab Health Research Centre, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Yinguan Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Daniel Bogale
- College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asela, Ethiopia
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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18
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Alauddin M, Hossain MZ, Rahman MM, Roy MK, Minto MR, Islam MA, Islam MK, Islam MS, Saha MK, Mahmud AA, Siddiquee TH, Seraji SI. Management of Neglected Rupture of Tendoachilles with Long Gap by Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:861-868. [PMID: 35780375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tendo achilles is one of most important tendon in human body which often injured through direct trauma or indirect stress on a weakened tendon. Longer the duration after injury the injured parts likely to move apart, fibrosis and degeneration leading to difficulty in repair or reconstruction. Usually a phase of 4 weeks or more without specific treatment is regarded as chronic or neglected rupture. Different authors described many management protocols about the tendo achilles rupture but there is no procedure of choice for neglected rupture with long gap. Prospective case series of 21 patients of neglected tendo achilles rupture with long gap treated with flexor hallucis longus tendon (FHLT) transfer was taken for study from January 2019 to December 2020 in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Average age of patients was 39.47 years with range 22-65 years. Fifteen (15) cases of traumatic rupture in this study with average age 32.66 years and pathologic 6 cases with average age 56.5 years were recorded. We grafted FHLT from channel by incising Henry's knot. Krackow et al.'s technique was followed for tendon mobilization and bone fixation. We made procedure simpler and cheaper; instead of using interference screw the sutured tendon pulled through the heel and anchored over rubber tube or button by Cole method. Post-operative complications were less with one patient with superficial infection which eventually recovered 3 cases of mild pain and 2 cases of numbness. Questionnaire for surgical outcome measure are satisfactory in 19 patients (90.47%). Final follow up AOFAS score at 6 month (91.61±5.41) was highly significant (p<0.001) in comparison to preoperative score (38.71±9.78). These are comparable to other study. Above mentioned scores indicate the reliability of the surgical system. But our study is a prospective case series with minimum cases. To establish the best procedure for neglected tendo achilles rupture with long gap we recommend further study with larger group and Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) study among different procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alauddin
- Dr Md Alauddin, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Pan R, Zheng H, Ding Z, Xu Z, Ho HC, Hossain MZ, Huang C, Yi W, Song J, Cheng J, Su H. Attributing hypertensive life expectancy loss to ambient heat exposure: A multicenter study in eastern China. Environ Res 2022; 208:112726. [PMID: 35033548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ambient high temperature is a worldwide trigger for hypertension events. However, the effects of heat exposure on hypertension and years of life lost (YLL) due to heat remain largely unknown. We conducted a multicenter study in 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, China, to investigate 9727 individuals who died from hypertension during the summer months (May to September) between 2016 and 2017. Meteorological observation data (temperature and rainfall) and air pollutants (fine particulate matter and ozone) were obtained for each decedent by geocoding the residential addresses. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to quantify the association between heat and different types of hypertension and further explore the modification effect of individual and hospital characteristics. Meanwhile, the YLL associated with heat exposure was estimated. Our results show that summer heat exposure shortens the YLL of hypertensive patients by a total of 14,74 years per month. Of these, 77.9% of YLL was mainly due to hypertensive heart disease. YLL due to heat was pronounced for essential hypertension (5.1 years (95% empirical confidence intervals (eCI): 4.1-5.8)), hypertensive heart and renal disease with heart failure (4.4 years (95% eCI: 0.9-5.9)), and hypertensive heart and renal disease (unspecified, 3.5 years (95% eCI: 1.8-4.5)). Moderate heat was associated with a larger YLL than extreme heat. The distance between hospitals and patients and the number of local first-class hospitals can significantly mitigate the adverse effect of heat exposure on longevity. Besides, unmarried people and those under 65 years of age were potentially susceptible groups, with average reduced YLL of 3.5 and 3.9 years, respectively. Our study reveals that heat exposure increases the mortality risk from many types of hypertension and YLL. In the context of climate change, if effective measures are not taken, hot weather may bring a greater burden of disease to hypertension due to premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China.
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, China.
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20
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Saha M, Hossain MZ, Gope S, Ahmed MU, Azad KI, Chowdhury ZR, Biswas P. Prevalence of Sonologically Detected Non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease Among School Children of Sylhet City. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:412-415. [PMID: 35383759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This cross sectional descriptive type of observational study was designed to see the prevalence of NAFLD among school children of Sylhet, Bangladesh from December 2019 to January 2020. School children of three private schools of Sylhet City were randomly selected. Socio-demographic data and anthropometric measurement of them were recorded. Then they underwent screening sonologically for NAFLD. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. P value <0.05 was taken as significant. Total 174 students, boys 99(56.9%) and girls 75(43.1%) were included. Age of them varied from nine years to 17 years (mean 13.408). In this series 82(47.1%), 52(29.9%) and 40(23.0%) were of normal weight, overweight and obese children respectively. In this study 29(16.7%) children had NAFLD and seven (4.0%) had biliary sludge in gall bladder. NAFLD was significantly higher among children with higher BMI (p=0.00). Female sex, children consuming fast food and playing video games were about two times more prone to develop NAFLD. Biliary sludge was found significantly higher among children consuming fast food (p=0.02). NAFLD among school going children is not uncommon. Higher BMI is a significant risk factor of developing NAFLD. Girls and children consuming fast food and playing video games also are more prone to develop NAFLD. Prevalence of sludge in gall bladder is low among school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saha
- Professor Dr Madhusudan Saha, Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, North East Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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21
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Roy MK, Hossain MZ, Alam MT, Nandi B, Haque MN, Begum T, Islam MS. Prospective Study of Deterioration of Quality-of-Life among Elderly Women with Untreated Fracture of Neck of Femur in Rural Areas of Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:61-65. [PMID: 34999681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elderly women are very much prone to develop fracture at neck of femur sustained by even minute trauma. Most of the cases are due to fall. Osteoporosis gives rise to this vulnerable condition. In developing countries like Bangladesh the women of rural areas are the prime victims mostly due to illiteracy. To assess the quality-of-life (QOL) of elderly women (>60 years) with untreated hip fractures in a rural areas in Mymensingh, Bangladesh is the objective of this study. This prospective study was done from January 2019 to December 2019 in Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department of Mymensingh Medical Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Twenty-five elderly women with untreated fracture neck of femur were enlisted in this study. EuroQol (EQ-5D) was applied to assess the Quality of life of subjects before and after the situation. Twenty-five elderly women of healed operated neck of femur were included as comparison group, matched for age, economic condition and educational status among neighborhood people. So, sample size was fifty. Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney U test were applied to compare EQ-5D mean scores. Participants with hip fracture, 60% (15/25), 68% (17/25), 68% (17/25), 60% (15/25) and 92% (23/25) reported severe problems with mobility, pain, usual activity, self-care and anxiety respectively. The EQ-5D mean score among the elderly with fracture neck of femur was 0.198 (SD 0.14). It was low when compared with the same subjects before the occurrence of the event (Z-6.522, p<0.001) and as compared with the comparison group (Z-7.92 p<0.001). QOL scores assessed using EQ-5D index scores was poor among elderly women with untreated fracture neck of femur as compared with the healed operated comparison group. Vast majority of study participants in this study were reported severe problems like mobility, pain, usual activity and self-care and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Roy
- Dr Malay Kumar Roy, Assistant Professor (Ortho-Surgery), Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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22
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Zheng H, Yi W, Ding Z, Xu Z, Ho HC, Cheng J, Hossain MZ, Song J, Fan Y, Ni J, Wang Q, Xu Y, Wei J, Su H. Evaluation of life expectancy loss associated with submicron and fine particulate matter (PM 1 and PM 2.5) air pollution in Nanjing, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:68134-68143. [PMID: 34268691 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matters with an aerodynamic diameter ≤1 μm (PM1) significantly increased mortality risk, and the effect of PM1 was even greater than that of PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm). But the quantitative impact of PM1 on life expectancy was unknown. We aim to examine the extent to which that people's life expectancy was shortened by PM1 and PM2.5. We obtained daily data on deaths, PM1 and PM2.5 records, and weather variables during 2016-2017 in Nanjing, China. Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated by matching each decedent's age and sex to the Chinese life table. The fitted nonlinear dose-response associations of YLLs with PM1 and PM2.5 were estimated by utilizing a generalized additive model with a Gaussian link that controlled for confounding factors including meteorological variables, day of week, and long-term trend and seasonality. The effect estimates were presented as the YLLs when PM1 and PM2.5 concentrations fell in different ranges. Life expectancy losses attributable to PM1 and PM2.5 were calculated. Stratified analyses were also performed by age, sex, and death causes. Significant PM-YLL associations were observed, with greater increases in YLLs associated with PM1 (68.9 thousand). PM1 was estimated to reduce life expectancy, which was greater than PM2.5 (PM1: 1.67 years; PM2.5: 1.55 years). For PM1, greater years of loss in PM-related life expectancy were found in the female group, ≥65 years group, and cardiovascular disease group. Exposure to PM1 had a greater impact on life expectancy loss than did PM2.5. Constant efforts are urgently needed to control PM1 air pollution to improve people's longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Weizhuo Yi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yinguang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Iowa Technology Institute, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.
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23
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Jahan AB, Sarwar JM, Ahsan SB, Hossain MZ, Debnath MR, Begum K, Sangma MA. The HRCT Evaluation of 105 Suspected COVID 19 Patients of MMCH and RT-PCR Correlation. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:960-966. [PMID: 34605463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study our main goal is to evaluate the HRCT evaluation of 105 suspected COVID 19 patients of MMCH and RT-PCR correlation. This experimental and observational study was done at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh from May 2020 to October 2020. Where 105 suspected COVID 19 patients of MMCH and RT-PCR correlation were included in the study. During the study, 43.05% of the patients exposed indirectly to the virus, followed by 44.1% didn't exposed any virus, 21% exposed directly. Diabetes mellitus was 35.7%, HTN - 46.2%, 82.95% had fever, 72.45% had cough, 78.75% had respiratory distress and 49.35% had no diseases. After CT scan diagnosis, positive to infection were found in 98 patients, among them 34 patients had mild type, 22 had severe type of infection where as in RT-PCR diagnosis 69 were positive and 36 were negative to infection. From our study we can conclude that, the most common pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia on HRCT images are pure GGO and GGO and Crazy Paving. Also GGO with consolidation with prominent distribution in the posterior and peripheral part of the lung. Further study is very much needed for better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Jahan
- Dr Afroza Bilkis Jahan, Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology & Imaging, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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24
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Cheng J, Ho HC, Su H, Huang C, Pan R, Hossain MZ, Zheng H, Xu Z. Low ambient temperature shortened life expectancy in Hong Kong: A time-series analysis of 1.4 million years of life lost from cardiorespiratory diseases. Environ Res 2021; 201:111652. [PMID: 34246637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperature is an important contributor to mortality burden worldwide, most of which is from cold exposure. However, little is known about the cold impact on life expectancy loss. This paper aimed to estimate cold-related life expectancy loss from cause-, age-, and gender-specific cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Daily deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and weather records were acquired for Hong Kong, China during 2000-2016. Years of life lost (YLL) that considers life expectancy at the time of death was calculated by matching each death by age and sex to annual life tables. Using a generalized additive model that fits temperature-YLL association, we estimated loss of years in life expectancy from cold. Cold was estimated to cause life expectancy loss of 0.9 years in total cardiovascular disease, with more years of loss in males than in females and in people aged 65 years and older than in people aged up to 64 years. Cold-related life expectancy loss in total respiratory diseases was 1.2 years, with more years of loss in females than in males and comparable years of loss in people aged up to 64 years and in people aged 65 years and older. Among cause-specific diseases, we observed the greatest life expectancy loss in pneumonia (1.5 years), followed by ischaemic heart disease (1.2 years), COPD (1.1 years), and stroke (0.3 years). Between two periods of 2000-2007 and 2008-2016, cold-related life expectancy loss due to cardiovascular disease did not decrease and cold-related life expectancy loss due to respiratory disease even increased by five times. Our findings suggest an urgent need to develop prevention measures against adverse cold effects on cardiorespiratory disease in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, 230022, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, 81 Meishan Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Su
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, 230022, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, 81 Meishan Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rubing Pan
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, 230022, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, 81 Meishan Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia.
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Alam M, Jahan MI, Jahan S, Blau DM, Rahman A, Rahman MZ, Hossain MZ, Gurley ES, Arifeen SE, Rahman M. Coding-Complete Sequence of a SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.25 Lineage Obtained from an 8-Day-Old Deceased Neonate. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0075621. [PMID: 34472974 PMCID: PMC8411918 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00756-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain, hCoV-19/Bangladesh/icddrb-CHAMPS-BDAA02205/2021, obtained from a nasopharyngeal swab from a deceased neonate from Faridpur, Bangladesh. The strain belongs to lineage B.1.1.25 but contains some notable mutations similar to the B.1.1.7 lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntasir Alam
- Virology Laboratory, icddr,b: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. Ishrat Jahan
- Virology Laboratory, icddr,b: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shafina Jahan
- Virology Laboratory, icddr,b: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dianna M. Blau
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Afruna Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, icddr,b: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, icddr,b: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- Virology Laboratory, icddr,b: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emily S. Gurley
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shams El Arifeen
- Virology Laboratory, icddr,b: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- Virology Laboratory, icddr,b: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Hossain MZ, Tong S, Bambrick H, Khan MA, Hu W. Weather Variability, Socioeconomic Factors, and Pneumonia in Children Under Five-Years Old - Bangladesh, 2012-2016. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:620-623. [PMID: 34594948 PMCID: PMC8393053 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
What is already known on this topic? Different socioecological factors were associated with childhood pneumonia in Bangladesh. However, previous studies did not assess spatial patterns, and socioecological factors and spatial variation have the potential to improve the accuracy and predictive ability of existing models. What is added by this report? The spatial random effects were present at the district level and were heterogeneous. Average temperature, temperature variation, and population density may influence the spatial pattern of childhood pneumonia in Bangladesh. What are the implications for public health practice? The study results will help policymakers and health managers to identify the vulnerable districts, plan further investigations, help to improve proper resource allocation, and improve health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Md Alfazal Khan
- Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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27
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Haque AN, Uzzaman KS, Hasan MM, Hasan KR, Hasan MR, Hussain M, Saha MK, Islam MS, Rahman MM, Roy MK, Kamruzzaman M, Minto MR, Alam MT, Hossain MZ, Islam MN, Islam MS. Outcome of Danis-Weber Type-B ankle fracture treated by Pre-contoured Distal Fibular Locking Plate. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:644-650. [PMID: 34226450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Danis-Weber type-B ankle fracture is one of the most common injuries in young and active individual. This fracture offers a considerable challenge to orthopedic surgeon. Though there are several options for treating such type of fracture, ORIF by Pre-contoured Distal Fibular Locking Plate is the preferred option in the recent years. This descriptive type of observational study was performed from July 2017 to June 2019 in NITOR. Thirty (30) patients, 22 male and 8 female with an average age of 39 years with Danis-Weber type-B ankle fracture underwent ORIF by Pre-contoured Distal Fibular Locking Plate for fractured fibula and ORIF by 4.0mm cannulated cancellous screw for fractured medial malleolus. All the patients were initially managed by analgesic and short leg posterior slab. Average follow up was 24 weeks. Final outcome was assessed by AOFAS score. The main cause of injury was RTA (56.67%). Mean operation time was 1.2 hours. Mean duration of Hospital stay was 16.43±1.73 days. Superficial infection was in 3.33% and skin necrosis in 3.33% patient. Mean duration of radiological healing was 12.73±0.39 weeks. At final follow up, mean dorsi flexion was 10.93°±0.357° and plantar flexion was 50.93°±0.357°. Ninety percent (90%) patient had no difficulties in walking on any surface; 96.67% patient had stable ankle hind foot; 86.67% patient had good. Ten percent (10%) had fair and 3.33% patient had poor alignment of foot. The mean score in this study was 88.67±2.31. Satisfactory outcome was observed in 86.67% patients and 13.33% had unsatisfactory results. On the basis of results in the present study, it can be concluded that treatment of Danis-Weber type-B ankle fracture by Pre-contoured Distal Fibular Locking Plate is an effective and reliable method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Haque
- Dr AKM Nazmul Haque, Junior Consultant (Orthopedics), Department of Orthopedics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Hossain MZ, Roy MK, Mamun MA, Islam SI, Begum T, Minto MR, Islam MK, Alauddin M, Alam MT, Rahman MM. Clinical Outcome on Comminuted Femoral Shaft Fractures in Adults Treated by Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) with Locking Plate. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:657-665. [PMID: 34226452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intramedullary nailing is a pillar in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures. But it is not possible in all cases especially in comminuted fractures. This study has been designed to explain the importance of Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) with the locking plate in the treatment of comminuted Femoral Shaft Fracture. Twenty (20) such patients were treated by MIPO and analysis has been done in this study to get fruitful result and to find out the effectiveness of this procedure who were admitted at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh from February 2018 to January 2019. Mean age of the patients were 49.20±14.41 years. Based on AO classification, there were 4, 8 and 8 patients belong to type A, B and C respectively. The union period for all the patients was in between 12 to 14 weeks. The mean union period was 12.90±1.997 weeks. Mean follow up period was 19.70±2.77 weeks. Mean full weight bearing period was 16.50±1.10 weeks. In Thoresen scoring system excellent result was 9(45%), good result was 10(20%) and fair result was 01(5%). Mal-alignment happened in two cases. However, delayed union and broken screws were found in two cases each of which was treated accordingly. Comminuted Femoral shaft fracture with MIPO procedure is more effective treatment than intramedullary nailing. Furthermore, mal-alignment is the basic complexity that must be taken away intraoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Hossain
- Dr Md Zakir Hossain, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Wang X, Xu Z, Su H, Ho HC, Song Y, Zheng H, Hossain MZ, Khan MA, Bogale D, Zhang H, Wei J, Cheng J. Ambient particulate matter (PM 1, PM 2.5, PM 10) and childhood pneumonia: The smaller particle, the greater short-term impact? Sci Total Environ 2021; 772:145509. [PMID: 33571778 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smaller sizes of ambient particulate matter (PM) can be more toxic and can be breathed into lower lobes of a lung. Children are particularly vulnerable to PM air pollution because of their adverse effects on both lung functions and lung development. However, it remains unknown whether a smaller PM has a greater short-term impact on childhood pneumonia. AIMS We compared the short-term effects on childhood pneumonia from PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤1 μm (PM1), ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and ≤10 μm (PM10), respectively. METHODS Daily time-series data (2016-2018) on pneumonia hospitalizations in children aged 0-17 years, records of air pollution (PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and gaseous pollutants), and weather conditions were obtained for Hefei, China. Effects of different PM were quantified using a quasi-Poisson generalized additive model after controlling for day of the week, holiday, seasonality and long-term time trend, and weather variables. Stratified analyses (gender, age, and season) were also performed. RESULTS For each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations over the past three days (lag 0-2), the risk of pneumonia hospitalizations increased by 10.28% (95%CI: 5.88%-14.87%), 1.21% (95%CI: 0.34%-2.09%), and 1.10% (95%CI: 0.44%-1.76%), respectively. Additionally, both boys and girls were at risk of PM1 effects, while PM2.5 and PM10 effects were only seen in boys. Children aged ≤12 months and 1-4 years were affected by PM1, but PM2.5 and PM10 were only associated with children aged 1-4 years. Furthermore, PM1 effects were greater in autumn and winter, while greater PM2.5 and PM10 effects were evident only in autumn. CONCLUSION This study suggests a greater short-term impact on childhood pneumonia from PM1 in comparison to PM2.5 and PM10. Given the serious PM pollution in China and other rapid developing countries due to various combustions and emissions, more investigations are needed to determine the impact of different PM on childhood respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hong Su
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimeng Song
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; Smart Cities Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Daniel Bogale
- College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asela, Ethiopia
| | - Heng Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), affiliated with the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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Alam MT, Alam QS, Alam MK, Islam MA, Saha MK, Rahman MM, Hossain MZ, Roy MK, Islam MK, Hossain M, Haque AN, Minto MR. Core Decompression with Non Vascularized Fibular Graft as Modern Surgical Treatment of Early Hip Avascular Necrosis. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:323-328. [PMID: 33830109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular death of bone due to impairment of the blood supply leading to collapse resulting in pain, and loss of joint function is known as avascular necrosis (AVN). The head of femur is the most common bone affected by avascular necrosis followed by talus and scaphoid. We evaluate the results of core decompression with non-vascularized fibular graft in avascular necrosis of femoral head. This quasi experimental study was done at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Dhaka Medical College Hospital and some other private hospitals of Bangladesh. The study includes patients who underwent core decompression and non-vascularized fibular grafting in avascular necrosis of femoral head from January 2017 to December 2018. In this study we evaluated total 20 patients and majority of the patients belongs to the group of 20-30 years. Out of 20 patients, 8 of them were unilaterally involved rest 12 had bilateral involvement. Out of 24 hips of bilateral involvement 4 were grade III and IV (Ficat and Arlet classification) therefore not included in the study. So, we study 28 hips only. The average success rate was 90% after core decompression and non-vascularized fibular bone grafting. Harris hip score of 60 on presentation had poorer outcome. Patients with less than 80 degrees of flexion had poorer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Alam
- Dr Mohammad Tariqul Alam, Assistant Professor, Paediatric Orthopaedics, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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31
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Roy MK, Islam MS, Hossain MZ, Alauddin M, Alam MT, Sarkar TK, Banik SM, Nandi B, Ali MA, Begum T. Clinical Outcome in Intra Articular Distal Humerus Fractures in Adults Treated with Different Hardware in a Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2021; 30:73-78. [PMID: 33397854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In adults, distal humerus fractures are infrequent and frequently intra-articular. Customarily encompass both medial and lateral columns. Operative management gives constructive outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcome in intra articular distal humerus fractures in adults treated by different hardware. This prospective study consists of 20 purposively selected patients with intra articular distal humerus fractures treated by surgical intervention with different hardware who were admitted to Mymensingh Medical College and Hospital, Bangladesh in between November 2016 to October 2018. Surgical approaches were standard dorsal with or without olecranon osteotomy. The mean age of the patients was 32.3 years, range between 18-55 years. The maximum patients i.e. 85% were between 18-45 years. Seventy percent (70%) of the cases admitted were due to Road traffic accident (RTA). Most of the patients were males 14(70%) with right upper limb was involved in 13(65%) cases. Mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 81.5 post-operatively. According to Mayo Elbow Performance (MEP) score clinical outcome was excellent in 20%, good in 50%, fair in 25% and poor in 10% of patients. Distal humerus fractures are censorious in nature. Proper anatomical articular reconstruction and stable fixation by surgical intervention helps in fruitful results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Roy
- Dr Malay Kumar Roy, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Rahman MM, Kabir SJ, Islam NA, Saha MK, Islam MS, Islam MA, Rahman MM, Hossain MZ, Rahman AM, Sayed A, Islam MN, Kabir KM, Hossain A. Outcome of Closed Reduction and Internal Fixation by Titanium Elastic Nailing for Fracture Shaft of Femur in Children. Mymensingh Med J 2020; 29:823-828. [PMID: 33116083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Femoral fractures are frequent in the pediatric population. Treatment options are based on the patient's age, fracture pattern, type of trauma and associated soft tissue injury. The traditional treatment method for pediatric femoral shaft fracture has been traction and spica casting. The immediate spica cast is safe and effective for children up to 6 years of age with isolated femoral fracture and acceptable reduction. Patients between 6 and 10 years of age can also be treated with spica casting with or without traction. This prospective study was done in the department of Orthopaedics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh form from July 2015 to June 2019 to evaluate the outcome of closed reduction and internal fixation by titanium elastic nailing for fracture shaft of femur. Twenty patients, all presenting with fresh diaphyseal fractures of femur, treated with closed reduction and internal fixation by titanium elastic nailing. These patients were prospectively evaluated over a period of at least 18 months. Fractures were classified according to Association of Orthopaedics (AO) classification of shaft of femur fractures. According to AO classification, all were A1, A2, A3 fractures. Average age of the patients was 11±2.7 years; range was 6 to 16 years. There were 15 males and 5 females. Out of 20 cases treated with this method, stable fixation and union was achieved in all of them. Radiological union was achieved at an average of 10±2.3 weeks (8-15 weeks). The results were excellent in twelve patients (60%), successful in five (25%) and poor in three patients (15%) as per the scoring criteria for TEN. The effective treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the femur is intramedullary fixation by titanium elastic nailing in patients of the 6-16 years age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Rahman
- Dr Md Matiur Rahman, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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33
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Kabir SJ, Rahman MM, Islam NA, Saha MK, Islam MS, Islam MA, Rahman MM, Hossain MZ, Sayed A, Islam MN, Kabir KM, Hossain A. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction using Bone Patellar Tendon Bone Autograft in ACL Deficient Knee. Mymensingh Med J 2020; 29:815-822. [PMID: 33116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
More than 120,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur every year in the United States, mostly during the high school and college years. The incidence of these injuries is slowly increasing, especially in females. This is likely caused by their increasing participation in high school and other organized sports. In addition, several studies have shown that female athletes are at an increased risk of ACL injury in sex comparable sports. The goal of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using Bone-Patellar tendon- Bone autograft. 25 patients with chronic ACL deficient knee presenting to Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh from January 2018 to December 2019 were included in the study. The patients with severe osteoarthritis (OA) knee, local active infection and systemic disease, intraarticular fracture of knee that might influence the study results were excluded from the study. Bone patellar tendon bone graft was harvested from ipsilateral knee. The patient was followed till 6 months with specified program of rehabilitation. Results were evaluated by an independent examiner using radiography, subjective and objective evaluation. Assessment using Lysholm's score was 50 (42-63) preoperatively and 90.8 (63-97) at the latest follow up (p<0.005). No patient complained of instability at latest follow up. The quadriceps muscle showed atrophy at final follow-up. Five Patients complained of anterior knee pain. We found no graft displacement on follow up radiographs. Osteo-integration occurred in all cases. ACLR with a BPTB graft can stabilize the knee without loss of motion by closely mimicking the native ACL without any hazards and additional complications. It is useful in high demand patients and cost effective option with high patient satisfaction rate for reconstruction of ACL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kabir
- Dr Shah Jawaher Jahan Kabir, Associate Professor & Head, Department of Orthopaedics, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Hossain MZ, Tong S, AlFazal Khan M, Hu W. Impact of climate variability on length of stay in hospital for childhood pneumonia in rural Bangladesh. Public Health 2020; 183:69-75. [PMID: 32438214 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pneumonia is a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity in children aged <5 years, and it is also one of the leading causes of hospitalisation for children in this age group. This study assessed the association between climate variability, patient characteristics (i.e. age, sex, weight, parental education, socio-economic status) and length of stay (LOS) in hospital for childhood pneumonia and its economic impact on rural Bangladesh. STUDY DESIGN An ecological study design was used. METHODS Data on daily hospitalisation for pneumonia in children aged <5 years (including patient characteristics) and daily climate data (temperature and relative humidity) between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2016 were obtained from the Matlab Hospital (the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh) and the Bangladesh Meteorological Department, respectively. A generalised linear model with Poisson link was used to quantify the association between climate factors, patient characteristics and LOS in hospital. RESULTS The study showed that average temperature, temperature variation and humidity variation were positively associated with the LOS in hospital for pneumonia. A 1°C rise in average temperature and temperature variation during hospital stay increased the LOS in hospital by 1% (relative risk [RR]: 1.010, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-1.018) and 9.3% (RR: 1.093, 95% CI: 1.051-1.138), respectively. A 1% increase in humidity variation increased the LOS in hospital for pneumonia by 2.2% (RR: 1.022, 95% CI: 1.004-1.039). In terms of economic impact, for every 1° C temperature variation during the period of hospital stay, there is an addition of 0.81 USD/day/patient as a result of direct costs and 1.8 USD/day/patient for total costs. Annually, this results in an additional 443 USD for direct and 985 USD for total costs. CONCLUSIONS Climate variation appears to significantly contribute to the LOS in hospital for childhood pneumonia. These findings may help policymakers to develop effective disease management and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Hossain
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - S Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - M AlFazal Khan
- Matlab Health Research Centre, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - W Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Hossain MZ, Tong S, Bambrick H, Khan AF, Hore SK, Hu W. Weather factors, PCV intervention and childhood pneumonia in rural Bangladesh. Int J Biometeorol 2020; 64:561-569. [PMID: 31848699 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Available evidence is limited on the association between weather factors and childhood pneumonia, especially in developing countries. This study examined the effects of weather variability on childhood pneumonia after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) intervention in rural Bangladesh. Data on pneumonia cases and weather variables (temperature and relative humidity) between the 1st January 2012 and the 31st December 2016 were collected from Matlab Hospital, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, and Bangladesh Meteorological Department, respectively. Time series cross-correlation functions were applied to identify the time lags of the effect of each weather factor on pneumonia. Generalized linear regression model with Poisson link was used to quantify the association between weather factors and childhood pneumonia after adjustment of PCV intervention. The annual incidence rate of pneumonia reduced from 5691/100,000 to 2000/100,000 after PCV intervention. Generalized linear regression model suggested that temperature had a negative association with childhood pneumonia (relative risk, 0.985; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.974-0.997), and PCV intervention was a protective factor with the relative risk estimate of 0.489 (95% CI, 0.435-0.551). However, no substantial association was found with relative humidity. PCV intervention appeared protective against childhood pneumonia, and temperature might be associated with this disease in children. Our findings may help inform public health policy, including the potential of development of early warning systems based on weather factors and PCV for the control and prevention of pneumonia in lower middle-income country like Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Al Fazal Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Samar Kumar Hore
- Organization for Population Health Environment & Nutrition, Abhaynagar, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Sutradhar P, Kamrul-Hasan AB, Hossain MA, Sarwar-Jahan SM, Rahman MM, Mondol RN, Sarowar-E-Alam M, Dev S, Hossain MZ. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension among Government Employees Serving in Rangpur City, Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2020; 29:142-148. [PMID: 31915350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is an important cause of cardiovascular mortality and the prevalence of hypertension is increasing particularly in middle- and low-income countries including Bangladesh. No data are available for the prevalence of hypertension among the government employees in Bangladesh. In this cross-sectional study, conducted from 30 October to 31 December 2016, 1219 government employees aging ≥18 years working in Rangpur city were evaluated for the presence of HTN and its risk factors. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data, data on the presence of various known risk factors of hypertension were collected. Hypertension was defined with systolic BP ≥140mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90mmHg or those getting treatment for hypertension. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 23.0; odds of hypertension among subjects with risk factors were calculated and p ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The prevalence of hypertension was 38.3% among the study subjects. Significantly higher odds of having hypertension were observed in study subjects with the age groups of 35-49 (OR 2.12, 95% CI: 1.51-2.99, p<0.001) and ≥50 (OR: 4.96, 95% CI: 3.43-7.18, p<0.001) years than age group <35 years. Employees who were averagely satisfied and not satisfied for their jobs also had higher odds (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.00-1.91, p=0.049 and OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 3.43-7.18, p=0.337) of having hypertension than fully satisfied ones. Having diabetes mellitus was found to increase the odds (OR 2.12, 95% CI: 1.51-2.99, p<0.001) of hypertension. Male gender, urban/suburban residence, not doing physical exercise, sedentary/light working habit, overweight/obesity also increased the odds of having hypertension though these were not statistically significant. There is a high burden of hypertension among the government employees in Rangpur city. Age, job satisfaction and diabetes were independent risk factors of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sutradhar
- Dr Probal Sutradhar, Junior Consultant (Medicine), Haragach 31 Bedded Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh
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Amin MN, Hussain MS, Sarwar MS, Rahman Moghal MM, Das A, Hossain MZ, Chowdhury JA, Millat MS, Islam MS. How the association between obesity and inflammation may lead to insulin resistance and cancer. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1213-1224. [PMID: 31336467 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction and over nutrition. Increased body mass index and obesity are strongly amalgamated with changes in the physiological function of adipose tissue, leading to altered secretion of adipocytokines, inflammatory mediators release as well as chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. The purposes of this study were to review the evidence of how obesity and inflammation may lead to insulin resistance and cancer. SUMMARY Recent findings suggested that increased level of inflammatory mediators in obesity, plays an introductory and cabalistic role in the development of different types of inflammatory disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Link between elevated body mass index and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several of the factors-such as increased levels of leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, decreased levels of adiponectin, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation etc. consequently result in carcinogenesis and carcinogenic progression too. CONCLUSION This review summarizes how cytokine production in adipose tissue of obese subject creates a chronic inflammatory environment that favors tumor cell motility and invasion to enhance the metastatic potential of tumor cells. High levels of cytokine in the circulation of affected individuals have been associated with a significantly worse outcome. This article also reconnoiters the mechanisms that link obesity to numerous disorders such as inflammation, diabetes, cancers and most specifically combine these processes in a single image. Understanding these mechanisms may assist to understand the consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Sonapur, Uttara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saddam Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman Moghal
- Department of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, 1902, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Abhijit Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1206, Bangladesh
| | - Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shalahuddin Millat
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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Hossain MZ, Bambrick H, Wraith D, Tong S, Khan AF, Hore SK, Hu W. Sociodemographic, climatic variability and lower respiratory tract infections: a systematic literature review. Int J Biometeorol 2019; 63:209-219. [PMID: 30680618 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-01654-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries, particularly for children and elderly. The main objective of this review paper is to review the epidemiological evidence about the effects of sociodemographic and climatic variability on pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections. A detailed literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus following PRISMA guidelines. The articles, which considered the effect of only climatic or both climatic and sociodemographic factors on pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections, included in this review. A total thirty-four relevant articles were reviewed. Of 34 studies, only 14 articles (41%) examined the joint effects of sociodemographic and climate factors on pneumonia and other lower respiratory infections while most of them (59%) assessed climate factors separately. Among these fourteen, only three articles (8.8%) considered detailed sociodemographic factors. All of the reviewed articles suggested different degrees of positive or negative relationship of temperature with pneumonia or other lower respiratory tract infections. Fifteen (44%) articles suggested an association with relative humidity and 13 (38%) with rainfall. Only 3 articles (8.8%) found a relationship with wind speed. Three articles (8.8%) considered other risk factors such as particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and particulate matter 10 (PM10). One study among the reviewed articles used spatial analysis methods but this study did not examine the joint effects. Among the reviewed articles, 18 (53%) articles used different time series models, one article (3%) used spatiotemporal time series model, 8 (23%) studies used other models and rest 7 (21%) studies used simple descriptive analysis. A total of 18 studies (53%) were conducted in Asia, most of them in China. There were 6 studies (17%) in Europe and 8 studies (23%) in America (South, North and Central). In Africa and Oceania, only one study was found for each region. The joint effect of climate and sociodemographic factors on pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections remain to be determined and further research is highly recommended for future prevention of this important and common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Darren Wraith
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Al Fazal Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Samar Kumar Hore
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Hossain MZ, Hao T, Silverman B. Stillinger-Weber potential for elastic and fracture properties in graphene and carbon nanotubes. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:055901. [PMID: 29271354 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa3cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new framework for determining the Stillinger-Weber (SW) potential parameters for modeling fracture in graphene and carbon nanotubes. In addition to fitting the equilibrium material properties, the approach allows fitting the potential to the forcing behavior as well as the mechanical strength of the solid, without requiring ad hoc modification of the nearest-neighbor interactions for avoiding artificial stiffening of the lattice at larger deformation. Consistent with the first-principles results, the potential shows the Young's modulus of graphene to be isotropic under symmetry-preserving and symmetry-breaking deformation conditions. It also shows the Young's modulus of carbon nanotubes to be diameter-dependent under symmetry-breaking loading conditions. The potential addresses the key deficiency of existing empirical potentials in reproducing experimentally observed glass-like brittle fracture in graphene and carbon nanotubes. In simulating the entire deformation process leading to fracture, the SW-potential costs several factors less computational time compared to the state-of-the-art interatomic potentials that enables exploration of the fracture processes in large atomistic systems which are inaccessible otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Hossain
- Laboratory of Mechanics and Physics of Heterogeneous Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
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Hossain MZ, Rahman MM, Ullah MM, Mukthadira M, Akter FA, Jahan AB, Jahan F. A Comparative Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transabdominal Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Uterine Fibroids. Mymensingh Med J 2017; 26:821-827. [PMID: 29208870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids often cause symptoms of pelvic pain, pressure, and bleeding and a significant cause of morbidity for women of reproductive age. A new, Food and Drug Administration approved noninvasive treatment option is magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound surgery, which has the potential to become a treatment of choice for selected patients. The purpose of the study was to compare and evaluate the usefulness of MRI and transabdominal ultrasonography for the diagnosis of uterine fibroids. A cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Radiology & Imaging of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, during the period of January' 2010 to December 2011. A total number of 40 consecutive patients having suspected uterine fibroids underwent MRI and transabdominal ultrasonography and they were followed up from the admission upto the tissue diagnosis of uterine fibroids for histopathological correlation were included in this study. The test of validity of MRI and transabdominal ultrasonography in diagnosis of uterine fibroids was calculated. In the diagnosis of uterine fibroids, USG was 88.2% sensitive, 66.7% specific, 85.0% accurate, 93.8% positive predictive values and 50% negative predictive values. However MRI was 97.1% sensitive, 83.3% specific, 95.0% accurate, 97.1% positive predictive values and 83.3% negative predictive values for prediction of uterine fibroids. The study shows that the MRI is more efficient diagnostic modality than transabdominal ultrasonography in detecting uterine fibroid presence and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Hossain
- Dr Md Zakir Hossain, Assistant Professor (CC), Department of Radiology & Imaging, Jamalpur Medical College & Hospital, Jamalpur, Bangladesh
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Akter FA, Nahar K, Rahman MM, Ferdousi RA, Ahmed MU, Begum F, Biswas D, Alom M, Hossain MZ, Razi RZ. Response & Side Effects of Injectable Labetalol in Pregnancy Induced Severe Hypertension. Mymensingh Med J 2017; 26:608-613. [PMID: 28919617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study was performed to assess the response & side effects of injectable Labetalol in the treatment of pregnancy induced severe hypertension. This interventional study was carried out on 72 patients having pregnancy induced severe hypertension attended in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Mymensingh Medical College & Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh from November 2009 to October 2010. All patients were treated with intravenous Labetalol 20mg & the dose was repeated at sequential escalating dosages every 15 minutes until a therapeutic goal of systolic blood pressure <160mm of Hg & diastolic blood pressure <105mm of Hg were achieved. Among 72 respondents highest number were observed having systolic blood pressure 160-169 and 180 & above mm of Hg. The mean systolic & the diastolic blood pressure at the initiation of the study were observed 198±13.17mm of Hg & 119±8.6mm of Hg respectively. After use of injection Labetalol mean systolic blood pressure were 138.61±15.43mm of Hg, which is statistically significant (p value <0.001) & mean diastolic blood pressure were 96.18±9.7mm of Hg, which is also statistically significant (p value <0.001). It was observed that majority patients' blood pressure was controlled by 1-2 doses. It was noticed that injection Labetalol controls blood pressure in 80% antenatal cases & 86% postnatal cases. Out of 72 patients 4 cases (5.5%) experienced nausea & vomiting and only 1 case (1.1%) experienced headache. Regarding fetal outcome 48% patients delivered healthy baby, about 31% patients delivered asphyxiated baby & neonatal death were noticed in 4% cases. This study assessing the response & side effects of intravenous antihypertensive drug in the treatment of pregnancy induced severe hypertension shows that Labetalol fulfils the criteria of an antihypertensive drug for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Akter
- Dr Ferdows Ara Akter, Medical Officer, MCH & FP, Upazila Health Complex, Gouripur, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Bakri MM, Hossain MZ, Razak FA, Saqina ZH, Misroni AA, Ab-Murat N, Kitagawa J, Saub RB. Dentinal tubules occluded by bioactive glass-containing toothpaste exhibit high resistance toward acidic soft drink challenge. Aust Dent J 2017; 62:186-191. [PMID: 27813093 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentine hypersensitivity is a common problem attributed by patent dentinal tubules. Ingredients incorporated in toothpastes aim to occlude patent dentinal tubules to minimize the dentine hypersensitivity. However, frequent consumption of acidic soft drinks may reverse the dentinal tubules' occlusion. In this in vitro study, the efficacy of dentinal tubules occluded by commercially available toothpastes to withstand different durations of an acidic soft drink challenge was investigated. METHODS One hundred and twenty dentine discs were divided into three groups. The discs from each group were brushed with toothpaste containing bioactive glass, arginine and control toothpaste. Each group was then divided into four subgroups and exposed to acidic soft drink over four different time durations. RESULTS The scoring and the percentage of occluded dentinal tubules by Novamin-containing toothpaste was significantly better compared with arginine or the control toothpaste. Acidic soft drink challenge reduced the extent of dentinal tubules occlusion along with time. Dentinal tubules occluded by Novamin-containing toothpaste withstand the acidic challenge comparatively for a longer period. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrated that occlusion of dentinal tubules is more efficient by the bioactive glass-containing toothpaste and thus may contribute to its better resistance to acidic soft drink challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bakri
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Z Hossain
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - F A Razak
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Z H Saqina
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A A Misroni
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Ab-Murat
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - R B Saub
- Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jahan AB, Ahmed MU, Begum M, Hossain MM, Rahman MM, Sarwar JM, Hossain MZ, Begum F, Saha PL, Haque S, Muktadira M. Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Palpable Breast Mass and Correlation with Histopathology. Mymensingh Med J 2017; 26:223-229. [PMID: 28588154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The distinction by physical examination of physiologic nodularity from abnormal masses can be difficult, while the clinical differentiation of a malignant mass from a benign one is difficult; the medical as well as potential legal consequences of missing a palpable carcinoma are high. There are significant number of reported cases of false-negative findings on mammography and the great desire not to miss a malignant lesion in the early stage of disease lead to aggressive biopsy, but the biopsy rate for cancer is only 10.0% to 30.0%. This means that 70.0% to 90.0% of breast biopsies are performed for benign diseases, which induce unnecessary patients discomfort and anxiety in addition to increasing costs to the patient. Clearly, there is a great need for development of additional reliable methods to complement the existing diagnostic procedures to avoid unnecessary biopsy. This cross sectional study was carried out on 43 patients having palpable breast mass, attended in the Department of Radiology and Imaging Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2013 for the period of two year. These patients were evaluated by USG at the Department of Radiology and Imaging and histopathological examination at the Department of Pathology of the same College to confirm the diagnosis. In diagnosis of malignant mass by USG, 9(20.9%) cases were diagnosed as malignant and 34(79.1%) cases as other than malignant. Eight out of 9 were sonographically diagnosed as malignant lesions also proved as malignant lesion by histopathology and 1 other than malignant. Out of 34 sonographically diagnosed cases of other than malignant lesions 32 were proved histopathologically and 2 did not match with sonographic findings. USG, in diagnosis of malignant lesion, sensitivity was 80.0%, specificity 96.97%, positive predictive value (PPV) (88.89%), negative predictive value 94.12% and accuracy was 93.02% and comparable to other study. In diagnosis of benign lesion by USG, sensitivity was 96.97%, specificity 80.0%, positive predictive value (PPV) (94.12%), negative predictive value 88.89% and accuracy was 93.02%. So, USG is an appropriate imaging method for diagnosis & differential diagnosis of palpable breast mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Jahan
- Dr Afroza Bilkis Jahan, Radiologist, Department of Radiology & Imaging, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Islam MM, Hossain MZ. Orthodontic Management of A Young Girl with Class II Div1 Malocclusion. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:845-850. [PMID: 26620029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe the treatment of a young girl age, 25 years, with Class II Div1 malocclusion. She presented with an over jet of 12 mm, and the overbite was 10 mm and incomplete. Teeth on upper anterior segment of jaw were proclined and spaced. Teeth on lower jaw were crowded with buccaly placed 1st premolar on right side. Molar relationship was Class II on both sides. Incisior relation was class II div1. Her oral hygiene was good. Treatment consisted mainly of premolars extractions, canine retraction, labeling and alignment with Edgewise fixed appliances by multi loops technique. Once the canine retraction was complete, arch contraction was accomplished with 0.016×0.022 inch closing-loop arch wires followed by finishing with 0.014 inch round wires. The treatment resulted in Class I molar occlusion with proper alignment of both upper and lower anterior segment, an ideal over jet, overbite and incisor angulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Islam
- Dr Md Monuwarul Islam, Assistant Professor and Head, Dental Unit, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Hossain MZ, Floryan JM. Natural convection in a horizontal fluid layer periodically heated from above and below. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:023015. [PMID: 26382511 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.023015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural convection in a horizontal slot heated from above and from below has been considered. Each heating has a certain spatial distribution. It has been demonstrated that a wide variety of convection patterns can be generated by changing the relative position of both heating patterns. A significant intensification of convection, compared to convection resulting from heating applied at one wall only, results if there is no phase shift between both patterns, while a significant reduction of convection results from the phase shift corresponding to half of the heating wavelength. The system generates a nonzero mean shear stress at each wall for all phase shifts except shifts corresponding to half of and one full heating wavelength. This effect, which is generated within one convection cell, gives rise to a global force which may lead to a thermally induced drift of the walls if such a drift was allowed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Hossain
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
| | - J M Floryan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9
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Pasha K, Sengupta P, Alauddin S, Sheikh AK, Hossain MZ, Sumon SM. Transient Loss of Vision after Coronary Angiogram - A Case Report. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:615-618. [PMID: 26329965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A 50-year old, diabetic, hypertensive patient with post-CABG status developed complete loss of vision about one hour after coronary angiogram (CAG). Thorough ophthalmological and neurological examination as well as magnetic resonance imaging of brain especially of the occipital region revealed no abnormality. The patient had complete recovery of vision about 48 hours later. We could not document any specific cause or mechanism for the visual loss, although the selective vulnerability of occipital lobes to contrast agent toxicity (Cortical blindness) was the most likely underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pasha
- Dr Kamal Pasha, Associate Consultant of Cardiology, Square Hospitals Ltd. Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Amin MN, Liza KF, Sarwar MS, Ahmed J, Adnan MT, Chowdhury MI, Hossain MZ, Islam MS. Effect of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, macro minerals and trace elements on eczema. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:617-23. [PMID: 25967637 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The exact etiology and pathogenesis of eczema are not yet fully understood, although different factors are considered as pathogenic mechanisms in the development of eczema. Our study was designed to determine extent of serum lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, macro minerals and trace elements in patients with eczema, and thereby, find any pathophysiological correlation. The study was conducted as a case-control study with 65 eczema patients as cases and 65 normal healthy individuals as controls. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Antioxidants- vitamin A and E concentration was determined by RP-HPLC method whereas vitamin C was evaluated for serum ascorbic acid by UV spectrophotometric method. Serum macro minerals (Na, K, Ca) and trace elements (Zn, Fe) were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). This study found significantly higher level of MDA (p < 0.001) and lower level of antioxidants (p < 0.05) in patients in comparison to the control subjects. Analysis of serum macro minerals (Na, K and Ca) and trace elements (Zn, Fe) found that the mean values of Na, K, Ca, Zn and Fe were 2771.60 ± 75.64, 66.33 ± 3.03, 48.41 ± 2.50, 0.30 ± 0.02 and 0.29 ± 0.009 mg/L for the patient group and 3284.81 ± 34.51, 162.18 ± 3.72, 87.66 ± 2.10, 0.75 ± 0.06 and 0.87 ± 0.06 mg/L for the control group, accordingly. There was a significant difference for all the minerals between the patients and controls (p < 0.001). This study suggests a strong association between the pathogenesis of eczema with the elevated level of MDA and depleted level of antioxidants, macro minerals, and trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
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Joarder MA, Karim B, Kamal T, Suzon SI, Akhter NN, Islam K, Hossain MZ, Mollik A, Sultana S, Shankar DRK, Chandy M. A case report on interhemispheric epidermoid tumor. Pulse (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3329/pulse.v7i1.23250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A 30 year old man admitted with the complaints of generalized convulsions, headache and amnesia. The radiological and neuro-pathological findings were interhemispheric epidermoid tumor, which is a rare location. The tumor was removed completely. The diagnosis and management of epidermoid tumors are discussed by reviewing the literature.Pulse Vol.7 January-December 2014 p.46-49
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Joarder MA, Karim AKMB, Kamal T, Sujon T, Akhter N, Islam K, Hossain MZ, Mollik A, Sultana S, Shankar DRK, Jahangir SM, Chandy M. Retrospective comparison of decompressive hemicraniectomy and hematoma evacuation for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hematoma. Pulse (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3329/pulse.v7i1.23245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC), compared with craniotomy with evacuation of hematoma, and would improve clinical outcomes of patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH).Methods: We compared patients (November 2008February 2014) with supratentorial ICH treated with DHC without hematoma evacuation and craniotomy with hematoma evacuation. DHC measured at least 150 mm and included opening of the dura. We analyzed clinical, radiological, and surgical characteristics. Outcome at 6 months was divided into good (modified Rankin Scale 04) and poor (modified Rankin Scale 56).Results: Fifteen patients (mean age 58 years) with ICH were treated by DHC. Median hematoma volume was 61 ml and mean preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 7. Ten patients had good and five had poor outcomes. In hematoma evacuation group 29 patients were treated. Median hematoma volume was 55 ml and mean preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 8. Seventeen patients had good and twelve had poor outcomes.Conclusions: DHC is more effective than hematoma evacuation in patients with SICH. Based on this small cohort, DHC may reduce mortality. Larger prospective study is warranted to assess safety and efficacy.Pulse Vol.7 January-December 2014 p.16-21
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Islam MM, Hossain MZ, Rahman MM. Orthodontic management of a young girl with class I malocclusion and severe crowding: a case report. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:399-403. [PMID: 26007273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the treatment of a young girl age, 16 years, with Class I malocclusion. Both upper and lower anterior segment of jaws were crowded with buccally placed canines. Treatment consisted mainly of premolars extractions, canine retraction, labeling and alignment with Edgewise fixed appliances by multiloop technique. The patient did not show good cooperation, hence treatment time was prolonged. However the treatment resulted in Class I molar occlusion with proper alignment of both upper and lower anterior segment, an ideal overjet, overbite and incisor angulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Islam
- *Dr Md Monuwarul Islam, Assistant Professor and Head, Dental Unit, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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