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Shokat S, Iqbal R, Riaz S, Yaqub A. Association Between Arsenic Toxicity, AS3MT Gene Polymorphism and Onset of Type 2 Diabetes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1550-1558. [PMID: 37889428 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) exposure in drinking water has become a serious public health issue. AS3MT gene is involved in the metabolism of arsenic, so a single nucleotide polymorphism in this gene may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes in arsenic-exposed areas. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the AS3MT gene with the development of type 2 diabetes in highly arsenic-exposed areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Total 200 samples equal in number from high arsenic exposed-areas of Lahore (Nishtar) and Kasur (Mustafa Abad) were collected. rs11191439 was utilized as an influential variable to evaluate the association between arsenic metabolism and diabetes status to find a single nucleotide polymorphism in the AS3MT gene. We observed the arsenic level in drinking water of the arsenic-exposed selected areas 115.54 ± 1.23 µg/L and 96.88 ± 0.48 µg/L, respectively. The As level in the urine of diabetics (98.54 ± 2.63 µg/L and 56.38 ± 12.66 µg/L) was higher as compared to non-diabetics (77.58 ± 1.8 µg/L and 46.9 ± 8.95 µg/L) of both affected areas, respectively. Correspondingly, the As level in the blood of diabetics (6.48 ± 0.08 µg/L and 5.49 ± 1.43 µg/L) and non-diabetics (6.22 ± 0.12 µg/L and 5.26 ± 0.24 µg/L) in the affected areas. Genotyping showed significant differences in the frequencies of alleles among cases and controls. Nevertheless, notable disparities in genotype distribution were observed in SNPs rs11191439 (T/C) (P < 0.05) and when comparing T2D patients and non-diabetic control subjects. The AS3MT gene and clinical parameters show a significant association with the affected people with diabetes living in arsenic-exposed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Shokat
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Riffat Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Riaz
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Atif Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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2
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Bilal M, Yaqub A, Hassan HU, Akhtar S, Rafiq N, Ali Shah MI, Hussain I, Salman Khan M, Nawaz A, Manoharadas S, Rizwan Khan M, Arai T, Ríos-Escalante PDL. Microplastic Quantification in Aquatic Birds: Biomonitoring the Environmental Health of the Panjkora River Freshwater Ecosystem in Pakistan. Toxics 2023; 11:972. [PMID: 38133373 PMCID: PMC10748139 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has become a global concern, with potential negative impacts on various ecosystems and wildlife species. Among these species, ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) are particularly vulnerable due to their feeding habits and proximity to aquatic environments contaminated with microplastics. The current study was designed to monitor microplastic (MP) pollutants in the freshwater ecosystem of the Panjkora River, Lower Dir, Pakistan. A total of twenty (20) duck samples were brought up for four months and 13 days on the banks of the river, with no food intake outside the river. When they reached an average weight of 2.41 ± 0.53 kg, all samples were sacrificed, dissected, and transported in an ice box to the laboratory for further analysis. After sample preparation, such as digestion with 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH), density separation, filtration, and identification, the MP content was counted. A total of 2033 MP particles were recovered from 20 ducks with a mean value of 44.6 ± 15.8 MPs/crop and 57.05 ± 18.7 MPs/gizzard. MPs detected in surface water were 31.2 ± 15.5 MPs/L. The major shape types of MPs recovered were fragments in crop (67%) and gizzard (58%) samples and fibers in surface water (56%). Other types of particles recovered were fibers, sheets, and foams. The majority of these detected MP particles were in the size range of 300-500 µm (63%) in crops, and 50-150 µm (55%) in gizzards, while in water samples the most detected particles were in the range of 150-300 µm (61%). Chemical characterization by FTIR found six types of polymers. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) had the greatest polymer detection rate (39.2%), followed by polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (28.3%), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) (22.7%), polystyrene (6.6%), co-polymerized polypropylene (2.5%), and polypropylene homopolymer (0.7%). This study investigated the presence of microplastics in the crops and gizzards of ducks, as well as in river surface water. The results revealed the significant and pervasive occurrence of microplastics in both the avian digestive systems and the surrounding water environment. These findings highlight the potential threat of microplastic pollution to wildlife and ecosystems, emphasizing the need for further research and effective mitigation strategies to address this pressing environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.B.); (A.Y.)
| | - Atif Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (M.B.); (A.Y.)
| | - Habib Ul Hassan
- Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Fisheries Development Board, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Akhtar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan;
| | - Naseem Rafiq
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (N.R.); (M.S.K.)
| | | | - Ibrar Hussain
- Department of Statistics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (N.R.); (M.S.K.)
| | - Asad Nawaz
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Takaomi Arai
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei;
| | - Patricio De Los Ríos-Escalante
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
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Yaqub A, Nasir M, Kamran M, Majeed I, Arif A. Immunomodulation, Fish Health and Resistance to Staphylococcus aureus of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed Diet Supplemented with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Zinc Acetate. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:4912-4925. [PMID: 36701087 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03571-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently some metal-based nanoparticles have gained serious attention from aquaculture and the fish feed industry as feed supplements. Oral supplementation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in fish feed, replacing Zn acetate (conventionally used zinc), is suggested as a cost-effective and efficient approach. Our study assessed the response of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fingerlings after its diet supplemented with chemically synthesized ZnO-NPs and zinc acetate under controlled conditions. ZnO-NPs were chemically synthesized and characterized. Tilapia fingerlings with an average body weight of 09.12 ± 1.23 g were randomly distributed into five groups. An 8-week trial was set with control and four experimental groups. Basal diet (D1) was used as control, whereas D2, D3 and D4 comprising 20, 40, and 60 mgkg-1 ZnO-NPs supplementation were experimental diets. Additionally, D5 was composed of a basal diet supplemented with 40 mgkg-1 of conventionally used zinc acetate. Significant improvement (P < 0.05) was found in nanoparticles and Zn acetate supplemented groups as compared to control, while the 40 mgkg-1 Zn-NPs supplemented diet (D3) showed best performance in terms of health parameters, oxidative status and disease resistance. Antioxidant profiling was based on catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione's transferase, and malondialdehyde; hematology included Hb, WBCs, RBCs, HCT MCV, MCH and MCHC; immunological parameters comprised IgM, lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose content, and total serum proteins. We report that the D3 (40 mgkg-1 ZnO-NPs supplementation) significantly (P < 0.05) improved health-related parameters as compared to the other groups. Moreover, D3 also showed significantly decreased mortality percentage when challenged by Staphylococcus aureus, while the Zn acetate supplemented diet group showed better results as compared to control. Overall results suggest the basal diet supplemented with 40 mgkg-1 ZnO-NP for enhanced health parameters, oxidative status, immune response, and disease resistance. Hence, 40mgkg-1 ZnO-NP can be recommended to formulate the practical diet of fish to boost health improvement, immunomodulation, and resistance to bacterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Yaqub
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nasir
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, 51040, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Majeed
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aneeza Arif
- Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
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Bilal M, Taj M, Ul Hassan H, Yaqub A, Shah MIA, Sohail M, Rafiq N, Atique U, Abbas M, Sultana S, Abdali U, Arai T. First Report on Microplastics Quantification in Poultry Chicken and Potential Human Health Risks in Pakistan. Toxics 2023; 11:612. [PMID: 37505577 PMCID: PMC10383900 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging environmental health concern due to their widespread occurrence in food sources such as fish, meat, chicken, honey, sugar, salt, tea and drinking water, thereby posing possible risks to human health. This study aimed to observe the existence of MPs in the crop and gizzard of the farm chicken, a significant food source in Pakistan. Twenty-four chicken samples were taken from eight poultry farms across Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 1227 MP particles were found from 24 samples (crop and gizzards) originating from the 8 poultry farms. In all, 429 MP particles were found in 24 chicken crops, with a mean of 17.8 ± 12.1 MPs/crop. In contrast, 798 MP particles were found in 24 chicken gizzards, with a mean of 33.25 ± 17.8 MPs/gizzard. Comparatively larger particles, ranging between 300-500 µm, were more abundant (63%) than other considered sizes (300-150 µm [21%] and 150-50 µm [16%]). Additionally, fragments were the dominant type of shape in both sample types (crop [64%] and gizzard [53%]). The predominant colours of particles extracted from gizzards and crops were yellow (32%) and red (32%), respectively. Chemical characterisation of these particles detected four types of polymers: polyvinyl chloride (PVC) at 51.2%, followed by low-density polyethylene (LDPE) at 30.7%, polystyrene (PS) at 13.6% and polypropylene homopolymer (PPH) at 4.5%. In conclusion, we provide evidence for MPs in the gizzards and crops of farmed chickens which may originate from contaminated poultry feed. Only a few studies have been reported globally to assess MPs ingestion in chickens. The current study is the first report from Pakistan. It could be a valuable addition to support MPs literature to establish a relationship between MPs contamination and intake through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Taj
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government Degree College Gulabad, Adenzai 24461, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ul Hassan
- Department of Zoology (MRCC), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
- Fisheries Development Board, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Atif Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Biology, Government Postgraduate College Sahiwal, Sahiwal 40210, Pakistan
| | - Naseem Rafiq
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Usman Atique
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biological Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Abbas
- Department of Zoology, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Saira Sultana
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Umaiya Abdali
- Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Takaomi Arai
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei
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Ditta SA, Yaqub A, Tanvir F, Rashid M, Ullah R, Zubair M, Ali S, Anjum KM. Gold nanoparticles capped with L-glycine, L-cystine, and L-tyrosine: toxicity profiling and antioxidant potential. J Mater Sci 2023; 58:2814-2837. [PMID: 36743265 PMCID: PMC9888356 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-023-08209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules-based surface modifications of nanomaterials may yield effective and biocompatible nanoconjugates. This study was designed to evaluate gold nanoconjugates (AuNCs) for their altered antioxidant potential. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their conjugates gave SPR peaks in the ranges of 512-525 nm, with red or blueshift for different conjugates. Cys-AuNCs demonstrated enhanced (p < 0.05) and Gly-AuNCs (p > 0.05) displayed reduced DPPH activity. Gly-AuNCs and Tyr-AuNCs displayed enhanced ferric-reducing power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, respectively. Cadmium-intoxicated mice were exposed to gold nanomaterials, and the level of various endogenous parameters, i.e., CAT, GST, SOD, GSH, and MTs, was evaluated. GSH and MTs in liver tissues of the cadmium-exposed group (G2) were elevated (p < 0.05), while other groups showed nonsignificance deviations than the control group. It is concluded that these nanoconjugates might provide effective nanomaterials for biomedical applications. However, more detailed studies for their safety profiling are needed before their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwar Allah Ditta
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
| | - Atif Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Tanvir
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, 56300 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
| | - Rehan Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, The University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
| | - Shaista Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood Anjum
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, The University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan
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6
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Tanvir F, Sadar N, Yaqub A, Ditta SA. Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, characterization, applications as nanozyme, and future prospects. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 2023. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.21.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have recently attracted wider attention because of their unique properties, such as superparamagnetism, larger surface area, surface-to-volume ratio, and simple manufacturing process. Several chemical, physical, and biological techniques have been employed to synthesize NPs with admissible surface chemistry. This paper summarises the approaches for producing iron oxide NPs, shape, and size management, and inviting properties in bioengineering, pharmaceutical, and modern applications. Iron oxides have significant potential in biology, climate change, and horticulture, among other fields. Surface coatings with organic or inorganic particles are one of a kind. The surface coatings of the IONPs are critical to their performance because they prevent nanoparticle aggregation, reduce the risk of immunogenicity, and limit nonspecific cellular uptake. Chitosan is a biodegradable polymer that is applied to iron oxide nanoparticles to coat them. Chitosan subordinates like O-HTCC (an ammonium-quaternary CS subsidiary) have a long-lasting positive charge that allows them to work in different pH ranges allowing their interactions with cell layers at physiological pH. By reacting epoxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (ETA) with chitosan (CS), the hydro-solvent N-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) is formed. For hyperthermic treatment of patients, NPs can also be coordinated to an organ, tissue, or tumor via an external attractive field. Given the increasing interest in iron NPs, the purpose of this review is to present data from iron oxide nanoparticles specially chitosan-capped iron NPs for different biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Tanvir
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Sadar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of pure and applied Zoology, University of Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Atif Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sarwar Allah Ditta
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Bilal M, Qadir A, Yaqub A, Hassan HU, Irfan M, Aslam M. Microplastics in water, sediments, and fish at Alpine River, originating from the Hindu Kush Mountain, Pakistan: implications for conservation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:727-738. [PMID: 35906523 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) pollution is an emerging threat to life and the environment. These particles are not restricted to human-inhabited lands but also found in different mountains and glaciers where the human population is relatively low. These MPs make their way to the river ecosystem from glaciers, rains, and municipal and industrial effluents. The current study was designed to highlight MPs' pollution in water, sediments, and fishes of the Swat River: originating from the Hindu Kush Mountain Range. These samples were collected from eight different sites across the river. An average concentration of MPs detected in water samples (305.79 ± 289.66 MPs/m3), fish (12.54 ± 8.02 MPs/individual), and sediments (588.29 ± 253.95 MPs/kg). The highest concentration was observed among water samples at Mingora city and the lowest at the confluence point of the rivers near Charsadda being 753.71 ± 330.08 MPs/m3 and 57.64 ± 31.98 MPs/m3, respectively. MP concentrations in the sediment samples were also the highest at Mingora city (834.0 ± 367.21 MPs/kg), and lowest at Chakdara (215.0 ± 20.0 MPs/kg). Among the fish samples, Schizothorax plagiostomus contained the highest while Wallago attu contained the lowest MP concentrations corresponding to 17.08 ± 8.27 MPs/individual and 5.0 ± 2.36 MPs/individual, respectively. Fibers were the most prevalent MPs in all the matrices representing 80%, 92%, and 85% of the total MP count in water, sediments, and fish samples. These findings highlighted that freshwater ecosystem are not free from MPs and are as much vulnerable to anthropogenic activities as marine ecosystem. Therefore, need attention not less than marine ecosystem awareness, education, ecotourism, sustainable reduction in plastic use, and strict rules and regulations could be helpful to prevent the anthropogenic menace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Atif Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ul Hassan
- Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
- Fisheries Development Board, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mehmood Aslam
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ditta SA, Yaqub A, Tanvir F. Potential of Surface Functionalized Nanomaterials in Innovative Drug Development: A Mini-Review. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180820666221124164005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The unique properties of nanomaterials (NMs) make them special entities for biomedical innovation and research. Early diagnosis and follow-up of diseases are easily possible with the help of nanotechnology and nanomedicine, which can help combat any medical condition. Surface functionalization with specific molecules might impart marked properties to NMs, leading to the modification of cell-specific interactions within the biological systems. This modification may provide excellent phenomena for innovative drug development. Modified NMs might play essential roles in various applications, i.e., in vivo diagnostics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), etc. Functionalization of NMs with appropriate ligands, small molecules, or polymers assigned them enhanced stability, biocompatibility, and functionality for their novel and improved biological applications. Surface functionalized NMs might display enhanced antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and drug delivery potential for various applications. Different studies reported the potential of functionalized metallic nanoparticles in regenerative medicines. Conjugation of NMs with various molecules such as peptides, small ligands, polysaccharides, proteins, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, siRNA, plasmids, and DNA, might be achieved by various reactions. Biomolecule-conjugated nanoparticles result in the production of hybrid NMs with specific and novel biological interactions in biological systems. Chemical treatment methods are considered among the most trusted and efficient functionalization methods. Some commonly used techniques and strategies of functionalization involve grafting to and grafting from methods, ligand exchange technique, covalent bonding, chemisorption, non-covalent interactions, electrostatic adsorption, etc. This brief review is dedicated to the surface functionalization of NMs with the latest development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwar Allah Ditta
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Atif Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Tanvir
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
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Zhu F, Wolters FJ, Yaqub A, Boersma H, Ikram MA, Kavousi M. Plasma amyloid-beta in relation to cardiac function and risk of heart failure in the general population. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Amyloid-β is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and its pathology has been hypothesized as a multiple organ syndrome that may also affect cardiac function. There are limited data on association of plasma amyloid-β with cardiac dysfunction and risk of HF in the general population.
Objective
To determine the association of plasma amyloid-β40 (Aβ40) and amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) with echocardiographic measurements of cardiac dysfunction, and with incident heart failure (HF) in the general population.
Methods
We included 4156 participants of the population-based cohort (mean age 71.4 years, 57.1% women), who had plasma amyloid-β measured between 2002 and 2005, and were free of dementia and HF at baseline. Multivariable linear regression models were used to explore the associations of plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 with echocardiographic measures. Participants were followed for the occurrence of HF until December 2016. Cause-specific hazard models were used to assess the association of plasma amyloid-β with incident HF and competing risk event. Models were adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors.
Results
Higher plasma Aβ40 concentrations were associated with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (β, −0.39; 95% CI, −0.68 to −0.10) and larger left ventricular mass (β, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.06 to 1.34). Aβ42 was not significantly associated with echocardiographic measures cross-sectionally. During follow-up (median 10.2 years), 472 incident HF cases were identified. Higher plasma Aβ40 was associated with an increased risk of incident HF (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.51), more profound in men than in women (P value for interaction: 0.022). One SD increase in Aβ40 was associated with a 31% increase in the hazard of HF in men (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.54) but the association was not significant in women (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.20). Higher plasma Aβ42 concentrations were associated with increased risk of HF (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.24), while further adjustment for concomitant Aβ40 attenuated this association (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.16).
Conclusion
Higher levels of plasma Aβ40 were independently associated with worse cardiac function and higher risk of new-onset HF in the general population, in particular among men.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw); the Dutch Heart Foundation;This study is further funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme as part of the Common mechanisms and pathways in Stroke and Alzheimer's disease (CoSTREAM) project.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhu
- Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - F J Wolters
- Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - A Yaqub
- Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - H Boersma
- Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - M A Ikram
- Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - M Kavousi
- Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
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Ditta SA, Yaqub A, Tanvir F, Ullah R, Rashid M, Bilal M. Histopathological evaluation of amino acid capped silver nanoconjugates in albino mice. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 2021. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.21.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Various molecules may modify the surface chemistry of commonly used nanomaterials (NMs), resulting in the synthesis of novel and safer NMs. The current study was delineated to evaluate the in vivo toxicity profiling of the silver nanoconjugates (AgNCs) conjugated with different amino acids. The L-glycine capped-AgNCs exhibited toxicity and caused tissue damage, while L-cystine- and L-tyrosine-capped AgNCs showed protective effects against cadmium-induced toxicity. L-cystine-capped AgNCs performed well as compared to other amino-acid AgNCs. The level of serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase and blood urea increased (p < 0.05) in G2, G3 and G5 in comparison to G1 (control group), while an increase in bilirubin for G2 was statistically non-significant (p > 0.05). The ALT and AST elevated (p < 0.05) in G4; however, other serological parameters in G4 and G6 did not show any noticeable change in their values. Histological analysis showed disturbed and deformed cellular structures in liver and kidney tissues of G2, G3 and G5. However, G4 and G6 samples demonstrated minute changes in comparison to G1. It is concluded that L-cystine- and L-tyrosine-capped AgNCs exhibited protective effects and should be tested further for developing safer nanoconjugates for biomedical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atif Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Tanvir
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ditta SA, Yaqub A, Tanvir F. Nanotechnology can Provide Therapeutic Agent by Targeting Molecular Structures of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): A Mini-Review. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666210303160420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak has hit the world worst at the start of 2020, as of December 11,
2020, more than 1.5 million people have died and more than 68.8 million people have been infected
globally. SARS-CoV-2 induces mild to severe progressive respiratory pneumonia, leading to failure
of different body organs and ultimately death. Hitherto, there are no specific and potential therapeutic
agents available against the virus. The spike protein is a type I surface glycoprotein facilitating
entry of the virus into the host cell via hACE2 receptors. The two subunits of the spike protein have a
polybasic link as cleavage site (PRAR) in SARS-CoV-2, with an additional attachment of O-linked
glycans. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have 76.5% similarity in amino acid sequences. The pathogenesis
and viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 are different from SARS-CoV, therefore, it is a dire need of
time to develop a target-based treatment. Alternative strategies and multidisciplinary research approaches
are crucial for developing new antiviral and improved therapies against COVID-19.
Nanotechnology has opened new horizons for evaluating the biological properties and efficacy of
different materials having a biological origin, such as Nigella sativa. It contains various active
components such as thymoquinone, thymol, thymohydroquinone, and dithymoquinone with different
biological potentials. Metallic nanomaterials have been reported to exhibit antiviral activities
against various strains. Understanding molecular interactions and modifying the surface properties
of nanomaterials with optimum activity may result in the development of novel antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwar Allah Ditta
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Atif Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Tanvir
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
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Yaqub A, Ditta SA, Ashraf K, Tanvir F, Ali S, Naz M, Anjum KM, Ali S. Biosensors for mercury and manganese ions by using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 2020. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.19.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Drinking water resources are scarce and are gradually depleting throughout the world. Water contamination by heavy metals is making the situation worse because it makes water unsuitable for potable use. Heavy metals are hazardous to any aquatic ecosystem, as these adversely influence the food chain and consequently human health. In the present study, Curcuma longa-mediated silver nanoparticles (T-AgNPs)-based sensors are reported to detect heavy metals by naked-eye and ultraviolet (UV)-based methods. A sharp UV peak at 400 nm (C-AgNPs) and a broader peak at 440 nm (T-AgNPs) were recorded. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the spherically shaped morphology of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with sizes of 30–50 nm (T-AgNPs) and 20–25 nm (C-AgNPs). The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that compounds containing functional groups (–C–H, >C=C<, >C=O) played an important role in the reduction and capping of the AgNPs. C-AgNPs (K2) after interaction with manganese (Mn) (II) ions led to the prominent deepening of the yellowish color. In contrast, biological AgNPs (K4) led to the formation of a prominent complex. Green-synthesized AgNPs allowed single-step, cost-effective, colorimetric detection of manganese (II) and mercury (Hg) (I) in the aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Khadija Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Tanvir
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Naz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mehmood Anjum
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sharafat Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Yaqub A, Malkani N, Shabbir A, Ditta SA, Tanvir F, Ali S, Naz M, Kazmi SAR, Ullah R. Novel Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Zingiber and Allium sp. with Synergic Effect of Doxycycline for Anticancer and Bactericidal Activity. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:2287-2299. [PMID: 32535649 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), due to their cost-effective synthesis, interesting properties, and a wide range of applications in conductive inks, cooling fluids, biomedical field, and catalysis, have attracted the attention of scientific community in recent years. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize antibacterial and anticancer CuNPs synthesized via chemical and biological methods, and further synthesize CuNPs conjugated with doxycycline to study their synergic effect. During the chemical synthesis, ascorbic acid was used as a stabilizing agent, while Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum-derived extracts were used during the biological methods for synthesis of CuNPs. Characterization of CuNPs was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray crystallography (XRD). Antimicrobial evaluation of the nanomaterials against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was performed by using disk diffusion method, while anticancer behavior against HeLa and HepG2 cell lines was studied by MTT assay. TEM revealed spherical-shaped nanoparticles with mean size of 22.70 ± 5.67, 35.01 ± 5.84, and 19.02 ± 2.41 nm for CuNPs, Gin-CuNPs, and Gar-CuNPs, respectively, and surface plasmon resonance peaks were obtained at 570 nm, 575 nm, and 610 nm for CuNPs, Gar-CuNPs, and Gin-CuNPs, respectively. The results of FTIR confirmed the consumption of biomolecules from the plant extracts for the synthesis of CuNPs. XRD analysis also confirmed synthesis of CuNPs. Doxycycline-conjugated NPs exhibited more antibacterial effects than doxycycline or CuNPs alone. Copper nanoparticles prepared by biological synthesis are cost-effective and eco-friendly as compared to their chemical counterparts. The chemically synthesized nanoparticles displayed more significant antimicrobial activity when capped with doxycycline than Z. officinale and A. sativum-mediated CuNPs; however, green-synthesized nanoparticles showed greater anticancer activity than their chemical counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Naila Malkani
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Arifa Shabbir
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sarwar Allah Ditta
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Tanvir
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Naz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Rehan Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Malkani N, Farheen M, Hamid H, Batool A, Khan RU, Yaqub A. Matrix metalloprotease-9 polymorphism and its association with Atherosclerosis - A case-control study in Pakistani population. J PAK MED ASSOC 2019; 69:1416-1420. [PMID: 31622289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene with the onset of atherosclerosis in Pakistani population of Punjabi origin. METHODS The case-control study was conducted from September 2015 to December 2016 at the Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised atherosclerosis cases from the Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, as well as healthy controls. Single nucleotide polymorphismsrs3918242 (Sph1), rs17577 (Sty1) and rs2274756 (Taq1) were selected from the matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene for allelic and genotypic analysis. Direct sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism were performed for genotypic analysis. RESULTS the 201 subjects, 100(49.8%) were controls and 101(50.2%) were cases. There were 75(75%) males among the controls and 70(69.3%) among the cases. Overall mean age of the controls was 47.3}13.1 years, and that of the cases was 59.2}10.2 years. Positive family history was a significant factor risk for atherosclerosis (p<0.05). Allele T and genotype CT and TT of rs3918242 were more frequent in the cases (p<0.05). Change in nucleotide at Sph1 site led towards -1562C >T polymorphism. The frequency of 'A' allele and 'GA' genotype for rs17577 was significantly higher in the cases (Sty1) (p<0.05). No association was detected between rs2274756 (Taq1) and atherosclerosis (p> 0.05). The co-expression of rs17577 and rs2274756 was significantly related with the onset of atherosclerosis (p<0.05). Haplotypes CAG, TAG and TGG were significantly involved in causing atherosclerosis (p<0.05) whereas CGG was protective against atherosclerosis in this population (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene was identified as a susceptible gene for the onset of atherosclerosis in Pakistani population of Punjabi origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Malkani
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Hira Hamid
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Atif Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Malkani N, Farheen M, Hamid H, Batool A, Khan R, Yaqub A. Matrix metalloprotease-9 polymorphism and its association with Atherosclerosis - a case-control study in Pakistani population. J PAK MED ASSOC 2019. [DOI: 10.5455/jpma.300814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Qureshi EMA, Tabinda AB, Vehra S, Yaqub A. Distribution and Seasonality of Horizontally Transmitted Dengue Viruses in Aedes Mosquitoes in a Metropolitan City Lahore, Pakistan. PAK J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.1.241.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hussain T, Musthafa M, Babar M, Khan W, Ullah Z, Aqeel M, Yaqub A, Marikar F. Analysis of molecular genetic diversity of endangered Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) based on interleukin 2 gene sequences. BJVM 2018. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Yaqub A, Smith EP, Salehi M. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia after gastric bypass surgery: what's up and what's down? Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:ijo2017257. [PMID: 29087389 PMCID: PMC6599543 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global public health problem and attempts to treat this condition using life style with and without pharmacological interventions have not been successful in majority of obese individuals. To date, the most effective treatment for obesity is weight loss surgery. One of the most widely used procedures to treat obesity worldwide, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), has shown to induce diabetes remission in addition to significant and sustainable weight loss. As the number of this procedure performed over the last two decades increased, it has become clear that a subgroup of individuals develop postprandial hypoglycemia several years after surgery. This debilitating late complication of RYGB is often associated with loss of consciousness or seizures, and in severe cases, it is only partially responsive to diet modification or other available therapeutic options. The diagnosis is often a challenge resulting in delays in receiving care in the affected individuals. Although the underlying mechanisms are under current investigations, growing evidence suggest that a combination of exaggerated meal-derived nutrient appearance to systemic circulation and altered islet and gut hormone response after eating have a role in pathogenesis of this condition. The goal of this review is to highlight new perspectives regarding this life-threatening complication of RYGB. The etiology, diagnosis, recommendation on how to distinguish from classic dumping and current available treatment based on literature review will be discussed. In addition, physiologic changes after gastric bypass predisposing to hypoglycemia syndrome will be highlighted.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 31 October 2017; doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.257.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yaqub
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - EP Smith
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Salehi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Tanvir F, Yaqub A, Tanvir S, Anderson WA. Poly-L-arginine Coated Silver Nanoprisms and Their Anti-Bacterial Properties. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2017; 7:E296. [PMID: 28953233 PMCID: PMC5666461 DOI: 10.3390/nano7100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the effect of two different morphologies of silver nanoparticles, spheres, and prisms, on their antibacterial properties when coated with poly-L-arginine (poly-Arg) to enhance the interactions with cells. Silver nanoparticle solutions were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, as well as antimicrobial tests. These ultimately showed that a prismatic morphology exhibited stronger antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. The minimum bactericidal concentration was found to be 0.65 μg/mL in the case of a prismatic AgNP-poly-Arg-PVP (silver nanoparticle-poly-L-arginine-polyvinylpyrrolidone) nanocomposite. The anticancer cell activity of the silver nanoparticles was also studied, where the maximum effect against a HeLa cell line was 80% mortality with a prismatic AgNP-poly-Arg-PVP nanocomposite at a concentration of 11 μg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of these silver nanocomposites demonstrates the potential of such coated silver nanoparticles in the area of nano-medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Tanvir
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Atif Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Tanvir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - William A Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Lin X, Khalid S, Qureshi MZ, Attar R, Yaylim I, Ucak I, Yaqub A, Fayyaz S, Farooqi AA, Ismail M. VEGF mediated signaling in oral cancer. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2016; 62:64-68. [PMID: 28145862 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2016.62.14.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - S Khalid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Z Qureshi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - R Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - I Yaylim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - I Ucak
- Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Ömer Halisdemir University, Turkey
| | - A Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Fayyaz
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, RLMC, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A A Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, RLMC, Lahore, Pakistan
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21
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Shahzad M, Yaqub A, Shaukat M, Fida MK, Ali NM, Hussain T, Sheeraz M, Fatima N. Effects of Exposure to Pesticides on Blood Serum Components and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in Pesticide Vendors of Punjab Province, Pakistan. Annals KEMU 2016. [DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v22i4.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The present study is to see the effects of human exposure to selected pesticides on their liver and kidney function as well as variations in butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were studied.</p><p><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>The study group consisted of 88 participants selected through purposive sampling technique and participated voluntarily. Sixty one pesticides vendors (male; mean age: 33.82 ± 11.5 years) and a control group consisting of 27 healthy male (mean age: 31.04 ± 11.96 years).</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Mean levels of total proteins (TP, g/dl), albumin (g/dl) and BChE (u/l) were significantly lower in pesticide exposed individuals than those of control group [6.96 ± 1.45 vs. 8.75 ± 1.05 (total protein); 3.47 ± 0.76 vs. 4.37 ± 0.23 (albumin); 4213.20 ± 1128.96 vs. 5955.90 ± 623.16 (BChE, u/l), <em>P </em>< 0.001]. Among the pesticide vendors, urea (<em>P < </em>0.01) and ALT (alanine amino transferase) (<em>P < </em>0.05) concentrations were increased and BChE (<em>P </em>= 0.001) level decreased significantly in smokers than in non-smokers. Pesticide vendors having longer exposure time to pesticides had significantly higher levels of urea (<em>P < </em>0.05) and ALT (<em>P < </em>0.01) but had lower levels oftotal proteins (<em>P < </em>0.01) and BChE <em>(P </em>= 0.001). Vendors who were not using proper protective measures showed significant increase in ALT (<em>P < </em>0.01) level and decrease in total proteins (<em>P < </em>0.05) and BChE <em>(P </em>= 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong> </strong>The results of this study suggest that human exposure to pesticides has adverse effects on total proteins, albumin, urea, ALT, and BChE; these biomarkers were useful in studying adverse effects of pesticides in humans.</p>
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Lin X, Qureshi MZ, Attar R, Khalid S, Tahir F, Yaqub A, Aslam A, Yaylim I, De Carlos Back LK, Farooqi AA, Ismail M. Targeting of BCR-ABL: Lessons learned from BCR-ABL inhibition. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2016; 62:129-137. [PMID: 27894413 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2016.62.12.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In 1960 researchers reported that balanced translocation between chromosomes 22 and 9 resulted in the generation of Philadelphia chromosome. This breakthrough revolutionized our knowledge related to leukemia biology and contemporary studies revealed that chromosomal translocation resulted in the fusion between the 5' segment of BCR gene and 3' segment of the ABL gene to form BCR/ABL fusion gene. Research over the years has progressively and systematically improved our understanding of the genetic and proteomic basis of Leukemia. Genome-wide profiling studies, including genome sequencing and microarray analysis, have helped us in identification of different intracellular signaling cascades that are frequently mutated in Leukemia. We partition this multi-component review into different sections related to biochemical characteristics of BCR-ABL+ cells, underlying mechanism of generation of mutations and crosstalk of BCR-ABL with various intracellular signaling cascades. We also summarize how BCR-ABL encoding mRNA is negatively regulated by different miRNAs and the strategies which are currently being used to effectively target BCR-ABL protein. We also provide an overview of the natural products which have been used for targeting of BCR-ABL protein. Better understanding of the protein network of Philadelphia positive leukemic cells will prove to be helpful in getting a step closer to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - M Z Qureshi
- Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - R Attar
- Yeditepe University Medical School, İnönü Mah., Kayışdağı Cad., 26 Ağustos Yerleşimi, 34755 Ataşehir/İstanbul, Turkey
| | - S Khalid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - F Tahir
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Yaqub
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, QAU, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - I Yaylim
- Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul , Turkey
| | - L K De Carlos Back
- Biogenetika, Individualized Medicine, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - A A Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - M Ismail
- Institute of Biomedical and genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Shahzad M, Yaqub A, Shaukat M, Fida MK, Ali NM, Hussain T, Sheeraz M. Chemical Biomarker Study of Negative Physiological Effects of Insecticides on Pakistani Farm Workers Health in the Central Punjab. Annals KEMU 2016. [DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v22i3.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:  In recent decades, use of pesticides in agricultural practices has posed threat to human popu-lation.Objectives:  Present research was designed to explore the adverse effects of insecticides on 339 individuals (study group farmers n = 256 and control n = 83) selected from 62 different sites of central Punjab. The sample was matched on socio-economic status and age.Methodology:  A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the demographics and pesticide related details. For biochemical analysis blood samples were collected from both groups.Results:Biochemical analysis shows that, farmers exposed with pesticidehave significant elevated levels of Urea (p = 0.05) and alanine transaminase (ALT) (p= 0.01) as compared with control. On contrary, low levels of BChE, albumin and total protein (TP) levels (p = 0.001; p = 0.05 and p = 0.001 respectively) were found in pesticide exposed subjects than controls. Also, significant increase in serum creatinine (p = 0.01), aspartate transaminase (AST) (p = 0.01) and notable decrease in the albumin, TP and BChE (p = 0.001) were evident in farmers with poor protective measures. However the statistical difference is not correlated with clinical difference.Conclusions:  Several biomarkers have shown the possible hazards of pesticides to farmer’s health than controls. It was further explored that health indicators also associated with other factors like duration of ex-posure to pesticides, tobacco smoking and poor hand-ling practices amongst the studied population.Â
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Tahir HM, Mehwish, Kanwal N, Butt A, Khan SY, Yaqub A. Genetic diversity in cytochrome c oxidase I gene of Anopheles mosquitoes. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:4298-4301. [PMID: 26365229 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1082104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity in cytochrome c oxidase I (coxI) among 7 species of Anopheles mosquitoes from Pakistan, and 37 species from different geographical regions of the world, was recorded. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) analysis revealed a clear gap between intraspecific and interspecific distances of 7 species from Pakistan. However, genetic distances of 37 Anopheles species failed to adequately differentiate species in a global context. Intraspecific and interspecific divergences for 7 Anopheles species of Pakistan varied from 0.0% to 2.5% (mean = 0.49%) and 8% to 22.3% (mean = 12.77%), respectively. Similarly, intraspecific distances for 37 species from different parts of world ranged from 0.0% to 11.2% (mean = 0.65%) while values of interspecific divergences ranged from 3.4% to 35% (mean = 11.75%). Although phylogenetic tree revealed separate clades for 7 Anopheles species of Pakistan, it failed to produce separate clades for 37 species of the world. It is concluded that although standard barcode region is helpful for identifying Anopheles mosquitoes, combination of multi-locus approaches and morphology may be required to accurately identify species in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehwish
- a Department of Zoology , University of Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - Nailla Kanwal
- a Department of Zoology , University of Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - Abida Butt
- b Department of Zoology , University of Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan , and
| | | | - Atif Yaqub
- c Department of Zoology , GC University , Lahore , Pakistan
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Valenzuela A, Yaqub A, Fiorentino D, Krishnan E, Chung L. Validation of the ICD-9-CM code for systemic sclerosis using updated ACR/EULAR classification criteria. Scand J Rheumatol 2015; 44:253-5. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2015.1008038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Frouz J, Lobinske RJ, Yaqub A, Ali A. Larval gut pH profile in pestiferous Chironomus crassicaudatus and Glyptotendipes paripes (Chironomidae: Diptera) in reference to the toxicity potential of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2007; 23:355-358. [PMID: 17939521 DOI: 10.2987/8756-971x(2007)23[355:lgppip]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gut pH and pH optimum of amylase were measured in 4th-stage larvae of 2 pestiferous chironomid species, Chironomus crassicaudatus and Glyptotendipes paripes. The gut pH in both species was close to neutral, varying from 6.7 to 7.4 and 6.9 to 7.6 pH units for C. crassicaudatus and G. paripes, respectively. In both species, slightly alkaline pH values were measured in the anterior part of the mesenteron, whereas slightly acidic pH values were recorded in gastric caecae and the posterior part of mesenteron. Amylase pH optimum in both chironomid species remained between pH values of 5.5 and 7, being closer to pH value 7 than 5.5. This profile was consistent with the measured values of the gut pH. The recorded larval gut pH profile in the 2 species of chironomids in the present study is much lower than gut pH reported for mosquitoes or Lepidoptera larvae. This could be the reason for the relatively much lower susceptibility of chironomid larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis toxin proteins than some other nematoceran Diptera, specifically mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frouz
- University of Florida, IFAS, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Entomology and Nematology, 2725 Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
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Abstract
Upper eyelid entropion can occur as a consequence of inflammation, infection, trauma or surgery. It may very rarely occur as a congenital eyelid malposition. Numerous surgical procedures have been described to correct it depending on the primary anatomical and pathophysiological defects. We describe the use of autogenous auricular cartilage for its correction where the tarsal plate is found to be deficient. Seven patients were studied prospectively after correction of their upper eyelid entropion with autogenous auricular cartilage with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. We report the surgical technique, and the results and complications of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yaqub
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, UK
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Abstract
The expression of the Fos and Jun families of nuclear phosphoproteins can be induced by a variety of extracellular stimuli and is known to participate in the transcriptional regulation of target genes. To examine the role of these transcription factors in retinal function, we used polyclonal antisera to localize these protein families in the turtle retina. Fos-like immunoreactivity was in many somata in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers. In contrast, Jun-like immunoreactivity was in a smaller number of amacrine cells and many somata in the ganglion cell layer. The monostratified dendritic arbors of one prominent amacrine cell type with Jun-like immunoreactivity were also labeled. There were no dramatic differences in the levels of Fos-like immunoreactivity or Jun-like immunoreactivity between light- or dark-adapted retinas. We examined the effects of excitatory amino acids and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the expression of these proteins in vitro. In some experiments, cobalt was used to block synaptic transmission. The excitatory amino acids increased both Fos- and Jun-like immunoreactivity, while GABA generally showed no such stimulatory effect. In cobalt-treated retinas, the same cell types had Jun-like immunoreactivity as seen in the controls, but overall levels of immunoreactivity were increased. In cobalt-treated dark-adapted retinas, some excitatory amino acids increased cytoplasmic Fos-like immunoreactivity in the somata and processes of large cells in the ganglion cell layer. Our results suggest that Fos- and Jun-related proteins may play an important role in the postsynaptic responses to amino acid transmitters in a wide variety of amacrine and ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yaqub
- Boston University, Department of Biology, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Yaqub A, Eldred WD. Effects of excitatory amino acids on immunocytochemically identified populations of neurons in turtle retina. J Neurocytol 1993; 22:644-62. [PMID: 8229090 DOI: 10.1007/bf01181490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Excitatory amino acids play an important role in visual processing in the retinas of many species, but little is known about the identity of the specific postsynaptic cell types and the pharmacology of their receptors. To investigate which specific cell types were affected by excitatory amino acids, we examined the effects of exogenous aspartate, glutamate, kainic acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and MK-801 on retinal neurons. Specific populations of neurons were labelled using antibodies directed against glucagon, enkephalin, neurotensin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid decarboxylase, serotonin, glycine, glutamate or aspartate. We analyzed a combination of long-term in vivo injections (seven days following an intraocular injection of kainic acid) and short term in vitro incubations. There were changes in the labelling intensity and sometimes in the relative localization of all of the antigens in the drug treated retinas. Some observations suggested that the drugs were altering neurotransmitter metabolism. Differential responses were seen in specific cell types within the populations of neurons with neurotensin-, glutamate-, aspartate-, glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid-, and glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity. The immunocytochemical approach used in these studies was able to determine specific retinal cell types which were influenced by particular excitatory amino acids. The broad extent of cell types influenced and the potential metabolic effects suggest that excitatory amino acids and their receptors play a complex role in visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yaqub
- Boston University, Department of Biology, MA 02215
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Abstract
Aspartate has been reported to be a putative excitatory neurotransmitter in the retina, but little detailed information is available concerning its anatomical distribution. We used an antiserum directed against an aspartate-albumin conjugate to analyze the anatomy, dendritic stratification, and regional distribution of cell types with aspartate-like immunoreactivity in the turtle retina. The results showed dramatic differences in immunoreactivity in the peripheral versus the central retina. Strong aspartate-like immunoreactivity was shown in the peripheral retina, with many well-labeled processes in the inner plexiform layer. Many bipolar, horizontal, amacrine, and ganglion cells, some photoreceptors, and some unidentified cells were strongly immunoreactive in the peripheral retina. In contrast, although the central retina showed well-labeled horizontal cells, there was only light labeling in the inner plexiform layer with weakly immunoreactive amacrine and ganglion cells and no labeled bipolar cells. There were several strongly immunoreactive efferent nerve fibers which left the optic nerve head and arborized extensively in the retina. At the electron microscopic level, electron-dense reaction product was associated with synaptic vesicles at bipolar and amacrine cell synapses in the inner plexiform layer. These results suggest that aspartate may be involved in many diverse synaptic interactions in both the outer plexiform layer and the inner plexiform layer of the turtle retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yaqub
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215
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