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Au J, Bloom AA, Parazoo NC, Deans RM, Wong CYS, Houlton BZ, Magney TS. Forest productivity recovery or collapse? Model-data integration insights on drought-induced tipping points. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:5652-5665. [PMID: 37497614 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
More frequent and severe droughts are driving increased forest mortality around the globe. We urgently need to describe and predict how drought affects forest carbon cycling and identify thresholds of environmental stress that trigger ecosystem collapse. Quantifying the effects of drought at an ecosystem level is complex because dynamic climate-plant relationships can cause rapid and/or prolonged shifts in carbon balance. We employ the CARbon DAta MOdel fraMework (CARDAMOM) to investigate legacy effects of drought on forest carbon pools and fluxes. Our Bayesian model-data fusion approach uses tower observed meteorological forcing and carbon fluxes to determine the response and sensitivity of aboveground and belowground ecological processes associated with the 2012-2015 California drought. Our study area is a mid-montane mixed conifer forest in the Southern Sierras. CARDAMOM constrained with gross primary productivity (GPP) estimates covering 2011-2017 show a ~75% reduction in GPP, compared to negligible GPP change when constrained with 2011 only. Precipitation across 2012-2015 was 45% (474 mm) lower than the historical average and drove a cascading depletion in soil moisture and carbon pools (foliar, labile, roots, and litter). Adding 157 mm during an especially stressful year (2014, annual rainfall = 293 mm) led to a smaller depletion of water and carbon pools, steering the ecosystem away from a state of GPP tipping-point collapse to recovery. We present novel process-driven insights that demonstrate the sensitivity of GPP collapse to ecosystem foliar carbon and soil moisture states-showing that the full extent of GPP response takes several years to arise. Thus, long-term changes in soil moisture and carbon pools can provide a mechanistic link between drought and forest mortality. Our study provides an example for how key precipitation threshold ranges can influence forest productivity, making them useful for monitoring and predicting forest mortality events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Au
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - A A Bloom
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - N C Parazoo
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - R M Deans
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Y S Wong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - B Z Houlton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - T S Magney
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Kuai L, Parazoo NC, Shi M, Miller CE, Baker I, Bloom AA, Bowman K, Lee M, Zeng Z, Commane R, Montzka SA, Berry J, Sweeney C, Miller JB, Yung YL. Quantifying Northern High Latitude Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) Using Carbonyl Sulfide (OCS). Global Biogeochem Cycles 2022; 36:e2021GB007216. [PMID: 36590828 PMCID: PMC9787914 DOI: 10.1029/2021gb007216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The northern high latitude (NHL, 40°N to 90°N) is where the second peak region of gross primary productivity (GPP) other than the tropics. The summer NHL GPP is about 80% of the tropical peak, but both regions are still highly uncertain (Norton et al. 2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3069-2019). Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) provides an important proxy for photosynthetic carbon uptake. Here we optimize the OCS plant uptake fluxes across the NHL by fitting atmospheric concentration simulation with the GEOS-CHEM global transport model to the aircraft profiles acquired over Alaska during NASA's Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment (2012-2015). We use the empirical biome-specific linear relationship between OCS plant uptake flux and GPP to derive the six plant uptake OCS fluxes from different GPP data. Such GPP-based fluxes are used to drive the concentration simulations. We evaluate the simulations against the independent observations at two ground sites of Alaska. The optimized OCS fluxes suggest the NHL plant uptake OCS flux of -247 Gg S year-1, about 25% stronger than the ensemble mean of the six GPP-based OCS fluxes. GPP-based OCS fluxes systematically underestimate the peak growing season across the NHL, while a subset of models predict early start of season in Alaska, consistent with previous studies of net ecosystem exchange. The OCS optimized GPP of 34 PgC yr-1 for NHL is also about 25% more than the ensembles mean from six GPP data. Further work is needed to fully understand the environmental and biotic drivers and quantify their rate of photosynthetic carbon uptake in Arctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Kuai
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | - Mingjie Shi
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
| | - Charles E. Miller
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Ian Baker
- Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Anthony A. Bloom
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Kevin Bowman
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Meemong Lee
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Zhao‐Cheng Zeng
- University of California Los AngelesJIFRESSELos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Roisin Commane
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia UniversityPalisadesNYUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuk L. Yung
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
- California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
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Maasakkers JD, Jacob DJ, Sulprizio MP, Turner AJ, Weitz M, Wirth T, Hight C, DeFigueiredo M, Desai M, Schmeltz R, Hockstad L, Bloom AA, Bowman KW, Jeong S, Fischer ML. Gridded National Inventory of U.S. Methane Emissions. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:13123-13133. [PMID: 27934278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a gridded inventory of US anthropogenic methane emissions with 0.1° × 0.1° spatial resolution, monthly temporal resolution, and detailed scale-dependent error characterization. The inventory is designed to be consistent with the 2016 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (GHGI) for 2012. The EPA inventory is available only as national totals for different source types. We use a wide range of databases at the state, county, local, and point source level to disaggregate the inventory and allocate the spatial and temporal distribution of emissions for individual source types. Results show large differences with the EDGAR v4.2 global gridded inventory commonly used as a priori estimate in inversions of atmospheric methane observations. We derive grid-dependent error statistics for individual source types from comparison with the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) regional inventory for Northeast Texas. These error statistics are independently verified by comparison with the California Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measurement (CALGEM) grid-resolved emission inventory. Our gridded, time-resolved inventory provides an improved basis for inversion of atmospheric methane observations to estimate US methane emissions and interpret the results in terms of the underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannes D Maasakkers
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Daniel J Jacob
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Melissa P Sulprizio
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Alexander J Turner
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Melissa Weitz
- Climate Change Division, Environmental Protection Agency , Washington, District of Columbia 20460, United States
| | - Tom Wirth
- Climate Change Division, Environmental Protection Agency , Washington, District of Columbia 20460, United States
| | - Cate Hight
- Climate Change Division, Environmental Protection Agency , Washington, District of Columbia 20460, United States
| | - Mark DeFigueiredo
- Climate Change Division, Environmental Protection Agency , Washington, District of Columbia 20460, United States
| | - Mausami Desai
- Climate Change Division, Environmental Protection Agency , Washington, District of Columbia 20460, United States
| | - Rachel Schmeltz
- Climate Change Division, Environmental Protection Agency , Washington, District of Columbia 20460, United States
| | - Leif Hockstad
- Climate Change Division, Environmental Protection Agency , Washington, District of Columbia 20460, United States
| | - Anthony A Bloom
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Kevin W Bowman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Seongeun Jeong
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marc L Fischer
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Abstract
Ischemic enterocolitis is a well-recognized entity occurring in cocaine users. Diagnosis is based on the presence of rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, a history of cocaine use, supportive endoscopic and histopathologic findings, and the absence of other etiologic mechanisms of ischemic colitis. In this study, we evaluated endoscopic and histopathologic findings in seven patients with cocaine colitis. Lesions seen by endoscopy, which were restricted to the left colon, included hemorrhagic edematous mucosa, pseudopolyps, and ulcerations. Rectal involvement, not a common feature of ischemic colitis, was seen in five patients. In two patients histologic lesions were classified acute/subacute, and in three patients as subacute/chronic. In the remaining two patients lesions were combined acute/subacute and chronic. The presence of subacute/chronic lesions suggested recurrent ischemic episodes and could reflect repeated use of cocaine. Future studies will be needed to define the long-term clinical and histopathologic significance of these subacute/chronic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Niazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center, New York 10457, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the impact of a sudden cardiac arrest (CA) on the neurodevelopmental and adaptive functioning of young children with congenital heart disease (CHD). METHODOLOGY Sixteen children with CHD who had sustained an in-hospital CA were compared with a medically similar group of children with CHD who had not incurred a CA. The contribution of CA, disease severity, and family socioeconomic status on the prediction of developmental outcome variables was evaluated. RESULTS Children in the CA group displayed more impairments in general cognitive, motor, and adaptive behavior functioning as well as greater disease severity as measured by a cumulative medical risk index. With respect to all children in the study, a higher socioeconomic status was related to higher scores on cognitive functioning, lower levels of child maladjustment, and lower levels of stress within the parent-child relationship. Although the occurrence of a CA alone did not contribute to the prediction of outcome measures, a significant interactional effect between CA and cumulative medical risk index was found. Specifically, among children who had incurred a CA, as disease severity increased, decrements in abilities were observed. Few significant correlations between specific CA-related variables (eg, length of CA) and outcome indices were found. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study indicate that the impact of cardiac arrest on neuropsychological functioning may be mediated by the child's overall disease severity. These findings have implications for the identification of CA survivors at greatest risk for developmental difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Bloom
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303-3083, USA
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Bloom AA. Illegal drug use. N Y State J Med 1992; 92:277; author reply 277-8. [PMID: 1641220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Farkas PS, Knapp AB, Lieberman H, Guttman I, Mayan S, Bloom AA. Markedly elevated creatinine phosphokinase, cotton wool spots, and pericarditis in a patient with leptospirosis. Gastroenterology 1981; 80:587-9. [PMID: 7450450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We are reporting a patient with acute leptospirosis whose creatinine phosphokinase was markedly elevated secondary to an associated myositis. In patients presenting with acute hepatitis, an elevated creatinine phosphokinase should suggest the diagnosis of leptospirosis. Our patient's course of illness was made unusual by the appearance of cotton wool spots, previously unreported in leptospirosis as well as by pericarditis in the absence of uremia. This illustrates our ever widening recognition of the clinical manifestations of leptospirosis.
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Boisson MC, Gianelly AA, Ruben MP, Randall FJ, Bloom AA. Epithelial changes incident to tooth movement: a radio-autographic analysis. J Periodontol 1976; 47:335-41. [PMID: 1064721 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1976.47.6.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Bloom AA, Stekelman M, Varadee R, Carvajal S, Davidson M. Resting pressures in the lower esophageal sphincter. Am J Dig Dis 1974; 19:1120-3. [PMID: 4440665 DOI: 10.1007/bf01076147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Safavi H, Ruben MP, Mafla ER, Bloom AA. Periodontal traumatism produced by sustained increase in occlusal vertical dimension: a histopathological study. J Periodontol 1974; 45:207-16. [PMID: 4206465 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1974.45.4.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ruben MP, Prieto-Hernandez JR, Gott FK, Kramer GM, Bloom AA. Visualization of lymphatic microcirculation of oral tissues. II. Vital retrograde lymphography. J Periodontol 1971; 42:774-84. [PMID: 5287025 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1971.42.12.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Reiner L, Bloom AA. Two-vessel ostial occlusion of the celiac-mesenteric circulation. Surg Clin North Am 1969; 49:615-20. [PMID: 5769781 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)38850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Bloom AA, Stachenfeld R. Diabetic cholecystomegaly. JAMA 1969; 208:357-9. [PMID: 5818494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Bloom AA, LoPresti P, Farrar JT. Motility of the intact human colon. Gastroenterology 1968; 54:232-40. [PMID: 5711907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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