1
|
Abstract
Little is known about the significance of mothers' attachment for neurobiological responding during interactions with infants. To address this gap, this study examined links between mothers' (N = 139) attachment representations and dynamic change in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) while interacting with infants in the Still-Face Procedure (SFP). Mothers higher on secure base script knowledge (SBSK) exhibited greater RSA reactivity during the SFP characterized by lower RSA during normal play, higher RSA during the still-face, and lower RSA during reunion. Findings indicate that mothers higher on SBSK exhibit RSA responding expected to support active behavioral coping during normal play and reunion - consistent with the need to engage infants in social interaction - and RSA responding during the still-face expected to support efforts to calm the body and empathize with their infant during this distressing social disruption. Findings advance knowledge of the significance of adult attachment for the neurobiology of caregiving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Xu
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Ashley M Groh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Penner F, Wall KM, Guan KW, Huang HJ, Richardson L, Dunbar AS, Groh AM, Rutherford HJV. Racial disparities in EEG research and their implications for our understanding of the maternal brain. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2023; 23:1-16. [PMID: 36414837 PMCID: PMC9684773 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01040-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Racial disparities in maternal health are alarming and persistent. Use of electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs) to understand the maternal brain can improve our knowledge of maternal health by providing insight into mechanisms underlying maternal well-being, including implications for child development. However, systematic racial bias exists in EEG methodology-particularly for Black individuals-and in psychological and health research broadly. This paper discusses these biases in the context of EEG/ERP research on the maternal brain. First, we assess the racial/ethnic diversity of existing ERP studies of maternal neural responding to infant/child emotional expressions, using papers from a recent meta-analysis, finding that the majority of mothers represented in this research are of White/European ancestry and that the racially and ethnically diverse samples that are present are limited in terms of geography. Therefore, our current knowledge base in this area may be biased and not generalizable across racially diverse mothers. We outline factors underlying this problem, beginning with the racial bias in EEG equipment that systematically excludes individuals of African descent, and also considering factors specific to research with mothers. Finally, we highlight recent innovations to EEG hardware to better accommodate diverse hairstyles and textures, and other important steps to increase racial and ethnic representativeness in EEG/ERP research with mothers. We urge EEG/ERP researchers who study the maternal brain-including our own research group-to take action to increase racial diversity so that this research area can confidently inform understanding of maternal health and contribute to minimizing maternal health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn M Wall
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathleen W Guan
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Helen J Huang
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Lietsel Richardson
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Angel S Dunbar
- Department of African American Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ashley M Groh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dagan O, Groh AM, Madigan S, Bernard K. Correction: Dagan et al. A Lifespan Development Theory of Insecure Attachment and Internalizing Symptoms: Integrating Meta-Analytic Evidence via a Testable Evolutionary Mis/Match Hypothesis. Brain Sci. 2021, 11, 1226. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070820. [PMID: 35884765 PMCID: PMC9312824 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the original article [...]
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Or Dagan
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ashley M. Groh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada;
| | - Kristin Bernard
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gartstein MA, Seamon DE, Mattera JA, Bosquet Enlow M, Wright RJ, Perez-Edgar K, Buss KA, LoBue V, Bell MA, Goodman SH, Spieker S, Bridgett DJ, Salisbury AL, Gunnar MR, Mliner SB, Muzik M, Stifter CA, Planalp EM, Mehr SA, Spelke ES, Lukowski AF, Groh AM, Lickenbrock DM, Santelli R, Du Rocher Schudlich T, Anzman-Frasca S, Thrasher C, Diaz A, Dayton C, Moding KJ, Jordan EM. Using machine learning to understand age and gender classification based on infant temperament. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266026. [PMID: 35417495 PMCID: PMC9007342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and gender differences are prominent in the temperament literature, with the former particularly salient in infancy and the latter noted as early as the first year of life. This study represents a meta-analysis utilizing Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (IBQ-R) data collected across multiple laboratories (N = 4438) to overcome limitations of smaller samples in elucidating links among temperament, age, and gender in early childhood. Algorithmic modeling techniques were leveraged to discern the extent to which the 14 IBQ-R subscale scores accurately classified participating children as boys (n = 2,298) and girls (n = 2,093), and into three age groups: youngest (< 24 weeks; n = 1,102), mid-range (24 to 48 weeks; n = 2,557), and oldest (> 48 weeks; n = 779). Additionally, simultaneous classification into age and gender categories was performed, providing an opportunity to consider the extent to which gender differences in temperament are informed by infant age. Results indicated that overall age group classification was more accurate than child gender models, suggesting that age-related changes are more salient than gender differences in early childhood with respect to temperament attributes. However, gender-based classification was superior in the oldest age group, suggesting temperament differences between boys and girls are accentuated with development. Fear emerged as the subscale contributing to accurate classifications most notably overall. This study leads infancy research and meta-analytic investigations more broadly in a new direction as a methodological demonstration, and also provides most optimal comparative data for the IBQ-R based on the largest and most representative dataset to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children’s Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Koraly Perez-Edgar
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Kristin A. Buss
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Vanessa LoBue
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America
| | | | | | - Susan Spieker
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Amy L. Salisbury
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Megan R. Gunnar
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Shanna B. Mliner
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Maria Muzik
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Stifter
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Samuel A. Mehr
- Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Ashley M. Groh
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | | | - Rebecca Santelli
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, VA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Anjolii Diaz
- Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Dayton
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | | | - Evan M. Jordan
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borowski SK, Groh AM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Fearon P, Roisman GI, van IJzendoorn MH, Vaughn BE. The significance of early temperamental reactivity for children's social competence with peers: A meta-analytic review and comparison with the role of early attachment. Psychol Bull 2022; 147:1125-1158. [PMID: 35238583 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Early temperamental reactivity and attachment security are key predictors of children's social competence with peers. Leveraging meta-analytic evaluation of the significance of early attachment for social competence already available (Groh et al., 2014), this quantitative review examined the significance of early temperamental reactivity for social competence with peers and compared the strength of this association with that for attachment. Based on 140 independent samples (u = 382; N = 49,891), the meta-analytic association between early difficult temperament and (lower) social competence was significant (r = 0.13, z = 0.13; 95% CI [0.11, 0.16]), but decreased as time between assessments increased. Findings were similar for negative and positive emotionality. Greater negative emotionality was associated with lower social competence (r = 0.14, z = 0.14; 95% CI [0.11, 0.17], k = 93, u = 172), and greater positive emotionality was associated with better social competence (r = 0.18, z = 0.18; 95% CI [0.12, 0.24], k = 43, u = 54). Meta-analytic associations were reduced when overlapping informants and overlapping items in temperament and social competence assessments were excluded (difficult temperament: r = 0.10, z = 0.10; 95% CI [0.06, 0.13]; negative emotionality: r = 0.10, z = 0.10; 95% CI [0.05, 0.15]; positive emotionality: r = 0.10, z = 0.10; 95% CI [0.06, 0.14]). Meta-analytic associations between these broadband temperament dimensions and social competence were smaller than the meta-analytic association between attachment security and social competence. Discussion focuses on the developmental significance of early temperament for social competence and ways to reconcile literatures on early temperament and attachment in future research on the developmental antecedents of children's social competence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley M Groh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
| | | | - Pasco Fearon
- Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Forslund T, Granqvist P, IJzendoorn MHV, Sagi-Schwartz A, Glaser D, Steele M, Hammarlund M, Schuengel C, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Steele H, Shaver PR, Lux U, Simmonds J, Jacobvitz D, Groh AM, Bernard K, Cyr C, Hazen NL, Foster S, Psouni E, Cowan PA, Cowan CP, Rifkin-Graboi A, Wilkins D, Pierrehumbert B, Tarabulsy GM, Cárcamo RA, Wang Z, Liang X, Kázmierczak M, Pawlicka P, Ayiro L, Chansa T, Sichimba F, Mooya H, McLean L, Verissimo M, Gojman-de-Millán S, Moretti MM, Bacro F, Peltola MJ, Galbally M, Kondo-Ikemura K, Behrens KY, Scott S, Rodriguez AF, Spencer R, Posada G, Cassibba R, Barrantes-Vidal N, Palacios J, Barone L, Madigan S, Mason-Jones K, Reijman S, Juffer F, Fearon RP, Bernier A, Cicchetti D, Roisman GI, Cassidy J, Kindler H, Zimmerman P, Feldman R, Spangle G, Zeanah CH, Dozier M, Belsky J, Lamb ME, Duschinsky R. El Apego Va a Juicio: Problemas de Custodia y Protección Infantil1. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica 2021. [DOI: 10.5093/apj2021a26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
7
|
Deneault AA, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Groh AM, Fearon PRM, Madigan S. Child-father attachment in early childhood and behavior problems: A meta-analysis. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2021; 2021:43-66. [PMID: 34651413 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analytic study examined the associations between child-father attachment in early childhood and children's externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Based on 15 samples (N = 1,304 dyads), the association between child-father attachment insecurity and externalizing behaviors was significant and moderate in magnitude (r = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.27 or d = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.55). No moderators of this association were identified. Based on 12 samples (N = 1,073), the association between child-father attachment insecurity and internalizing behaviors was also significant, albeit smaller in magnitude (r = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.15; or d = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.31). Between-study heterogeneity was insufficient to consider moderators. When compared to the effect sizes of prior meta-analyses on child-mother attachment and behavior problems, the quality of the attachment relationship with fathers yields a similar magnitude of associations to children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Results support the need to consider the role of the attachment network, which notably includes attachment relationships to both fathers and mothers, to understand how attachment relationships contribute to child development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ashley M Groh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Pasco R M Fearon
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dagan O, Groh AM, Madigan S, Bernard K. A Lifespan Development Theory of Insecure Attachment and Internalizing Symptoms: Integrating Meta-Analytic Evidence via a Testable Evolutionary Mis/Match Hypothesis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091226. [PMID: 34573246 PMCID: PMC8469853 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment scholars have long argued that insecure attachment patterns are associated with vulnerability to internalizing symptoms, such as depression and anxiety symptoms. However, accumulating evidence from the past four decades, summarized in four large meta-analyses evaluating the link between insecure attachment subtypes and internalizing symptoms, provide divergent evidence for this claim. This divergent evidence may be accounted for, at least in part, by the developmental period under examination. Specifically, children with histories of deactivating (i.e., insecure/avoidant) but not hyperactivating (i.e., insecure/resistant) attachment patterns in infancy and early childhood showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In contrast, adolescents and adults with hyperactivating (i.e., insecure/preoccupied) but not deactivating (i.e., insecure/dismissing) attachment classifications showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In this paper, we summarize findings from four large meta-analyses and highlight the divergent meta-analytic findings that emerge across different developmental periods. We first present several potential methodological issues that may have contributed to these divergent findings. Then, we leverage clinical, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives to propose a testable lifespan development theory of attachment and internalizing symptoms that integrates findings across meta-analyses. According to this theory, subtypes of insecure attachment patterns may be differentially linked to internalizing symptoms depending on their mis/match with the developmentally appropriate orientation tendency toward caregivers (in childhood) or away from them (i.e., toward greater independence in post-childhood). Lastly, we offer future research directions to test this theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Or Dagan
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ashley M. Groh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada;
| | - Kristin Bernard
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rutherford HJV, Bunderson M, Bartz C, Haitsuka H, Meins E, Groh AM, Milligan K. Imagining the baby: Neural reactivity to infant distress and mind-mindedness in expectant parents. Biol Psychol 2021; 161:108057. [PMID: 33640474 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neural and psychological processes in pregnancy may be important antecedents for caregiving postpartum. Employing event-related potentials, we examined neural reactivity to infant emotional faces during the third trimester of pregnancy in expectant mothers (n = 38) and expectant fathers (n = 30). Specifically, expectant parents viewed infant distress and infant neutral faces while electroencephalography was simultaneously recorded. As a psychological measure, we assessed prenatal mind-mindedness towards the unborn child and examined whether neural processing of infant cues was associated with levels of mind-mindedness. Expectant fathers evidenced greater P300 reactivity to infant distress, relative to neutral, faces than expectant mothers. Furthermore, P300 reactivity to infant distress, relative to infant neutral, faces was associated with levels of prenatal mind-mindedness in expectant fathers but not expectant mothers. These findings indicate significant sex differences in the prenatal neural processing of infant cues and relations between neural reactivity to infant distress and the emergence of parental mind-mindedness.
Collapse
|
10
|
Forslund T, Granqvist P, van IJzendoorn MH, Sagi-Schwartz A, Glaser D, Steele M, Hammarlund M, Schuengel C, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Steele H, Shaver PR, Lux U, Simmonds J, Jacobvitz D, Groh AM, Bernard K, Cyr C, Hazen NL, Foster S, Psouni E, Cowan PA, Pape Cowan C, Rifkin-Graboi A, Wilkins D, Pierrehumbert B, Tarabulsy GM, Carcamo RA, Wang Z, Liang X, Kázmierczak M, Pawlicka P, Ayiro L, Chansa T, Sichimba F, Mooya H, McLean L, Verissimo M, Gojman-de-Millán S, Moretti MM, Bacro F, Peltola MJ, Galbally M, Kondo-Ikemura K, Behrens KY, Scott S, Rodriguez AF, Spencer R, Posada G, Cassibba R, Barrantes-Vidal N, Palacios J, Barone L, Madigan S, Mason-Jones K, Reijman S, Juffer F, Pasco Fearon R, Bernier A, Cicchetti D, Roisman GI, Cassidy J, Kindler H, Zimmerman P, Feldman R, Spangler G, Zeanah CH, Dozier M, Belsky J, Lamb ME, Duschinsky R. Attachment goes to court: child protection and custody issues. Attach Hum Dev 2021; 24:1-52. [DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2020.1840762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommie Forslund
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- SUF Resource Center, Region Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pehr Granqvist
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Avi Sagi-Schwartz
- School of Psychological Sciences and Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Danya Glaser
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Miriam Steele
- Psychology Department, The New School, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Carlo Schuengel
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Howard Steele
- Psychology Department, The New School, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ulrike Lux
- Department Families and Family Policies, German Youth Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - John Simmonds
- British Association for Adoption and Fostering at Coram (Corambaaf), London, UK
| | - Deborah Jacobvitz
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ashley M. Groh
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kristin Bernard
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chantal Cyr
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nancy L. Hazen
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Foster
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Elia Psouni
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Philip A. Cowan
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Anne Rifkin-Graboi
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS, Agency for Science and Technology (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Wilkins
- School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | - Zhengyan Wang
- Research Centre for Child Development, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Liang
- Research Centre for Child Development, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Maria Kázmierczak
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Pawlicka
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lilian Ayiro
- Department of Educational Psychology, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Tamara Chansa
- Department of Psychology, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Haatembo Mooya
- Department of Psychology, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Loyola McLean
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Manuela Verissimo
- William James Center for Research, ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Fabien Bacro
- Faculté de Psychologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mikko J. Peltola
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Megan Galbally
- College of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
| | | | - Kazuko Y. Behrens
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Scott
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings’s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Germán Posada
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rosalinda Cassibba
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Spain
- Sant Pere Claver – Fundació Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus Palacios
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Lavinia Barone
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Lab of Attachment and Parenting - LAG, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karen Mason-Jones
- Center for Health & Community, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Reijman
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Femmie Juffer
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R. Pasco Fearon
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Annie Bernier
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Institute of Child Development and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Glenn I. Roisman
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jude Cassidy
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Peter Zimmerman
- Department of Psychology/Developmental Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ruth Feldman
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Gottfried Spangler
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Mary Dozier
- Institute of Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Michael E. Lamb
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robbie Duschinsky
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Haltigan JD, Roisman GI, Groh AM, Holland AS, Booth-LaForce C, Rogosch FA, Cicchetti D. Antecedents of attachment states of mind in normative-risk and high-risk caregiving: cross-race and cross-sex generalizability in two longitudinal studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:1309-1322. [PMID: 31215651 PMCID: PMC6856397 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal investigations of relatively large typical-risk (e.g., Booth-LaForce & Roisman, 2014) and higher-risk samples (e.g., Raby et al., 2017; Roisman et al., 2017) have produced evidence consistent with the claim that attachment states of mind in adolescence and young adulthood, as measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), are associated with the quality of caregiving experienced during childhood. None of these studies, however, has examined whether such associations are consistent across sex and/or race, as would be expected in light of the sensitivity hypothesis of attachment theory. METHODS We examine whether sex or race moderates previously reported links between caregiving and AAI states of mind in two longitudinal studies (pooled N = 1,058) in which caregiving was measured either within (i.e., observed [in]sensitive care) or outside (i.e., childhood maltreatment) of the normative range of caregiving experiences. RESULTS Hierarchical moderated regression analyses in both longitudinal cohorts provided evidence that maternal insensitivity and experiences of maltreatment were prospectively associated with dismissing and preoccupied states of mind in adolescence, as hypothesized. Moreover, these associations were generally comparable in magnitude for African American and White/non-Hispanic participants and were not conditional on participants' biological sex. CONCLUSIONS Both maternal insensitivity and the experience of maltreatment increased risk for insecure attachment states of mind in adolescence. Moreover, our analyses provided little evidence that either participant race or participant sex assigned at birth moderated these nontrivial associations between measures of the quality of experienced caregiving and insecure attachment states of mind in adolescence. These findings provide support for the sensitivity hypothesis of attachment theory and inform the cultural universality hypothesis of attachment processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D. Haltigan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Glenn I. Roisman
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ashley M. Groh
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | | | | | - Fred A. Rogosch
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN;,Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Groh AM, Narayan AJ. Infant Attachment Insecurity and Baseline Physiological Activity and Physiological Reactivity to Interpersonal Stress: A Meta‐Analytic Review. Child Dev 2019; 90:679-693. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
Martin J, Anderson JE, Groh AM, Waters TEA, Young E, Johnson WF, Shankman JL, Eller J, Fleck C, Steele RD, Carlson EA, Simpson JA, Roisman GI. Maternal sensitivity during the first 3½ years of life predicts electrophysiological responding to and cognitive appraisals of infant crying at midlife. Dev Psychol 2018; 54:1917-1927. [PMID: 30234341 PMCID: PMC6152827 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the predictive significance of maternal sensitivity in early childhood for electrophysiological responding to and cognitive appraisals of infant crying at midlife in a sample of 73 adults (age = 39 years; 43 females; 58 parents) from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation. When listening to an infant crying, both parents and nonparents who had experienced higher levels of maternal sensitivity in early childhood (between 3 and 42 months of age) exhibited larger changes from rest toward greater relative left (vs. right) frontal EEG activation, reflecting an approach-oriented response to distress. Parents who had experienced greater maternal sensitivity in early childhood also made fewer negative causal attributions about the infant's crying; the association between sensitivity and attributions for infant crying was nonsignificant for nonparents. The current findings demonstrate that experiencing maternal sensitivity during the first 3½ years of life has long-term predictive significance for adults' processing of infant distress signals more than three decades later. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob E. Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
| | - Ashley M. Groh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri at Columbia
| | | | - Ethan Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
| | | | | | - Jami Eller
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
| | - Cory Fleck
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
| | - Ryan D. Steele
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Augsburg College
| | | | - Jeffry A. Simpson
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
| | - Glenn I. Roisman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jin KS, Houston JL, Baillargeon R, Groh AM, Roisman GI. Young infants expect an unfamiliar adult to comfort a crying baby: Evidence from a standard violation-of-expectation task and a novel infant-triggered-video task. Cogn Psychol 2018; 102:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
15
|
Groh AM, Haydon KC. Mothers’ Neural and Behavioral Responses to Their Infants’ Distress Cues: The Role of Secure Base Script Knowledge. Psychol Sci 2017; 29:242-253. [DOI: 10.1177/0956797617730320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This research examined mothers’ secure base script knowledge—reflected in the ability to generate narratives in which attachment-relevant problems are recognized, competent help is offered, and problems are resolved—and its significance for early-stage processing of infants’ distress cues, using event-related potentials in an emotion oddball task. Mothers with lower secure base script knowledge exhibited (a) a heightened P3b response—reflective of greater allocation of cognitive resources—to their infants’ distressed (but not happy) target facial expressions; (b) a larger P3b response to their infants’ distressed (compared with happy) target facial expressions, which is indicative of allocating disproportional attentional resources to processing their infants’ distress; and (c) poorer accuracy in identifying their infants’ distressed target facial expressions. Findings suggest that mothers’ attachment-relevant biases in processing their infants’ emotion cues are especially tied to infant distress and shed light on underlying mechanisms linking mothers’ attachment representations with sensitive responding to infant distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Groh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Groh AM, Propper C, Mills-Koonce R, Moore GA, Calkins S, Cox M. Mothers' Physiological and Affective Responding to Infant Distress: Unique Antecedents of Avoidant and Resistant Attachments. Child Dev 2017; 90:489-505. [PMID: 28832982 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a sample of 127 mother-infant dyads, this study examined the predictive significance of mothers' physiological and observed emotional responding within distressing and nondistressing caregiving contexts at 6 months for infant attachment assessed with Fraley and Spieker's (2003) dimensional approach and the categorical approach at 12 months. Findings revealed that a lesser degree of maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia withdrawal and higher levels of maternal neutral (vs. positive) affect within distressing (vs. nondistressing) caregiving contexts were distinctive antecedents of avoidance versus resistance assessed dimensionally (but not categorically), independent of maternal sensitivity. Discussion focuses on the usefulness of examining mothers' physiological and affective responding, considering the caregiving context, and employing the dimensional approach to attachment in identifying unique antecedents of patterns of attachment insecurity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Martha Cox
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Groh AM, Narayan AJ, Bakermans‐Kranenburg MJ, Roisman GI, Vaughn BE, Fearon RMP, IJzendoorn MH. Attachment and Temperament in the Early Life Course: A Meta‐Analytic Review. Child Dev 2016; 88:770-795. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
18
|
Groh AM, Fearon RMP, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Roisman GI. Attachment in the Early Life Course: Meta-Analytic Evidence for Its Role in Socioemotional Development. Child Dev Perspect 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
19
|
Waters TEA, Fraley RC, Groh AM, Steele RD, Vaughn BE, Bost KK, Veríssimo M, Coppola G, Roisman GI. The latent structure of secure base script knowledge. Dev Psychol 2015; 51:823-30. [PMID: 25775111 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that attachment representations abstracted from childhood experiences with primary caregivers are organized as a cognitive script describing secure base use and support (i.e., the secure base script). To date, however, the latent structure of secure base script knowledge has gone unexamined-this despite that such basic information about the factor structure and distributional properties of these individual differences has important conceptual implications for our understanding of how representations of early experience are organized and generalized, as well as methodological significance in relation to maximizing statistical power and precision. In this study, we report factor and taxometric analyses that examined the latent structure of secure base script knowledge in 2 large samples. Results suggested that variation in secure base script knowledge-as measured by both the adolescent (N = 674) and adult (N = 714) versions of the Attachment Script Assessment-is generalized across relationships and continuously distributed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - R Chris Fraley
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Ryan D Steele
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Kelly K Bost
- Department of Human and Community Development, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Gabrielle Coppola
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Booth-LaForce C, Groh AM, Burchinal MR, Roisman GI, Owen MT, Cox MJ. V. CAREGIVING AND CONTEXTUAL SOURCES OF CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN ATTACHMENT SECURITY FROM INFANCY TO LATE ADOLESCENCE. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2014; 79:67-84. [DOI: 10.1111/mono.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Groh AM, Roisman GI, Booth-LaForce C, Fraley RC, Owen MT, Cox MJ, Burchinal MR. IV. STABILITY OF ATTACHMENT SECURITY FROM INFANCY TO LATE ADOLESCENCE. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2014; 79:51-66. [DOI: 10.1111/mono.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Emery HT, McElwain NL, Groh AM, Haydon KC, Roisman GI. Maternal dispositional empathy and electrodermal reactivity: Interactive contributions to maternal sensitivity with toddler-aged children. J Fam Psychol 2014; 28:505-15. [PMID: 24955589 PMCID: PMC4604752 DOI: 10.1037/a0036986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated maternal dispositional empathy and skin conductance level (SCL) reactivity to infant emotional cues as joint predictors of maternal sensitivity. Sixty-four mother-toddler dyads (31 boys) were observed across a series of interaction tasks during a laboratory visit, and maternal sensitivity was coded from approximately 55 minutes of observation per family. In a second, mother-only laboratory visit, maternal SCL reactivity to infant cues was assessed using a cry-laugh audio paradigm. Mothers reported on their dispositional empathy via a questionnaire. As hypothesized, mothers with greater dispositional empathy exhibited more sensitive behavior at low, but not high, levels of SCL reactivity to infant cues. Analyses examining self-reported emotional reactivity to the cry-laugh audio paradigm yielded a similar finding: Dispositional empathy was related to greater sensitivity when mothers reported low, but not high, negative emotional reactivity. Results provide support for Dix's (1991) affective model of parenting that underscores the combined contribution of the parent's empathic tendencies and his or her own emotional experience in response to child emotions. Specificity of the Empathy × Reactivity interaction is discussed with respect to the context in which reactivity was assessed (infant cry vs. laugh) and the type of sensitivity examined (sensitivity to the child's distress vs. nondistress).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley M Groh
- Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Groh AM, Fearon RP, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van Ijzendoorn MH, Steele RD, Roisman GI. The significance of attachment security for children's social competence with peers: a meta-analytic study. Attach Hum Dev 2014; 16:103-36. [PMID: 24547936 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2014.883636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analytic review examines the association between attachment during the early life course and social competence with peers during childhood, and compares the strength of this association with those for externalizing and internalizing symptomatology. Based on 80 independent samples (N = 4441), the association between security and peer competence was significant (d = 0.39, CI 0.32; 0.47) and not moderated by the age at which peer competence was assessed. Avoidance (d = 0.17, CI 0.05; 0.30), resistance (d = 0.29, CI 0.09; 0.48), and disorganization (d = 0.25, CI 0.10; 0.40) were significantly associated with lower peer competence. Attachment security was significantly more strongly associated with peer competence than internalizing (but not externalizing) symptomatology. Discussion focuses on the significance of early attachment for the development of peer competence versus externalizing and internalizing psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Groh
- a Center for Developmental Science , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
This paper advises caution in relation to the increasing interest in molecular-genetic association studies in developmental psychology based on a set of empirical examples from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) that highlight the fragility of effects reported in the literature on the molecular-genetic correlates of infant attachment. Specifically, this paper updates and provides three extensions to results reported in Luijk et al. (2011), which recently failed to replicate evidence from smaller-sample studies that a set of dopaminergic, serotonergic, and oxytonergic markers are significantly associated with infant attachment security or disorganization. First, we report here that the average effect of "usual suspect" polymorphisms on infant attachment security and disorganization in the SECCYD is approximately zero. Second, because Luijk et al. (2011) reported data based exclusively on the White infants in the SECCYD, this paper reveals that the average effect of polymorphisms featured in this literature is also of trivial magnitude in the non-White sub-sample (cf. Chen, Barth, Johnson, Gotlib, & Johnson, 2011). Third, this paper attempts, but fails, to replicate a recent finding by Raby et al. (2012) suggesting that, although molecular-genetic polymorphisms might not be implicated in security versus insecurity, the serotonin transporter gene contributes to variation in emotional distress during the Strange Situation Procedure. Implications for future research on the genetics of developmental phenotypes in general and attachment in particular are discussed, with a focus on statistical power and model-based theory testing.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
This report examines young adults' states of mind regarding their early attachment experiences in relation to the observed and perceived quality of their sibling relationships. Sixty sibling pairs (18-25 years of age) were (a) administered the Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985), (b) videotaped during a conflict resolution task, and (c) asked to describe the quality of their relationship using the Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (Stocker, Lanthier, & Furman, 1997). As hypothesized, dismissing states of mind were associated with lower levels of positive and negative affect while participants attempted to resolve an area of conflict with a sibling as well as with relatively low levels of reported warmth in the relationship. In contrast-but also in line with predictions-preoccupied states of mind were associated with heightened expression of negative affect toward a brother or sister, and the siblings of highly preoccupied individuals reported more conflict in their relationships. Findings provide further support for the importance of young adults' representations of childhood attachment experiences with respect to the quality of their adult relationships. In addition, this study extends previous findings regarding the significance of dismissing versus preoccupied states of mind by demonstrating that these dimensions are differentially associated with behavioral and self-reported aspects of sibling relationship quality in early adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keren Fortuna
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Glenn I Roisman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Ashley M Groh
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Groh AM, Roisman GI, van Ijzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Fearon RP. The significance of insecure and disorganized attachment for children's internalizing symptoms: a meta-analytic study. Child Dev 2012; 83:591-610. [PMID: 22235928 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analytic review examines the association between attachment and internalizing symptomatology during childhood, and compares the strength of this association with that for externalizing symptomatology. Based on 42 independent samples (N = 4,614), the association between insecurity and internalizing symptoms was small, yet significant (d = 0.15, CI 0.06~0.25) and not moderated by assessment age of internalizing problems. Avoidance, but not resistance (d = 0.03, CI -0.11~0.17) or disorganization (d = 0.08, CI -0.06~0.22), was significantly associated with internalizing symptoms (d = 0.17, CI 0.03~0.31). Insecurity and disorganization were more strongly associated with externalizing than internalizing symptoms. Discussion focuses on the significance of attachment for the development of internalizing versus externalizing symptomatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Groh
- Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Groh AM, Roisman GI. Adults' autonomic and subjective emotional responses to infant vocalizations: the role of secure base script knowledge. Dev Psychol 2009; 45:889-93. [PMID: 19413441 DOI: 10.1037/a0014943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the extent to which secure base script knowledge-as reflected in an adult's ability to generate narratives in which attachment-related threats are recognized, competent help is provided, and the problem is resolved-is associated with adults' autonomic and subjective emotional responses to infant distress and nondistress vocalizations. Adults who demonstrated low levels of secure base knowledge showed greater electrodermal reactivity and stronger declines in their feelings of love while they listened to a recording of an infant crying. In contrast, secure base knowledge was not significantly associated with adults' responses to infant laughter. Results are discussed in terms of their role in extending prior research on the psychophysiology of adult attachment and their possible implications for the intergenerational transmission of attachment-related experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Groh
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|