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Kong F, Li M, Liu K, Ge Y, Yamasaki T, Beyly-Adriano A, Ohama T, Li-Beisson Y. Efficient approaches for nuclear transgene stacking in the unicellular green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Moulin SLY, Beyly-Adriano A, Cuiné S, Blangy S, Légeret B, Floriani M, Burlacot A, Sorigué D, Samire PP, Li-Beisson Y, Peltier G, Beisson F. Fatty acid photodecarboxylase is an ancient photoenzyme that forms hydrocarbons in the thylakoids of algae. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:1455-1472. [PMID: 33856460 PMCID: PMC8260138 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP) is one of the few enzymes that require light for their catalytic cycle (photoenzymes). FAP was first identified in the microalga Chlorella variabilis NC64A, and belongs to an algae-specific subgroup of the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family. While the FAP from C. variabilis and its Chlamydomonas reinhardtii homolog CrFAP have demonstrated in vitro activities, their activities and physiological functions have not been studied in vivo. Furthermore, the conservation of FAP activity beyond green microalgae remains hypothetical. Here, using a C. reinhardtii FAP knockout line (fap), we showed that CrFAP is responsible for the formation of 7-heptadecene, the only hydrocarbon of this alga. We further showed that CrFAP was predominantly membrane-associated and that >90% of 7-heptadecene was recovered in the thylakoid fraction. In the fap mutant, photosynthetic activity was not affected under standard growth conditions, but was reduced after cold acclimation when light intensity varied. A phylogenetic analysis that included sequences from Tara Ocean identified almost 200 putative FAPs and indicated that FAP was acquired early after primary endosymbiosis. Within Bikonta, FAP was retained in secondary photosynthetic endosymbiosis lineages but absent from those that lost the plastid. Characterization of recombinant FAPs from various algal genera (Nannochloropsis, Ectocarpus, Galdieria, Chondrus) provided experimental evidence that FAP photochemical activity was present in red and brown algae, and was not limited to unicellular species. These results thus indicate that FAP was conserved during the evolution of most algal lineages where photosynthesis was retained, and suggest that its function is linked to photosynthetic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène L Y Moulin
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Present address: Stanford University, 279 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Audrey Beyly-Adriano
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Stéphan Cuiné
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Stéphanie Blangy
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Bertrand Légeret
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Magali Floriani
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Adrien Burlacot
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Present address: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
| | - Damien Sorigué
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Poutoum-Palakiyem Samire
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Fred Beisson
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Author for communication:
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Kong F, Liang Y, Légeret B, Beyly-Adriano A, Blangy S, Haslam RP, Napier JA, Beisson F, Peltier G, Li-Beisson Y. Chlamydomonas carries out fatty acid β-oxidation in ancestral peroxisomes using a bona fide acyl-CoA oxidase. Plant J 2017; 90:358-371. [PMID: 28142200 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are thought to have played a key role in the evolution of metabolic networks of photosynthetic organisms by connecting oxidative and biosynthetic routes operating in different compartments. While the various oxidative pathways operating in the peroxisomes of higher plants are fairly well characterized, the reactions present in the primitive peroxisomes (microbodies) of algae are poorly understood. Screening of a Chlamydomonas insertional mutant library identified a strain strongly impaired in oil remobilization and defective in Cre05.g232002 (CrACX2), a gene encoding a member of the acyl-CoA oxidase/dehydrogenase superfamily. The purified recombinant CrACX2 expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed the oxidation of fatty acyl-CoAs into trans-2-enoyl-CoA and produced H2 O2 . This result demonstrated that CrACX2 is a genuine acyl-CoA oxidase, which is responsible for the first step of the peroxisomal fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation spiral. A fluorescent protein-tagging study pointed to a peroxisomal location of CrACX2. The importance of peroxisomal FA β-oxidation in algal physiology was shown by the impact of the mutation on FA turnover during day/night cycles. Moreover, under nitrogen depletion the mutant accumulated 20% more oil than the wild type, illustrating the potential of β-oxidation mutants for algal biotechnology. This study provides experimental evidence that a plant-type FA β-oxidation involving H2 O2 -producing acyl-CoA oxidation activity has already evolved in the microbodies of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fantao Kong
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix Marseille, 13108, Cadarache, France
| | - Yuanxue Liang
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix Marseille, 13108, Cadarache, France
| | - Bertrand Légeret
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix Marseille, 13108, Cadarache, France
| | - Audrey Beyly-Adriano
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix Marseille, 13108, Cadarache, France
| | - Stéphanie Blangy
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix Marseille, 13108, Cadarache, France
| | - Richard P Haslam
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Fred Beisson
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix Marseille, 13108, Cadarache, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix Marseille, 13108, Cadarache, France
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, UMR7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix Marseille, 13108, Cadarache, France
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Chaux F, Johnson X, Auroy P, Beyly-Adriano A, Te I, Cuiné S, Peltier G. PGRL1 and LHCSR3 Compensate for Each Other in Controlling Photosynthesis and Avoiding Photosystem I Photoinhibition during High Light Acclimation of Chlamydomonas Cells. Mol Plant 2017; 10:216-218. [PMID: 27693674 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Chaux
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Xenie Johnson
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Pascaline Auroy
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Audrey Beyly-Adriano
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Isabelle Te
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Stéphan Cuiné
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France.
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Goold HD, Nguyen HM, Kong F, Beyly-Adriano A, Légeret B, Billon E, Cuiné S, Beisson F, Peltier G, Li-Beisson Y. Whole Genome Re-Sequencing Identifies a Quantitative Trait Locus Repressing Carbon Reserve Accumulation during Optimal Growth in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25209. [PMID: 27141848 PMCID: PMC4855234 DOI: 10.1038/srep25209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have emerged as a promising source for biofuel production. Massive oil and starch accumulation in microalgae is possible, but occurs mostly when biomass growth is impaired. The molecular networks underlying the negative correlation between growth and reserve formation are not known. Thus isolation of strains capable of accumulating carbon reserves during optimal growth would be highly desirable. To this end, we screened an insertional mutant library of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for alterations in oil content. A mutant accumulating five times more oil and twice more starch than wild-type during optimal growth was isolated and named constitutive oil accumulator 1 (coa1). Growth in photobioreactors under highly controlled conditions revealed that the increase in oil and starch content in coa1 was dependent on light intensity. Genetic analysis and DNA hybridization pointed to a single insertional event responsible for the phenotype. Whole genome re-sequencing identified in coa1 a >200 kb deletion on chromosome 14 containing 41 genes. This study demonstrates that, 1), the generation of algal strains accumulating higher reserve amount without compromising biomass accumulation is feasible; 2), light is an important parameter in phenotypic analysis; and 3), a chromosomal region (Quantitative Trait Locus) acts as suppressor of carbon reserve accumulation during optimal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Douglas Goold
- CEA, BIAM, Lab Bioenerget Biotechnol Bacteries &Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget &Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, Marseille, 13284, France.,Faculty of Agriculture and the Environment, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Hoa Mai Nguyen
- CEA, BIAM, Lab Bioenerget Biotechnol Bacteries &Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget &Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Fantao Kong
- CEA, BIAM, Lab Bioenerget Biotechnol Bacteries &Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget &Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Audrey Beyly-Adriano
- CEA, BIAM, Lab Bioenerget Biotechnol Bacteries &Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget &Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Bertrand Légeret
- CEA, BIAM, Lab Bioenerget Biotechnol Bacteries &Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget &Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Emmanuelle Billon
- CEA, BIAM, Lab Bioenerget Biotechnol Bacteries &Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget &Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Stéphan Cuiné
- CEA, BIAM, Lab Bioenerget Biotechnol Bacteries &Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget &Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Fred Beisson
- CEA, BIAM, Lab Bioenerget Biotechnol Bacteries &Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget &Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- CEA, BIAM, Lab Bioenerget Biotechnol Bacteries &Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget &Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- CEA, BIAM, Lab Bioenerget Biotechnol Bacteries &Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,CNRS, UMR 7265 Biol Veget &Microbiol Environ, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13108, France.,Aix Marseille Université, BVME UMR7265, Marseille, 13284, France
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Cagnon C, Mirabella B, Nguyen HM, Beyly-Adriano A, Bouvet S, Cuiné S, Beisson F, Peltier G, Li-Beisson Y. Development of a forward genetic screen to isolate oil mutants in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biotechnol Biofuels 2013; 6:178. [PMID: 24295516 PMCID: PMC4176504 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oils produced by microalgae are precursors to biodiesel. To achieve a profitable production of biodiesel from microalgae, identification of factors governing oil synthesis and turnover is desirable. The green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is amenable to genetic analyses and has recently emerged as a model to study oil metabolism. However, a detailed method to isolate various types of oil mutants that is adapted to Chlamydomonas has not been reported. RESULTS We describe here a forward genetic approach to isolate mutants altered in oil synthesis and turnover from C. reinhardtii. It consists of a three-step screening procedure: a primary screen by flow cytometry of Nile red stained transformants grown in 96-deep-well plates under three sequential conditions (presence of nitrogen, then absence of nitrogen, followed by oil remobilization); a confirmation step using Nile red stained biological triplicates; and a validation step consisting of the quantification by thin layer chromatography of oil content of selected strains. Thirty-one mutants were isolated by screening 1,800 transformants generated by random insertional mutagenesis (1.7%). Five showed increased oil accumulation under the nitrogen-replete condition and 13 had altered oil content under nitrogen-depletion. All mutants were affected in oil remobilization. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that various types of oil mutants can be isolated in Chlamydomonas based on the method set-up here, including mutants accumulating oil under optimal biomass growth. The strategy conceived and the protocol set-up should be applicable to other microalgal species such as Nannochloropsis and Chlorella, thus serving as a useful tool in Chlamydomonas oil research and algal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cagnon
- CEA Cadarache, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
| | - Boris Mirabella
- CEA Cadarache, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
| | - Hoa Mai Nguyen
- CEA Cadarache, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- Present address: Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille, UMR 7313, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Beyly-Adriano
- CEA Cadarache, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
| | - Séverine Bouvet
- CEA Cadarache, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
| | - Stéphan Cuiné
- CEA Cadarache, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
| | - Fred Beisson
- CEA Cadarache, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- CEA Cadarache, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- CEA Cadarache, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- CNRS, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F-13108, France
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7
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Nguyen HM, Cuiné S, Beyly-Adriano A, Légeret B, Billon E, Auroy P, Beisson F, Peltier G, Li-Beisson Y. The green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has a single ω-3 fatty acid desaturase that localizes to the chloroplast and impacts both plastidic and extraplastidic membrane lipids. Plant Physiol 2013; 163:914-28. [PMID: 23958863 PMCID: PMC3793068 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.223941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids account for more than 50% of total fatty acids in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, where they are present in both plastidic and extraplastidic membranes. In an effort to elucidate the lipid desaturation pathways in this model alga, a mutant with more than 65% reduction in total ω-3 fatty acids was isolated by screening an insertional mutant library using gas chromatography-based analysis of total fatty acids of cell pellets. Molecular genetics analyses revealed the insertion of a TOC1 transposon 113 bp upstream of the ATG start codon of a putative ω-3 desaturase (CrFAD7; locus Cre01.g038600). Nuclear genetic complementation of crfad7 using genomic DNA containing CrFAD7 restored the wild-type fatty acid profile. Under standard growth conditions, the mutant is indistinguishable from the wild type except for the fatty acid difference, but when exposed to short-term heat stress, its photosynthesis activity is more thermotolerant than the wild type. A comparative lipidomic analysis of the crfad7 mutant and the wild type revealed reductions in all ω-3 fatty acid-containing plastidic and extraplastidic glycerolipid molecular species. CrFAD7 was localized to the plastid by immunofluorescence in situ hybridization. Transformation of the crfad7 plastidial genome with a codon-optimized CrFAD7 restored the ω-3 fatty acid content of both plastidic and extraplastidic lipids. These results show that CrFAD7 is the only ω-3 fatty acid desaturase expressed in C. reinhardtii, and we discuss possible mechanisms of how a plastid-located desaturase may impact the ω-3 fatty acid content of extraplastidic lipids.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
- Adaptation, Physiological/radiation effects
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/enzymology
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/genetics
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/radiation effects
- Chloroplasts/enzymology
- Chloroplasts/genetics
- Chloroplasts/radiation effects
- DNA Transposable Elements/genetics
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- Fatty Acid Desaturases/chemistry
- Fatty Acid Desaturases/genetics
- Fatty Acid Desaturases/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/biosynthesis
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Genetic Complementation Test
- Genetic Loci/genetics
- In Situ Hybridization
- Light
- Membrane Lipids/metabolism
- Microalgae/enzymology
- Microalgae/genetics
- Microalgae/radiation effects
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Insertional/genetics
- Mutation/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Subcellular Fractions/enzymology
- Temperature
- Transcription, Genetic/radiation effects
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Mai Nguyen
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Cadarache, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.); and
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
| | - Stéphan Cuiné
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Cadarache, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.); and
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
| | - Audrey Beyly-Adriano
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Cadarache, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.); and
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
| | - Bertrand Légeret
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Cadarache, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.); and
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
| | - Emmanuelle Billon
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Cadarache, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.); and
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
| | - Pascaline Auroy
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Cadarache, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.); and
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
| | - Fred Beisson
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Cadarache, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.); and
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique Cadarache, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
- CNRS, UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.); and
- Aix-Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance F–13108, France (H.M.N., S.C., A.B.-A., B.L., E.B., P.A., F.B., G.P., Y.L.-B.)
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