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Panda S, Sehrawat A, Kayal S, Sundriyal D, Khanna M, Philips A, Jain D, Moharana L, Tiwari K, Kaaviya D, Cyriac S, Jose A, Saju S, Rathnam K, Ganesan P. 56P Clinico-pathological profile of adolescent and young adult colorectal cancer patients: Multicentre collaborative registry data from India. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Luttenbacher I, Philips A, Kazemi R, Hadipour A, Sanghvi I, Martinez J, Adamson M. Transdiagnostic Role of Glutamate and White Matter Damage in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9564980 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neuropsychiatric disorders including Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), and Schizophrenia (SZ) have been considered distinct categories of diseases despite their overlapping characteristics and symptomatology. Objectives We aimed to provide an in-depth review elucidating the role of glutamate/Glx and white matter (WM) abnormalities from a transdiagnostic perspective. Methods The PubMed online database was searched for studies published between 2010 and 2021. After careful screening, 399 studies were included. Results The findings point to decreased levels of glutamate in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in both SZ and BD, whereas Glx is elevated in the Hippocampus in SZ and MDD. With regard to WM abnormalities, the Corpus Callosum and superior Longitudinal Fascicle were the most consistently identified brain regions showing decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) across all the reviewed disorders, except GAD. Additionally, the Uncinate Fasciculus was found to be affected in all the reviewed disorders, except OCD. Decreased FA was also found in the inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus, inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus, Thalamic Radiation, and Corona Radiata in SZ, BD, and MDD. Decreased FA in the Fornix and Corticospinal Tract were found in BD and SZ patients. The Cingulum and Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule exhibited decreased FA in MDD and SZ patients. Conclusions The results suggest a gradual increase in severity from GAD to SZ defined by the number of brain regions with WM abnormality which may be partially caused by abnormal glutamate levels. WM damage could thus be considered a potential marker of some of the main neuropsychiatric disorders. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Li L, Jin T, Wen S, Shi N, Zhang R, Zhu P, Lin Z, Jiang K, Guo J, Liu T, Philips A, Deng L, Yang X, Singh VK, Sutton R, Windsor JA, Huang W, Xia Q. Early Rapid Fluid Therapy Is Associated with Increased Rate of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation in Hemoconcentrated Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:2700-2711. [PMID: 31912265 PMCID: PMC7419345 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hematocrit is a widely used biomarker to guide early fluid therapy for patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), but there is controversy over whether early rapid fluid therapy (ERFT) should be used in hemoconcentrated patients. This study investigated the association of hematocrit and ERFT with clinical outcomes of patients with AP. METHODS Data from prospectively maintained AP database and retrospectively collected fluid management details were stratified according to actual severity defined by revised Atlanta classification. Hemoconcentration and "early" were defined as hematocrit > 44% and the first 6 h of general ward admission, respectively, and "rapid" fluid rate was defined as ≥ 3 ml/kg/h. Patients were allocated into 4 groups for comparisons: group A, hematocrit ≤ 44% and fluid rate < 3 ml/kg/h; group B, hematocrit ≤ 44% and fluid rate ≥ 3 ml/kg/h; group C, hematocrit > 44% and fluid rate < 3 ml/kg/h; and group D, hematocrit > 44% and fluid rate ≥ 3 ml/kg/h. Primary outcome was rate of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV). RESULTS A total of 912 consecutive AP patients were analyzed. ERFT has no impact on clinical outcomes of hemoconcentrated, non-severe or all non-hemoconcentrated AP patients. In hemoconcentrated patients with severe AP (SAP), ERFT was accompanied with increased risk of NPPV (odds ratio 5.96, 95% CI 1.57-22.6). Multivariate regression analyses confirmed ERFT and hemoconcentration were significantly and independently associated with persistent organ failure and mortality in patients with SAP. CONCLUSIONS ERFT is associated with increased rate of NPPV in hemoconcentrated patients with SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Si Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yichang, China
| | - Na Shi
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Ruwen Zhang
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Ziqi Lin
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Anthony Philips
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lihui Deng
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Vikesh K. Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Pancreatitis Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John A. Windsor
- Surgical and Translational Research Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wei Huang
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Wannan Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province China
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Jin T, Li L, Deng L, Wen S, Zhang R, Shi N, Zhu P, Lan L, Lin Z, Jiang K, Guo J, Liu T, Philips A, Yang X, Singh VK, Sutton R, Windsor JA, Huang W, Xia Q. Hemoconcentration is associated with early faster fluid rate and increased risk of persistent organ failure in acute pancreatitis patients. JGH Open 2020; 4:684-691. [PMID: 32782957 PMCID: PMC7411661 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversies existed surrounding the use of hematocrit to guide early fluid therapy in acute pancreatitis (AP). The association between hematocrit, early fluid therapy, and clinical outcomes in ward AP patients needs to be investigated. METHODS Data from prospectively maintained AP database and retrospectively collected details of fluid therapy were analyzed. Patients were stratified into three groups: Group 1, hematocrit < 44% both at admission and at 24 h thereafter; Group 2: regardless of admission level, hematocrit increased and >44% at 24 h; Group 3: hematocrit >44% on admission and decreased thereafter during first 24 h. "Early" means first 24 h after admission. Baseline characteristics, early fluid rates, and clinical outcomes of the three groups were compared. RESULTS Among the 628 patients, Group 3 had a higher hematocrit level, greater baseline predicted severity, faster fluid rate, and more fluid volume in the first 24 h compared with Group 1 or 2. Group 3 had an increased risk for persistent organ failure (POF; odds ratio 2, 95% confidence interval [1.1-3.8], P = 0.03) compared with Group 1 after adjusting for difference in baseline clinical severity scores, there was no difference between Group 2 and Group 3 or Group 1. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that hemoconcentration and early faster fluid rate were risk factors for POF and mortality (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hemoconcentration is associated with faster fluid rate and POF in ward AP patients. Randomized trials comparing standardized early fast and slow fluid management is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lan Li
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lihui Deng
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Si Wen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismYichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineYichangChina
| | - Ruwen Zhang
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Na Shi
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lan Lan
- West China Biomedical Big Data Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ziqi Lin
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jia Guo
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Anthony Philips
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Vikesh K Singh
- Pancreatitis Centre, Division of GastroenterologyJohns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreUSA
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational MedicineUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - John A Windsor
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Wei Huang
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qing Xia
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China‐Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Tyner TJ, Cavayero C, Philips A, Johnson B, Quinn T. Poster 290 Evaluating Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy (OMT) as a Treatment Modality for the Reduction of Chronic Stress in Medical Students. PM R 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.06.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhang ZY, Cashins S, Philips A, Burridge CP. Significant population genetic structuring but a lack of phylogeographic structuring in the endemic Tasmanian tree frog (Litoria burrowsae). AUST J ZOOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/zo14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Conservation of frogs is of global concern, owing to declines resulting from habitat destruction, global climate change, and disease. Knowledge of genetic variation in frog species is therefore desirable for the identification of management units. Here we surveyed mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in the Tasmanian endemic hylid frog Litoria burrowsae, which is infected by chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, and may be declining. Neither phylogeographic structure nor deep phylogenetic divergence was detected in the species, although its populations were highly differentiated with respect to haplotype frequencies. The low-haplotype diversity in L. burrowsae suggests a recent bottleneck in the species, and population genetic structuring may reflect isolation by distance as well as founder effects associated with range expansion. Three putative management units were identified that require verification based on nuclear DNA variation and adaptation to local environments.
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Johns R, Chaudry A, Khanafer E, Ilham A, Stephens M, Philips A, Asderakis A. Nitric oxide levels following perfusion differ in donation after circulatory death and donation after brain death transplants. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2013.95.5.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Affiliated to the Association of Surgeons in Training and the British Transplantation Society, the Carrel Club is the transplant trainee surgical society. The Carrel Club held a joint meeting with the Chapter of Transplant Surgeons, a subsidiary organisation of the British Transplantation Society, at the Manchester Hilton Hotel on 31 January and 1 February 2013. As part of the meeting, ten abstracts were presented. A selection is printed below. The winner of the Best Presentation award was Mr Mownah.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Johns
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - A Chaudry
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - E Khanafer
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - A Ilham
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - M Stephens
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - A Philips
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, UK
| | - A Asderakis
- Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, UK
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Felton TW, Roberts SA, Isalska B, Brennan S, Philips A, Whiteside S, Doran HM, Leonard C, Al-Aloul M, Yonan N, Hope WW. Isolation of Aspergillus species from the airway of lung transplant recipients is associated with excess mortality. J Infect 2012; 65:350-6. [PMID: 22863902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspergillus spp. are the leading cause of invasive fungal infection in lung transplant recipients. We investigated the relationship between the isolation of Aspergillus spp. from the respiratory tract of lung transplant recipients and their risk of mortality. METHODS A retrospective, observational cohort study of all patients who received lung allografts between January 1999 and May 2011 at a single UK centre was performed. The time from transplantation to death was analysed using Cox regression models. Isolation of Aspergillus spp. from the respiratory tract was included as a covariate in the Cox regression model. RESULTS Two hundred-thirteen patients were included. The median follow-up time was 5 years during which 102 patients (47.9%) died. Aspergillus was isolated from 74 (34.7%) patients. Twenty patients (27%) had Aspergillus isolated in the first 60 days post-transplant. Forty-one patients (55.4%) in the Aspergillus group and 61 patients (43.9%) in the non-Aspergillus group died during follow-up. A hazard ratio of 2.2 (95% CI 1.5-3.3; P < 0.001) for death following a positive Aspergillus sample was observed. CONCLUSION Isolation of Aspergillus spp. from patients following lung transplantation is associated with a significant increase in mortality. Novel preventative strategies are required to minimise the impact of Aspergillus in lung transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Felton
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Translational Research Facility in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.
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Maira M, Philips A, Drouin J. Signalisation par le récepteur orphelin Nur77 : nouveau mécanisme d'action et antagonisme par les glucocorticoïdes. Med Sci (Paris) 2012. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Philips A, Hurdman J, Batuwitage B, Kiely D, Mills G. Critical care outcome of pulmonary artery hypertension. Crit Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3068423 DOI: 10.1186/cc9914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Philips A, Englert L, Ackroyd R, Shaw PJ, Mc Dermott C. Laparoscopic insertion of a diaphragmatic pacing system in patients with non-spinal injury-related neurological respiratory failure: the first reported UK cases. Anaesthesia 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06184_26.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Burling D, Halligan S, Atchley J, Dhingsar R, Guest P, Hayward S, Higginson A, Jobling C, Kay C, Lilford R, Maskell G, McCafferty I, McGregor J, Morton D, Kumar Neelala M, Noakes M, Philips A, Riley P, Taylor A, Bassett P, Wardle J, Atkin W, Taylor SA. CT colonography: interpretative performance in a non-academic environment. Clin Radiol 2007; 62:424-9; discussion 430-1. [PMID: 17398266 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2006.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate interpretative accuracy and reporting time for radiologists performing computed tomography (CT) colonography in day-to-day non-academic clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen radiologists from seven centres, who were reporting CT colonography in non-academic daily clinical practice, interpreted a dataset of 15 colonoscopically validated cases in a controlled environment. Ten cases had either a cancer or polyp >10mm; one case had a medium polyp and four were normal. Correct case categorization and interpretation times were compared using analysis of variance to aggregated results obtained from both experienced observers and observers recently trained using 50 cases, working in an academic environment. The effect of experience was determined using Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS Individual accuracy was highly variable, range 53% (95% CI 27-79%) to 93% (95% CI 68-100%). Mean accuracy overall was significantly inferior to experienced radiologists (mean 75 versus 88%, p=0.04) but not significantly different from recently trained radiologists (p=0.48). Interpretation time was not significantly different to experienced readers (mean 12.4 min versus 11.7, p=0.74), but shorter than recently trained radiologists (p=0.05). There was a significant, positive, linear correlation between prior experience and accuracy (p<0.001) with no plateau. CONCLUSION Accuracy for sub-specialist radiologists working in a non-academic environment is, on average, equivalent to radiologists trained using 50 cases. However, there is wide variability in individual performance, which generally falls short of the average performance suggested by meta-analysis of published data. Experience improves accuracy, but alone is insufficient to determine competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Burling
- University College Hospital, London, UK
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Coore RR, Love S, McKinstry JL, Weaver HR, Philips A, Hillman T, Hiles M, Helps CR, Anil MH. Brain tissue fragments in jugular vein blood of cattle stunned by use of penetrating or nonpenetrating captive bolt guns. J Food Prot 2005; 68:882-4. [PMID: 15830690 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-68.4.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle continues to decline in the United Kingdom, it remains important to maintain vigilance of all potential routes of transmission of infection to humans. Initial studies have demonstrated a potential risk of carcass contamination with brain tissue following the use of captive bolt gun stunning in cattle. The objective of this study was to further explore these initial findings particularly in regard to captive bolt guns currently in use in the United Kingdom. Brain tissue fragments or elevated levels of a marker protein for brain tissue were detected in venous blood samples from 4% (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 9.8%) of cattle stunned by penetrating captive bolt gun and from 2% (95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 7%) of those stunned by nonpenetrating captive bolt gun.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Coore
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
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Anil MH, Love S, Helps CR, McKinstry JL, Brown SN, Philips A, Williams S, Shand A, Bakirel T, Harbour D. Jugular venous emboli of brain tissue induced in sheep by the use of captive bolt guns. Vet Rec 2001; 148:619-20. [PMID: 11394796 DOI: 10.1136/vr.148.20.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Emboli of central nervous tissue were detected in the jugular venous blood of two of 15 sheep stunned with a conventional cartridge-operated captive bolt gun and in two of 15 sheep stunned with a pneumatically activated gun. No emboli were detected in arterial blood from these sheep or in venous blood from sheep stunned electrically. Emboli from an animal with BSE could transmit the disease to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Anil
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford
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Abstract
We report the formation of a three-dimensionally ordered array of air bubbles of monodisperse pore size in a polymer film through a templating mechanism based on thermocapillary convection. Dilute solutions of a simple, coil-like polymer in a volatile solvent are cast on a glass slide in the presence of moist air flowing across the surface. Evaporative cooling and the generation of an ordered array of breath figures leads to the formation of multilayers of hexagonally packed water droplets that are preserved in the final, solid polymer film as spherical air bubbles. The dimensions of these bubbles can be controlled simply by changing the velocity of the airflow across the surface. When these three-dimensionally ordered macroporous materials have pore dimensions comparable to the wavelength of visible light, they are of interest as photonic band gaps and optical stop-bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Srinivasarao
- School of Textile and Fiber Engineering and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Abstract
SUMMARY A wider range of research can be conducted on viable tissue samples than on fixed or frozen samples. A major obstacle to studying viable prostate tissue samples is the inability to accurately identify cancer on direct examination of unembedded tissue. We used a dissecting microscope to identify cancer in unfixed prostate tissue samples stained on the cut surface with 0.5% aqueous toluidine blue. We measured the diagnostic accuracy of this technique in 25 consecutive prostatectomies, determined the viability of procured samples, and estimated the effect on final pathologic assessment. Both surfaces of a 3- to 5-mm thick cross-section taken midway between base and apex of the prostate were examined. A 4-mm punch biopsy was directed to one benign and one malignant area when clearly present. The dissecting microscope allowed clearcut recognition of carcinoma in 17 of the 25 cross-sections, and carcinoma was confirmed in all 17 (100%). In 8 of 25 cases, no procurement was attempted because no carcinoma was evident in the one cross-section studied. Twenty of 25 cross-sections were adequate for benign tissue procurement; five of the cross-sections were not suitable for procurement because of the presence of extensive carcinoma or atrophy. Seventeen of the 20 were accurately diagnosed as benign (85%); one showed pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma, one showed focal high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and one showed urothelial carcinoma in situ. Prostatic epithelium obtained with the technique remains viable and can be separated from stroma. The dissecting microscope technique appears to facilitate rather than interfere with accurate pathologic assessment: extraprostatic extension or positive margins were correctly identified during tissue procurement in three cases. The procedure takes only about 30 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Fischer
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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18
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Perilongo G, Brown J, Shafford E, Brock P, De Camargo B, Keeling JW, Vos A, Philips A, Pritchard J, Plaschkes J. Hepatoblastoma presenting with lung metastases: treatment results of the first cooperative, prospective study of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology on childhood liver tumors. Cancer 2000; 89:1845-53. [PMID: 11042582 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20001015)89:8<1845::aid-cncr27>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of children who are affected by hepatoblastoma (HB) that presents with lung metastases has always been considered very poor. In light of the overall improvement in the survival of HB patients since the introduction of cisplatin (CDDP) in the therapeutic armament of this tumor, the question has been raised whether patients with metastatic HB also would benefit from this drug. The purpose of the current study was to address this issue by analyzing the treatment outcome of those patients presenting with metastases who entered into the first HB study on childhood liver tumors conducted by the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOPEL 1). METHODS SIOPEL 1 was a prospective, international, multicentric, single-arm study based on preoperative chemotherapy that was open to patient registration from January 1990 to February 1994. After undergoing a biopsy, patients received four courses of CDDP (80 mg/m(2) in a 24-hour, continuous infusion) on Day 1 followed by doxorubicin (60 mg/m(2) in a 48-hour, continuous infusion) on Days 2 and 3 (PLADO). Surgery was performed after four courses of PLADO and was followed by two more courses. Untreated children age < 16 years with biopsy-proven HB were eligible for the study. Metastatic spread was assessed by chest X-ray and, where available, lung computed tomography scan. RESULTS Thirty-one of 154 children that entered into the trial presented with metastases. Eight children presently are alive with no evidence of disease (NED) after being treated with protocol therapy only (median follow-up, 60 months); nine children are alive with NED after having failed PLADO and having been rescued with alternative therapies (median follow-up, 80 months). The 5-year overall and event free survival rates for these children were 57% (95% confidence interval, 39-75%) and 28% (95% confidence interval, 12-44%), respectively. Persistent lung disease was the main reason for PLADO failure (17 of 23 patients; 74%). CONCLUSIONS The SIOPEL 1 therapeutic strategy seems to cure 25% of the HB patients who present with metastases. However, further chemotherapy and the use of thoracotomies still can save significant numbers of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Perilongo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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19
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a normal physiological process which eliminates cells that do not receive adequate extracellular signals. One of the pathways signalling apoptosis is controlled by the small GTPases of the Rho family, also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and motility. Another major apoptosis signalling pathway involves the p53 tumour suppressor which is activated by a variety of stress and mediates growth arrest or apoptosis in normal cells. We show here that upon detachment from the extracellular matrix, fibroblasts undergo rapid apoptosis that can be rescued by constitutive activation of Rac1 and Cdc42Hs GTPases. Conversely, inhibition of Rac1 and Cdc42Hs efficiently triggers apoptosis in adherent cells. Interestingly, apoptosis is not observed in p53-/- cells either cultured in suspension or inhibited for Rac1 and Cdc42Hs activity. Moreover, Rac1 and Cdc42Hs extinction in normal cells activates endogenous p53. Using specific inhibitors of MAPK pathways, we demonstrate that, in our experimental system, p38 signals survival, while ERK activity is required for apoptosis. Our data constitute the first demonstration that Rac1 and Cdc42Hs control pathways that require simultaneous signalling through MAPK ERK and p53 to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lassus
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS UMR5535, IFR 24, 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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20
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Fajas L, Le Cam L, Polanowska J, Fabbrizio E, Servant N, Philips A, Carnac G, Sardet C. A CDE/CHR-like element mediates repression of transcription of the mouse RB2 (p130) gene. FEBS Lett 2000; 471:29-33. [PMID: 10760507 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bipartite repressor elements, termed cell cycle-dependent element (CDE)/cell cycle regulatory element (CCRE)-cell cycle homology region (CHR) control the growth-dependent transcription of the cyclin A, cdc25C, cdc2 genes. Here, we have identified a functional element displaying the signature of the CDE-CHR in the promoter of the mouse RB2 (p130) gene, encoding the retinoblastoma protein family (pRB)-related protein p130. This element locates close to the major transcription start site where it makes major groove contacts with proteins that can be detected in a cellular context using in vivo genomic footprinting techniques. Inactivation of either the CDE or CHR sequence strongly up-regulates the p130 promoter activity in exponentially growing cells, a situation where endogenous p130 gene expression is almost undetectable. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggest that two different protein complexes bind independently to the p130 CDE and CHR elements, and that the protein(s) bound to the CDE might be related to those bound on cyclin A and cdc2 promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fajas
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
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21
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Philips A, Roux P, Coulon V, Bellanger JM, Vié A, Vignais ML, Blanchard JM. Differential effect of Rac and Cdc42 on p38 kinase activity and cell cycle progression of nonadherent primary mouse fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:5911-7. [PMID: 10681583 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.8.5911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPases play an important role in transducing signals linking plasma membrane receptors to the organization of the cytoskeleton and also regulate gene transcription. Here, we show that expression of constitutively active Ras or Cdc42, but not RhoA, RhoG, and Rac1, is sufficient to cause anchorage-independent cell cycle progression of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. However, in anchorage free conditions, whereas activation of either Cdc42 or Ras results in cyclin A transcription and cell cycle progression, Cdc42 is not required for Ras-mediated cyclin A induction, and the two proteins act in a synergistic manner in this process. Surprisingly, the ability of Cdc42 to induce p38 MAPK activity in suspended mouse embryonic fibroblast was impaired. Moreover, inhibition of p38 activity allowed Rac1 to induce anchorage-independent cyclin A transcription, indicating that p38 MAPK has an inhibitory function on cell cycle progression of primary fibroblasts. Finally, a Rac mutant, which is unable to induce lamellipodia and focal complex formation, promoted cyclin A transcription in the presence of SB203580, suggesting that the organization of the cytoskeleton is not required for anchorage-independent proliferation. This demonstrates a novel function for Cdc42, distinct from that of Rac1, in the control of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Philips
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS, UMR 5535, IFR 24, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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22
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Abstract
Cell cycle modulation of cyclin A expression is due to the periodic relief of a transcriptional repression mediated by a bipartite negative DNA regulatory region. The 5' element (Cell Cycle Responsive Element: CCRE; cell Cycle Dependent Element: CDE) is clearly occupied in a cyclic manner in vivo, whereas the 3' element, whose sequence is shared by B-myb, cdc25C and cdc2 genes (cell Cycle gene Homology Region: CHR), is involved in more subtle interactions. Mutation of either element results in complete deregulation of cyclin A promoter activity. Whereas some reports claim that E2F/DP can bind to the CCRE/CDE, the nature of the protein(s) interacting with the CHR is unknown. In the present work we have characterized an activity present in quiescent cells and absent in cells blocked in S phase, which binds specifically to cyclin A CHR, but not to B-myb, or to cdc25C, or to cdc2 CHRs. A 90 kD protein, named CHF (cyclin A CHR binding factor), has been identified through preparative electrophoresis and UV crosslinking experiments. In order to address in more functional terms the binding of CHF to cyclin A CHR, we developed in vitro and in vivo oligonucleotide competition assays. Both in vitro transcription and in vivo microinjection experiments demonstrate that a functional difference exists between the composite CCRE/CDE-CHR repressor regions of cell cycle regulated genes such as cyclin A and cdc25C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Philips
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS, UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
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23
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Maira M, Martens C, Philips A, Drouin J. Heterodimerization between members of the Nur subfamily of orphan nuclear receptors as a novel mechanism for gene activation. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:7549-57. [PMID: 10523643 PMCID: PMC84765 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.19.11.7549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 (NGFI-B) is most active in transcription when it is interacting with a cognate DNA sequence as a homodimer. Further, we have shown that the target for Nur77 dimers, the Nur response element (NurRE), is responsive to physiological stimuli in both endocrine and lymphoid cells, whereas other DNA targets of Nur77 action are not. The Nur77 subfamily also includes two related receptors, Nur-related factor 1 (Nurr1) and neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR-1). Often, more than one member of this subfamily is induced in response to extracellular signals. We now show that Nur77 and Nurr1 form heterodimers in vitro in the presence or absence of NurRE, and we have documented interactions between these proteins in vivo by using a two-hybrid system in mammalian cells. These heterodimers synergistically enhance transcription from NurRE reporters in comparison to that seen with homodimers. The naturally occurring NurRE from the pro-opiomelanocortin gene preferentially binds and activates transcription in the presence of Nur77 homo- or heterodimers, while a consensus NurRE sequence does not show this preference. Taken together, the data indicate that members of the Nur77 subfamily are most potent as heterodimers and that different dimers exhibit target sequence preference. Thus, we propose that a combinatorial code relying on specific NurRE sequences might be responsible for the activation of subsets of target genes by one of the members of the Nur77 subfamily of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maira
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
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24
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Le Cam L, Polanowska J, Fabbrizio E, Olivier M, Philips A, Ng Eaton E, Classon M, Geng Y, Sardet C. Timing of cyclin E gene expression depends on the regulated association of a bipartite repressor element with a novel E2F complex. EMBO J 1999; 18:1878-90. [PMID: 10202151 PMCID: PMC1171273 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/18.7.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient induction of the cyclin E gene in late G1 gates progression into S. We show that this event is controlled via a cyclin E repressor module (CERM), a novel bipartite repressor element located near the cyclin E transcription start site. CERM consists of a variant E2F-binding site and a contiguous upstream AT-rich sequence which cooperate during G0/G1 to delay cyclin E expression until late G1. CERM binds the protein complex CERC, which disappears upon progression through G0-G1 and reappears upon entry into the following G1. CERC disappearance correlates kinetically with the liberation of the CERM module in vivo and cyclin E transcriptional induction. CERC contains E2F4/DP1 and a pocket protein, and sediments faster than classical E2F complexes in a glycerol gradient, suggesting the presence of additional components in a novel high molecular weight complex. Affinity purified CERC binds to CERM but not to canonical E2F sites, thus displaying behavior different from known E2F complexes. In cells nullizygous for members of the Rb family, CERC is still detectable and CERM-dependent repression is functional. Thus p130, p107 and pRb function interchangeably in CERC. Notably, the CERC-CERM complex dissociates prematurely in pRb-/- cells in correspondence with the premature expression of cyclin E. Thus, we identify a new regulatory module that controls repression of G1-specific genes in G0/G1.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Le Cam
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, UMR 5535, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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25
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Philips A, Huet X, Plet A, Rech J, Vié A, Blanchard JM. Anchorage-dependent expression of cyclin A in primary cells requires a negative DNA regulatory element and a functional Rb. Oncogene 1999; 18:1819-25. [PMID: 10086336 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many cells, when cultured in suspension, fail to express cyclin A, a regulatory component of cell cycle kinases cdc2 and cdk2 and as a consequence, do not enter S phase. However, many cell type-specific differences are disclosed between not only normal and transformed cells, but also between cell lines whose proliferation is strictly anchorage-dependent. These apparent discrepancies are seen in established cell lines most probably because of adaptative events that have occurred during cell culture. We have therefore used primary cells to understand how cyclin A transcription is controlled by cell anchorage properties. To this aim, we have used embryonic fibroblasts from either wild type, Rb(-/-) or p107(-/-)/p130(-/-) mice and tested the effect of an ectopic expression of Rb mutants. In the experiments reported here, we show that anchorage-dependent expression of cyclin A (i) is reflected by the in vivo occupancy of a negative DNA regulatory element previously shown to be instrumental in the down regulation of cyclin A transcription in quiescent cells (Cell Cycle Responsive Element: CCRE) (ii) requires a functional Rb but neither p107 nor p130 (iii) mutation of the CCRE abolishes both adhesion-dependent regulation and response to Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Philips
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS, UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
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26
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Philips A, Huet X, Plet A, Rech J, Vignais ML, Vié A, Blanchard JM. [Cyclin A: a good markers for the study of cell cycle control and tumor progression?]. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 1998; 192:223-30. [PMID: 9759365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin A is a positive regulatory component of kinases required for the progression through S phase and for the transition between the G2 and M phases of the cell division cycle. Previous studies conducted in established cell lines and in primary human T lymphocytes, have demonstrated that the promoter of its gene is under negative transcriptional control in quiescent cells. The DNA sequences mediating this repression have been delineated through in vitro mutagenesis as well as in vivo genomic footprinting experiments. Indirect observations suggest the involvement of proteins related to the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRb). Using primary fibroblasts from either pRb(-/-), p107(-/-), p130(-/-) or p107(-/-)/p130(-/-) mice, we show in this work that mutation of the pRb gene has the more profound effect on cyclin A transcription. Finally, normal fibroblasts cultured in suspension fail to express cyclin A and can no longer enter S phase and proliferate, revealing thus a dependence of cyclin A expression on cell anchorage. Our work suggests the existence of at least two sets of regulators controlling cell cycle progression. On the one hand, proteins like cyclin D1, whose expression is a direct consequence of the activation of the ras signalling pathway and on the other hand, proteins like cyclin A which are secondary response effectors. As a result, growth factor stimulation leads to a transcriptional activation of the former set, while the transcription of the latter set is under the control of a repressor whose effect is alleviated after triggering the ras cascade. The status of pRb thus dictates whether cells continue their progression through the cell cycle when ras is mutated, probably by allowing the uncontrolled expression of critical genes like cyclin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Philips
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5535
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27
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Philips A, Teyssier C, Galtier F, Rivier-Covas C, Rey JM, Rochefort H, Chalbos D. FRA-1 expression level modulates regulation of activator protein-1 activity by estradiol in breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 1998; 12:973-85. [PMID: 9658402 DOI: 10.1210/mend.12.7.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the effect of estradiol on activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity in estrogen receptor positive (ER alpha+) and estrogen receptor negative (ER alpha-) human breast cancer cell lines transiently transfected with the AP-1-responsive reporter plasmid AP-1-TK-CAT and an ER alpha expression vector. While estradiol increased AP-1 activity in the ER alpha+ cell lines MCF7, ZR75.1, and T47D, it decreased (MDA-MB231 and BT20 cells) or had no significant effect (MDA-MB435 cells) on AP-1-mediated transcription in ER alpha- cells. Estradiol also inhibited AP-1 activity in ER alpha-MDA-MB231 cells stably transfected with ER alpha and in which ER alpha levels are close to those found in MCF7. Use of ER alpha mutant expression vectors demonstrated that the DNA-binding domain of ER alpha was needed for stimulation or inhibition of AP-1 activity by estradiol but suggested that ER alpha binding to estrogen-responsive elements was not required for these effects. Changes in regulation paralleled quantitative and qualitative changes in protein binding to AP-1 sites, as demonstrated by gel shift assay: protein binding was greater and DNA/protein complexes migrated faster for ER alpha--than for ER alpha+ cells. In fact, by Northern blot, a high level of Fra-1 mRNA was found in BT20 and MDA-MB231 cells as compared with ER alpha+ cells, and MDA-MB435 cells showed an intermediary level of expression. The differential expression of Fra-1 in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 cells was confirmed at the protein level by supershift experiments. In addition, overexpression of Fra-1 in MCF7 cells decreased the positive effect of estradiol while inhibition of Fra-1 expression in MDA-MB231 cells, by transient transfection of the Fra-1 antisense expression vector, abolished the negative effect of the hormone. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ER alpha- breast cancer cell lines differ from ER+ cells by a high level of AP-1 DNA-binding activity due, at least in part, to high Fra-1 constitutive expression. High Fra-1 concentration is crucial for the negative regulation of AP-1 activity by estradiol and thus may take part in estradiol-induced inhibition of cell proliferation in ER alpha- breast cancer cells transfected with ER alpha expression construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Philips
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Hormones and Cancer (U 148), Montpellier, France
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Drouin J, Maira M, Philips A. Novel mechanism of action for Nur77 and antagonism by glucocorticoids: a convergent mechanism for CRH activation and glucocorticoid repression of POMC gene transcription. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 65:59-63. [PMID: 9699858 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(97)00180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Whereas orphan nuclear receptors of the Nur77 (NGFI-B) subfamily were previously known to act on transcription as monomers or as heterodimers with RXR, we have recently shown that Nur77 homodimers potently activate transcription upon interaction with a novel palindromic response element, the NurRE. In fact, reporter plasmids containing the NurRE respond to physiological stimuli in conditions where the NBRE, a binding site for Nur77 monomers, does not. Nur77 and its related receptors were shown to be important mediators for control of apoptosis induced by the T-cell receptor, and they also mediate the effect of the hypothalamic hormone CRH on transcription of the pituitary pro-opiomelanocotin (POMC) gene. In both systems, glucocorticoids antagonize the stimulatory effects of Nur77 on transcription by a mechanism that involves protein:protein interactions. Thus, the Nur77 signalling pathway appears to be a point of convergence for stimulatory signals and glucocorticoid repression in both endocrine and lymphoid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Drouin
- Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Que., Canada.
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29
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Abstract
Cyclin A is a positive regulatory component of kinases required for the progression through S phase and for the transition between the G2 and M phases of the cell division cycle. Previous studies have demonstrated that the promoter of its gene is under transcriptional repression in quiescent cells. Whereas the DNA sequences mediating this effect have been clearly delineated, the nature of the proteins acting in trans is still debated. Indirect observations suggest the involvement of proteins related to the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRb). However, the precise role of these proteins has been difficult to assess, since most experiments designed to analyse their function have been carried out in transformed cell lines. Nevertheless, a current model has emerged whereby the role of the p130 protein would be restricted to resting and early G1 cells and p107, absent in quiescent cells, would be involved later in the control of the G1/S transition, whilst pRb would be effective throughout the cell cycle. We show here that cyclin A transcriptional inhibition is relieved in primary fibroblasts from pRb(-/-) embryos and not in fibroblasts from p13O(-/-), p107(-/-) or even p130(-/-)/p107(-/-) double mutant embryos. This suggests a unique role for pRb in controlling the extinction of specific genes in G0, providing thus the first example of non-overlapping functions achieved by the different pocket proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Philips
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS, UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
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Philips A, Lesage S, Gingras R, Maira MH, Gauthier Y, Hugo P, Drouin J. Novel dimeric Nur77 signaling mechanism in endocrine and lymphoid cells. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17:5946-51. [PMID: 9315652 PMCID: PMC232442 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.17.10.5946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the nuclear receptor family, Nur77 (also known as NGFI-B) distinguishes itself by its ability to bind a target sequence (the NBRE) as a monomer and by its role in T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced apoptosis in T cells. We now report on a novel mechanism of Nur77 action that is mediated by homodimers. These dimers bind a Nur77 response element (NurRE), which has been identified as a target of CRH-induced Nur77 in the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene promoter. Both halves of the palindromic NurRE are required for responsiveness to physiological signals, like CRH in pituitary-derived AtT-20 cells. Similarly, in T-cell hybridomas, TCR activation induced NurRE but not NBRE reporters. The in vivo signaling function of Nur77 thus appears to be mediated by dimers acting on a palindromic response element of unusual spacing between its half-sites. This mechanism may represent the biologically relevant paradigm of action for this subfamily of orphan nuclear receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/physiology
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dimerization
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Hybridomas
- Mice
- Mutation
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- Pituitary Gland, Anterior/cytology
- Pituitary Gland, Anterior/physiology
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- A Philips
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Philips A, Maira M, Mullick A, Chamberland M, Lesage S, Hugo P, Drouin J. Antagonism between Nur77 and glucocorticoid receptor for control of transcription. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17:5952-9. [PMID: 9315653 PMCID: PMC232443 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.17.10.5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two important functions of glucocorticoids (Gc), namely, suppression of immune system function and feedback repression of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, are mediated through repression of gene transcription. Previous studies have indicated that this repression is exerted in part through antagonism between the glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and the AP-1 family of transcription factors. However, this mechanism could not account for repression of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene, an important regulator of the HPA axis. Our recent identification of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 as a mediator of CRH induction of POMC transcription led us, in the present work, to show that Gc antagonize this positive signal at two levels. First, Gc partly blunt the CRH induction of Nur77 mRNA, and second, they antagonize Nur77-dependent transcription. GR repression is exerted by antagonism of Nur77 action on the NurRE element of the POMC gene. Gc antagonism of NurRE activity was observed in response to physiological stimuli in both endocrine (CRH induction of POMC) and lymphoid (T-cell receptor activation) cells. In transfection experiments, transcriptional activation by Nur77 and the repressor activity of liganded GR titrated each other on their cognate DNA target. In vitro binding experiments as well as mutation analysis of GR suggest that the mechanism of GR antagonism of Nur77 is very similar to that of the antagonism between GR and AP-1. The convergence of positive signals mediated by Nur77 (and also probably by related family members) and negative signals exerted by GR appears to be a general mechanism for control of transcription, since it is active in both endocrine and lymphoid cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA, Recombinant
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Hybridomas
- Mice
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- Pituitary Gland/cytology
- Pituitary Gland/physiology
- Pro-Opiomelanocortin/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation/drug effects
- Transcriptional Activation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Philips
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Manassiev N, Davies W, Leonard T, Pavlovich B, Philips A, Tenekedjiev K. R-068. Initial results from the comparison of recombinant FSH and urinary FSH in an IVF programme. Hum Reprod 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/12.suppl_2.265-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Plet A, Huet X, Algarté M, Rech J, Imbert J, Philips A, Blanchard JM. Relief of cyclin A gene transcriptional inhibition during activation of human primary T lymphocytes via CD2 and CD28 adhesion molecules. Oncogene 1997; 14:2575-83. [PMID: 9191057 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin A transcription is cell cycle regulated and induced by cell proliferative signals. To understand the mechanisms underlined in this regulation in normal human cells, we have analysed in vivo protein-DNA interactions at the Cyclin A locus in primary T lymphocytes. Stimulation of purified T lymphocytes by a combination of monoclonal antibodies directed at CD2 and CD28 adhesion molecules gives rise to a long lasting proliferation in the absence of accessory cells. Cyclin A was observed after 4 days of costimulation with anti CD2 + CD28 whereas stimulation by anti CD2 or anti CD28 alone was not effective. In vivo genomic DMS footprinting revealed upstream of the major transcription initiation sites, the presence of at least three protein binding sites, two of which were constitutively occupied. They bind in vitro respectively ATF-1 and NF-Y proteins. The third site was occupied in quiescent cells or in cells stimulated by anti CD2 or anti CD28 alone. The mitogenic combination of anti CD2 + anti CD28 released the footprint as cells were committed to proliferation. Consistent with theses results, nuclear extracts prepared from quiescent cells formed a specific complex with this element, whereas extracts prepared from cells treated with anti CD2 + anti CD28 failed to do so after cells entered a proliferative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Plet
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5535, France
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Gooch WM, Philips A, Rhoades R, Rosenberg R, Schaten R, Starobin S. Comparison of the efficacy, safety and acceptability of cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate in acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16:S21-4. [PMID: 9041624 DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199702001-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of a beta-lactamase stable antibiotic is called for in cases of acute otitis media (AOM) likely to be caused by beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis. Two beta-lactamase-stable agents commonly used for empirical treatment of AOM are amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefixime. METHODS A multicenter, randomized clinical trial compared cefixime (CFX; 8 mg/kg once daily) with amoxicillin/clavulanate (A/C; 40 mg/kg/day in three divided doses) for the treatment of children with AOM. Three hundred thirteen children were randomly assigned to a 10-day course of either CFX (n = 158) or A/C (n = 155). Based on history, physical examinations and otoscopic and tympanometric assessments, clinical responses were evaluated as cure, improvement, failure, relapse or nonevaluable. Compliance and patient/parent acceptability were also analyzed. RESULTS Overall favorable clinical responses (cure plus improvement) were comparable post-therapy for the two treatments (CFX = 76%; A/C = 77%). Significant differences in response rates for both treatments were noted among different geographic regions, with the highest response rates observed in the Northeast and South. Acceptability of CFX was significantly better than that of A/C (P = 0.0001), and the adverse experience rate was lower (P = 0.001). The most frequently reported adverse experiences were diarrhea (CFX 15.2%, A/C 29.7%) and vomiting (CFX 3.2%, A/C 10.32%). Relapse rates were 26% for CFX and 29% for A/C. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that CFX has comparable clinical efficacy and a better adverse events profile than A/C when used to treat AOM of childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Gooch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
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Coghill RW, Steward J, Philips A. Extra low frequency electric and magnetic fields in the bedplace of children diagnosed with leukaemia: a case-control study. Eur J Cancer Prev 1996; 5:153-8. [PMID: 8818603 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-199606000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective case-control study of 56 cases and 56 controls measured extra low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields between 2000 h and 0800 h in the bedplaces of children with leukaemia. Mean ELF electric field (E-field) levels found in case homes of 13.9 Vm-1 (SD: 13.6) were significantly higher (P < 0.01) compared with only 7.3 Vm-1 (SD: 12.9) in controls matched for age and sex. Moreover, applying conditional logistic regression, a dose-response relationship emerged between E-field exposure and incidence: above 20 Vm-1 the relative risk was 4.69 (95% CI: 1.17-27.78; P = 0.025), whereas at levels of 10-19 Vm-1 it was 2.40 (95% CI: 0.79-8.09) and at levels of 5-9 Vm-1 it was only 1.46 (95% CI: 0.47-5.10). By contrast, similar readings of the rms ELF magnetic field found no significant case-control differences: mean levels in cases' homes of 0.070 microT (SD: 0.070) compared with 0.057 microT (SD: 0.038) in controls. Although there were imperfections in the study design, it is concluded that the importance of the E-field may have been overlooked in epidemiological studies to date.
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Chalbos D, Philips A, Rochefort H. Genomic cross-talk between the estrogen receptor and growth factor regulatory pathways in estrogen target tissues. Semin Cancer Biol 1994; 5:361-8. [PMID: 7849264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation and differentiation are modulated by both estrogens and growth factors. Even though these two kinds of effectors interact with receptors localized in different compartments of the cell, their nuclear end points are often on the same genes. We review here the first evidence for transcriptional interference between these two regulatory pathways which might be essential in understanding the control of cell proliferation and invasion in human estrogen-responsive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chalbos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Hormones et Cancer (U 148), Montpellier, France
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Philips A. Risk of cancer and exposure to power lines. Still no answers. BMJ 1994; 308:1162-3. [PMID: 8031373 PMCID: PMC2540148 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.308.6937.1162a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Chalbos D, Philips A, Galtier F, Rochefort H. Synthetic antiestrogens modulate induction of pS2 and cathepsin-D messenger ribonucleic acid by growth factors and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in MCF7 cells. Endocrinology 1993; 133:571-6. [PMID: 8344199 DOI: 10.1210/endo.133.2.8344199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In MCF7 human breast cancer cells, the antiestrogens 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen and ICI 164,384 inhibit the mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). These growth factors also stimulate the expression of cathepsin-D and pS2 genes. Therefore, we studied the effects of antiestrogens on growth factor induction of pS2 and cathepsin-D mRNA. The two antiestrogens strongly inhibited the transcriptional induction of pS2 by growth factors. On the contrary, estradiol and IGF-I or EGF had an additive effect on pS2 mRNA accumulation. Growth factor induction of cathepsin-D was also inhibited by ICI 164,384. By contrast, 4-hydroxytamoxifen had an agonist effect on cathepsin-D and an additive effect on IGF-I-induced mRNA. When 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) was used instead of growth factors, similar effects of 4-hydroxytamoxifen and ICI 164,384 were obtained on pS2 (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and 8-Br-cAMP) and cathepsin-D (8-Br-cAMP) induction. A mechanism based on the classical competitive inhibition by antiestrogens of estrogen binding and action on the estrogen receptor was very unlikely, as 1) no antigrowth factor activity was obtained with R5020, which was a potent inhibitor of estrogen induction of pS2 and cathepsin-D mRNA; 2) in the Ishikawa endometrial cancer cell line, the cathepsin-D gene is unresponsive to estrogen, but was inhibited by antiestrogen after its induction by EGF or 8-Br-cAMP; and 3) the residual estrogen concentration in cells was too low to induce the expression of estrogen-specific genes. However, antiestrogens did not inhibit the expression of all genes induced by growth factors, as they were without effect on IGF-I induction of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA. These results demonstrate that antiestrogens can modulate the transcription of some growth factor-induced genes and strongly suggest that this effect is not due to interference with residual estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chalbos
- Unité Hormones et Cancer (U-148), INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Philips A, Chalbos D, Rochefort H. Estradiol increases and anti-estrogens antagonize the growth factor-induced activator protein-1 activity in MCF7 breast cancer cells without affecting c-fos and c-jun synthesis. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:14103-8. [PMID: 8314777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In estrogen receptor positive human breast cancer cells, anti-estrogens inhibit the mitogenic effect of growth factors in the absence of estrogens. As activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity is one of the first nuclear events following growth factor receptor activation, we studied the effects of estrogens and anti-estrogens on growth factor-induced AP-1 activity using transient transfection of the AP-1-responsive gene (AP-1)4-TK-CAT into MCF7 cells. The growth factor-induced AP-1 response was increased by estradiol and inhibited by anti-estrogens in conditions where growth factor-induced c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels were unchanged by hormone and anti-hormone treatments. The same regulations were obtained when the AP-1 response was directly induced by co-transfection of c-fos and c-jun expression vectors. Co-transfection of the wild-type estrogen receptor HEGO amplified both effects. Inhibition of AP-1 activity by anti-estrogens was unlikely to be explained by the presence of residual estrogens in MCF7 cells. (i) anti-estrogens inhibited AP-1 activity in conditions where they had no effect on basal ERE-mediated activity levels, whereas estradiol was as efficient in stimulating both activities. (ii) The relative efficacy of the two anti-estrogens, OH-tamoxifen and ICI 164,384 in inhibiting these two activities was different; OH-tamoxifen was more efficient in inhibiting ERE-mediated activity, whereas ICI 164,384 was more efficient in trans-repressing AP-1-mediated activity. We conclude that in conditions where c-fos and c-jun syntheses were not affected, the estrogen receptor cooperated with growth factors to stimulate the AP-1 response when activated by estrogens but inhibited AP-1-mediated transcription when occupied by anti-estrogens.
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Philips A, Chalbos D, Rochefort H. Estradiol increases and anti-estrogens antagonize the growth factor-induced activator protein-1 activity in MCF7 breast cancer cells without affecting c-fos and c-jun synthesis. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Coleman MS, Danton MJ, Philips A. Adenosine deaminase and immune dysfunction. Biochemical correlates defined by molecular analysis throughout a disease course. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985; 451:54-65. [PMID: 3878121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb27096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Fuller SA, Philips A, Coleman MS. Affinity purification and refined structural characterization of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Biochem J 1985; 231:105-13. [PMID: 3904729 PMCID: PMC1152709 DOI: 10.1042/bj2310105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 56 stable murine hybridoma monoclones that produce homogeneous antibodies against human or calf terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase have been established. All of the antibodies exhibited specific binding to various Mr forms of terminal transferase and eight possessed neutralizing activity. Results are presented that permitted characterization of ten of these antibodies with respect to their immunoglobulin class, their recognition of calf or human terminal-transferase Mr species by immunoblotting techniques and their recognition of distinct antigenic sites. Terminal transferase was purified in a single step by using an immunoaffinity column constructed with a monoclonal antibody exhibiting a high binding affinity for the enzyme. Single monoclonal antibodies were also used to bind selectively to terminal-transferase antigen in tissue slices and individual cells.
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