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Thai-Van H, Mosnier I, Dejean F, Ambert-Dahan E, Bakhos D, Belmin J, Bonnard D, Borel S, Ceccato JC, Coez A, Damien M, Del Rio M, El Yagoubi M, Genin A, Gros A, Harichaux M, Idriss S, Ionescu E, Joly CA, Salmon PK, Marianowski R, Marx M, Mom T, Parietti-Winkler C, Potier M, Renard C, Roman S, Roy T, Tronche S, Venail F, Vincent C, Reynard P. Early management of presbycusis: recommendations from the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the French Society of Audiology, and the French Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37170803 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2023.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Presbycusis is the physiological decrease in hearing due to advancing age and begins well before the sixth decade. These recommendations recall the principles of early diagnosis of presbycusis and the means of optimal rehabilitation as soon as the first symptoms appear. MATERIAL AND METHODS The recommendations are based on a systematic analysis of the literature carried out by a multidisciplinary group of ENT physicians, audiologists, geriatricians and hearing specialists from all over France. They are classified as grade A, B, C or professional agreement according to a decreasing level of scientific evidence. RESULTS The diagnosis of presbycusis is more difficult at the beginning of its evolution but a certain number of tools are available for its early diagnosis and its face-to-face or remote management. CONCLUSION In the case of a clinical profile suggestive of presbycusis in a young subject, especially if there are several family cases, it is recommended to propose a genetic investigation. Free-field speech audiometry in noise is recommended to measure intelligibility in a realistic environment. Questionnaires in addition to audiometric tests would allow the best assessment of the patient's disability. Hearing rehabilitation with a hearing aid or cochlear implant may slow or prevent cognitive decline. Combined auditory and cognitive rehabilitation should be offered regardless of the time since the hearing was fitting. It is recommended to integrate programs accessible via smartphones, tablets or the Internet, that include different training domains to complement face-to-face sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Thai-Van
- Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital Édouard-Herriot, Lyon, France, Claude-Bernard University Lyon 1, Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Mosnier
- Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France, ORL Department, Ile de France reference centre for cochlear and brainstem implants in adults, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group, Sorbonne University, AP -HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Ambert-Dahan
- ORL Department, Ile de France reference centre for cochlear and brainstem implants in adults, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group, Sorbonne University, AP -HP, Paris, France
| | - David Bakhos
- ENT Department, CHU de Tours, iBrain, Inserm U1253, Université François- Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Joël Belmin
- AP-HP, University Hospitals Pitié- Salpêtrière - Charles-Foix, Department of Geriatrics with a cardiological and neurological orientation, Ivry-sur-Seine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Borel
- ORL Department, Ile de France reference centre for cochlear and brainstem implants in adults, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group, Sorbonne University, AP -HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Ceccato
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Inserm U1298, Centre de recherche et de formation en audioprothèse, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Coez
- Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Damien
- Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital Édouard-Herriot, Lyon, France, Claude-Bernard University Lyon 1, Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Auriane Gros
- ORL Department, Centre mémoire ressources et recherche, CHU de Nice, Institut Claude-Pompidou, Nice, France
| | | | - Samar Idriss
- Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital Édouard-Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Eugen Ionescu
- Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital Édouard-Herriot, Lyon, France, Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Alexandre Joly
- Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital Édouard-Herriot, Lyon, France, Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | - Rémi Marianowski
- ORL Department, CHU de Brest, Laboratoire de neurobiologie, UA 4685, Brest, France
| | - Mathieu Marx
- Department of Otology and Otoneurology, Hôpital Pierre-Paul-Riquet, CHU Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Mom
- ORL Department, CHU d'Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Christian Renard
- Department of Otology and Otoneurology, Salengro Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Roman
- ORL Department, Hôpital de la Timone et de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Venail
- Otology and Otoneurology unit, ORL Department, CHU Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Vincent
- Department of Otology and Otoneurology, Salengro Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Reynard
- Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital Édouard-Herriot, Lyon, France, Claude-Bernard University Lyon 1, Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
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Reynard P, Mosnier I, Dejean F, Ambert-Dahan E, Bakhos D, Belmin J, Bonnard D, Borel S, Ceccato JC, Coez A, Damien M, Del Rio M, El Yagoubi M, Genin A, Gros A, Harichaux M, Idriss S, Ionescu E, Joly CA, Krolak-Salmon P, Marianowski R, Marx M, Mom T, Parietti-Winkler C, Potier M, Renard C, Roman S, Roy T, Tronche S, Venail F, Vincent C, Thai-Van H. [Early management of presbycusis: recommendations from the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, the French Society of Audiology, and the French Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology]. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil 2023; 21:9-20. [PMID: 37115675 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2023.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Presbycusis is the physiological decrease in hearing due to advancing age and begins well before the sixth decade. These recommendations recall the principles of early diagnosis of presbycusis and the means of optimal rehabilitation as soon as the first symptoms appear. MATERIAL AND METHODS The recommendations are based on a systematic analysis of the literature carried out by a multidisciplinary group of doctors and audioprosthetists from all over France. They are graded A, B, C or expert opinion according to decreasing level of scientific evidence. RESULTS The diagnosis of presbycusis is more difficult at the beginning of its evolution but a certain number of tools are available for its early diagnosis and its management in face-to-face or even distance learning. CONCLUSION In case of a clinical profile suggestive of presbycusis in a young subject, especially if there are several family cases, it is recommended to propose a genetic investigation. It is recommended to perform free-field speech audiometry in noise to measure intelligibility in an environment as close as possible to reality. Questionnaires can be used in addition to audiometry to best assess the patient's disability. It is recommended that hearing rehabilitation with a hearing aid or cochlear implant may slow or prevent cognitive decline. Combined auditory and cognitive rehabilitation should be offered regardless of the time elapsed since the fitting. It is recommended to integrate programs accessible via smartphones, tablets or the Internet, integrating different training domains in addition to face-to-face sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Reynard
- Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Mosnier
- Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France, APHP-Sorbonne Université, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, service ORL, unité fonctionnelle implants auditifs, Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Ambert-Dahan
- APHP-Sorbonne Université, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, service ORL, unité fonctionnelle implants auditifs, Paris, France
| | - David Bakhos
- Service ORL, CHU de Tours, Inserm UMR 1253 I-Brain, Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Joël Belmin
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux universitaires Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Service de Gériatrie à orientation Cardiologique et Neurologique, F-94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Damien Bonnard
- Service ORL, CHU de Bordeaux, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Borel
- APHP-Sorbonne Université, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, service ORL, unité fonctionnelle implants auditifs, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Ceccato
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier - Inserm U1298, Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Audioprothèse - Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Coez
- Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Damien
- Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Auriane Gros
- Service ORL, Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche. CHU de Nice, Institut Claude Pompidou, Nice, France
| | | | - Samar Idriss
- Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Eugen Ionescu
- Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Lyon, France, Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Alexandre Joly
- Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Lyon, France, Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
| | | | - Rémi Marianowski
- Service ORL, CHU de Brest, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie UA 4685, France
| | - Mathieu Marx
- Service d'Otologie, Otoneurologie et ORL pédiatrique, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, CHU Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Mom
- Service ORL, CHU d'Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Christian Renard
- Service d'Otologie et d'Otoneurologie, Hôpital Salengro, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Roman
- Service ORL, Hôpital de la Timone et de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Roy
- Société Française d'Audiologie, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Tronche
- Société Française d'Otorhinolaryngologie et de Chirurgie de la Face et du Cou, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Venail
- Unité Otologie et Otoneurologie, Service ORL, CHU Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Vincent
- Service d'Otologie et d'Otoneurologie, Hôpital Salengro, CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hung Thai-Van
- Service d'audiologie et d'explorations otoneurologiques, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, Institut de l'audition, Institut Pasteur, Inserm, Paris, France
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Genin A, Ben M'Barek I, Capelle C, Calvo J, Guilbaud L, Nocart N. [The Jn'GOF 2014: Perpetuated by the peers and confirmed by obstetricians and gynecologists in training]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2015; 43:481-482. [PMID: 25937402 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Genin
- AGOF, 9, route de la Goulée, 95510 Villers-en-Arthies, France.
| | - I Ben M'Barek
- AGOF, 9, route de la Goulée, 95510 Villers-en-Arthies, France
| | - C Capelle
- AGOF, 9, route de la Goulée, 95510 Villers-en-Arthies, France
| | - J Calvo
- AGOF, 9, route de la Goulée, 95510 Villers-en-Arthies, France
| | - L Guilbaud
- AGOF, 9, route de la Goulée, 95510 Villers-en-Arthies, France
| | - N Nocart
- AGOF, 9, route de la Goulée, 95510 Villers-en-Arthies, France
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Lowe RM, Genin A, Orgun N, Cron RQ. IL-15 prolongs CD154 expression on human CD4 T cells via STAT5 binding to the CD154 transcriptional promoter. Genes Immun 2014; 15:137-44. [PMID: 24500400 PMCID: PMC4133980 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation-induced CD154 expression on CD4 T cells is prolonged in systemic lupus erythematosus, but the mechanism(s) for its dysregulation are unknown. The studies reported herein demonstrate that interleukin-15 (IL-15) is capable of prolonging CD154 expression on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated CD4 T cells. As IL-15 signals through signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), predicted STAT5 binding sites in the human CD154 transcriptional promoter were identified, and STAT5 binding to the proximal CD154 promoter in vitro and in vivo following primary CD4 T-cell activation was demonstrated. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type STAT5 in primary human CD4 T cells augmented CD154 transcription, whereas overexpression of a dominant-negative (DN) STAT5 protein inhibited CD154 transcription. Mutation of the most proximal STAT5 binding site in the CD154 promoter resulted in diminished DNA binding and reduced CD154 transcriptional activity. Interestingly, STAT5-specific small interfering RNA inhibited CD154 surface expression at 48 but not 24 h after T-cell activation. Thus, these findings provide some of the first evidence to support a possible mechanistic link to explain how the overexpression of IL-15 observed in lupus patients may be involved in the prolonged expression of CD154 that has also been observed on lupus CD4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Lowe
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA [2] Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A Genin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - N Orgun
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Q Cron
- 1] Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA [2] Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Dunckley JF, Koseff JR, Steinbuck JV, Monismith SG, Genin A. Comparison of mixing efficiency and vertical diffusivity models from temperature microstructure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jc007967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rouzier R, Chereau E, Laas E, Genin A, Bendifallah S, Gligorov J. 49P Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of The 21-Gene Breast Cancer Test in France. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(19)65711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Vreuls C, Genin A, Zocchi G, Boschini F, Cloots R, Gilbert B, Martial J, Van De Weerdt C. Genetically engineered polypeptides as a new tool for inorganic nano-particles separation in water based media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12440d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tondelier C, Thouvenot T, Genin A, Benanou D. On-tap passive enrichment, a new way to investigate off-flavor episodes in drinking water. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2854-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Alagille syndrome (AGS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by abnormal development of the liver, heart, skeleton, eye, and face. Mutations in the Jagged1 gene (JAG1) have been found to result in the AGS phenotype and both protein truncating mutations and missense mutations have been identified. Using single stranded conformational polymorphism analysis we have screened 22 AGS affected individuals from 19 families for mutations within Jagged1. Twelve distinct Jagged1 mutations were identified in 15 (68.2%) of the 22 AGS cases, seven of which are novel. The mutations include three small deletions (25%), two small insertions (16.6%), three missense mutations (25%), two nonsense mutations (16.6%), and two splice-site mutations (16.6%). These mutations are spread across the entire coding sequence of the gene and most are localized to highly conserved motifs of the protein predicted to be important for Jagged1 function. One-half of the mutations found in this study are located between exons 9 and 12, a region constituting only 12% of the coding sequence. A splice-donor site mutation in intron 11 was shown to cause aberrant splicing of Jagged1 mRNA, consequently terminating translation prematurely in exon 12. The results of this study are consistent with the proposal that either haploinsufficiency for wild type Jagged1 and/or dominant negative effects produced by mutated Jagged1 are responsible for the AGS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Heritage
- Joint Clinical Sciences Program, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Ozören N, Fisher MJ, Kim K, Liu CX, Genin A, Shifman Y, Dicker DT, Spinner NB, Lisitsyn NA, El-Deiry WS. Homozygous deletion of the death receptor DR4 gene in a nasopharyngeal cancer cell line is associated with TRAIL resistance. Int J Oncol 2000; 16:917-25. [PMID: 10762627 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.16.5.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors, including the pro-apoptotic DR4 and p53-regulated KILLER/DR5, as well as the decoys TRID and TRUNDD, are all located on human chromosome 8p21-22. This region of the genome is frequently altered in head and neck cancer. We previously reported that KILLER/DR5 can be mutationally inactivated in head and neck cancer. Here, we report that the FaDu nasopharyngeal cancer cell line contains an abnormal chromosome 8p21-22 region. In addition, there appears to be a homozygous deletion involving DR4 but not KILLER/DR5 in FaDu cells. The homozygous loss within the DR4 gene encompasses its death domain, which is required for apoptotic signaling. The deletion of DR4 in FaDu cells is associated with resistance to the cytotoxic effects of TRAIL. Re-introduction of wild-type DR4 leads to apoptosis and restores TRAIL sensitivity of FaDu cells. These observations suggest that the death inducing DR4 receptor gene may be a rare target for inactivation in human cancer and that DR4 loss may contribute to resistance to TRAIL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ozören
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Cell Cycle Regulation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors have been shown to repress transcription in the absence of ligand. This repression is mediated by a corepressor complex that contains the Sin3A protein and histone deacetylases (HDAC1 and 2). Studies by several groups demonstrate that this complex is recruited to nuclear receptors through the highly related corepressors SMRT (silencing mediator of retinoid acid and thyroid hormone receptor) and N-CoR (nuclear receptor corepressor). We describe here the cloning, characterization, and chromosomal mapping of forms of human and mouse SMRT that includes a 1,000-aa extension, which reveals striking homology to the amino terminus of N-CoR. Structure and function studies of wild-type and natural splicing variants suggest the presence of 3-4 amino terminal domains that repress in a cooperative as well as mechanistically distinct fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ordentlich
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Peng Y, Genin A, Spinner NB, Diamond RH, Taub R. The gene encoding human nuclear protein tyrosine phosphatase, PRL-1. Cloning, chromosomal localization, and identification of an intron enhancer. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:17286-95. [PMID: 9642300 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.27.17286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the rat PRL-1 gene, which encodes a unique nuclear protein tyrosine phosphatase, is positively associated with cellular growth during liver development, regeneration, and oncogenesis but with differentiation in intestine and other tissues. Here, we analyzed the structure of the human PRL-1 gene and localized it to chromosome 6 within band q12. Human, rat, and mouse PRL-1 are 100% conserved at the amino acid level and 55% identical to a newly identified Caenorhabditis elegans PRL-1. The presence of two promoter activities, P1 and P2, in the human PRL-1 gene were identified by primer extension and RNase protection assays. A functional TATA box was identified in promoter P1 upstream of the non-coding first exon. A non-canonical internal promoter, P2, was found in the first intron that results in PRL-1 transcripts beginning 8 base pairs downstream of the 5'-end of exon 2 and causes no alteration in the encoded protein. The first 200-base pair region of either promoter P1 or P2 conferred high basal transcriptional activity. An enhancer that bound a developmentally regulated factor, PRL-1 intron enhancer complex (PIEC), was localized to the first intron of the human PRL-1 gene. The presence of PIEC correlated with the ability of the intron enhancer to confer transcriptional activation in HepG2 and F9 cells. The intron enhancer contributed significantly to PRL-1 promoter activity in HepG2 cells which contain PIEC but not to NIH 3T3 cells which do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Peng
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Krantz ID, Colliton RP, Genin A, Rand EB, Li L, Piccoli DA, Spinner NB. Spectrum and frequency of jagged1 (JAG1) mutations in Alagille syndrome patients and their families. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 62:1361-9. [PMID: 9585603 PMCID: PMC1377154 DOI: 10.1086/301875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alagille syndrome (AGS) is a dominantly inherited disorder characterized by liver disease in combination with heart, skeletal, ocular, facial, renal, and pancreatic abnormalities. We have recently demonstrated that Jagged1 (JAG1) is the AGS gene. JAG1 encodes a ligand in the Notch intercellular signaling pathway. AGS is the first developmental disorder to be associated with this pathway and the first human disorder caused by a Notch ligand. We have screened 54 AGS probands and family members to determine the frequency of mutations in JAG1. Three patients (6%) had deletions of the entire gene. Of the remaining 51 patients, 35 (69%) had mutations within JAG1, identified by SSCP analysis. Of the 35 identified intragenic mutations, all were unique, with the exceptions of a 5-bp deletion in exon 16, seen in two unrelated patients, and a C insertion at base 1618 in exon 9, also seen in two unrelated patients. The 35 intragenic mutations included 9 nonsense mutations (26%); 2 missense mutations (6%); 11 small deletions (31%), 8 small insertions (23%), and 1 complex rearrangement (3%), all leading to frameshifts; and 4 splice-site mutations (11%). The mutations are spread across the coding sequence of the gene within the evolutionarily conserved motifs of the JAG1 protein. There is no phenotypic difference between patients with deletions of the entire JAG1 gene and those with intragenic mutations, which suggests that one mechanism involved in AGS is haploinsufficiency. The two missense mutations occur at the same amino acid residue. The mechanism by which these missense mutations lead to the disease is not yet understood; however, they suggest that mechanisms other than haploinsufficiency may result in the AGS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Peng Y, Schwarz EJ, Lazar MA, Genin A, Spinner NB, Taub R. Cloning, human chromosomal assignment, and adipose and hepatic expression of the CL-6/INSIG1 gene. Genomics 1997; 43:278-84. [PMID: 9268630 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rat CL-6 is the most highly insulin-induced gene in a liver cell line and is expressed in proliferating liver during regeneration and development. CL-6 is now denoted INSIG1 (insulin-induced gene 1). Human INSIG1 was isolated and found to be 80% identical to the rat gene within the translated region. It was located on human chromosome 7 within band q36. The human INSIG1 promoter conferred a high level of expression in both liver and fibroblast cell lines. INSIG1 expression was upregulated at the transcriptional level in rat regenerating liver and induced in a model of murine adipocyte differentiation, suggesting that INSIG1 may play a role in growth and differentiation of tissues involved in metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Peng
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 19104, USA
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Oda T, Elkahloun AG, Pike BL, Okajima K, Krantz ID, Genin A, Piccoli DA, Meltzer PS, Spinner NB, Collins FS, Chandrasekharappa SC. Mutations in the human Jagged1 gene are responsible for Alagille syndrome. Nat Genet 1997; 16:235-42. [PMID: 9207787 DOI: 10.1038/ng0797-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 734] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alagille syndrome (AGS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by intrahepatic cholestasis and abnormalities of heart, eye and vertebrae, as well as a characteristic facial appearance. Identification of rare AGS patients with cytogenetic deletions has allowed mapping of the gene of 20p12. We have generated a cloned contig of the critical region and used fluorescent in situ hybridization on cells from patients with submicroscopic deletions to narrow the candidate region to only 250 kb. Within this region we identified JAG1, the human homologue of rat Jagged1, which encodes a ligand for the Notch receptor. Cell-cell Jagged/Notch interactions are known to be critical for determination of cell fates in early development, making this an attractive candidate gene for a developmental disorder in humans. Determining the complete exon-intron structure of JAG1 allowed detailed mutational analysis of DNA samples from non-deletion AGS patients, revealing three frame-shift mutations, two splice donor mutations and one mutation abolishing RNA expression from the altered allele. We conclude that AGS is caused by haploinsufficiency of JAG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Oda
- Laboratory of Gene Transfer, National Human Genome Research Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4442, USA
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16
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Li L, Krantz ID, Deng Y, Genin A, Banta AB, Collins CC, Qi M, Trask BJ, Kuo WL, Cochran J, Costa T, Pierpont ME, Rand EB, Piccoli DA, Hood L, Spinner NB. Alagille syndrome is caused by mutations in human Jagged1, which encodes a ligand for Notch1. Nat Genet 1997; 16:243-51. [PMID: 9207788 DOI: 10.1038/ng0797-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 846] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by abnormal development of liver, heart, skeleton, eye, face and, less frequently, kidney. Analyses of many patients with cytogenetic deletions or rearrangements have mapped the gene to chromosome 20p12, although deletions are found in a relatively small proportion of patients (< 7%). We have mapped the human Jagged1 gene (JAG1), encoding a ligand for the developmentally important Notch transmembrane receptor, to the Alagille syndrome critical region within 20p12. The Notch intercellular signalling pathway has been shown to mediate cell fate decisions during development in invertebrates and vertebrates. We demonstrate four distinct coding mutations in JAG1 from four Alagille syndrome families, providing evidence that it is the causal gene for Alagille syndrome. All four mutations lie within conserved regions of the gene and cause translational frameshifts, resulting in gross alterations of the protein product Patients with cytogenetically detectable deletions including JAG1 have Alagille syndrome, supporting the hypothesis that haploinsufficiency for this gene is one of the mechanisms causing the Alagille syndrome phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195 USA
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17
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Krantz ID, Rand EB, Genin A, Hunt P, Jones M, Louis AA, Graham JM, Bhatt S, Piccoli DA, Spinner NB. Deletions of 20p12 in Alagille syndrome: frequency and molecular characterization. Am J Med Genet 1997; 70:80-6. [PMID: 9129746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder comprising cholestasis (associated with intrahepatic bile duct paucity), characteristic facial appearance, and cardiac, ocular and skeletal defects. Multiple patients have been reported with deletions or translocation involving 20p11.23-p12, providing evidence for the localization of the disease gene to this region. Fifty-six Alagille syndrome patients have been studied by cytogenetic and/or molecular analysis to determine the frequency of detectable abnormalities of 20p12. Two of fifty-six patients studied by cytogenetic analysis had abnormalities: an interstitial deletion in one patient and a translocation in another. Of forty-five patients studied by molecular analysis, three were found to have deletions of 20p, including the two patients identified with cytogenetic abnormalities. Molecular and molecular cytogenetic (FISH) analysis of the translocation (46,XX,t(2;20)(q21.3p12)) demonstrated a deletion at the translocation breakpoint. The deletions identified in the three patients are overlapping, contributing to the delineation of an Alagille syndrome critical region within 20p12. This region lies between markers D20S41 and D20S162. The frequency of detectable cytogenetic abnormalities of 20p12 in this group of Alagille patients is 2/56 (3.6%), and the frequency of molecular deletions is 3/45 (6.7%). This is considerably lower than the frequency of deletions observed in contiguous gene deletion syndromes suggesting that Alagille syndrome may be caused by the alteration of a single gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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18
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Zimmerman JE, Bui QT, Steingrímsson E, Nagle DL, Fu W, Genin A, Spinner NB, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Bucan M, Bonini NM. Cloning and characterization of two vertebrate homologs of the Drosophila eyes absent gene. Genome Res 1997; 7:128-41. [PMID: 9049631 DOI: 10.1101/gr.7.2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila eyes absent (eya) gene plays an essential role in the events that lead to proper development of the fly eye and embryo. Here we report the analysis of two human and two mouse homologs of the fly eya gene. Sequence comparison reveals a large domain of approximately 270 amino acids in the carboxyl terminus of the predicted mammalian proteins that shows 53% identity between the fly sequence and all of the vertebrate homologs. This Eya-homology domain is of novel sequence, with no previously identified motifs. RNA hybridization studies indicate that the mouse genes are expressed during embryogenesis and in select tissues of the adult. Both mouse Eya genes are expressed in the eye, suggesting that these genes may function in eye development in vertebrates as eya does in the fly. The mouse Eya2 gene maps to chromosome 2 in the region syntenic with human chromosome 20q13, and the mouse Eya2 gene maps to chromosome 4 in the region syntenic with human chromosome 1p36. Our findings support the notion that several families of genes (Pax-6/eyeless, Six-3/sine oculis, and Eya) play related and critical roles in the eye for both files and vertebrates.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20
- Cloning, Molecular
- Conserved Sequence
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Drosophila/genetics
- Drosophila Proteins
- Eye/growth & development
- Eye/metabolism
- Eye Proteins/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Insect
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Zimmerman
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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19
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Basson CT, MacRae CA, Schoenberg-Fejzo M, Morton CC, Spinner NB, Genin A, Krug E, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Identification, characterization, and chromosomal localization of the human homolog (hES) of ES/130. Genomics 1996; 35:628-31. [PMID: 8812507 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The chicken extracellular matrix glycoprotein ES/ 130 is necessary for epithelial--mesenchymal transformation in the developing heart and is also expressed in noncardiac chicken tissues such as limb and notochord. We have identified hES, the human homolog of chicken ES/130. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH) localizes hES to human chromosome 20p11.2-p12. FISH analyses of individuals with 20p12 deletions and affected by Alagille syndrome exclude hES as a candidate gene for this disorder. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction studies reveal that hES is expressed in both fetal and adult human tissues and that hES expression in the left ventricle is increased in the failing adult heart. Further studies will evaluate how hES mutations may relate to congenital human cardiac and skeletal anomalies as well as cardiac remodeling in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Basson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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20
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Fabricius K, Benayahu Y, Yahel G, Genin A. Herbivory in Soft Corals: Correction. Science 1996; 273:295-6. [PMID: 17737250 DOI: 10.1126/science.273.5273.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abstract
A zooxanthellae-free soft coral from the Red Sea feeds almost exclusively on phytoplankton, a mode of nutrition so far unknown for corals. Herbivory was also found in three other azooxanthellate soft corals. In tropical oligotrophic waters, phytoplankton biomass density may be an order of magnitude higher than that of zooplankton. Use of this resource allows these azooxanthellate cnidarians to be highly productive in flow-exposed oligotrophic reef waters.
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Spinner NB, Rand EB, Fortina P, Genin A, Taub R, Semeraro A, Piccoli DA. Cytologically balanced t(2;20) in a two-generation family with alagille syndrome: cytogenetic and molecular studies. Am J Hum Genet 1994; 55:238-43. [PMID: 8037203 PMCID: PMC1918350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alagille syndrome is a clinically defined, dominantly inherited disorder affecting the liver, heart, face, eye, and vertebrae. Alagille syndrome has previously been localized to the short arm of chromosome 20, on the basis of reports of a small number of patients with chromosomal deletions of 20p. We undertook a cytogenetic study of patients with Alagille syndrome and identified a family in which a cytologically balanced translocation between chromosomes 2 and 20, 46,XX/XY, t(2;20)(q21.3;p12), is segregating concordantly with the disease. The breakpoint on chromosome 20p in this t(2;20) is consistent with the shortest region of overlap demonstrated in the reported deletion patients. This is the first report of a translocation associated with 20p and Alagille syndrome, and this rearrangement confirms the location of the Alagille disease gene at 20p12. We have established a somatic cell hybrid from a lymphoblastoid cell line from one of the affected individuals that contains the derivative chromosome 20 (20qter-->p12::2q21.3-->qter) but not the derivative chromosome 2, the normal chromosome 2, or the normal chromosome 20. Southern blot and PCR analysis of probes and sequences from 20p have been studied to define the location of the translocation breakpoint. Our results show that the breakpoint lies distal to D20S61 and D20S56 within band 20p12.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Spinner
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104
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24
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Trager G, Genin A. Flow Velocity Induces a Switch From Active to Passive Suspension Feeding in the Porcelain Crab Petrolisthes leptocheles (Heller). Biol Bull 1993; 185:20-27. [PMID: 29300601 DOI: 10.2307/1542127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A flow-induced switch in suspension-feeding behavior of the porcelain crab Petrolisthes leptocheles was investigated in a laboratory flow tank. Crabs were exposed to two types of experimental water flow to stimulate them to switch from active to passive suspension feeding. In the first experiment, feeding crabs were exposed to a unidirectional accelerating water current, and they switched from active to passive suspension feeding at a mean water velocity of 3.49 cm s-1. In the second experiment, crabs were exposed to flow that was fixed at a constant velocity for at least 10 min, and their feeding behavior in this steady flow was observed. This procedure was repeated, using a range of constant-velocity flows that were successively adjusted to increased velocity levels. Crabs exposed to these different constant-velocity flows fed exclusively actively at flows below 1.5 cm s-1 and exclusively passively at those above 4.5 cm s-1. Switches from active to passive feeding occurred throughout the range of constant-velocity flows from 1.5 to 4.5 cm s-1. Changes in feeding activity rate induced by an increase in water velocity were measured. The mean activity rate of active feeding (1.05 Hz) was 3.4 times higher than that of passive feeding (0.31 Hz). The porcelain crab's ability to switch feeding modes in response to increased water velocity probably enhances energetic feeding efficiency in two ways. First, the passive feeding activity rate is lower than the active one and should reduce energetic expenditure. Additionally, the flux of suspended food increases with water flow velocity, so passive feeders are likely to catch more food per unit time than active feeders do. The ability to switch feeding modes is quite similar to that already described for balanomorph barnacles and appears to represent convergent evolution of flexible feeding behavior in response to variable water flow environment.
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25
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Fontannaz B, Genin A, Crettenand F. [Sleep: a hospital survey]. Krankenpfl Soins Infirm 1980:349-55. [PMID: 6249966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Fontannaz B, Genin A, Crettenand F. [Sleep: physiology, disorders, treatment]. Krankenpfl Soins Infirm 1980:319-31. [PMID: 6247566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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