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Azad A, Sheikh MN, Hai FI. A critical review of the mechanisms, factors, and performance of pervious concrete to remove contaminants from stormwater runoff. Water Res 2024; 251:121101. [PMID: 38218072 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Stormwater can carry pollutants accumulated on impervious surfaces in urban areas into natural water bodies in absence of stormwater quality improvement devices. Pervious concrete (PC) pavement is one of the low-impact development practices introduced for urban flooding prevention and stormwater pollution reduction. PC removes various types of water contaminants. Mechanisms contributing to the water pollution removal capacity of PC can be categorized into three groups: physical, chemical, and biological. Properties of PC such as permeability, porosity, thickness, and adsorption capacity influence removal of all contaminants, although their impact might differ depending on the pollutant properties. Chemical mechanisms include precipitation, co-precipitation, ion and ligand exchange, complexation, diffusion, and sorption. Bulk organics and nutrients are removed primarily by biodegradation. Physical filtration is the primary mechanism to retain suspended solids, although biological activities may have a minor contribution. Release of calcium (Ca2+) and hydroxide (OH-) from hardened cement elevates the effluent pH, which is an environmental concern. However, the pH elevation is also the prime contributor to heavy metals and nutrients removal through precipitation. Specific cementitious materials (e.g., Pozzolans and nanoparticles) and carbonation curing approach are recommended to control effluent pH elevation. Complexation, diffusion, ion solubility, and stability constants are other mechanisms and parameters that influence heavy metal removal. Organic matter availability, electrostatic attraction, temperature, pH, contact time, specific surface area, and roughness of PC pores contribute to the pathogen removal process. Although PC has been found promising in removing various water pollutants, limited salinity removal can be achieved due to the inherent release of Ca2+and OH- from PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Azad
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - M Neaz Sheikh
- School of Civil, Mining, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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2
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Usman S, Anjum A, Usman M, Imran MS, Ali M, Moustafa M, Rehman MS, Hussain T, Sarwar F, Azad A, Hussain I, Naseer J, Tiwana U, Hafeez S. Antibiotic resistance pattern and pathological features of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O78:K80 in chickens. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e257179. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.257179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) induces colibacillosis, an acute and systemic disease, resulting in substantial economic losses in the poultry sector. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern associated with frequent virulence gene distribution in APEC O78:K80 that may cause pathological alterations in chickens. The antibiogram profile showed high resistance to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin, and co-trimoxazole, followed by intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and doxycycline hydrochloride, and sensitive to amikacin, streptomycin, gentamicin, and colistin. Virulence gene distribution identifies eight (irp-2, iutA, ompT, iss, iucD, astA, hlyF, iroN) genes through a conventional polymerase chain reaction. APEC O78:K80 caused significantly high liver enzyme concentrations, serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in experimental birds. Also, infected birds have hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperglobulinemia. Necropsy examination revealed fibrinous perihepatitis and pericarditis, congested lungs, intestinal ecchymotic hemorrhages and necrotizing granulomatosis of the spleen. Histopathological examination depicted hepatocellular degeneration, myocardial necrosis, interstitial nephritis, intestinal hemorrhages and lymphopenia in the spleen. This study is the first evidence to assess the antibiotic resistance profile linked with virulence genes and clinicopathological potential of APEC O78:K80 in chickens in Pakistan, which could be a useful and rapid approach to prevent and control the disease by developing the control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Usman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A. Anjum
- Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Pakistan
| | - M. Usman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M. S. Imran
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M. Ali
- BZU Bahadur sub campus Layyah, Pakistan
| | - M. Moustafa
- King Khalid University; South Valley University, Egypt
| | | | - T. Hussain
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - F. Sarwar
- Poultry Research Institute, Pakistan
| | - A. Azad
- Poultry Research Institute, Pakistan
| | | | - J. Naseer
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - U. Tiwana
- Range Land Research Institute, Pakistan
| | - S. Hafeez
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
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3
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Porter LH, Zhu JJ, Lister NL, Harrison SG, Keerthikumar S, Goode DL, Urban RQ, Byrne DJ, Azad A, Vela I, Hofman MS, Neeson PJ, Darcy PK, Trapani JA, Taylor RA, Risbridger GP. Low-dose carboplatin modifies the tumor microenvironment to augment CAR T cell efficacy in human prostate cancer models. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5346. [PMID: 37660083 PMCID: PMC10475084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have transformed the treatment landscape for hematological malignancies. However, CAR T cells are less efficient against solid tumors, largely due to poor infiltration resulting from the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we assessed the efficacy of Lewis Y antigen (LeY)-specific CAR T cells in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of prostate cancer. In vitro, LeY CAR T cells directly killed organoids derived from androgen receptor (AR)-positive or AR-null PDXs. In vivo, although LeY CAR T cells alone did not reduce tumor growth, a single prior dose of carboplatin reduced tumor burden. Carboplatin had a pro-inflammatory effect on the TME that facilitated early and durable CAR T cell infiltration, including an altered cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype, enhanced extracellular matrix degradation and re-oriented M1 macrophage differentiation. In a PDX less sensitive to carboplatin, CAR T cell infiltration was dampened; however, a reduction in tumor burden was still observed with increased T cell activation. These findings indicate that carboplatin improves the efficacy of CAR T cell treatment, with the extent of the response dependent on changes induced within the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Porter
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - J J Zhu
- Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - N L Lister
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - S G Harrison
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - S Keerthikumar
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - D L Goode
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - R Quezada Urban
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Computational Cancer Biology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - D J Byrne
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Azad
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - I Vela
- Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Center, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - M S Hofman
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - P J Neeson
- Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - P K Darcy
- Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - J A Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - R A Taylor
- Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - G P Risbridger
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Cancer Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Cancer Immunology Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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Azad A, Jiang H, Hooper C, Davies B, Watkin H, Gehmlich K. Exploring the contribution of mechano-sensing to cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Medical Research Council (MR/V009540/1),
Wellcome Trust (201543/B/16/Z)
British Heart Foundation (FS/12/40/29712).
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited cardiac condition associated with diastolic dysfunction and sudden cardiac death. Disease genes for HCM are traditionally coding for proteins involved in force generation. More recently, it has emerged that variants in genes coding for proteins involved in biomechanical stress-signalling can also cause HCM.
One such protein is filamin C, with proposed mechano-sensing functions in the heart. Within the protein, the immunoglobulin-like domain 20 (Ig20) may play a crucial role in mediating binding to muscle specific ligands. While the mechano-sensing functions of filamin C have been investigated well in skeletal muscle, the underlying cardiac disease mechanisms are not completely understood.
Aim
This work attempts to provide insights into the role of filamin C in cardiac mechano-sensing and dissect disease pathways leading to HCM in the presence of the FLNC variants in Ig20.
Methods
Using mass spectrometry, we aimed to provide a detailed analysis of the proteome of mice carrying the filamin C variant, using ventricular tissue samples from 14wk old homozygous mice. Samples were subject to molecular biology technical and underwent subcellular fractionation (n = 6 per genotype) and were investigated by label-free mass spectrometry.
Results
Utilising whole genome sequencing, a heterozygous FLNC missense variant in Ig20 was identified in a three-generation family affected by HCM. Mice carrying this variant recapitulate molecular features of HCM in the homozygous setting. Three proteins (FLNC, MYH7, MYOT) were found to be upregulated in the myofilament-enriched fraction. Up-regulations of key proteins were found to relocalise towards load-baring sites.
Conclusion
Our data indicate that changes in filamin C and its binding partners expression and localisation are involved in the pathogenesis of HCM in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Azad
- University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - H Jiang
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Hooper
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - B Davies
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - H Watkin
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - K Gehmlich
- University of Birmingham , Birmingham , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Capalbo A, Buonaiuto S, Figliuzzi M, Damaggio G, Girardi L, Caroselli S, Poli M, Patassini C, Cetinkaya M, Yuksel B, Azad A, Grøndahl M, Hoffmann E, Simón C, Colonna V, Kahraman S. A standardized approach for case selection and genomic data analysis of maternal exomes for the diagnosis of oocyte maturation and early embryonic developmental arrest in IVF. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 45:508-518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Shafiq M, Khan MT, Rehman MS, Raziq F, Bughio E, Farooq Z, Gondal MA, Rauf M, Liaqat S, Sarwar F, Azad A, Asad T, Arslan M, Azhar M, Kamal RMA, Shakir M. Assessing growth performance, morphometric traits, meat chemical composition and cholesterol content in four phenotypes of naked neck chicken. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101667. [PMID: 35131639 PMCID: PMC8883059 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the growth performance, morphometric traits, muscle chemical composition and cholesterol content in four phenotypes of naked neck chicken (black, white-black, light brown and dark brown). A total of 320-day-old chicks, 80 from each phenotype, were randomly stratified into 20 replicates (16/replicate), according to a completely randomized design. The results showed higher final body weight, weight gain, and better FCR in both light brown and dark brown phenotypes whereas time of gains was found to be greater in dark brown phenotype. Keel length and shank circumference were greater in dark brown whereas wing spread was found to be higher in light brown phenotype. Drumstick circumference and body length did not show any significant differences (P > 0.05) across the phenotypes. Dry matter was found to be higher in white black, crude protein in black, white black and dark brown, moisture in light brown, and cholesterol content in black whereas ether extract and ash content were found to be greater in black and white black phenotypes. In conclusion, both light brown and dark brown phenotypes showed superior growth performance and morphometric traits. Similarly, from a health point of view, the dark brown and light brown phenotypes seem superior because their cholesterol content was low. Thus, it is strongly recommended that there should be a conscious effort to improve economically important traits of the light and dark brown birds to be used as dual-purpose slow growing chicken, especially in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiq
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - M T Khan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - M S Rehman
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - F Raziq
- Department of Livestock and Dairy Development (Extension), KPK, Pakistan
| | - E Bughio
- Department of Poultry Production, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan
| | - Z Farooq
- Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - M A Gondal
- Institute of Continuing Education and Extension, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - M Rauf
- Department of Pathology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - S Liaqat
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - F Sarwar
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - A Azad
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - T Asad
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - M Arslan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - M Azhar
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - R M A Kamal
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - M Shakir
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
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Farazestanian M, Ataei Nakhaei S, Azad A, Jahani N, Sadeghi R. Unusual location of sentinel node in the inferior gluteal region in a patient with ovarian tumor. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2021; 41:S2253-654X(20)30207-9. [PMID: 34210617 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Farazestanian
- Women's Health Research, Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Irán
| | - S Ataei Nakhaei
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Irán
| | - A Azad
- Women's Health Research, Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Irán
| | - N Jahani
- Women's Health Research, Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Irán
| | - R Sadeghi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Irán.
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Janku F, Abdul-Karim R, Azad A, Bendell J, Gan H, Sen S, Tan T, Wang J, Marina N, Baker L, Ma L, Mooney J, Luo D, Leveque J, Milla M, Meniawy T. Preliminary results from an open-label, multicenter phase 1/2 dose escalation and expansion study of THOR-707, a novel not-Alpha IL-2, as a single agent in adult subjects with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)31094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Wells J, Dudani S, Gan C, Stukalin I, Azad A, Liow E, Donskov F, Yuasa T, Pal S, De Velasco G, Wood L, Hansen A, Beuselinck B, Kollmannsberger C, Powles T, Mcgregor B, Duh M, Huynh L, Heng D. Real-world clinical effectiveness of second-line sunitinib following immuno-oncology therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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10
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Zahed M, Bahador M, Hosseini Asl MK, Lavaee F, Azad A, Bahador A. Oro-Dental Health of Patients with Chronic Hepatic Failure. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2020; 11:115-121. [PMID: 32913587 PMCID: PMC7471610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic liver failure (CLF) faced serious medical conditions including the oral cavity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions, saliva flow rate, and dental complications in candidates of liver transplant surgery. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, oral and dental health of 77 patients with CLF and 77 healthy individuals were assessed for oral mucosal lesions, salivation rate, DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) index, and bone level. To carefully determine the indices and examine the patients thoroughly, a panoramic radiography was also taken from each participant. RESULTS The frequency of oral mucosal lesions in patients was significantly (p<0.001) higher than the comparison group. The most frequent lesion identified was angular cheilitis followed by candidiasis. The mean saliva flow rate in the patients (0.85 g/min) was also significantly (p<0.001) lesser than that in healthy individuals (1.58 g/min). The DMFT index and bone level were not significantly different between the two groups. Nor was a correlation between the MELD score and each of DMFT index, bone loss, or oral mucosal lesions. CONCLUSION Mucosal lesions, especially fungal-related lesions, are more prevalent in the oral cavity of patients with CLF. The saliva production rate is reduced due to various medications used in this group. Patients with CLF are prone to oral infections and a thorough oro-dental examination is crucial in this group of patients. Vigorous oral hygiene instructions should be offered to liver cirrhosis individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Zahed
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M. Bahador
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Correspondence: Mohammad Bahador, Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ORCID: 0000-0002-4210-1112. E-mail:
| | - M. K. Hosseini Asl
- Shiraz Transplant Center, Namazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F. Lavaee
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Azad
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Bahador
- Shiraz Transplant Center, Namazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Stenzl A, Szmulewitz R, Petrylak D, Holzbeierlein J, Villers A, Azad A, Alcaraz A, Alekseev B, Iguchi T, Shore N, Rosbrook B, Baron B, Kunieda F, Morlock R, Ramaswamy K, Armstrong A. ARCHES–efficacité du traitement par suppression androgénique en association avec l’enzalutamide ou placebo dans le cancer de la prostate hormono-sensible métastatique : résultats de l’antigène spécifique de la prostate (PSA). Prog Urol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2019.08.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Siva S, Bressel M, Loi S, Sandhu S, Tran B, Mooi J, Lewin J, Azad A, Colyer D, Shaw M, Chander S, Cuff K, Wood S, Lawrentschuk N, Murphy D, Pryor D. MA01.01 Safety of Pembrolizumab Combined with Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy (SABR) for Pulmonary Oligometastases. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Anton A, Wong S, Parente P, Azad A, Shapiro J, Weickhardt A, Torres J, Parnis F, Goh J, Semira C, Gibbs P, Tran B, Pezaro C. Examining skeletal-related events in Australian men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy434.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Chi K, Taavitsainen S, Iqbal N, Ferrario C, Ong M, Wadhwa D, Hotte S, Lo G, Tran B, Azad A, Wood L, Gingerich J, North S, Pezaro C, Ruether D, Sridhar S, Annala M, Bacon J, Wyatt A. A randomized phase II study of cabazitaxel (CAB) vs (ABI) abiraterone or (ENZ) enzalutamide in poor prognosis metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy284.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Morarji K, McArdle O, Hui K, Gingras-Hill G, Ahmed S, Greenblatt EM, Warner E, Sridhar S, Ali AMF, Azad A, Hodgson DC. Ovarian function after chemotherapy in young breast cancer survivors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:e494-e502. [PMID: 29270058 DOI: 10.3747/co.24.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background As cure rates for breast cancer improve, there is increasing evidence that late effects of treatment-and impaired fertility in particular-are emerging as important concerns among young breast cancer survivors. Older reports have evaluated the occurrence of amenorrhea after treatment, but few data have been reported about the incidence of biochemical evidence for impaired ovarian function in patients who do not become overtly menopausal. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating anti-Müllerian hormone (amh) in premenopausal chemotherapy-treated breast cancer survivors and control patients. Random serum levels of amh and other relevant clinical data were collected for 100 premenopausal chemotherapy-treated breast cancer survivors and 76 control subjects. Subgroup analyses were performed for women with regular menstrual cycles at the time of amh testing. Results After adjustment for age, amh was significantly lower in the overall group of patients receiving chemotherapy (p = 0.002) and in the subgroup reporting normal cycles (p = 0.03). Cyclophosphamide produced a significant dose-dependent reduction in amh (p < 0.001); trastuzumab was associated with increased amh in survivors with normal cycles. Overall, serum amh in survivors was roughly equivalent to that measured in control patients 12 years older. Conclusions Young breast cancer survivors often experience significant impairment of ovarian function despite having normal menstrual cycles after treatment. Those results have important implications for patient counselling and the timing of possible referral to a fertility specialist.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Morarji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital
| | - O McArdle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital
| | - K Hui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital
| | - G Gingras-Hill
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital
| | - E M Greenblatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital.,University of Toronto
| | - E Warner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre
| | - S Sridhar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital; and
| | - A M F Ali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre
| | - A Azad
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - D C Hodgson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital
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Bhatti JA, Rafique I, Azad A, Hamid MA, Saqib MAN, Qureshi H. Possible doubling of road traffic injury burden in Pakistan: findings from a population-based survey in 2013-2014. Public Health 2017; 150:166-169. [PMID: 28806617 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Bhatti
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Evaluative Clinical Science, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Surgery, Toronto, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada.
| | - I Rafique
- Pakistan Health Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Azad
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - M A Hamid
- Scarborough and Rouge Hospital, Toronto, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Pediatrics, Toronto, Canada
| | - M A N Saqib
- Pakistan Health Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - H Qureshi
- Pakistan Health Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Mackenzie D, Azad A, Noble V, Liteplo A. 350 Accuracy and Reliability of Gastric Ultrasound for Stomach Contents. Ann Emerg Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.08.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Sorour N, Huether M, Azad A, Fokas E, Stasyk O, Pilarsky C, Kunz-Schughart L, Von Neubeck C. Arginine-auxotrophic pancreatic cancer cells are radiosensitized by enzymotherapeutic arginine-deprivation therapy. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Fan SJ, Snell C, Turley H, Li JL, McCormick R, Perera SMW, Heublein S, Kazi S, Azad A, Wilson C, Harris AL, Goberdhan DCI. PAT4 levels control amino-acid sensitivity of rapamycin-resistant mTORC1 from the Golgi and affect clinical outcome in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:3004-15. [PMID: 26434594 PMCID: PMC4705441 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumour cells can use strategies that make them resistant to nutrient deprivation to outcompete their neighbours. A key integrator of the cell's responses to starvation and other stresses is amino-acid-dependent mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Activation of mTORC1 on late endosomes and lysosomes is facilitated by amino-acid transporters within the solute-linked carrier 36 (SLC36) and SLC38 families. Here, we analyse the functions of SLC36 family member, SLC36A4, otherwise known as proton-assisted amino-acid transporter 4 (PAT4), in colorectal cancer. We show that independent of other major pathological factors, high PAT4 expression is associated with reduced relapse-free survival after colorectal cancer surgery. Consistent with this, PAT4 promotes HCT116 human colorectal cancer cell proliferation in culture and tumour growth in xenograft models. Inducible knockdown in HCT116 cells reveals that PAT4 regulates a form of mTORC1 with two distinct properties: first, it preferentially targets eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), and second, it is resistant to rapamycin treatment. Furthermore, in HCT116 cells two non-essential amino acids, glutamine and serine, which are often rapidly metabolised by tumour cells, regulate rapamycin-resistant mTORC1 in a PAT4-dependent manner. Overexpressed PAT4 is also able to promote rapamycin resistance in human embryonic kidney-293 cells. PAT4 is predominantly associated with the Golgi apparatus in a range of cell types, and in situ proximity ligation analysis shows that PAT4 interacts with both mTORC1 and its regulator Rab1A on the Golgi. These findings, together with other studies, suggest that differentially localised intracellular amino-acid transporters contribute to the activation of alternate forms of mTORC1. Furthermore, our data predict that colorectal cancer cells with high PAT4 expression will be more resistant to depletion of serine and glutamine, allowing them to survive and outgrow neighbouring normal and tumorigenic cells, and potentially providing a new route for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Fan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Snell
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Turley
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J-L Li
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R McCormick
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S M W Perera
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Heublein
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Kazi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Azad
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Wilson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D C I Goberdhan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Azad A, D'Costa Z, Lim S, Sansom O, McKenna W, Muschel R, Fokas E. OC-0284: PD-L1 inhibition improves response of pancreatic cancer to radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)31533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bushehri A, Pasetka M, Dennis K, Hird A, Azad A, Chow E, de Angelis C. Urinary Cytokines/Chemokines as Markers of Pain Flare in Patients With Painful Bone Metastases Undergoing External Beam Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Chi K, Azad A, Volik S, Haegert A, Zalcberg J, Le Bihan S, McConeghy B, Gleave M, Wyatt A, Collins C. 2504 Genomic predictive and prognostic factors from plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients (pts) commencing enzalutamide (ENZ). Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Omand J, O'Connor D, Parkin P, Birken C, Thorpe K, Azad A, Maguire J. 45: Determining the Agreement Between Commonly Used Assays to Measure 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Young Children. Paediatr Child Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/20.5.e49a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Davis ID, Long A, Yip S, Espinoza D, Thompson JF, Kichenadasse G, Harrison M, Lowenthal RM, Pavlakis N, Azad A, Kannourakis G, Steer C, Goldstein D, Shapiro J, Harvie R, Jovanovic L, Hudson AL, Nelson CC, Stockler MR, Martin A. EVERSUN: a phase 2 trial of alternating sunitinib and everolimus as first-line therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1118-1123. [PMID: 25701452 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesised that alternating inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways would delay the development of resistance in advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-arm, two-stage, multicentre, phase 2 trial to determine the activity, feasibility, and safety of 12-week cycles of sunitinib 50 mg daily 4 weeks on / 2 weeks off, alternating with everolimus 10 mg daily for 5 weeks on / 1 week off, until disease progression or prohibitive toxicity in favourable or intermediate-risk aRCC. The primary end point was proportion alive and progression-free at 6 months (PFS6m). The secondary end points were feasibility, tumour response, overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs). The correlative objective was to assess biomarkers and correlate with clinical outcome. RESULTS We recruited 55 eligible participants from September 2010 to August 2012. DEMOGRAPHICS mean age 61, 71% male, favourable risk 16%, intermediate risk 84%. Cycle 2 commenced within 14 weeks for 80% of participants; 64% received ≥22 weeks of alternating therapy; 78% received ≥22 weeks of any treatment. PFS6m was 29/55 (53%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 40% to 66%). Tumour response rate was 7/55 (13%; 95% CI 4% to 22%, all partial responses). After median follow-up of 20 months, 47 of 55 (86%) had progressed with a median progression-free survival of 8 months (95% CI 5-10), and 30 of 55 (55%) had died with a median OS of 17 months (95% CI 12-undefined). AEs were consistent with those expected for each single agent. No convincing prognostic biomarkers were identified. CONCLUSIONS The EVERSUN regimen was feasible and safe, but its activity did not meet pre-specified values to warrant further research. This supports the current approach of continuing anti-VEGF therapy until progression or prohibitive toxicity before changing treatment. AUSTRALIAN NEW ZEALAND CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY ACTRN12609000643279.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Davis
- Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Melbourne; ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney.
| | - A Long
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney; Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - S Yip
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney; Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - D Espinoza
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney; Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - J F Thompson
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - G Kichenadasse
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide
| | - M Harrison
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney; Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool
| | - R M Lowenthal
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Royal Hobart Hospital and Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart
| | - N Pavlakis
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - A Azad
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Austin Health, Melbourne
| | - G Kannourakis
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Ballarat Oncology & Haematology Services and Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat; Federation University, Ballarat
| | - C Steer
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Border Medical Oncology, Wodonga
| | - D Goldstein
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Prince of Wales Clinical School and Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney
| | - J Shapiro
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Cabrini Hospital, Melbourne
| | - R Harvie
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute, Sydney
| | - L Jovanovic
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane
| | - A L Hudson
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute, Sydney
| | - C C Nelson
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane
| | - M R Stockler
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney; Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney; Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney; Concord Cancer Centre, Concord, Australia
| | - A Martin
- ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Sydney; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney; Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney
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Cheng HH, Gulati R, Azad A, Nadal R, Twardowski P, Vaishampayan UN, Agarwal N, Heath EI, Pal SK, Rehman HT, Leiter A, Batten JA, Montgomery RB, Galsky MD, Antonarakis ES, Chi KN, Yu EY. Activity of enzalutamide in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is affected by prior treatment with abiraterone and/or docetaxel. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2015; 18:122-7. [PMID: 25600186 PMCID: PMC4430366 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzalutamide and abiraterone are new androgen-axis disrupting treatments for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We examined response and outcomes of enzalutamide-treated mCRPC patients in the real-world context of prior treatments of abiraterone and/or docetaxel. METHODS We conducted a seven-institution retrospective study of mCRPC patients treated with enzalutamide between January 2009 and February 2014. We compared baseline characteristics, PSA declines, PSA progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), duration on enzalutamide, and overall survival (OS) across subgroups defined by prior abiraterone and/or docetaxel. RESULTS Of 310 patients who received enzalutamide, 36 (12%) received neither prior abiraterone nor prior docetaxel, 79 (25%) received prior abiraterone, 30 (10%) received prior docetaxel, and 165 (53%) received both prior abiraterone and prior docetaxel. Within these groups, respectively, ≥30% PSA decline was achieved among 67%, 28%, 43%, and 24% of patients; PSA-PFS was 5.5 (95% CI 4.2–9.1), 4.0 (3.2–4.8), 4.1 (2.9–5.4), and 2.8 (2.5–3.2) months; median duration of enzalutamide was 9.1 (7.3-not reached), 4.7 (3.7–7.7), 5.4 (3.8–8.4), and 3.9 (3.0–4.6) months. Median OS was reached only for patients who received both prior abiraterone and docetaxel and was 12.2 months (95% CI 10.7–16.5). 12-month OS was 78% (59%–100%), 64% (45%–90%), 77% (61%–97%), and 51% (41%–62%). Of 70 patients who failed to achieve any PSA decline on prior abiraterone, 19 (27%) achieved ≥30% PSA decline with subsequent enzalutamide. CONCLUSIONS The activity of enzalutamide is blunted after abiraterone, after docetaxel, and still more after both, suggesting subsets of overlapping and distinct mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Cheng
- 1] University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA [2] Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Gulati
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Azad
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R Nadal
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center/Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | | | - U N Vaishampayan
- Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - N Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute/University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - E I Heath
- Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - S K Pal
- City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - H-T Rehman
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center/Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - A Leiter
- Tisch Cancer Institute/Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Batten
- Huntsman Cancer Institute/University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R B Montgomery
- 1] University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA [2] Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M D Galsky
- Tisch Cancer Institute/Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - E S Antonarakis
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center/Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - K N Chi
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - E Y Yu
- 1] University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA [2] Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Walmsley S, Cheung AM, Fantus G, Gough K, Smaill F, Azad A, Diong C, Raboud J. A Prospective Study of Body Fat Redistribution, Lipid, and Glucose Parameters in HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Combination Antiretroviral Therapy. HIV Clinical Trials 2015; 9:314-23. [DOI: 10.1310/hct0905-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Kadkhodayan S, Hasanzadeh M, Treglia G, Azad A, Yousefi Z, Zarifmahmoudi L, Sadeghi R. Sentinel node biopsy for lymph nodal staging of uterine cervix cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the pertinent literature. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014; 41:1-20. [PMID: 25454828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We reviewed the available literature on the accuracy of sentinel node mapping in the lymph nodal staging of uterine cervical cancers. METHODS MEDLINE and Scopus were searched by using "sentinel AND (cervix OR cervical)" as key words. Studies evaluating the accuracy of sentinel node mapping in the lymph nodal staging of uterine cervical cancers were included if enough data could be extracted for calculation of detection rate and/or sensitivity. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies were included in the systematic review. Pooled detection rate was 89.2% [95% CI: 86.3-91.6]. Pooled sensitivity was 90% [95% CI: 88-92]. Sentinel node detection rate and sensitivity were related to mapping method (blue dye, radiotracer, or both) and history of pre-operative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Sensitivity was higher in patients with bilaterally detected pelvic sentinel nodes compared to those with unilateral sentinel nodes. Lymphatic mapping could identify sentinel nodes outside the routine lymphadenectomy limits. CONCLUSION Sentinel node mapping is an accurate method for the assessment of lymph nodal involvement in uterine cervical cancers. Selection of a population with small tumor size and lower stage will ensure the lowest false negative rate. Lymphatic mapping can also detect sentinel nodes outside of routine lymphadenectomy areas providing additional histological information which can improve the staging. Further studies are needed to explore the impact of sentinel node mapping in fertility sparing surgery and in patients with history of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kadkhodayan
- Women's Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Hasanzadeh
- Women's Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - G Treglia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Centre, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - A Azad
- Women's Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Z Yousefi
- Women's Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - L Zarifmahmoudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - R Sadeghi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Pal S, Azad A, Bhatia S, Drabkin H, Costello B, Sarantopolous J, Kanesvaran R, Lauer R, Sweeney C, Hahn N, Sonpavde G, Richey S, Breen T, Kremmidiotis G, Doolin E, Bibby D, Simpson J, Iglesias J, Hutson T. A Phase I/II Trial of Bnc105P with Everolimus in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (Mrcc): Results of the Randomized Phase Ii Disruptor-1 Trial. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu337.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Azad A, Franco M. Co-funded expanded access programmes for new oncology drugs: creating a two-tier system for Australian cancer patients? Intern Med J 2014; 43:843-4. [PMID: 23841773 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kazemi M, Nagafi G, Azad A. Constituents, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Bioss. Volatile Oil from Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2013.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Shumon AM, Zaman KA, Hossain M, Zaman Y, Azad A. Nasal polypectomy and endoscopic sinus surgery for the management of ethmoidal polyp. Bangladesh J of Otorhinolaryngology 2012. [DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The efficacy of sinus surgery for the treatment of ethmoidal polyp continues to be an issue of debate among otolaryngologists. A study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) over intra nasal polypectomy in treatment of ethmoidal polyp.Methods: Sixty patients of either sex above 18 years of age suffering from ethmoidal polyp were included in the study. The patients were discharged after surgery and were called for endoscopic examination during subsequent follow up.Results: Final results were recorded 6 months after the operative procedure. The results suggest that FESS is highly effective for the treatment of ethmoidal polyp with the recurrence rate being as low as 10% and with no major complications.Conclusion: This study will help in evaluation of FESS as better surgical option for the management of ethmoidal polyp DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12008 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 161-165
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Deb S, Azad A, John T, Turner N, Boutros P, Chen Y, Cebon J, Campbell A. 17. Expression of cancer testis antigens (CTAg) is prognostic in stage III melanoma. Pathology 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3025(16)32909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Deb S, John T, Chen Y, Azad A, Starmans M, Walkiewicz M, Russell P, Altorki N, Boutros P, Mitchell P, Cebon J. 18. NY-ESO-1 as a predictive marker for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage 3a non- small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Pathology 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3025(16)32910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim S, Cheng L, Lindsay P, Azad A, Xu W, Liu G, Hope A. Evaluation of Smoking Status in Development of Radiation Pneumonitis (RP) in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Treated with Radical Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Shaw J, Konforte D, Hoffman B, Azad A. Comparision of hemoglobin A1c (HbAIc) measurement in whole blood vs measurement in blood extracted from dried blood spots (DBS) using the tina-quant hemoglobin A1c GEN. 2 method on the cobas integra 400 plus analyzer. Clin Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Turner NH, John T, Deb S, Campbell AM, Azad A, Boutros PC, Chen Y, Cebon JS. Association of CT antigen expression and survival in stage III melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.8556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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John T, Chen Y, Starmans MH, Walkiewicz M, Russell P, Azad A, Deb S, Altorki NK, Boutros PC, Mitchell P, Cebon JS. NY-ESO-1 as a predictive marker for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage IIIa non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.10576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Azad A, Natoli A, Jackson S, Maira S, Hackl W, Cullinane C, McArthur G, Solomon B. 87 BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTORC inhibitor, targets the DNA damage response leading to radiosensitization and senescence. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Venner A, Hoffman B, Azad A. Analytical evaluation of the Roche modular apolipoprotein (APO) A-1, apolipoprotein (APO) B and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) assays. Clin Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Azad A, Chionh F, Campbell P. A rare case of an acquired factor VIII inhibitor associated with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia. Intern Med J 2010; 39:e7-8. [PMID: 20233237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.02091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Azad A, Deb S, Cher L. Primary anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma. J Clin Neurosci 2009; 16:1704-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Azad A, Chionh F, Jayarajan J. Gallbladder squamous cell carcinoma in the setting of low-dose methotrexate use. ANZ J Surg 2009; 79:662-3. [PMID: 19895533 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2009.05033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moskovtsev SI, Willis J, Azad A, Mullen JBM. Sperm Dna Integrity: Correlation With Sperm Plasma Membrane Integrity In Semen Evaluated For Male Infertility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 51:33-40. [PMID: 15764415 DOI: 10.1080/014850190512770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous independent studies have indicated that abnormally low parameters of sperm DNA integrity and sperm membrane integrity correlate to reduced fertility due in part to implantation disorders. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the relationship between sperm plasma membrane functional integrity assessed by the hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) and sperm DNA integriy test assesed by DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Semen samples from 102 random patients were evaluated in terms of standard semen parameters and assessed by DFI and HOST. Both tests showed a significant correlation to standard semen parameters (p < .05). In addition, patients with abnormal HOST results had a higher likehood of a subnormal or abnormal DFI result (p < .001). Our results suggest that a common sublethal insult may manifest as abnormalities in both the nucleus and the plasma membrane that act at the implantation and/or subsequent levels of development rather than at the fertilization stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Moskovtsev
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Azad A, Tan C. Oxaliplatin-induced transient ischaemic attack. Intern Med J 2009; 39:420-1. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Azad A, Chionh F, Scott A, White S, Mitchell PL. Staging 18FDG-PET in newly diagnosed small cell lung cancer (SCLC): 15-year institutional experience. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e19044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e19044 Background: 18FDG-PET is not routinely used in the initial staging of SCLC despite evidence that it alters stage classification and management. Furthermore, the association between stage classification by PET and prognosis of newly diagnosed SCLC has not previously been directly assessed. We aimed to evaluate whether PET altered stage classification, management and prognosis when used to stage newly diagnosed SCLC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 46 consecutive patients undergoing PET during initial staging for SCLC at Austin Health from 1993 to 2008 inclusive. Data collected included patient demographics, stage classification before and after PET, treatment history and date of death. Statistical analysis included estimation of overall survival (OS) by the Kaplan-Meier method using the log-rank test. Results: PET altered stage classification in 12 of 46 (26%) of patients. Stage alteration led to a change in treatment modality in 9 of these 12 patients. In addition, PET altered the target radiation field in another three patients. Therefore, PET had a significant impact on management in 12 of 46 (26%) of patients. Patients with limited disease (LD) on both conventional imaging and PET had significantly longer OS than patients with LD on conventional imaging that was upstaged to extensive disease (ED) on PET (median 557 days versus 172 days; log-rank p<0.0001). Patients with ED on conventional imaging that was downstaged to LD on PET had significantly longer OS than patients with ED on both conventional imaging and PET (median 328 days versus 177 days; log-rank p=0.037). Conclusions: The use of 18FDG-PET during staging for SCLC had a major impact on stage classification, management and prognostic stratification. The use of staging PET should be considered in patients with newly diagnosed SCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Azad
- Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - A. Scott
- Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S. White
- Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
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