1
|
Nicholson E, Andrade A, Brooks TM, Driver A, Ferrer-Paris JR, Grantham H, Gudka M, Keith DA, Kontula T, Lindgaard A, Londono-Murcia MC, Murray N, Raunio A, Rowland JA, Sievers M, Skowno AL, Stevenson SL, Valderrabano M, Vernon CM, Zager I, Obura D. Roles of the Red List of Ecosystems in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:614-621. [PMID: 38332025 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity set the agenda for global aspirations and action to reverse biodiversity loss. The GBF includes an explicit goal for maintaining and restoring biodiversity, encompassing ecosystems, species and genetic diversity (goal A), targets for ecosystem protection and restoration and headline indicators to track progress and guide action1. One of the headline indicators is the Red List of Ecosystems2, the global standard for ecosystem risk assessment. The Red List of Ecosystems provides a systematic framework for collating, analysing and synthesizing data on ecosystems, including their distribution, integrity and risk of collapse3. Here, we examine how it can contribute to implementing the GBF, as well as monitoring progress. We find that the Red List of Ecosystems provides common theory and practical data, while fostering collaboration, cross-sector cooperation and knowledge sharing, with important roles in 16 of the 23 targets. In particular, ecosystem maps, descriptions and risk categories are key to spatial planning for halting loss, restoration and protection (targets 1, 2 and 3). The Red List of Ecosystems is therefore well-placed to aid Parties to the GBF as they assess, plan and act to achieve the targets and goals. We outline future work to further strengthen this potential and improve biodiversity outcomes, including expanding spatial coverage of Red List of Ecosystems assessments and partnerships between practitioners, policy-makers and scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Nicholson
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
- IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, Gland, Switzerland.
| | - Angela Andrade
- IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, Gland, Switzerland
- Conservation International Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - José R Ferrer-Paris
- IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, Gland, Switzerland
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Data Science Hub, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hedley Grantham
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Bush Heritage, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mishal Gudka
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- CORDIO East Africa, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - David A Keith
- IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, Gland, Switzerland
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Arild Lindgaard
- Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (Artsdatabanken), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Nicholas Murray
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne Raunio
- Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jessica A Rowland
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sievers
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew L Skowno
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Biological Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simone L Stevenson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Clare M Vernon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irene Zager
- IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, Gland, Switzerland
- Provita, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Keith DA, Ferrer-Paris JR, Nicholson E, Bishop MJ, Polidoro BA, Ramirez-Llodra E, Tozer MG, Nel JL, Mac Nally R, Gregr EJ, Watermeyer KE, Essl F, Faber-Langendoen D, Franklin J, Lehmann CER, Etter A, Roux DJ, Stark JS, Rowland JA, Brummitt NA, Fernandez-Arcaya UC, Suthers IM, Wiser SK, Donohue I, Jackson LJ, Pennington RT, Iliffe TM, Gerovasileiou V, Giller P, Robson BJ, Pettorelli N, Andrade A, Lindgaard A, Tahvanainen T, Terauds A, Chadwick MA, Murray NJ, Moat J, Pliscoff P, Zager I, Kingsford RT. A function-based typology for Earth's ecosystems. Nature 2022; 610:513-518. [PMID: 36224387 PMCID: PMC9581774 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As the United Nations develops a post-2020 global biodiversity framework for the Convention on Biological Diversity, attention is focusing on how new goals and targets for ecosystem conservation might serve its vision of 'living in harmony with nature'1,2. Advancing dual imperatives to conserve biodiversity and sustain ecosystem services requires reliable and resilient generalizations and predictions about ecosystem responses to environmental change and management3. Ecosystems vary in their biota4, service provision5 and relative exposure to risks6, yet there is no globally consistent classification of ecosystems that reflects functional responses to change and management. This hampers progress on developing conservation targets and sustainability goals. Here we present the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Global Ecosystem Typology, a conceptually robust, scalable, spatially explicit approach for generalizations and predictions about functions, biota, risks and management remedies across the entire biosphere. The outcome of a major cross-disciplinary collaboration, this novel framework places all of Earth's ecosystems into a unifying theoretical context to guide the transformation of ecosystem policy and management from global to local scales. This new information infrastructure will support knowledge transfer for ecosystem-specific management and restoration, globally standardized ecosystem risk assessments, natural capital accounting and progress on the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Keith
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- New South Wales Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Hurstville, New South Wales, Australia.
- IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, Gland, Switzerland.
| | - José R Ferrer-Paris
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Emily Nicholson
- IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, Gland, Switzerland
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie J Bishop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Beth A Polidoro
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Eva Ramirez-Llodra
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
- REV Ocean, Lysaker, Norway
| | - Mark G Tozer
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Hurstville, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeanne L Nel
- Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Mac Nally
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward J Gregr
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- SciTech Environmental Consulting, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kate E Watermeyer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz Essl
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | | | - Caroline E R Lehmann
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrés Etter
- Departamento de Ecología y Territorio, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dirk J Roux
- Sustainability Research Unit, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, George, South Africa
| | - Jonathan S Stark
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jessica A Rowland
- IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, Gland, Switzerland
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil A Brummitt
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | | | - Iain M Suthers
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan K Wiser
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Ian Donohue
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - R Toby Pennington
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Thomas M Iliffe
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Vasilis Gerovasileiou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment, Ionian University, Zakynthos, Greece
| | - Paul Giller
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Belinda J Robson
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Angela Andrade
- IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, Gland, Switzerland
- Conservation International Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Arild Lindgaard
- Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Teemu Tahvanainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Aleks Terauds
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas J Murray
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management, Gland, Switzerland
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Patricio Pliscoff
- Institute of Geography, Department of Ecology, Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Richard T Kingsford
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|