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Clarke A, Llabona IM, Khalid N, Hulvey D, Irvin A, Adams N, Heine HS, Eshraghi A. Tolfenpyrad displays Francisella-targeted antibiotic activity that requires an oxidative stress response regulator for sensitivity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0271323. [PMID: 37800934 PMCID: PMC10848828 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02713-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Francisella species are highly pathogenic bacteria that pose a threat to global health security. These bacteria can be made resistant to antibiotics through facile methods, and we lack a safe and protective vaccine. Given their history of development as bioweapons, new treatment options must be developed to bolster public health preparedness. Here, we report that tolfenpyrad, a pesticide that is currently in use worldwide, effectively inhibits the growth of Francisella. This drug has an extensive history of use and a plethora of safety and toxicity data, making it a good candidate for development as an antibiotic. We identified mutations in Francisella novicida that confer resistance to tolfenpyrad and characterized a transcriptional regulator that is required for sensitivity to both tolfenpyrad and reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Clarke
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Isabelle M. Llabona
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nimra Khalid
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Danielle Hulvey
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexis Irvin
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nicole Adams
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Henry S. Heine
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Aria Eshraghi
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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2
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Ghasemieshkaftaki M, Vasquez I, Eshraghi A, Gamperl AK, Santander J. Comparative Genomic Analysis of a Novel Vibrio sp. Isolated from an Ulcer Disease Event in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar). Microorganisms 2023; 11:1736. [PMID: 37512908 PMCID: PMC10385127 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcer diseases are a recalcitrant issue at Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture cage-sites across the North Atlantic region. Classical ulcerative outbreaks (also called winter ulcer disease) refer to a skin infection caused by Moritella viscosa. However, several bacterial species are frequently isolated from ulcer disease events, and it is unclear if other undescribed pathogens are implicated in ulcer disease in Atlantic salmon. Although different polyvalent vaccines are used against M. viscosa, ulcerative outbreaks are continuously reported in Atlantic salmon in Canada. This study analyzed the phenotypical and genomic characteristics of Vibrio sp. J383 isolated from internal organs of vaccinated farmed Atlantic salmon displaying clinical signs of ulcer disease. Infection assays conducted on vaccinated farmed Atlantic salmon and revealed that Vibrio sp. J383 causes a low level of mortalities when administered intracelomic at doses ranging from 107-108 CFU/dose. Vibrio sp. J383 persisted in the blood of infected fish for at least 8 weeks at 10 and 12 °C. Clinical signs of this disease were greatest 12 °C, but no mortality and bacteremia were observed at 16 °C. The Vibrio sp. J383 genome (5,902,734 bp) has two chromosomes of 3,633,265 bp and 2,068,312 bp, respectively, and one large plasmid of 201,166 bp. Phylogenetic and comparative analyses indicated that Vibrio sp. J383 is related to V. splendidus, with 93% identity. Furthermore, the phenotypic analysis showed that there were significant differences between Vibrio sp. J383 and other Vibrio spp, suggesting J383 is a novel Vibrio species adapted to cold temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghasemieshkaftaki
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Ignacio Vasquez
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Aria Eshraghi
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Anthony Kurt Gamperl
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Javier Santander
- Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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Deevband M, Ghorbani M, Eshraghi A, Salimi Y, Saeedzadeh E, Kardan M, Sadeghi S, Divband D, Ahmadi M. Patient effective dose estimation for routine computed tomography examinations in Iran. INT J RADIAT RES 2021. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrr.19.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Ashayeriahmadabad R, Mirzaasgari Z, Eshraghi A, Kiani A, Zamani B, Mehrpour M, Bahador M, Rafati A, Ashayeriahmadabad H. A randomized controlled trial of neuroprotective effects of n-acetyl-cysteine in patients with acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Mirzaasgari Z, Esmaeili S, Abbasi F, Farhangnia M, Eshraghi A. Metformin dillema; Neuroprotection: Yes or no? J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Mirhaghi A, Pouyamehr A, Eshraghi A, Sharifi MD. P564Comparison between heart failure triage scale and emergency severity index to triage heart failure patients. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Mirhaghi
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Evidence-based care research center, Mashhad, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - A Pouyamehr
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Evidence-based care research center, Mashhad, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - A Eshraghi
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - M D Sharifi
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
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Eshraghi A, Vaseghi G, Naji-Esfahani H. Evaluation effect of doxepin on the development of paclitaxel induced neuropathic pain. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Eshraghi A, Kim J, Walls AC, Ledvina HE, Miller CN, Ramsey KM, Whitney JC, Radey MC, Peterson SB, Ruhland BR, Tran BQ, Goo YA, Goodlett DR, Dove SL, Celli J, Veesler D, Mougous JD. Secreted Effectors Encoded within and outside of the Francisella Pathogenicity Island Promote Intramacrophage Growth. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 20:573-583. [PMID: 27832588 PMCID: PMC5384264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular bacterial pathogen Francisella tularensis causes tularemia, a zoonosis that can be fatal. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) encoded by the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) is critical for the virulence of this organism. Existing studies suggest that the complete repertoire of T6SS effectors delivered to host cells is encoded by the FPI. Using a proteome-wide approach, we discovered that the FPI-encoded T6SS exports at least three effectors encoded outside of the island. These proteins share features with virulence determinants of other pathogens, and we provide evidence that they can contribute to intramacrophage growth. The remaining proteins that we identified are encoded within the FPI. Two of these FPI-encoded proteins constitute effectors, whereas the others form a unique complex required for core function of the T6SS apparatus. The discovery of secreted effectors mediating interactions between Francisella and its host significantly advances our understanding of the pathogenesis of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Eshraghi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jungyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hannah E Ledvina
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cheryl N Miller
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Kathryn M Ramsey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John C Whitney
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew C Radey
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - S Brook Peterson
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brittany R Ruhland
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bao Q Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Young Ah Goo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - David R Goodlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Simon L Dove
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jean Celli
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joseph D Mougous
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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9
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Gholizadeh H, Lemaire ED, Eshraghi A. The evidence-base for elevated vacuum in lower limb prosthetics: Literature review and professional feedback. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2016; 37:108-116. [PMID: 27423025 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An optimal suspension system can improve comfort and quality of life in people with limb loss. To guide practice on prosthetic vacuum suspension systems, assessment of the current evidence and professional opinion are required. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were explored to find related articles. Search terms were amputees, artificial limb, prosthetic suspension, prosthetic liner, vacuum, and prosthesis. The results were refined by vacuum socket or vacuum assisted suspension or sub-atmospheric suspension. Study design, research instrument, sample size, and outcome measures were reviewed. An online questionnaire was also designed and distributed worldwide among professionals and prosthetists (www.ispoint.org, OANDP-L, LinkedIn, personal email). FINDINGS 26 articles were published from 2001 to March 2016. The number of participants averaged 7 (SD=4) for transtibial and 6 (SD=6) for transfemoral amputees. Most studies evaluated the short-term effects of vacuum systems by measuring stump volume changes, gait parameters, pistoning, interface pressures, satisfaction, balance, and wound healing. 155 professionals replied to the questionnaire and supported results from the literature. Elevated vacuum systems may have some advantages over the other suspension systems, but may not be appropriate for all people with limb loss. INTERPRETATION Elevated vacuum suspension could improve comfort and quality of life for people with limb loss. However, future investigations with larger sample sizes are needed to provide strong statistical conclusions and to evaluate long-term effects of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gholizadeh
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Rehabilitation Research and Development, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - E D Lemaire
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Rehabilitation Research and Development, Ottawa, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada.
| | - A Eshraghi
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kid's Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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Dixon SD, Huynh MM, Tamilselvam B, Spiegelman LM, Son SB, Eshraghi A, Blanke SR, Bradley KA. Distinct Roles for CdtA and CdtC during Intoxication by Cytolethal Distending Toxins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143977. [PMID: 26618479 PMCID: PMC4664275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) are heterotrimeric protein exotoxins produced by a diverse array of Gram-negative pathogens. The enzymatic subunit, CdtB, possesses DNase and phosphatidylinositol 3-4-5 trisphosphate phosphatase activities that induce host cell cycle arrest, cellular distension and apoptosis. To exert cyclomodulatory and cytotoxic effects CDTs must be taken up from the host cell surface and transported intracellularly in a manner that ultimately results in localization of CdtB to the nucleus. However, the molecular details and mechanism by which CDTs bind to host cells and exploit existing uptake and transport pathways to gain access to the nucleus are poorly understood. Here, we report that CdtA and CdtC subunits of CDTs derived from Haemophilus ducreyi (Hd-CDT) and enteropathogenic E. coli (Ec-CDT) are independently sufficient to support intoxication by their respective CdtB subunits. CdtA supported CdtB-mediated killing of T-cells and epithelial cells that was nearly as efficient as that observed with holotoxin. In contrast, the efficiency by which CdtC supported intoxication was dependent on the source of the toxin as well as the target cell type. Further, CdtC was found to alter the subcellular trafficking of Ec-CDT as determined by sensitivity to EGA, an inhibitor of endosomal trafficking, colocalization with markers of early and late endosomes, and the kinetics of DNA damage response. Finally, host cellular cholesterol was found to influence sensitivity to intoxication mediated by Ec-CdtA, revealing a role for cholesterol or cholesterol-rich membrane domains in intoxication mediated by this subunit. In summary, data presented here support a model in which CdtA and CdtC each bind distinct receptors on host cell surfaces that direct alternate intracellular uptake and/or trafficking pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandee D. Dixon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Melanie M. Huynh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Batcha Tamilselvam
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lindsey M. Spiegelman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sophia B. Son
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aria Eshraghi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Steven R. Blanke
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenneth A. Bradley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Eshraghi A, Dixon SD, Tamilselvam B, Kim EJK, Gargi A, Kulik JC, Damoiseaux R, Blanke SR, Bradley KA. Cytolethal distending toxins require components of the ER-associated degradation pathway for host cell entry. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004295. [PMID: 25078082 PMCID: PMC4117610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular acting protein exotoxins produced by bacteria and plants are important molecular determinants that drive numerous human diseases. A subset of these toxins, the cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs), are encoded by several Gram-negative pathogens and have been proposed to enhance virulence by allowing evasion of the immune system. CDTs are trafficked in a retrograde manner from the cell surface through the Golgi apparatus and into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before ultimately reaching the host cell nucleus. However, the mechanism by which CDTs exit the ER is not known. Here we show that three central components of the host ER associated degradation (ERAD) machinery, Derlin-2 (Derl2), the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Hrd1, and the AAA ATPase p97, are required for intoxication by some CDTs. Complementation of Derl2-deficient cells with Derl2:Derl1 chimeras identified two previously uncharacterized functional domains in Derl2, the N-terminal 88 amino acids and the second ER-luminal loop, as required for intoxication by the CDT encoded by Haemophilus ducreyi (Hd-CDT). In contrast, two motifs required for Derlin-dependent retrotranslocation of ERAD substrates, a conserved WR motif and an SHP box that mediates interaction with the AAA ATPase p97, were found to be dispensable for Hd-CDT intoxication. Interestingly, this previously undescribed mechanism is shared with the plant toxin ricin. These data reveal a requirement for multiple components of the ERAD pathway for CDT intoxication and provide insight into a Derl2-dependent pathway exploited by retrograde trafficking toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Eshraghi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shandee D. Dixon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Batcha Tamilselvam
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Emily Jin-Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Amandeep Gargi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Julia C. Kulik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Steven R. Blanke
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenneth A. Bradley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gholizadeh H, Abu Osman NA, Eshraghi A, Ali S, Razak NA. Transtibial prosthesis suspension systems: systematic review of literature. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2014; 29:87-97. [PMID: 24315710 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today a number of prosthetic suspension systems are available for transtibial amputees. Consideration of an appropriate suspension system can ensure that amputee's functional needs are satisfied. The higher the insight to suspension systems, the easier would be the selection for prosthetists. This review attempted to find scientific evidence pertaining to various transtibial suspension systems to provide selection criteria for clinicians. METHODS Databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were explored to find related articles. Search terms were as follows: "Transtibial prosthesis (32), prosthetic suspension (48), lower limb prosthesis (54), below-knee prosthesis (58), prosthetic liner (20), transtibial (193), and prosthetic socket (111)". Two reviewers separately examined the papers. Study design (case series of five or more subjects, retrospective or prospective), research instrument, sampling method, outcome measures and protocols were reviewed. FINDINGS Based on the selection criteria, 22 articles (15 prospective studies, and 7 surveys) remained. Sweat control was found to be a major concern with the available suspension liners. Donning and doffing procedures for soft liners are also problematic for some users, particularly those with upper limb weakness. Moreover, the total surface bearing (TSB) socket with pin/lock system is favored by the majority of amputees. INTERPRETATION In summary, no clinical evidence is available to suggest what kind of suspension system could have an influential effect as a "standard" system for all transtibial amputees. However, among various suspension systems for transtibial amputees, the Iceross system was favored by the majority of users in terms of function and comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gholizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
| | - N A Abu Osman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - A Eshraghi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - S Ali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - N A Razak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia
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Gargi A, Tamilselvam B, Powers B, Prouty MG, Lincecum T, Eshraghi A, Maldonado-Arocho FJ, Wilson BA, Bradley KA, Blanke SR. Cellular interactions of the cytolethal distending toxins from Escherichia coli and Haemophilus ducreyi. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7492-7505. [PMID: 23306199 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.448118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) compose a subclass of intracellularly acting genotoxins produced by many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria that disrupt the normal progression of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Here, the intoxication mechanisms of CDTs from Escherichia coli (Ec-CDT) and Haemophilus ducreyi (Hd-CDT), which share limited amino acid sequence homology, were directly compared. Ec-CDT and Hd-CDT shared comparable in vitro DNase activities of the CdtB subunits, saturable cell surface binding with comparable affinities, and the requirement for an intact Golgi complex to induce cell cycle arrest. In contrast, disruption of endosome acidification blocked Hd-CDT-mediated cell cycle arrest and toxin transport to the endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus, while having no effects on Ec-CDT. Phosphorylation of the histone protein H2AX, as well as nuclear localization, was inhibited for Hd-CdtB, but not Ec-CdtB, in cells expressing dominant negative Rab7 (T22N), suggesting that Hd-CDT, but not Ec-CDT, is trafficked through late endosomal vesicles. In support of this idea, significantly more Hd-CdtB than Ec-CdtB co-localized with Rab9, which is enriched in late endosomal compartments. Competitive binding studies suggested that Ec-CDT and Hd-CDT bind to discrete cell surface determinants. These results suggest that Ec-CDT and Hd-CDT are transported within cells by distinct pathways, possibly mediated by their interaction with different receptors at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Gargi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Batcha Tamilselvam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Brendan Powers
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Michael G Prouty
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Tommie Lincecum
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - Aria Eshraghi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - Brenda A Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Kenneth A Bradley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Steven R Blanke
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801.
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15
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Gholizadeh H, Osman NAA, Kamyab M, Eshraghi A, Abas WABW, Azam MN. Transtibial prosthetic socket pistoning: static evaluation of Seal-In(®) X5 and Dermo(®) Liner using motion analysis system. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2012; 27:34-9. [PMID: 21794965 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The method of attachment of prosthesis to the residual limb (suspension) and socket fitting is a critical issue in the process of providing an amputee with prosthesis. Different suspension methods try to minimize the pistoning movement inside the socket. The Seal-In(®) X5 and Dermo(®) Liner by Ossur are new suspension liners that intend to reduce pistoning between the socket and liner. Since the effects of these new liners on suspension are unclear, the objective of this study was to compare the pistoning effect of Seal-In(®) X5 and Dermo(®) Liner by using Vicon Motion System. METHODS Six transtibial amputees, using both the Iceross Seal-In(®) X5 and the Iceross Dermo(®) Liner, participated in the study. The vertical displacement (pistoning) was measured between the liner and socket in single limb support on the prosthetic limb (full-weight bearing), double limb support (semi-weight bearing), and non-weight bearing on the prosthetic limb, and also under three static vertical loading conditions (30 N, 60 N, and 90 N). FINDINGS The results demonstrated that the pistoning within the socket when Seal-In(®) X5 was used, decreased by 71% in comparison to the Iceross Dermo(®) Liner. In addition, a significant difference between the two liners under different static conditions was found (p<0.05). INTERPRETATION Participants needed to put in extra effort for donning and doffing the prosthesis with Seal-In(®) X5; however, this type of liner provided less pistoning. The new approach that uses the motion analysis system in this study might be an alternative for measuring the pistoning effect in the prosthetic socket.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gholizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
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Eshraghi A, Gholizadeh H, Abu Osman NA. Comments on "Assessment of amputee socket-stump-residual bone kinematics during strenuous activities using Dynamic Roentgen Stereogrammetric Analysis" (Volume 43, Issue 5, 2010). J Biomech 2011; 44:2851-2. [PMID: 21784425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Eshraghi A, Maldonado-Arocho FJ, Gargi A, Cardwell MM, Prouty MG, Blanke SR, Bradley KA. Cytolethal distending toxin family members are differentially affected by alterations in host glycans and membrane cholesterol. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:18199-207. [PMID: 20385557 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) are tripartite protein exotoxins produced by a diverse group of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. Based on their ability to induce DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis of cultured cells, CDTs are proposed to enhance virulence by blocking cellular division and/or directly killing epithelial and immune cells. Despite the widespread distribution of CDTs among several important human pathogens, our understanding of how these toxins interact with host cells is limited. Here we demonstrate that CDTs from Haemophilus ducreyi, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni differ in their abilities to intoxicate host cells with defined defects in host factors previously implicated in CDT binding, including glycoproteins, and glycosphingolipids. The absence of cell surface sialic acid sensitized cells to intoxication by three of the four CDTs tested. Surprisingly, fucosylated N-linked glycans and glycolipids, previously implicated in CDT-host interactions, were not required for intoxication by any of the CDTs tested. Finally, altering host-cellular cholesterol, also previously implicated in CDT binding, affected intoxication by only a subset of CDTs tested. The findings presented here provide insight into the molecular and cellular basis of CDT-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Eshraghi
- Department of Microbiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Frachet B, Poncet-Wallet C, Ernst E, Eshraghi A. Présentation des prothèses et aides techniques pour la surdité. Ing Rech Biomed 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gieng SH, Eshraghi A, Hawley E, Sanger P, Menshenina J, Shigenaga MK. An impaired gut immune response to a high‐fat diet is associated with visceral adipose inflammation and peripheral insulin resistance in leptin‐deficient mice. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.450.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sin Hoa Gieng
- Nutrition and Metabolism CenterChildren's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCA
| | - Aria Eshraghi
- Nutrition and Metabolism CenterChildren's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCA
| | - Elizabeth Hawley
- Nutrition and Metabolism CenterChildren's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCA
| | - Patrick Sanger
- Nutrition and Metabolism CenterChildren's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCA
| | - Julia Menshenina
- Nutrition and Metabolism CenterChildren's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCA
| | - Mark K Shigenaga
- Nutrition and Metabolism CenterChildren's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCA
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Abstract
Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOEs) were recorded in a cohort study of preterm neonates in order to study their basic properties as a function of gestational age. Their main properties were: (1) TEOEs spectrum did not vary with age; it was analogous to those of full term; (2) there was no statistically significant variation of the TEOEs amplitude with age. The maturation of outer hair cell properties appears to be complete at a gestational age of 29 weeks. Because a number of infants at risk for hearing loss are preterm babies, screening for TEOEs has to be performed in the neonatal care unit. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of the test, screening should take place as close to hospital discharge as possible, with the optimum time at 35 gestational weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eshraghi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Faculty Bichat, University Paris VII, France
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Lacombe H, Keravel Y, Peynegre R, Eshraghi A. [Value of the monitoring of the facial nerve in the evaluation of facial function in translabyrinthine surgery for acoustic neuroma]. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 1994; 111:89-93. [PMID: 7825943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Amongst the 62 patients operated for acoustic neuroma using a translabyrinthine approach, the authors study post operatory results at one month of the facial function according to the "House-Brackmann" classification. The analysis consists in 2 homogeneous and comparable series of 34 and 28 patients having benefited or not of a per operatory monitoring of the facial nerve with "NIM 2" neuro monitor. Without distinction of the tumoral sizes 76% of patients show a good facial result when monitorized against 60.7% when not. According to the tumoral size monitoring becomes more interesting: also you will find better results in the monitorized serial (71%) against 29% without. Other factors concerning the facial post operatory functions are also analysed by authors. To the very important part of per operatory monitoring, the anatomical status, microvascularization and physiological state of the nerve al as well as the operator's experience are to be added. All above factors must be considered when evaluating the final post operatory facial result.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lacombe
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil
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Sterling AP, Eshraghi A, Anderson WJ, Habermann ET. Acute carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to a foreign body within the median nerve. Bull Hosp Joint Dis 1972; 33:130-4. [PMID: 4648253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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