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Abstract
We consider the problem of optimal partisan gerrymandering: a legislator in charge of redrawing the boundaries of equal-sized congressional districts wants to ensure the best electoral outcome for his own party. The so-called gerrymanderer faces two issues: the number of districts is finite and there is uncertainty at the level of each district. Solutions to this problem consists in cracking favorable voters in as many districts as possible to get tight majorities, and in packing unfavorable voters in the remaining districts. The optimal payoff of the gerrymanderer tends to increase as the uncertainty decreases and the number of districts is large. With an infinite number of districts, this problem boils down to concavifying a function, similarly to the optimal Bayesian persuasion problem. We introduce a measure of fairness and show that optimal gerrymandering is accordingly closer to uniform districting (full cracking), which is most unfair, than to community districting (full packing), which is very fair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lagarde
- HEC Paris, 1 rue de la Libération, 78351 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Tristan Tomala
- HEC Paris and GREGHEC, 1 rue de la Libération, 78351 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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2
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Lagarde A, Dagès N, Nemoto T, Démery V, Bartolo D, Gibaud T. Colloidal transport in bacteria suspensions: from bacteria collision to anomalous and enhanced diffusion. Soft Matter 2020; 16:7503-7512. [PMID: 32725023 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Swimming microorganisms interact and alter the dynamics of Brownian particles and tend to modify their transport properties. In particular, dilute colloids coupled to a bath of swimming cells generically display enhanced diffusion on long time scales. This transport dynamics stems from a subtle interplay between the active and passive particles that still resists our understanding despite decades of intense research. Here, we tackle the root of the problem by providing a quantitative characterisation of the single scattering events between a colloid and a bacterium, a smooth running E. coli. Based on our experiments, we build a minimal model that quantitatively predicts the geometry of the scattering trajectories, and enhanced colloidal diffusion at long times. This quantitative confrontation between theory and experiments elucidates the microscopic origin of enhanced transport. Collisions are solely ruled by stochastic contact interactions and the ratio of the drag coefficients of the colloid and the bacteria. Such description accounts both for genuine anomalous diffusion at short times and enhanced diffusion at long times with no ballistic regime at any scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lagarde
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Noémie Dagès
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Takahiro Nemoto
- Philippe Meyer Institute for Theoretical Physics, Physics Department, École Normale Supérieure & PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Vincent Démery
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France. and Gulliver, UMR CNRS 7083, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Denis Bartolo
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Thomas Gibaud
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France.
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3
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Cuny T, Mac TT, Romanet P, Dufour H, Morange I, Albarel F, Lagarde A, Castinetti F, Graillon T, North MO, Barlier A, Brue T. Acromegaly in Carney complex. Pituitary 2019; 22:456-466. [PMID: 31264077 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-019-00974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Carney complex (CNC) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome, characterized by mucocutaneous pigmentation, cardiac, cutaneous myxomas and endocrine overactivity. It is generally caused by inactivating mutations in the PRKAR1A (protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha) gene. Acromegaly is an infrequent manifestation of CNC, reportedly diagnosed in 10% of patients. METHODS We here report the case of a patient who was concomitantly diagnosed with Carney complex, due to a new mutation in PRKAR1A ((NM_002734.3:c.80_83del, p.(Ile27Lysfs*101 in exon 2), and acromegaly. In parallel, we conducted an extensive review of published case reports of acromegaly in the setting of CNC. RESULTS The 43-year-old patient was diagnosed with an acromegaly due to a GH-secreting pituitary microadenoma resistant to somatostatin analogs. He underwent transsphenoidal surgery in our tertiary referral center, which found a pure GH-secreting adenoma. In the literature, we identified 57 cases (24 men, 33 women) of acromegaly in CNC patients. The median age at diagnosis was 28.8 ± 12 year and there were 6 cases of gigantism. Acromegaly revealed CNC in only 4 patients. 24 patients had a microadenoma and two carried pituitary hyperplasia and/or multiple adenomas, suggesting that CNC may result in a higher proportion of microadenoma as compared to non-CNC acromegaly. CONCLUSIONS Although it rarely reveals CNC, acromegaly is diagnosed at a younger age in this setting, with a higher proportion of microadenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cuny
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital La Conception, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France.
| | - T T Mac
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital La Conception, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - P Romanet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hospital La Conception, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - H Dufour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital La Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - I Morange
- Department of Endocrinology, APHM, Hospital La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - F Albarel
- Department of Endocrinology, APHM, Hospital La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - A Lagarde
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hospital La Conception, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - F Castinetti
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital La Conception, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - T Graillon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital La Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - M O North
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, APHP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - A Barlier
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hospital La Conception, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - T Brue
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital La Conception, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, MMG, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
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4
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Chanez B, Appay R, Guille A, Lagarde A, Bequet C, Jiguet-Jiglaire C, Graillon T, Dufour H, Figarella-Branger D, Chinot O, Tabouret E. P13.09 Genomic analysis of paired IDHwt glioblastoma (GB) reveals recurrent alterations of MPDZ at relapse after radiotherapy and temozolomide (RTCT). Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz126.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
GB are highly aggressive tumors which systematically relapse. Our objective was to identify disease progression mechanisms and genomic drivers of GB treatment resistance.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Ten paired frozen tumors from initial and recurrent surgery after RTCT were screened by CGH Array. Next, NGS of the selected genes was performed on 19 paired tumors (38 samples). Molecular alterations were correlated with patient data. TCGA was used to characterize the molecular profile of MPDZ.
RESULTS
Nineteen IDHwt GB patients with a median age of 54.5 years (37.2–72.8) were included. Using CGH array, unsupervised analysis clustered the whole samples by paired of initial and recurrent tumors. However only 44% of CGH Array alterations were shared between initial and recurrent tumors (amplifications: 55%; deletions: 30%). The new alterations detected at relapse were amplifications in 25% and deletions in 23% of tumors. Two regions corresponding to 171 genes were lost at relapse (p=0.03): 19q13.33 and 19q13.41. Using DAVID genome, 3/171 genes (related to neutrophil chemotactic factors) were identified: FPR1, FPR2, FPR3. Moreover, 24 genes were lost (including MPDZ) and 2 genes were gained in 20% of recurrent tumors. Totally, 29 genes were analyzed by NGS and 4 genes showed pathogenic mutations shared by initial and recurrent tumors: FPR2, REL, TYRP1 and MPDZ. Only MPDZ showed, at relapse, an increasing rate of mutated variants and a new mutation affecting the splicing site. These alterations were independent from classical prognostic factors (age, sexe, karnofsky performans status, MMS and MGMT status) and from patient survivals. To explore MPDZ expression, we used TCGA initial dataset and observed that a lower RNA expression of MPDZ was associated with IDHwt (p<0.001) and grade IV (p<0.001) gliomas, reinforcing the potential pejorative impact of MPDZ loss.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that MPDZ is frequently altered at initial diagnosis with increased alterations in recurrent IDHwt GB after RTCT, suggesting that MPDZ impairment could contribute to the resistance/relapse mechanisms. Further investigations are needed to validate these results. Our results suggest that MPDZ is frequently altered at initial diagnosis with increased alterations in recurrent IDHwt GB after RTCT, suggesting that MPDZ impairment could contribute to the resistance/relapse mechanisms. Further investigations are needed to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chanez
- Timone Hospital- APHM, Marseille, France
| | - R Appay
- Timone Hospital- APHM, Marseille, France
| | - A Guille
- Timone Hospital- APHM, Marseille, France
| | - A Lagarde
- Timone Hospital- APHM, Marseille, France
| | - C Bequet
- Timone Hospital- APHM, Marseille, France
| | | | - T Graillon
- Timone Hospital- APHM, Marseille, France
| | - H Dufour
- Timone Hospital- APHM, Marseille, France
| | | | - O Chinot
- Timone Hospital- APHM, Marseille, France
| | - E Tabouret
- Timone Hospital- APHM, Marseille, France
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5
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Lagarde A, Josserand C, Protière S. The capillary interaction between pairs of granular rafts. Soft Matter 2019; 15:5695-5702. [PMID: 31257397 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When an object is placed at the surface of a liquid, its weight deforms the interface. For two identical spherical objects, such a deformation creates an attractive force, leading to the aggregation of the two-body system. Here, we experimentally investigate the interaction between two granular rafts, formed by the aggregation of dense millimeter-sized beads placed at an oil-water interface. The interfacial deformation created by such a two-dimensional object exceeds by at least an order of magnitude the deformation of a single bead. This leads to unusually high capillary forces which strongly depend on the number of particles. Likewise, because the raft grows in size as more particles are added, the viscous drag experienced increases along with the capillary attraction, leading to a non-trivial dependence of the balance of forces on the number of beads. By studying the relative motion of two granular rafts in relation with the interfacial deformation they generate, we derive a model for the observed speed profiles. With this work, we generalize how the capillary interaction between two non-identical complex structures evolves with their respective geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lagarde
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7190, Institut Jean Le Rond ∂'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | | | - Suzie Protière
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7190, Institut Jean Le Rond ∂'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France.
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6
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Lagarde A, Millot M, Pinon A, Liagre B, Girardot M, Imbert C, Ouk T, Jargeat P, Mambu L. Antiproliferative and antibiofilm potentials of endolichenic fungi associated with the lichen
Nephroma laevigatum. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1044-1058. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lagarde
- Département de Pharmacognosie Laboratoire PEIRENE – EA 7500 Université de Limoges Limoges France
| | - M. Millot
- Département de Pharmacognosie Laboratoire PEIRENE – EA 7500 Université de Limoges Limoges France
| | - A. Pinon
- Laboratoire PEIRENE – EA 7500 Université de Limoges Limoges France
| | - B. Liagre
- Laboratoire PEIRENE – EA 7500 Université de Limoges Limoges France
| | - M. Girardot
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire Écologie et biologie des interactions Université de Poitiers Poitiers France
| | - C. Imbert
- UMR CNRS 7267, Laboratoire Écologie et biologie des interactions Université de Poitiers Poitiers France
| | - T.S. Ouk
- Laboratoire PEIRENE – EA 7500 Université de Limoges Limoges France
| | - P. Jargeat
- UMR 5174 UPS‐CNRS‐IRD, Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique Université de Toulouse 3 Toulouse France
| | - L. Mambu
- Département de Pharmacognosie Laboratoire PEIRENE – EA 7500 Université de Limoges Limoges France
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Granat C, Collart-Dutilleul C, Dauriac O, Lagarde A, Marie-Daragon A. Guide de validation pharmaceutique des prescriptions personnalises de nutrition parentérale pédiatrique. NUTR CLIN METAB 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Falkowski S, Raffy P, Lagarde A, Le Brun-ly V, Venat-bouvet L, Thuillier F, Tubiana-mathieu N. 1746 Oral anticancer agents: Necessity of personalized monitoring of patients. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Dauriac O, Henrion B, Lafaurie M, Ratsimbazafy V, Lagarde A. P079: Qualification de l’automate Exacta Mix 2400 pour la fabrication des poches de nutrition parentérale. NUTR CLIN METAB 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(14)70722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Esteyries S, Perot C, Adelaide J, Imbert M, Lagarde A, Pautas C, Olschwang S, Birnbaum D, Chaffanet M, Mozziconacci MJ. NCOA3, a new fusion partner for MOZ/MYST3 in M5 acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2007; 22:663-5. [PMID: 17805331 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/ultrastructure
- Exons/genetics
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/physiology
- Histone Acetyltransferases/chemistry
- Histone Acetyltransferases/genetics
- Histone Acetyltransferases/physiology
- Humans
- Introns/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3
- Oncogene Fusion
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/chemistry
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Trans-Activators/chemistry
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Translocation, Genetic
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11
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Chevallier B, Lagarde A, Degrelle H, Belaisch-Allart J, Giraudet P, Gallet JP. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 level in amniotic fluid: correlation with birth weight. Biol Neonate 2000; 73:404-6. [PMID: 9618058 DOI: 10.1159/000014003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 is the predominant insulin-like growth factor binding protein in amniotic fluid. It is produced by the decidua and by fetal tissues, and it is thought to play an important role in fetal growth. We have measured this protein in 58 samples of amniotic fluid, from 13 to 19 gestational weeks, and found a highly significant negative correlation with fetal weight at birth. We conclude that the level of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 in amniotic fluid at midpregnancy is a good marker of fetal growth failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chevallier
- Services de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, Boulogne, France
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12
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Lagarde A, Forgách T, Nagy D, Nagy K, Vasas S, Jánoki GA. Diagnostic sensitivity of three tumour markers in non-small cell lung cancer: a pilot study. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur 2000; 3:139-42. [PMID: 14600907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three tumour markers (CEA, CYFRA 21.1 and CA125) were evaluated for diagnostic sensitivity in newly diagnosed, untreated non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS In the 24 patients studied, the tumours were classified histologically as 15 squamous cell carcinomas and 9 adenocarcinomas. In 19 cases, the disease was confined to the lung (M0); 5 cases presented with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis (M1). RESULTS CA125 displayed the best overall sensitivity (62%) and also when only localised disease was evaluated (63%). CA125 was the most sensitive marker for adenocarcinomas (89%), with values differing significantly with histological type (p < 0.005). CYFRA 21.1 was most sensitive in squamous cell carcinomas (53%); this was the only marker which was elevated in all cases involving metastatic disease, and exhibited a significant correlation with stage (p<0.02). CEA presented the poorest overall sensitivity (42%). The overall sensitivity of the three-tumour marker association was 79% and the best combination of two markers was CYFRA 21.1 + CA125 (75%). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study allows recommendation of the associated use of these two markers as first choice of diagnostic aid in non-small cell lung cancer. Further measurements, including specificity studies in benign lung diseases, should be performed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lagarde
- Department of Applied Radioisotopes, Fodor József National Centre of Public Health, Frédéric Joliot-Curie National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Stern H, Lagarde A. Genetics of hereditary colon cancer: a model for prevention. Can J Surg 1998; 41:345-50. [PMID: 9793501 PMCID: PMC3949772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accompanying the explosion of genetic information about cancer is the technology to allow a better understanding of carcinogenesis and tools that can be exploited in the diagnosis and management of cancers. The familial forms of colorectal cancer, including familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer offer the most tangible examples of potential improvements in mortality and morbidity incorporating molecular markers. This article reviews the current direct applications of molecular genetics in identifying the risk, prevention and management of colon cancer. The limitations and current controversies in the field are discussed, including research strategies being adopted to solve the remaining problems. Parallel strategies in familial breast cancer and ovarian cancer are being developed to bring the medical profession into the molecular age of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stern
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ont
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14
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Desport JC, Pelagatti V, Hoedt B, Lagarde A, Courat L, Sautereau D, Pillegand B. [Use of a medium and long chain triglyceride mixture for parenteral nutrition in a university hospital: results of an internal audit]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1998; 22:419-24. [PMID: 9762272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether a medium and long chain triglyceride mixture for parenteral nutrition is used in accordance with indications and contraindications in hospital practice. METHODS Patient data recorded in 30 consecutive patients included illness, nutritional status, laboratory findings before nutrition as well as indications and contraindications for parenteral nutrition. RESULTS When expressed in g.kg-1.day-1 maximal recommended doses of the mixture were exceeded in 32% but there was no excess when expressed in g.kg-1.hr-1. Serious hepatic insufficiency was present in 11% of the patients, 38% had hypertriglyceridemia and one had serious coagulopathy. There were 3 contraindications for the mixture. CONCLUSION Indications for using this emulsion were respected, but there were contraindications in 45% of the cases. These contraindications are however questionable as is the daily dosage. Because the mixture seems better for use in many cases of parenteral nutrition, it would appear best to discuss the prescription case by case.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Desport
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Nutrition, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges
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15
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Desport JC, Hoedt B, Pelagatti V, Lagarde A, Lorieul F, Chalmel D, Sultan F, Feiss P. Twenty-nine day study of stability for six different parenteral nutrition mixtures. Critical Care 1997. [PMCID: PMC3495528 DOI: 10.1186/cc82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Shadow moiré shows contour lines of an object with respect to a master grating plane; they result from the interference between the lines of the master grid and their shadow projected by a point source of light. In best cases the sensitivity of this procedure is a few tenths of a millimeter. The introduction of a phase-shifting procedure gives a better resolution, but the problem in practice is how can we shift the phase of the interferogram into shadow moiré? A complete study is presented showing the influence of different parameters. It is shown that only one possibility is available. Some applications to threedimensional shape reconstructions are presented with an accuracy of 0.01 mm, showing that the potentiality of shadow moiré is greatly improved.
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17
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Lagarde A, Kerebel B, Le Cabellec MT. [Anomalies of enamel formation in subjects with maxillary clefts]. Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol 1989; 32:191-7. [PMID: 2636547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A structural and ultrastructural study of teeth located in the vicinity of maxillary cleft and teeth located outside the cleft region, was made in 12 cases, using correlated light microscopy, microradiography and SEM. All teeth directly involved in cleft process presented gross hypoplasia of the crown where the enamel surface was hypomineralized. Globular calcified masses of different radiodensity were seen on the hypomineralized enamel surface. The teeth located outside the cleft region presented less pronounced anomalies constituted by isolated or group microhypoplasia on hypomineralized enamel. The observation of enamel pearl was not pathognomonic of maxillary cleft.
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18
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Lagarde A, Hoch D. [Sleep and its disorders]. Soins 1989:51-3. [PMID: 2602987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Lagarde A, Kerebel LM, Kerebel B. Structural and ultrastructural study of the teeth in a suspected case of pseudohypoparathyroidism. J Biol Buccale 1989; 17:109-14. [PMID: 2768227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two premolars removed from a 14 year old girl, with suspicion of pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) have been studied, using several of the correlated techniques applied to the study of calcified tissues (light microscopy, microradiography and scanning electron microscopy). Enamel gross and micro hypoplasia, hypomineralization of the enamel surface and dentin hypocalcification were similar to dental abnormalities observed in pseudohypoparathyroidism. Microradiography showed for the first time calcifications present in blood vessels of the dental pulp. Light microscopy and SEM revealed dystrophic globular calcifications within enamel hypoplastic pits. Cemental changes consisting of hypoplasia, aplasia, localized hyperplasia and cementicules were described for the first time. It is suggested that enamel, dentine and pulp abnormalities observed in the present case might be pathognomonic of PHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lagarde
- Unité INSERM 225, Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, Nantes
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20
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Waghorne C, Thomas M, Lagarde A, Kerbel RS, Breitman ML. Genetic evidence for progressive selection and overgrowth of primary tumors by metastatic cell subpopulations. Cancer Res 1988; 48:6109-14. [PMID: 3167857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have exploited random insertions of transfected DNA as unique clonotypic markers to follow cell lineages during primary and metastatic tumor growth of a mouse mammary adenocarcinoma, SP1. Southern analysis was undertaken of primary solid tumors and metastases obtained after injection of a pooled population of individual SP1 transfectants, or reconstituted mixtures of genetically marked metastatic and unmarked nonmetastatic cells. Here we provide evidence for the reproducible selection and eventual overgrowth of primary tumors by genotypically distinct metastatic clones, thereby illustrating that late-state, advanced primary tumors can evolve to become biologically similar, or even identical, to distant metastases. The selective growth advantage of metastatic cells within primary tumors was shown to occur despite the fact that tumors generated by both metastatic and nonmetastatic SP1 cell populations grew at comparable growth rates when injected and analyzed separately. The extent of the local growth advantage manifested by individual metastatic clones varied considerably, from 5- to 50-fold. Clonal overgrowth was also observed whether the tumor cells were injected ectopically, or orthotopically (i.e., into the mammary fat). This type of experimental approach should provide new insights into the dynamics of tumor progression and metastasis, the lineage relationship of primary tumors to metastases, the influence of clonal interactions on tumor behavior, and the physiological changes which are causative of malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Waghorne
- Division of Cancer and Cell Biology, Mt. Sinai Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Fave A, Hirigoyen Y, Lagarde A. [Radiolucent images of the mandibular symphysis]. Chir Dent Fr 1988; 58:67-71. [PMID: 3268377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sadowski I, Pawson T, Lagarde A. v-fps protein-tyrosine kinase coordinately enhances the malignancy and growth factor responsiveness of pre-neoplastic lung fibroblasts. Oncogene 1988; 2:241-7. [PMID: 3281093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The v-fps oncoprotein was expressed in a pre-neoplastic, growth factor-dependent Chinese hamster lung fibroblast line (CCL39) to study its effect on growth controls and on the induction of malignancy. Two transfectants were characterized which expressed low (39FPS-8) or high (51FPS-6) levels of P130gag-f ps protein-tyrosine kinase activity. 39FPS-8 cells still arrested in quiescence when deprived of growth factors, but developed an increased sensitivity to the mitogenic actions of epidermal growth factor (20-fold) and alpha-thrombin (50-fold), although not to insulin. In contrast, 51FPS-6 cells completely escaped growth controls, divided in serum-free medium, and were insensitive to further growth factor stimulation. Both transfectants produced rapidly growing tumors in nude mice that formed pulmonary metastases from a subcutaneous site, unlike the parental cells which are non-metastatic. 51FPS-6 cells were comparatively more efficient than 39FPS-8 cells in colonizing the lungs after intravenous inoculation. The v-fps tyrosine kinase therefore induces a partial to complete relaxation of growth factor-mediated controls on the CCL39 cell cycle, with the extent of factor independence reflecting the amount of P130gag-f ps synthesized. This reduction in growth factor requirements correlates with the capacity of v-fps to confer the attributes of metastatic tumors upon preneoplastic CCL39 fibroblasts. We speculate that increased sensitivity to growth factor stimulation represents a common mechanism by which tumor cells acquire metastatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sadowski
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Mount Sinai Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Seuwen K, Lagarde A, Pouysségur J. Deregulation of hamster fibroblast proliferation by mutated ras oncogenes is not mediated by constitutive activation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C. EMBO J 1988; 7:161-8. [PMID: 2834200 PMCID: PMC454238 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable expression of high levels of activated forms of Haras (T24) or v-Ki-ras by transfection of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CCL39) yielded cells highly tumorigenic in nude mice. Two classes of transformed cells were distinguished, one with moderate p21 expression (10-fold increased) had retained growth factor dependency, the second with higher level of p21 (greater than 50-fold) appeared autonomous for growth. Neither class of transformants expressing Ki-ras or Ha-ras displayed a significant basal activity of polyphosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, measured either in serum-starved cells or during exponential growth in the presence of growth factors of the tyrosine kinase family (EGF, FGF, insulin). In the growth-factor-dependent class of T24-Ha-ras-transfected cells (clone 39THaB), phospholipase C could be stimulated normally by serum, thrombin and AlF-4. In the more growth autonomous class (clones 39THaC and 39Ki9), release of inositol phosphates after stimulation with thrombin or serum was drastically reduced. This desensitization, apparently at the receptor level since the response to AlF-4 persisted, is, however, not specific to ras expression. We observed it to the same degree in polyoma virus-transformed CCL39 cells. Finally, expression of mutated forms of p21 ras did not abrogate the sensitivity of phospholipase C activation to pertussis toxin. We conclude that the transforming potential of activated forms of p21ras does not result from persistent activation of phospholipase C and that ras GTP-binding proteins cannot substitute for Gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Seuwen
- Centre de Biochimie, Université de Nice, Faculté des Sciences, Parc Valrose, France
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Lagarde A, Florian M. [Murine cloned cells related to basophil-mast cell granulocytes, spontaneously cytotoxic toward tumor cells]. C R Seances Acad Sci III 1982; 295:287-92. [PMID: 6817865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two independent cloned cell lines were derived following the in vitro expansion of spleen and bone-marrow cells suspensions from DBA/2 Mice in the presence of a conditioned medium containing interleukin II. They exhibit a spontaneous cytotoxicity towards two tumors of leukemic origin. The presence of cytoplasmic granules, their staining properties, the typing of surface markers and enzyme activities suggest that they belong to the basophil-mast cell lineage.
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Lagarde A. Evidence for an electrogenic 3-deoxy-2-oxo-D-gluconate--proton co-transport driven by the protonmotive force in Escherichia coli K12. Biochem J 1977; 168:211-21. [PMID: 23116 PMCID: PMC1183754 DOI: 10.1042/bj1680211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is presented indicating that the carrier-mediated uptake of 3-deoxy-2-oxo-D-gluconate and D-glucuronate in Escherichia coli K12 is driven by the deltapH and deltapsi components of the protonmotive force. 1. Approximately two protons enter the cells with each sugar molecule, independent of the sugar and the strain used. 2. In respiring cells, the magnitude of the pH gradient alone, as measured by distribution of [3H]acetate, appears to be insufficient to account for the chemical gradient of 3-deoxy-2-oxo-D-gluconate that is developed between pH 6.0 and 8.0. 3. If the external pH is varied between 5.5 and 8.0, 3-deoxy-2-oxo-D-gluconate uptake is gradually inhibited by valinomycin plus K+ ions, whereas the inhibition caused by nigericin is concomitantly relieved, thus reflecting the relative contribution of deltapH and deltapsi to the total protonmotive force at each external pH. 4. 3-Deoxy-2-oxo-D-gluconate can be transiently accumulated into isolated membrane vesicles in response to an artificially induced pH gradient. The process is stimulated when the membrane potential is collapsed by valinomycin in the presence of K+ ions.
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Lagarde A. [Active transport: modulation of output flow as a function of energetic coupling]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1974; 279:97-100. [PMID: 4216419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Stoeber F, Lagarde A, Nemoz G, Novel G, Novel M, Portalier R, Pouyssegur J, Robert-Baudouy J. [Metabolism of hexuronides and hexuronates in Escherichia coli K12: physiologic and genetic aspects of its regulation]. Biochimie 1974; 56:199-213. [PMID: 4367415 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(74)80379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pouysségur J, Lagarde A. [2-Keto-3-deoxy-gluconate transport system in E. coli K 12: map location of a structural gene and of its operator]. Mol Gen Genet 1973; 121:163-80. [PMID: 4571523 DOI: 10.1007/bf00277530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Lagarde A, Pouysségur J, Stoeber F. [Accumulation of D glucuronate by the transport system of 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate in Escherichia coli K 12]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1972; 275:1831-4. [PMID: 4629582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Colobert L, Lagarde A. [Stimulation of adenyl-cyclase in lysates of human circulating lymphocytes under the influence of phytohemagglutinin or antilymphocyte serum]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1970; 271:726-9. [PMID: 4320288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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