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Kleis-Olsen AS, Farlov JE, Petersen EA, Schmücker M, Flensted-Jensen M, Blom I, Ingersen A, Hansen M, Helge JW, Dela F, Larsen S. Metabolic flexibility in postmenopausal women: Hormone replacement therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, and lower total fat mass. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024:e14117. [PMID: 38404156 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate effects of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women on factors associated with metabolic flexibility related to whole-body parameters including fat oxidation, resting energy expenditure, body composition and plasma concentrations of fatty acids, glucose, insulin, cortisol, and lipids, and for the mitochondrial level, including mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission. METHODS 22 postmenopausal women were included. 11 were undergoing estradiol and progestin treatment (HT), and 11 were matched non-treated controls (CONT). Peak oxygen consumption, maximal fat oxidation, glycated hemoglobin, body composition, and resting energy expenditure were measured. Blood samples were collected at rest and during 45 min of ergometer exercise (65% VO2 peak). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and immediately post-exercise. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria were measured, and citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) activity were assessed. RESULTS HT showed higher absolute mitochondrial respiratory capacity and post-exercise hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and higher CS and HAD activities. All respiration normalized to CS activity showed no significant group differences in permeabilized fibers or isolated mitochondria. There were no differences in resting energy expenditure, maximal, and resting fat oxidation or plasma markers. HT had significantly lower visceral and total fat mass compared to CONT. CONCLUSION Use of hormone therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content and respiratory capacity and a lower visceral and total fat mass. Resting energy expenditure and fat oxidation did not differ between HT and CONT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kleis-Olsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J E Farlov
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E A Petersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Schmücker
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Flensted-Jensen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Blom
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - J W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - S Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sahl RE, Patsi I, Hansen MT, Rømer T, Frandsen J, Rasmusen HK, Ingersen A, Poulsen SS, Dela F, Larsen S, Helge JW. Prolonged Endurance Exercise Increases Macrophage Content and Mitochondrial Respiration in Adipose Tissue in Trained Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e799-e808. [PMID: 37643899 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prolonged endurance exercise on adipose tissue inflammation markers and mitochondrial respiration in younger and older men. METHODS "Young" (aged 30 years, n = 7) and "old" (aged 65 years, n = 7) trained men were exposed to an exercise intervention of 15 consecutive days biking 7 to 9 hours/day at 63% and 65% of maximal heart rate (young and old, respectively), going from Copenhagen, Denmark to Palermo, Italy. Adipose tissue was sampled from both the gluteal and abdominal depot before and after the intervention. Mitochondrial respiration was measured by high-resolution respirometry, and adipose inflammation was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin embedded sections. RESULTS An increased number of CD163+ macrophages was observed in both the gluteal and abdominal depot (P < .01). In addition, an increased mitochondrial respiration was observed in the abdominal adipose tissue from men in the young group with complex I (CIp) stimulated respiration, complex I + II (CI+IIp) stimulated respiration and the capacity of the electron transport system (ETS) (P < .05), and in the older group an increase in CIp and CI+IIp stimulated respiration (P < .05) was found. CONCLUSION Overall, we found a positive effect of prolonged endurance exercise on adipose tissue inflammation markers and mitochondrial respiration in both young and old trained men, and no sign of attenuated function in adipose tissue with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni Eg Sahl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ioanna Patsi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Thunestvedt Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Tue Rømer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jacob Frandsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Hanne Kruuse Rasmusen
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Arthur Ingersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Steen Seier Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jørn Wulff Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Ingersen A, Soendenbroe C, Ahmed HI, Borch J, Moseholm KF, Dal MH, Kusta O, Bergien SO, Gillberg L. Should young researchers engage with interdisciplinary research?: A reflective proposal from early career researchers at the Center for Healthy Aging. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14053. [PMID: 37840373 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper Soendenbroe
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Haboon Ismail Ahmed
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Borch
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Frøsig Moseholm
- NNF CHALLENGE ("Harnessing the Power of Big Data to Address the Societal Challenge of Aging"), Center for Healthy Aging, Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Hyldig Dal
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olsi Kusta
- Department of Public Health, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Research in Assessment and Digital Learning (CRADLE), Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofie Olsgaard Bergien
- Department of Public Health, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Society, Valby, Denmark
| | - Linn Gillberg
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ingersen A, Schmücker M, Alexandersen C, Graungaard B, Thorngreen T, Borch J, Holst JJ, Helge JW, Dela F. Effects of Aerobic Training and Semaglutide Treatment on Pancreatic β-Cell Secretory Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2798-2811. [PMID: 37265222 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prior to this study, it is known that type 2 diabetes is linked to obesity and a sedentary lifestyle, leading to inadequate β-cell function and insulin resistance. Limited research has explored the metabolic effects of combining exercise training with antidiabetic medications, particularly focusing on insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderately preserved β-cell function. OBJECTIVE The effect of the interaction of semaglutide and physical training on pancreatic β-cell secretory function is unknown in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Thirty-one patients with type 2 diabetes underwent 12 weeks of aerobic training alone or concurrent to treatment with semaglutide. Patients randomly allocated to concurrent semaglutide and training were treated with semaglutide for 20 weeks before the training and evaluated at inclusion and again before and after the training intervention. Patients randomized to training were evaluated before and after training. The primary outcome was a change in insulin secretory capacity with training, evaluated by a 2-stepped hyperglycemic (20 and 30 mM) clamp. RESULTS Training increased the incremental area under the curve for insulin from 21 to 27 nM × 2 hours (ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.02-1.60) during clamp step 1 and from 40 to 64 nM × 2 hours (ratio 1.61, 95% CI 1.25-2.07) during step 2. Semaglutide treatment increased insulin secretion from 16 to 111 nM × 2 hours (ratio 7.10, 95% CI 3.68-13.71), and from 35 to 447 nM × 2 hours (ratio 12.74, 95% CI 5.65-28.71), correspondingly. Semaglutide and training increased insulin secretion from 130 to 171 nM × 2 hours (ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.06-1.63), and from 525 to 697 nM × 2 hours (ratio 1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.72), correspondingly. The median increase in total insulin secretion with the combination was 134 nM × 2 hours greater (95% CI 108-232) than with training. CONCLUSION The combination of aerobic training and semaglutide treatment synergistically improved β-cell secretory function. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, ID NCT04383197).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malte Schmücker
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Alexandersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Graungaard
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Thorngreen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Borch
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn Wulff Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lewis CT, Tabrizian L, Nielsen J, Laitila J, Beck TN, Olsen MS, Ognjanovic MM, Aagaard P, Hokken R, Laugesen S, Ingersen A, Andersen JL, Soendenbroe C, Helge JW, Dela F, Larsen S, Sahl RE, Rømer T, Hansen MT, Frandsen J, Suetta C, Ochala J. Physical activity impacts resting skeletal muscle myosin conformation and lowers its ATP consumption. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213268. [PMID: 37227464 PMCID: PMC10225618 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It has recently been established that myosin, the molecular motor protein, is able to exist in two conformations in relaxed skeletal muscle. These conformations are known as the super-relaxed (SRX) and disordered-relaxed (DRX) states and are finely balanced to optimize ATP consumption and skeletal muscle metabolism. Indeed, SRX myosins are thought to have a 5- to 10-fold reduction in ATP turnover compared with DRX myosins. Here, we investigated whether chronic physical activity in humans would be associated with changes in the proportions of SRX and DRX skeletal myosins. For that, we isolated muscle fibers from young men of various physical activity levels (sedentary, moderately physically active, endurance-trained, and strength-trained athletes) and ran a loaded Mant-ATP chase protocol. We observed that in moderately physically active individuals, the amount of myosin molecules in the SRX state in type II muscle fibers was significantly greater than in age-matched sedentary individuals. In parallel, we did not find any difference in the proportions of SRX and DRX myosins in myofibers between highly endurance- and strength-trained athletes. We did however observe changes in their ATP turnover time. Altogether, these results indicate that physical activity level and training type can influence the resting skeletal muscle myosin dynamics. Our findings also emphasize that environmental stimuli such as exercise have the potential to rewire the molecular metabolism of human skeletal muscle through myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T.A. Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lee Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jenni Laitila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas N. Beck
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathilde S. Olsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marija M. Ognjanovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rune Hokken
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simon Laugesen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Arthur Ingersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper L. Andersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper Soendenbroe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn W. Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ronni E. Sahl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tue Rømer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel T. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Frandsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julien Ochala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ingersen A, Helset HR, Calov M, Chabanova E, Harreskov EG, Jensen C, Hansen CN, Prats C, Helge JW, Larsen S, Dela F. Metabolic effects of alternate-day fasting in males with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1061063. [PMID: 36531168 PMCID: PMC9748572 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1061063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternate-day fasting induces oscillations in energy stores. We hypothesized that repeated oscillations increases insulin secretion and sensitivity, and improve metabolic health in patients with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Twenty-three male patients fasted every other day for 30 h for 6 weeks. Experiments included resting energy expenditure, continuous glucose monitoring, intravenous glucose tolerance test, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, body composition, hepatic triglyceride content, muscle biopsies which were performed at baseline, during 3 weeks without allowed weight loss, and after additional 3 weeks with weight loss. Bodyweight decreased ∼1% and further ∼3% during weeks one to three and four to six, respectively (p < 0.05). Only minor changes in fat mass occurred in weeks 1-3. With weight loss, visceral fat content decreased by 13 ± 3% and 12 ± 2% from baseline in patients with and without T2DM, respectively (p < 0.05). Hepatic triglyceride content decreased by 17 ± 9% and 36 ± 9% (with diabetes) and 27 ± 8% and 40 ± 8% (without diabetes) from baseline to week 3 and week 6, respectively (all p < 0.05). Muscle lipid and glycogen content oscillated with the intervention. Glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion and sensitivity was impaired in patients with T2DM and did not change without weight loss, but improved (p < 0.05) when alternate day fasting was combined with weight loss. In conclusion, alternate-day fasting is feasible in patients with obesity and T2DM, and decreases visceral fat and liver fat deposits. Energy store oscillations by alternate-day fasting do not improve insulin secretion or sensitivity per se. Clinical Trial registration: (ClinicalTrials.gov), (ID NCT02420054).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hildegunn Rømma Helset
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Monika Calov
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elizaveta Chabanova
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Gjerlevsen Harreskov
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Jensen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Neigaard Hansen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Prats
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn Wulff Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Frandsen J, Sahl RE, Rømer T, Hansen MT, Nielsen AB, Lie‐Olesen MM, Rasmusen HK, Søgaard D, Ingersen A, Rosenkilde M, Westerterp K, Holst JJ, Andersen JL, Markowski AR, Blachnio‐Zabielska A, Clemmensen C, Sacchetti M, Cataldo A, Traina M, Larsen S, Dela F, Helge JW. Extreme duration exercise affects old and younger men differently. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 235:e13816. [PMID: 35347845 PMCID: PMC9287057 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim & Methods Extreme endurance exercise provides a valuable research model for understanding the adaptive metabolic response of older and younger individuals to intense physical activity. Here, we compare a wide range of metabolic and physiologic parameters in two cohorts of seven trained men, age 30 ± 5 years or age 65 ± 6 years, before and after the participants travelled ≈3000 km by bicycle over 15 days. Results Over the 15‐day exercise intervention, participants lost 2–3 kg fat mass with no significant change in body weight. V̇O2max did not change in younger cyclists, but decreased (p = 0.06) in the older cohort. The resting plasma FFA concentration decreased markedly in both groups, and plasma glucose increased in the younger group. In the older cohort, plasma LDL‐cholesterol and plasma triglyceride decreased. In skeletal muscle, fat transporters CD36 and FABPm remained unchanged. The glucose handling proteins GLUT4 and SNAP23 increased in both groups. Mitochondrial ROS production decreased in both groups, and ADP sensitivity increased in skeletal muscle in the older but not in the younger cohort. Conclusion In summary, these data suggest that older but not younger individuals experience a negative adaptive response affecting cardiovascular function in response to extreme endurance exercise, while a positive response to the same exercise intervention is observed in peripheral tissues in younger and older men. The results also suggest that the adaptive thresholds differ in younger and old men, and this difference primarily affects central cardiovascular functions in older men after extreme endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Frandsen
- Xlab Center for Healthy Aging Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ronni Eg Sahl
- Xlab Center for Healthy Aging Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Tue Rømer
- Xlab Center for Healthy Aging Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mikkel Thunestvedt Hansen
- Xlab Center for Healthy Aging Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Andreas Blaaholm Nielsen
- Xlab Center for Healthy Aging Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Michelle Munk Lie‐Olesen
- Xlab Center for Healthy Aging Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Hanne Kruuse Rasmusen
- Department of Cardiology Bispebjerg‐Frederiksberg University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Ditte Søgaard
- Xlab Center for Healthy Aging Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Arthur Ingersen
- Xlab Center for Healthy Aging Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mads Rosenkilde
- Xlab Center for Healthy Aging Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Klaas Westerterp
- NUTRIM Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jesper Løvind Andersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Adam Roman Markowski
- Epidemiology and Metabolic disorder Department Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland
| | | | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Massimo Sacchetti
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences University of Rome “Foro Italico” Rome Italy
| | - Angelo Cataldo
- Department of Sports Science (DISMOT) University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Marcello Traina
- Department of Sports Science (DISMOT) University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab Center for Healthy Aging Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab Center for Healthy Aging Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics Bispebjerg‐Frederiksberg University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jørn Wulff Helge
- Xlab Center for Healthy Aging Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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8
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Sahl RE, Høy Helms EF, Schmücker M, Flensted-Jensen M, Ingersen A, Morville T, Dela F, Helge JW, Larsen S. Reliability and variation in mitochondrial respiration in human adipose tissue. Adipocyte 2021; 10:605-611. [PMID: 34709990 PMCID: PMC8632116 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1991617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue mitochondrial function is gaining increasing interest since it is a good marker of overall health. Methodological challenges and variability in assessing mitochondrial respiration in fresh adipose tissue with high-resolution respirometry are unknown and should be explored. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity (MRC) in human adipose tissue declines in a gradual manner when analyses are postponed 3 h and 24 h, with a statistically significant decline 24 h after obtaining the biopsy. This decline in MRC is associated with a reduced integrity of the outer mitochondrial membrane at both time points. This study suggests that the optimal amount of tissue to be used is 20 mg and that different technicians handling the biopsy do not affect MRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni Eg Sahl
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Eva Frederikke Høy Helms
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Malte Schmücker
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Mathias Flensted-Jensen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Arthur Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Morville
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Jørn Wulff Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging – Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Mærsk Tower, Panum, Copenhagen-N, Denmark
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9
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Frandsen J, Hansen IMD, Wismann JF, Olsen MH, Brage-Andersen MR, Sahl RE, Hansen M, Ingersen A, Modvig JL, Schmücker M, Grauslund CH, Dela F, Larsen S, Helge JW. Maximal Fat Oxidation Rate Is Higher in Fit Women and Unfit Women With Obesity, Compared to Normal-weight Unfit Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4389-e4399. [PMID: 34185854 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) is higher in aerobically fit vs unfit young men, but this training-related increase in MFO is attenuated in middle-aged men. Further, it has also been found that unfit men with obesity may have an elevated MFO compared to unfit normal-weight men. OBJECTIVE Based hereupon, we aimed to investigate whether a fitness-related higher MFO were attenuated in middle-aged women compared to young women. Also, we aimed to investigate if unfit women with obesity have a higher MFO compared to unfit normal-weight women. We hypothesized that the training-related elevated MFO was attenuated in middle-aged women, but that unfit women with obesity would have an elevated MFO compared to unfit normal-weight women. METHODS We recruited 70 women stratified into 6 groups: young fit (n = 12), young unfit (n = 12) middle-aged fit (n = 12), middle-aged unfit (n = 12), unfit young women with obesity (n = 12), and unfit middle-aged women with obesity (n = 10). Body composition and resting blood samples were obtained and MFO was measured by a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer via indirect calorimetry. Subsequently, a maximal exercise test was performed to establish peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak). RESULTS Young and middle-aged fit women had a higher MFO compared to age-matched unfit women, and young fit women had a higher MFO compared to fit middle-aged women. Unfit women with obesity, independent of age, had a higher MFO compared to their normal-weight and unfit counterparts. CONCLUSION The training-related increase in MFO seems maintained in middle-aged women, and we find that unfit women with obesity, independent of age, have a higher MFO compared to unfit normal-weight women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Frandsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ida Marie Dahlgaard Hansen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Julie Fensmark Wismann
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Maria Høyer Olsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Morten Runge Brage-Andersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ronni Eg Sahl
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Maria Hansen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Arthur Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Johanne Louise Modvig
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Malte Schmücker
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Camilla Honoré Grauslund
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, PL-15-098 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jørn Wulff Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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10
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Regnersgaard S, Knudsen AK, Lindskov FO, Mratinkovic M, Pressel E, Ingersen A, Dela F. Down stair walking: A simple method to increase muscle mass and performance in 65+ year healthy people. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:279-288. [PMID: 33241972 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1856936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is important for prevention of sarcopenia in the elderly population. We tested two training modalities, ascending or descending stair walking, representing concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) exercise, respectively. We also tested the effects of additional weight during eccentric exercise (ECC+). Thirty-two healthy men and women (70 ± 3 [mean ± SE] yrs.) were randomly assigned to CON, ECC, or ECC+ (carrying +15% of body weight in a vest) in a 3 (n = 32) or 6 (n = 21) week intervention (3 sessions/week). Data was analysed by mixed models approach. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE; Borg scale 6-20; mean values from 3 and 6 weeks) during training did not differ between CON (12.3 ± 0.4), ECC (11.5 ± 0.3), and ECC+ (11.7 ± 0.4). After 6 weeks, leg muscle mass increased more in ECC+ (+0.29 ± 0.09 kg) vs CON (+0.08 ± 0.05 kg) (P<0.05) but not different from ECC (+0.16 ± 0.06 kg). 6-minute walk test (6MWT) increased after 6 weeks more (P<0.05) in ECC+ (+85 ± 23 m) compared with ECC (+37 ± 13 m) and CON (+27 ± 12 m). Intramyocellular glycogen content increased from 359 ± 19 nmol/mg d.w. in CON (to 511 ± 65 and 471 ± 44 after 3 and 6 wks, respectfully (P<0.05)), but not in ECC (to 344 ± 28 after 6 weeks) or in ECC+ (to 389 ± 20 after 6 weeks). Conclusion: carrying extra weight while descending stair walking do not increase RPE, but the ECC+ training resulted in greater muscle responses compared with CON, but glycogen synthesis was stimulated only in CON. Descending stairs is a simple model for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia and the stimulus is enhanced by carrying extra weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Regnersgaard
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Xlab, Centre for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna K Knudsen
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filippa O Lindskov
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marija Mratinkovic
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eckart Pressel
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arthur Ingersen
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Xlab, Centre for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Xlab, Centre for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Dela F, Ingersen A, Andersen NB, Nielsen MB, Petersen HHH, Hansen CN, Larsen S, Wojtaszewski J, Helge JW. Effects of one-legged high-intensity interval training on insulin-mediated skeletal muscle glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13245. [PMID: 30585698 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on glucose clearance rates in skeletal muscle and explore the mechanism within the muscle. METHODS Ten males with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and ten matched healthy subjects performed 2 weeks of one-legged HIIT (total of eight sessions, each comprised of 10 × 1 minute ergometer bicycle exercise at >80% of maximal heart rate, interspersed with one min of rest). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by an isoglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp combined with arteriovenous leg balance technique of the trained (T) and the untrained (UT) leg and muscle biopsies of both legs. RESULTS Insulin-stimulated glucose clearance in T legs was ~30% higher compared with UT legs in both groups due to increased blood flow in T vs UT legs and maintained glucose extraction. With each training session, muscle glycogen content decreased only in the training leg, and after the training, glycogen synthase and citrate synthase activities were higher in T vs UT legs. No major changes occurred in the expression of proteins in the insulin signalling cascade. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was similar in T2DM and healthy subjects, and unchanged by HIIT. CONCLUSION HIIT improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. With HIIT, the skeletal muscle of patients with T2DM becomes just as insulin sensitive as untrained muscle in healthy subjects. The mechanism includes oscillations in muscle glycogen stores and a maintained ability to extract glucose from the blood in the face of increased blood flow in the trained leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics Bispebjerg University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Arthur Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nynne B. Andersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Maria B. Nielsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Helga H. H. Petersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Christina N. Hansen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland
| | - Jørgen Wojtaszewski
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jørn Wulff Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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12
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Dela F, Finkenzeller T, Ingersen A, Pötzelsberger B, Müller E. Trajectories of cardio-metabolic health in successful aging. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29 Suppl 1:44-51. [PMID: 30570171 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max ) and muscle mass decrease with age. The loss of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength is accelerated with physical inactivity and has well-documented consequences for morbidity and all-cause mortality. Participation in exercise training programs will improve one or more of the cardio-metabolic risk factors, but the long-term effects of such programs are questionable. Here, we re-examined 25 old (72 ± 4 years.) men and women who considered him/herself as "success-full agers" and were participants in a 3-month alpine skiing training program 6 years earlier. The program focused on healthy aging and included health questionnaires, measurement of lipids and glycemic parameters in blood and a VO2max test. Thirteen and 12 subjects were in the intervention (IG) and the control group (CG), respectively. In response to the training program, subjects improved their cardio-metabolic risk factors. However, after 6 years all positive effects had disappeared. Approximately 80% of the subjects had total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol above and HDL cholesterol below the recommended values, but these subjects remained the most metabolically deteriorated, including an increase in fasting glucose concentrations. We conclude that people seem to follow their individual trajectory in terms of cardio-metabolic risk factors, and participation in a relatively short lasting exercise training program with emphasis on healthy aging does not change that. Long-lasting change in lifestyle probably requires a continued attentional focus, goal setting, and feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Dela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Finkenzeller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Arthur Ingersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgit Pötzelsberger
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Erich Müller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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