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Villa Diez R, Rodríguez-Revuelta J, Espandian A, Menéndez-Miranda I, Dal Santo F, García-Portilla MP, Flórez G, Bobes J, Sáiz Martínez PA. Learning and verbal memory: A comparison between patients with alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder. Adicciones 2024; 36:21-30. [PMID: 34882245 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Brain damage related to alcohol consumption is associated with impairments in cognitive functions, among which memory and verbal learning stand out. The main objective is to evaluate memory and verbal learning in a sample of 111 patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) versus 78 with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 100 healthy controls. The evaluation included sociodemographic and clinical variables, the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDRS) and the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). One-way ANOVA was used for comparisons between the 3 groups and two-way ANCOVAS including different covariates. The one-way ANOVA shows that patients with AUD and MDD had scores similar to each other and lower than those of the control group (p < 0.001), with the exception of the Cued CVLT (worse scores in MDD vs AUD, p < 0.001). After including age, sex and years of completed studies as covariates, the differences between the AUD and MDD groups persisted compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.003) in all indices except for the Immediate Free CVLT and the Cued CVLT (worse performance in MDD vs AUD, p = 0.022 and p = 0.035, respectively). In the second ANCOVA, after controlling for depression severity, differences were only detected between AUD patients and healthy controls (p ≤ 0.007). Patients with AUD present a significant impairment in learning and verbal memory when compared with patients with MDD and with healthy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Villa Diez
- Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), España Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), España Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, España.
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Flórez G, Espandian A, Llorens N, Seoane-Pillado T, Saiz P. Suicide deaths and substance use in the Galician provinces between 2006 and 2020. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1242069. [PMID: 37645637 PMCID: PMC10461002 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1242069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a serious public health problem that affects our entire country, including the Galician provinces. The aim of this research was to study the variation in completed suicide rates, between 2006 and 2020, in the different Galician provinces and their relationship with the consumption of addictive substances. Methods Completed suicide data from the Spanish Office for National Statistics and the Institute of Legal Medicine of Galicia were analyzed with a Joinpoint regression model to determine time trends. The relationship between the variation in completed suicide rates with sociodemographic variables obtained from the Spanish Office for National Statistics and variables related to the consumption of substances obtained from the survey on alcohol and other drugs in Spain (EDADES) of the Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs was also analyzed. Results The Joinpoint regression model did not reveal any point of significant change in the period studied for any Galician province. The following variables correlated positively with the variation in completed suicide rates in the Galician provinces: masculinity ratio, average age, daily alcohol consumption and daily illegal substance consumption. Conclusion Applying preventive strategies on the daily consumption of alcohol and illegal substances would help reduce the rates of completed suicide in the Galician provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Flórez
- Addictive Treatment Unit, Ourense University Hospital, Ourense, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Noelia Llorens
- Spanish Observatory of Drugs and Addictions, Government Delegation for the National Plan on Drugs, Spanish Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Seoane-Pillado
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña – INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pilar Saiz
- Centre for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain
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Zapico-Merayo Y, Pelayo-Terán J, Vega-García S, Garcia Llamas M, Landera-Rodríguez R, Espandian A. Changes in psychiatric emergencies during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in El Bierzo (Spain). Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9563537 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
The interest have focused in the effects of COVID-19 in mental symptoms. However, the pandemic and restrictions such as the lockdown decreed in Spain limited access to resources and lead to a change in assistance organization.
Objectives
to compare the incidence and characteristics of psychiatric emergencies during the Spanish 2020 Lockdown with the same period in 2019
Methods
All the emergencies attended the the emergency room (Hospital El Bierzo) From 01/02/2019 to 30/06/2019 and those from 01/02/2020 to 30/06/2020 were analysed by two senior psychiatrists. Cases were selected if attended by any psychiatric reason. The cases were evalueated identifying ICD-10 diagnosis (according to clinical records and best criteria matching), sociodemographics, factors associated to the emergency and resolution.
Results
23360 cases were attended in 2019 (799 psychiatric), 14907 (578) in 2020. That means a 36.19% of reduction in general emergencies and 27.66% in psychiatric emergencies (psychiatric emergencies proportion increased form 3.42% to 4.03%). The reduction started the week just before the lockdown declaration, minimal records coincided with the highest COVID-19 incidence and the recovery starts in early june for psychiatric and late June for general emergencies (figure 1). A decrease of 62.79% of anxiety cases and 45.9% of depresion was observed with no incresaes in any diagnosis. A slight increase in suicide attempts (two cases) was observed.
Conclusions
The lockdown seem to decrease psychiatric emergency care. Only suicidability was maintained/increased during the period. Psychiatry services must be aware of the risk of unattended inicidence that may cause an increase of cases after the lockdown.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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Espandian A, Flórez G, Peleteiro LF, Tajes M, Sáiz PA, Villa R, Bobes J. Intervention strategies in the prevention of suicidal behavior in substance use disorders patients in times of COVID-19. Adicciones 2021; 33:185-192. [PMID: 34320219 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Villa R, Espandian A, Sáiz Martínez PA, Rodríguez Revuelta J, García-Portilla MP, Bobes J, Flórez G. Cognitive functioning after six months of follow-up in a sample of alcohol use disorder outpatients. Adicciones 2021; 34:309-322. [PMID: 34171113 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Until now, no follow-up studies had simultaneously evaluated executive functions, other non-executive functions related cognitive func-tions, and impulsivity in a large enough sample of moderate to severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients. The main objective of the present study was to compare neuropsychological performance and its relation to alcohol use in patients with AUD and healthy controls, and to determine the evolution of cognitive impairment and alcohol use over time. For this purpose, a 6-month follow-up study was designed to compare a sample of 100 outpatients with AUD (DSM-5 criteria) with 100 matched healthy controls. The patient group was recruited from three different health centres in Spain located in Orense, Gijón and Barcelona. The assessment consisted of a systematic battery of cognitive tests to evaluate the following functions: attention, anterograde memory, processing speed, verbal fluency, executive function, and implicit attitude toward alcoholic beverages. We also compared clinical variables associated with alcohol use, such as alcohol craving and impulsivity. After 6 months, anterograde memory, working memory, and resistance to interference improved remarkably in AUD patients, although not enough to match the normal population. With regard to clinical variables, there was a small but significant cognitive improve-ment related to a reduction in alcohol use and impulsivity. Executive dysfunction and other non-executive functions related cognitive func-tions impairment can be considered prognostic factors in outpatients with moderate to severe AUD.
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Villa R, Espandian A, Sáiz PA, Astals M, Valencia JK, Martínez-Santamaría E, Álvarez S, García-Portilla MP, Bobes J, Flórez G. Cognitive functioning in patients with alcohol use disorder who start outpatient treatment. Adicciones 2021; 33:161-174. [PMID: 31342077 DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study is to analyze the presence of cognitive impairment associated with alcohol consumption in patients with moderate or severe alcohol use disorder seeking outpatient treatment for their dependence. To do this, we compared a sample of 111 patients with active alcohol use disorder who initiated ambulatory treatment with 100 healthy controls. We compared sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with alcohol consumption, such as alcohol craving and impulsivity. A systematized battery of cognitive tests was also used in the comparison, which allowed the evaluation of the following functions: Attention, anterograde memory, processing speed, verbal fluency, executive function and implicit attitude towards alcoholic beverages. Compared with healthy controls, patients with moderate or severe alcohol use disorder performed significantly worse in all tests used, and therefore in all cognitive functions evaluated, but for two tests, the Iowa Gambling Test and the Implicit Association Test. The analysis through a correlation matrix of the patient group indicates that patients who report more impulsivity and more chronic alcohol abuse and with more addiction are those who suffer greater deterioration in their cognitive function. Cognitive damage associated with alcohol consumption was distributed heterogeneously among patients. The present study confirms the presence of cognitive deterioration associated with alcohol consumption in patients seeking outpatient treatment.
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Abstract
Editorial of vol. 31-1.
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Kirkbride JB, Hameed Y, Ioannidis K, Ankireddypalli G, Crane CM, Nasir M, Kabacs N, Metastasio A, Jenkins O, Espandian A, Spyridi S, Ralevic D, Siddabattuni S, Walden B, Adeoye A, Perez J, Jones PB. Ethnic Minority Status, Age-at-Immigration and Psychosis Risk in Rural Environments: Evidence From the SEPEA Study. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:1251-1261. [PMID: 28521056 PMCID: PMC5737276 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several ethnic minority groups experience elevated rates of first-episode psychosis (FEP), but most studies have been conducted in urban settings. We investigated whether incidence varied by ethnicity, generation status, and age-at-immigration in a diverse, mixed rural, and urban setting. METHOD We identified 687 people, 16-35 years, with an ICD-10 diagnosis of FEP, presenting to Early Intervention Psychosis services in the East of England over 2 million person-years. We used multilevel Poisson regression to examine incidence variation by ethnicity, rural-urban setting, generation status, and age-at-immigration, adjusting for several confounders including age, sex, socioeconomic status, population density, and deprivation. RESULTS People of black African (incidence rate ratio: 4.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.63-6.25), black Caribbean (4.63; 95% CI: 2.38-8.98) and Pakistani (2.31; 95% CI: 1.35-3.94) origins were at greatest FEP risk relative to the white British population, after multivariable adjustment. Non-British white migrants were not at increased FEP risk (1.00; 95% CI: 0.77-1.32). These patterns were independently present in rural and urban settings. For first-generation migrants, migration during childhood conferred greatest risk of psychotic disorders (2.20; 95% CI: 1.33-3.62). CONCLUSIONS Elevated psychosis risk in several visible minority groups could not be explained by differences in postmigratory socioeconomic disadvantage. These patterns were observed across rural and urban areas of our catchment, suggesting that elevated psychosis risk for some ethnic minority groups is not a result of selection processes influencing rural-urban living. Timing of exposure to migration during childhood, an important social and neurodevelopmental window, may also elevate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Kirkbride
- PsyLife Group, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 6th Floor Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7NF, UK; tel: 44-(0)-20-7679-9297, e-mail:
| | | | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Carolyn M Crane
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nikolett Kabacs
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Ashkan Espandian
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | - Styliani Spyridi
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Suneetha Siddabattuni
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ben Walden
- Norfolk & Suffolk Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Jesus Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, UK
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Kirkbride JB, Hameed Y, Ankireddypalli G, Ioannidis K, Crane CM, Nasir M, Kabacs N, Metastasio A, Jenkins O, Espandian A, Spyridi S, Ralevic D, Siddabattuni S, Walden B, Adeoye A, Perez J, Jones PB. The Epidemiology of First-Episode Psychosis in Early Intervention in Psychosis Services: Findings From the Social Epidemiology of Psychoses in East Anglia [SEPEA] Study. Am J Psychiatry 2017; 174:143-153. [PMID: 27771972 PMCID: PMC5939990 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have characterized the epidemiology of first-episode psychoses in rural or urban settings since the introduction of early intervention psychosis services. To address this, the authors conducted a naturalistic cohort study in England, where such services are well established. METHOD All new first-episode psychosis cases, 16-35 years old, presenting to early intervention psychosis services in the East of England were identified during 2 million person-years follow-up. Presence of ICD-10 F10-33 psychotic disorder was confirmed using OPCRIT [operational criteria for psychotic illness]. Incidence rate ratios were estimated following multivariable Poisson regression, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, neighborhood-level deprivation, and population density. RESULTS Of 1,005 referrals, 687 participants (68.4%) fulfilled epidemiological and diagnostic criteria for first-episode psychosis (34.0 new cases per 100,000 person-years; 95% CI=31.5-36.6). Median age at referral was similar for men (22.5 years; interquartile range: 19.5-26.7) and women (23.4 years; interquartile range: 19.5-29.1); incidence rates were highest for men and women before 20 years of age. Rates increased for ethnic minority groups (incidence rate ratio: 1.4; 95% CI=1.1-1.6), as well as with lower socioeconomic status (incidence rate ratio: 1.3; 95% CI=1.2-1.4) and in more urban (incidence rate ratio: 1.4;95%CI=1.0-1.8) and deprived (incidence rate ratio: 2.1; 95% CI=1.3-3.3) neighborhoods, after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Pronounced variation in psychosis incidence, peaking before 20 years old, exists in populations served by early intervention psychosis services. Excess rates were restricted to urban and deprived communities, suggesting that a threshold of socioenvironmental adversity may be necessary to increase incidence. This robust epidemiology can inform service development in various settings about likely population-level need.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Kirkbride
- PsyLife group, Division of Psychiatry, UCL, London, W1T 7NF,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ,Corresponding author: Dr James Kirkbride, Sir Henry Dale Fellow, Division of Psychiatry, 6th Floor Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, UCL, London, W1T 7NF, UK. Tel: +44 (0) 20 7679 9297
| | - Yasir Hameed
- Norfolk & Suffolk Foundation Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, NR6 5BE
| | | | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ,Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust, and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB21 5EF
| | - Carolyn M. Crane
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust, and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB21 5EF
| | - Mukhtar Nasir
- Norfolk & Suffolk Foundation Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, NR6 5BE
| | - Nikolett Kabacs
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust, and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB21 5EF
| | | | - Oliver Jenkins
- Norfolk & Suffolk Foundation Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, NR6 5BE
| | - Ashkan Espandian
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust, and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB21 5EF
| | - Styliani Spyridi
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust, and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB21 5EF
| | - Danica Ralevic
- Norfolk & Suffolk Foundation Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, NR6 5BE
| | | | - Ben Walden
- Norfolk & Suffolk Foundation Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, NR6 5BE
| | - Adewale Adeoye
- Norfolk & Suffolk Foundation Trust, Norwich, Norfolk, NR6 5BE
| | - Jesus Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ,Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust, and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB21 5EF
| | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ,Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation Trust, and NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB21 5EF
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