1
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Verhaegen Y, Liu L, Nguyen TT, Loy TV, Schols D, Voet ARD, Dehaen W, De Jonghe S. Identification of novel human CC chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) antagonists via the synthesis of naphthalene amide and sulfonamide isosteres. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107181. [PMID: 38354503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The human CC chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) has been extensively pursued as target for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. More recently, the importance of CCR8 in the tumor microenvironment has been demonstrated, spurring the interest in CCR8 antagonism as therapeutic strategy in immuno-oncology. On a previously described naphthalene sulfonamide with CCR8 antagonistic properties, the concept of isosterism was applied, leading to the discovery of novel CCR8 antagonists with IC50 values in the nM range in both the CCL1 competition binding and CCR8 calcium mobilization assay. The excellent CCR8 antagonistic activity of the most potent congeners was rationalized by homology molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenthel Verhaegen
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, Leuven 3001 Belgium
| | - Libao Liu
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, box 1043, Leuven 3000 Belgium
| | - Tien T Nguyen
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Celestijnenlaan 200G, box 2403 Leuven 3001 Belgium
| | - Tom Van Loy
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, box 1043, Leuven 3000 Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, box 1043, Leuven 3000 Belgium
| | - Arnout R D Voet
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Celestijnenlaan 200G, box 2403 Leuven 3001 Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, Leuven 3001 Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, box 1043, Leuven 3000 Belgium.
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2
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Mylemans B, Lee XY, Laier I, Helsen C, Voet ARD. Structure and stability of the designer protein WRAP-T and its permutants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18867. [PMID: 34552189 PMCID: PMC8458387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
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\begin{document}$$\beta $$\end{document}β-Propeller proteins are common natural disc-like pseudo-symmetric proteins that contain multiple repeats (‘blades’) each consisting of a 4-stranded anti-parallel \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta $$\end{document}β-sheet. So far, 4- to 12-bladed \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta $$\end{document}β-propellers have been discovered in nature showing large functional and sequential variation. Using computational design approaches, we created perfectly symmetric \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta $$\end{document}β-propellers out of natural pseudo-symmetric templates. These proteins are useful tools to study protein evolution of this very diverse fold. While the 7-bladed architecture is the most common, no symmetric 7-bladed monomer has been created and characterized so far. Here we describe such a engineered protein, based on a highly symmetric natural template, and test the effects of circular permutation on its stability. Geometrical analysis of this protein and other artificial symmetrical proteins reveals no systematic constraint that could be used to help in engineering of this fold, and suggests sequence constraints unique to each \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\beta $$\end{document}β-propeller sub-family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Mylemans
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiao Yin Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ina Laier
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Helsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnout R D Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Wouters SML, Clarke DE, Noguchi H, De Feyter S, Voet ARD. SAKe: computationally designed modular protein building blocks for macromolecular assemblies. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321087705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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4
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Mylemans B, Voet ARD. Computational design of symmetric eight- and nine-bladed β-propellers. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321093430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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5
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Mylemans B, Killian T, Vandebroek L, Van Meervelt L, Tame JRH, Parac-Vogt TN, Voet ARD. Crystal structures of Scone: pseudosymmetric folding of a symmetric designer protein. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:933-942. [PMID: 34196619 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321005787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen an increase in the development of computational proteins, including symmetric ones. A ninefold-symmetric β-propeller protein named Cake has recently been developed. Here, attempts were made to further engineer this protein into a threefold-symmetric nine-bladed propeller using computational design. Two nine-bladed propeller proteins were designed, named Scone-E and Scone-R. Crystallography, however, revealed the structure of both designs to adopt an eightfold conformation with distorted termini, leading to a pseudo-symmetric protein. One of the proteins could only be crystallized upon the addition of a polyoxometalate, highlighting the usefulness of these molecules as crystallization additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mylemans
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - T Killian
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - L Vandebroek
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - L Van Meervelt
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - J R H Tame
- Protein Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - T N Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
| | - A R D Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Vlaams Brabant, Belgium
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6
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Vrancken JPM, Noguchi H, Zhang KYJ, Tame JRH, Voet ARD. The symmetric designer protein Pizza as a scaffold for metal coordination. Proteins 2021; 89:945-951. [PMID: 33713051 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Symmetric proteins are currently of interest as they allow creation of larger assemblies and facilitate the incorporation of metal ions in the larger complexes. Recently this was demonstrated by the biomineralization of the cadmium-chloride nanocrystal via the Pizza designer protein. However, the mechanism behind this formation remained unclear. Here, we set out to investigate the mechanism driving the formation of this nanocrystal via truncation, mutation, and circular permutations. In addition, the interaction of other biologically relevant metal ions with these symmetric proteins to form larger symmetric complexes was also studied. The formation of the initial nanocrystal is shown to originate from steric strain, where His 58 induces a different rotameric conformation on His 73, thereby distorting an otherwise perfect planar ring of alternating cadmium and chlorine ions, resulting in the smallest nanocrystal. Similar highly symmetric complexes were also observed for the other biological relevant metal ions. However, the flexibility of the coordinating histidine residues allows each metal ion to adopt its preferred geometry leading to either monomeric or dimeric β-propeller units, where the metal ions are located at the interface between both propeller units. These results demonstrate that symmetric proteins are not only interesting to generate larger assemblies, but are also the perfect scaffold to create more complex metal based assemblies. Such metal protein assemblies may then find applications in bionanotechnology or biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen P M Vrancken
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jeremy R H Tame
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Arnout R D Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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Laurent J, Aerts A, Gordon J, Gupta P, Voet ARD, Verstrepen KJ, Courtin CM. Small Differences in SUC Gene Sequences Impact Saccharomyces cerevisiae Invertase Activity and Specificity toward Fructans with Different Chain Lengths. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:1925-1935. [PMID: 33533594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae)invertase is encoded by a family of closely related SUC genes. To identify and understand the molecular basis for differences in substrate specificity, we examined 29 SUC alleles from industrialS. cerevisiaestrains and cloned alleles with small sequence differences into an invertase-negative strain. Our study showed that an F102Y substitution in Suc-enzymes lowers yeast invertase activity toward fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) by 36% and the specificity factor by 43%. By contrast, an A409P substitution in Suc-enzymes resulted in an increased capacity of the yeast to hydrolyze FOS and Fibruline by 17 and 41%, respectively, likely because of a change in the loop conformation resulting in a wider active site. Bread dough fermentation experiments revealed that sucrose and fructan hydrolysis during fermentation is influenced by this natural variation in SUC sequences. Our research thus opens the door for the selection or engineering of yeasts and Suc-enzymes with specific activities that may ultimately allow controlling fructan hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Laurent
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anouk Aerts
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Gordon
- VIB-KU Leuven Laboratory for Systems Biology & CMPG Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S) and VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Bio-Incubator Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Purvi Gupta
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnout R D Voet
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- VIB-KU Leuven Laboratory for Systems Biology & CMPG Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S) and VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Bio-Incubator Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Vrancken JPM, Tame JRH, Voet ARD. Development and applications of artificial symmetrical proteins. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:3959-3968. [PMID: 33335692 PMCID: PMC7734218 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the determination of the first molecular models of proteins there has been interest in creating proteins artificially, but such methods have only become widely successful in the last decade. Gradual improvements over a long period of time have now yielded numerous examples of non-natural proteins, many of which are built from repeated elements. In this review we discuss the design of such symmetrical proteins and their various applications in chemistry and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen P M Vrancken
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeremy R H Tame
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Arnout R D Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Mylemans B, Noguchi H, Deridder E, Lescrinier E, Tame JRH, Voet ARD. Influence of circular permutations on the structure and stability of a six-fold circular symmetric designer protein. Protein Sci 2020; 29:2375-2386. [PMID: 33006397 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The β-propeller fold is adopted by a sequentially diverse family of repeat proteins with apparent rotational symmetry. While the structure is mostly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions, an additional stabilization is provided by hydrogen bonds between the N-and C-termini, which are almost invariably part of the same β-sheet. This feature is often referred to as the "Velcro" closure. The positioning of the termini within a blade is variable and depends on the protein family. In order to investigate the influence of this location on protein structure, folding and stability, we created different circular permutants, and a circularized version, of the designer propeller protein named Pizza. This protein is perfectly symmetrical, possessing six identical repeats. While all mutants adopt the same structure, the proteins lacking the "Velcro" closure were found to be significantly less resistant to thermal and chemical denaturation. This could explain why such proteins are rarely observed in nature. Interestingly the most common "Velcro" configuration for this protein family was not the most stable among the Pizza variants tested. The circularized version shows dramatically improved stability, which could have implications for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Els Deridder
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Mylemans B, Laier I, Kamata K, Akashi S, Noguchi H, Tame JRH, Voet ARD. Structural plasticity of a designer protein sheds light on β-propeller protein evolution. FEBS J 2020; 288:530-545. [PMID: 32343866 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
β-propeller proteins are common in nature, where they are observed to adopt 4- to 10-fold internal rotational pseudo-symmetry. This size diversity can be explained by the evolutionary process of gene duplication and fusion. In this study, we investigated a distorted β-propeller protein, an apparent intermediate between two symmetries. From this template, we created a perfectly symmetric 9-bladed β-propeller named Cake, using computational design and ancestral sequence reconstruction. The designed repeat sequence was found to be capable of generating both 8-fold and 9-fold propellers which are highly stable. Cake variants with 2-10 identical copies of the repeat sequence were characterised by X-ray crystallography and in solution. They were found to be highly stable, and to self-assemble into 8- or 9-fold symmetrical propellers. These findings show that the β-propeller fold allows sufficient structural plasticity to permit a given blade to assemble different forms, a transition from even to odd changes in blade number, and provide a potential explanation for the wide diversity of repeat numbers observed in natural propeller proteins. DATABASE: Structural data are available in Protein Data Bank database under the accession numbers 6TJB, 6TJC, 6TJD, 6TJE, 6TJF, 6TJG, 6TJH and 6TJI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ina Laier
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Vandebroek L, Noguchi H, Kamata K, Tame JRH, Van Meervelt L, Parac-Vogt TN, Voet ARD. Hybrid assemblies of a symmetric designer protein and polyoxometalates with matching symmetry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11601-11604. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A symmetric designer protein forms hybrid complexes with different polyoxometalates and may serve as a building block for porous frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Vandebroek
- Laboratory for Bioinorganic Chemistry
- KU Leuven Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
- Biomolecular Architecture
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling and Design
- KU Leuven Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Kenichi Kamata
- Drug Design Laboratory
- Yokohama City University 1-7-29
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | | | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biomolecular Architecture
- KU Leuven Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Tatjana N. Parac-Vogt
- Laboratory for Bioinorganic Chemistry
- KU Leuven Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Arnout R. D. Voet
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling and Design
- KU Leuven Department of Chemistry
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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12
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Noguchi H, Addy C, Simoncini D, Wouters S, Mylemans B, Van Meervelt L, Schiex T, Zhang KYJ, Tame JRH, Voet ARD. Computational design of symmetrical eight-bladed β-propeller proteins. IUCrJ 2019; 6:46-55. [PMID: 30713702 PMCID: PMC6327176 DOI: 10.1107/s205225251801480x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
β-Propeller proteins form one of the largest families of protein structures, with a pseudo-symmetrical fold made up of subdomains called blades. They are not only abundant but are also involved in a wide variety of cellular processes, often by acting as a platform for the assembly of protein complexes. WD40 proteins are a subfamily of propeller proteins with no intrinsic enzymatic activity, but their stable, modular architecture and versatile surface have allowed evolution to adapt them to many vital roles. By computationally reverse-engineering the duplication, fusion and diversification events in the evolutionary history of a WD40 protein, a perfectly symmetrical homologue called Tako8 was made. If two or four blades of Tako8 are expressed as single polypeptides, they do not self-assemble to complete the eight-bladed architecture, which may be owing to the closely spaced negative charges inside the ring. A different computational approach was employed to redesign Tako8 to create Ika8, a fourfold-symmetrical protein in which neighbouring blades carry compensating charges. Ika2 and Ika4, carrying two or four blades per subunit, respectively, were found to assemble spontaneously into a complete eight-bladed ring in solution. These artificial eight-bladed rings may find applications in bionanotechnology and as models to study the folding and evolution of WD40 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Noguchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Addy
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - David Simoncini
- MIAT, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Staf Wouters
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Mylemans
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Schiex
- MIAT, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Kam Y. J. Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jeremy R. H. Tame
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
| | - Arnout R. D. Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence e-mail: ,
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13
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Abstract
We investigated symmetrical β-propeller protein scaffolds as artificial hydrolases and discovered their catalytic mechanism to be centred around a threonine–histidine dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Clarke
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Arnout R. D. Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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14
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Terada D, Voet ARD, Noguchi H, Kamata K, Ohki M, Addy C, Fujii Y, Yamamoto D, Ozeki Y, Tame JRH, Zhang KYJ. Computational design of a symmetrical β-trefoil lectin with cancer cell binding activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5943. [PMID: 28724971 PMCID: PMC5517649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational protein design has advanced very rapidly over the last decade, but there remain few examples of artificial proteins with direct medical applications. This study describes a new artificial β-trefoil lectin that recognises Burkitt’s lymphoma cells, and which was designed with the intention of finding a basis for novel cancer treatments or diagnostics. The new protein, called “Mitsuba”, is based on the structure of the natural shellfish lectin MytiLec-1, a member of a small lectin family that uses unique sequence motifs to bind α-D-galactose. The three subdomains of MytiLec-1 each carry one galactose binding site, and the 149-residue protein forms a tight dimer in solution. Mitsuba (meaning “three-leaf” in Japanese) was created by symmetry constraining the structure of a MytiLec-1 subunit, resulting in a 150-residue sequence that contains three identical tandem repeats. Mitsuba-1 was expressed and crystallised to confirm the X-ray structure matches the predicted model. Mitsuba-1 recognises cancer cells that express globotriose (Galα(1,4)Galβ(1,4)Glc) on the surface, but the cytotoxicity is abolished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Terada
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Arnout R D Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kenichi Kamata
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mio Ohki
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Christine Addy
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Glycobiology and Marine Biochemistry, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2, Seto, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ozeki
- Laboratory of Glycobiology and Marine Biochemistry, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2, Seto, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Jeremy R H Tame
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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15
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Verschueren K, Cobbaut M, Demaerel J, Saadah L, Voet ARD, Van Lint J, De Borggraeve WM. Discovery of a potent protein kinase D inhibitor: insights in the binding mode of pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine analogues. Medchemcomm 2017; 8:640-646. [PMID: 28890776 PMCID: PMC5567267 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00675b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we set out to rationally optimize PKD inhibitors based on the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold. The lead compound for this study was 1-NM-PP1, which was previously found by us and others to inhibit PKD. In our screening we identified one compound (3-IN-PP1) displaying a 10-fold increase in potency over 1-NM-PP1, opening new possibilities for specific protein kinase inhibitors for kinases that show sensitivity towards pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derived compounds. Interestingly the observed SAR was not in complete agreement with the commonly observed binding mode where the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compounds are bound in a similar fashion as PKD's natural ligand ATP. Therefore we suggest an alternate binding mode where the compounds are flipped 180 degrees. This possible alternate binding mode for pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine based compounds could pave the way for a new class of specific protein kinase inhibitors for kinases sensitive towards pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrmidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas Verschueren
- Department of Chemistry , Molecular Design and Synthesis , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , 3001 Leuven , Belgium .
| | - Mathias Cobbaut
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 901 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Joachim Demaerel
- Department of Chemistry , Molecular Design and Synthesis , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , 3001 Leuven , Belgium .
| | - Lina Saadah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 901 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Arnout R D Voet
- Department of Chemistry , Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling and Design , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200G , 3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Johan Van Lint
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 901 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry , Molecular Design and Synthesis , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , 3001 Leuven , Belgium .
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16
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Abstract
Monomeric proteins with a number of identical repeats creating symmetrical structures are potentially very valuable building blocks with a variety of bionanotechnological applications. As such proteins do not occur naturally, the emerging field of computational protein design serves as an excellent tool to create them from nonsymmetrical templates. Existing pseudo-symmetrical proteins are believed to have evolved from oligomeric precursors by duplication and fusion of identical repeats. Here we describe a computational workflow to reverse-engineer this evolutionary process in order to create stable proteins consisting of identical sequence repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnout R D Voet
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modelling and Design, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - David Simoncini
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- MIAT, UR-875, INRA, F-31320, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Jeremy R H Tame
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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17
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Prekovic S, van Royen ME, Voet ARD, Geverts B, Houtman R, Melchers D, Zhang KYJ, Van den Broeck T, Smeets E, Spans L, Houtsmuller AB, Joniau S, Claessens F, Helsen C. The Effect of F877L and T878A Mutations on Androgen Receptor Response to Enzalutamide. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1702-12. [PMID: 27196756 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment-induced mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor (AR) are known to change antagonists into agonists. Recently, the F877L mutation has been described to convert enzalutamide into an agonist. This mutation was seen to co-occur in the endogenous AR allele of LNCaP cells, next to the T878A mutation. Here, we studied the effects of enzalutamide on the F877L and T878A mutants, as well as the double-mutant AR (F877L/T878A). Molecular modeling revealed favorable structural changes in the double-mutant AR that lead to a decrease in steric clashes for enzalutamide. Ligand-binding assays confirmed that the F877L mutation leads to an increase in relative binding affinity for enzalutamide, but only the combination with the T878A mutation resulted in a strong agonistic activity. This correlated with changes in coregulator recruitment and chromatin interactions. Our data show that enzalutamide is only a very weak partial agonist of the AR F877L, and a strong partial agonist of the double-mutant AR. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1702-12. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Prekovic
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Arnout R D Voet
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan. Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Geverts
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Thomas Van den Broeck
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elien Smeets
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Spans
- Laboratory for Genetics of Malignant Disorders, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Christine Helsen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Voet ARD, Noguchi H, Addy C, Zhang KYJ, Tame JRH. Biomineralization of a Cadmium Chloride Nanocrystal by a Designed Symmetrical Protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Voet ARD, Noguchi H, Addy C, Zhang KYJ, Tame JRH. Biomineralization of a Cadmium Chloride Nanocrystal by a Designed Symmetrical Protein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9857-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnout R. D. Voet
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1‐7‐22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230‐0045 (Japan)
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Drug Design Laboratory, Yokohama City University, 1‐7‐29, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230‐0045 (Japan)
| | - Christine Addy
- Drug Design Laboratory, Yokohama City University, 1‐7‐29, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230‐0045 (Japan)
| | - Kam Y. J. Zhang
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1‐7‐22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230‐0045 (Japan)
| | - Jeremy R. H. Tame
- Drug Design Laboratory, Yokohama City University, 1‐7‐29, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230‐0045 (Japan)
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20
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Nishimura K, Addy C, Shrestha R, Voet ARD, Zhang KYJ, Ito Y, Tame JRH. The crystal and solution structure of YdiE from Escherichia coli. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:919-24. [PMID: 26144239 PMCID: PMC4498715 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15009140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-containing porphyrins are essential for all life as electron carriers. Since iron is poorly available in an oxidizing environment, bacterial growth may be restricted by iron limitation, and this has led to the evolution of a huge variety of iron-uptake systems. Among pathogens, iron scavenging from the haemoglobin of an animal host is a common means of acquiring sufficient iron for growth. The Isd system of Staphylococcus aureus is a well studied example; the bacterium devotes considerable resources to the construction of surface proteins that deftly remove haem from haemoglobin and pass it along a chain of related proteins, eventually delivering the haem to the cytoplasm, where it can be utilized or degraded. All organisms, however, must deal with haem and related molecules, which are by their nature hydrophobic and prone to precipitate, and which tend to promote the formation of reactive oxygen species. Chaperones are an obvious solution to the problem of maintaining a pool of haem for insertion into cytochromes without allowing naked haem to cause damage. YdiE is a very small protein from Escherichia coli of only 63 residues which may play a role in haem trafficking. Here, NMR analysis and the crystal structure of the protein to high resolution are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Nishimura
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Christine Addy
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Rojan Shrestha
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Arnout R. D. Voet
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kam Y. J. Zhang
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jeremy R. H. Tame
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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21
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Voet ARD, Noguchi H, Addy C, Simoncini D, Terada D, Unzai S, Park SY, Zhang KYJ, Tame JRH. Computational design of a self-assembling symmetrical β-propeller protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:15102-7. [PMID: 25288768 PMCID: PMC4210308 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412768111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The modular structure of many protein families, such as β-propeller proteins, strongly implies that duplication played an important role in their evolution, leading to highly symmetrical intermediate forms. Previous attempts to create perfectly symmetrical propeller proteins have failed, however. We have therefore developed a new and rapid computational approach to design such proteins. As a test case, we have created a sixfold symmetrical β-propeller protein and experimentally validated the structure using X-ray crystallography. Each blade consists of 42 residues. Proteins carrying 2-10 identical blades were also expressed and purified. Two or three tandem blades assemble to recreate the highly stable sixfold symmetrical architecture, consistent with the duplication and fusion theory. The other proteins produce different monodisperse complexes, up to 42 blades (180 kDa) in size, which self-assemble according to simple symmetry rules. Our procedure is suitable for creating nano-building blocks from different protein templates of desired symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnout R D Voet
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; and Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Christine Addy
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - David Simoncini
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; and
| | - Daiki Terada
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Satoru Unzai
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sam-Yong Park
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; and
| | - Jeremy R H Tame
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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22
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Voet ARD, Kumar A, Berenger F, Zhang KYJ. Combining in silico and in cerebro approaches for virtual screening and pose prediction in SAMPL4. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2014; 28:363-73. [PMID: 24446075 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-013-9702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The SAMPL challenges provide an ideal opportunity for unbiased evaluation and comparison of different approaches used in computational drug design. During the fourth round of this SAMPL challenge, we participated in the virtual screening and binding pose prediction on inhibitors targeting the HIV-1 integrase enzyme. For virtual screening, we used well known and widely used in silico methods combined with personal in cerebro insights and experience. Regular docking only performed slightly better than random selection, but the performance was significantly improved upon incorporation of additional filters based on pharmacophore queries and electrostatic similarities. The best performance was achieved when logical selection was added. For the pose prediction, we utilized a similar consensus approach that amalgamated the results of the Glide-XP docking with structural knowledge and rescoring. The pose prediction results revealed that docking displayed reasonable performance in predicting the binding poses. However, prediction performance can be improved utilizing scientific experience and rescoring approaches. In both the virtual screening and pose prediction challenges, the top performance was achieved by our approaches. Here we describe the methods and strategies used in our approaches and discuss the rationale of their performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnout R D Voet
- Zhang Initiative Research Unit, Institute Laboratories, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wakō, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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23
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Voet ARD, Ito A, Hirohama M, Matsuoka S, Tochio N, Kigawa T, Yoshida M, Zhang KYJ. Discovery of small molecule inhibitors targeting the SUMO–SIM interaction using a protein interface consensus approach. Med Chem Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a virtual screening approach incorporating the consensus of protein interactions that led to the discovery of non-peptidic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako, Japan
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako, Japan
| | - Mikako Hirohama
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation, CREST Research Project
- Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Seiji Matsuoka
- Drug Discovery Platforms Cooperation Division
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako, Japan
| | - Naoya Tochio
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics
- Quantitative Biology Center
- RIKEN
- Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takanori Kigawa
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics
- Quantitative Biology Center
- RIKEN
- Yokohama, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory
- RIKEN
- Wako, Japan
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako, Japan
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24
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Saerens SMG, Verstrepen KJ, Van Laere SDM, Voet ARD, Van Dijck P, Delvaux FR, Thevelein JM. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae EHT1 and EEB1 genes encode novel enzymes with medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester synthesis and hydrolysis capacity. J Biol Chem 2005; 281:4446-56. [PMID: 16361250 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m512028200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid ethyl esters are secondary metabolites produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and many other fungi. Their natural physiological role is not known but in fermentations of alcoholic beverages and other food products they play a key role as flavor compounds. Information about the metabolic pathways and enzymology of fatty acid ethyl ester biosynthesis, however, is very limited. In this work, we have investigated the role of a three-member S. cerevisiae gene family with moderately divergent sequences (YBR177c/EHT1, YPL095c/EEB1, and YMR210w). We demonstrate that two family members encode an acyl-coenzymeA:ethanol O-acyltransferase, an enzyme required for the synthesis of medium-chain fatty acid ethyl esters. Deletion of either one or both of these genes resulted in severely reduced medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester production. Purified glutathione S-transferase-tagged Eht1 and Eeb1 proteins both exhibited acyl-coenzymeA:ethanol O-acyltransferase activity in vitro, as well as esterase activity. Overexpression of Eht1 and Eeb1 did not enhance medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester content, which is probably due to the bifunctional synthesis and hydrolysis activity. Molecular modeling of Eht1 and Eeb1 revealed the presence of a alpha/beta-hydrolase fold, which is generally present in the substrate-binding site of esterase enzymes. Hence, our results identify Eht1 and Eeb1 as novel acyl-coenzymeA:ethanol O-acyltransferases/esterases, whereas the third family member, Ymr210w, does not seem to play an important role in medium-chain fatty acid ethyl ester formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie M G Saerens
- Centre for Food and Microbial Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.
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