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Huang BL, Luo H, Li CY, Wang Y, Rong SW. [A case of neurodevelopmental disorder with refractory epilepsy caused by GRIA2 gene variant]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:1209-1211. [PMID: 36319160 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20220521-00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B L Huang
- Children's Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - H Luo
- Children's Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - C Y Li
- Children's Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Y Wang
- Children's Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - S W Rong
- Children's Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
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Dong LW, Sun XN, Ma ZC, Fu J, Liu FJ, Huang BL, Liang DC, Sun DM, Lan C. Increased Vδ1γδT cells predominantly contributed to IL-17 production in the development of adult human post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:271. [PMID: 34193069 PMCID: PMC8243880 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background γδT cells play an important role in the mucosa inflammation and immunity-associated disorders. Our previous study reported that γδ T cells producing IL-17 were involved in the pathogenesis of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). However, their subset characteristic profile in this kind of disease remains unclear. Thus the current study’s aim is to investigate the functionally predominant subset and its role in PI-IBS. Methods The total T cells were collected from the peripheral blood of patients with PI-IBS. The peripheral proportion of Vδ1 and Vδ2 subset was detected by FACS after stained with anti δ1-PE and anti δ2-APC. The local colonic proportion of this two subsets were measured under laser confocal fluorescence microscope. Vδ1 γδ T cells were enriched from the total peripheral T cells by minoantibody-immuno-microbeads (MACS) method and cultured, functionally evaluated by CCK-8 assay (proliferation), CD69/CD62L molecules expression assay (activation) and ELISA (IL-17 production) respectively. Results 1. Vδ1 γδ T cells significantly increased while Vδ2 γδ T cells remained unchanged in both the peripheral blood and local colonic tissue from PI-IBS patients (p < 0.05). 2. When cultured in vitro, the Vδ1 γδ T cells remarkably proliferated, activated and produced IL-17 (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that Vδ1 γδ T cells was the predominant γδ T cells subset in both peripheral and intestinal tissue, and was the major IL-17 producing γδ T cells in PI-IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - X N Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Z C Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - J Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - F J Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - B L Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - D C Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - D M Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles,, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Cheng Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital, Affiliated Hainan Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, Hainan Province, China.
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Huang BL, Zhang XK, Li YY, Li DY, Ma MY, Cai DT, Wu WH, Huang BQ. Cloning and characterization of the dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A gene in Eruca vesicaria subsp sativa. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8540. [PMID: 27525923 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15038540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Eruca vesicaria subsp sativa is one of the most tolerant Cruciferae species to drought, and dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A (DREB2A) is involved in responses to salinity, heat, and particularly drought. In this study, a gene encoding EvDREB2A was cloned and characterized in E. vesicaria subsp sativa. The full-length EvDREB2A cDNA sequence contained a 388-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 348-bp 3'-UTR, and a 1002-bp open reading frame that encoded 334 amino acid residues. The theoretical isoelectric point of the EvDREB2A protein was 4.80 and the molecular weight was 37.64 kDa. The genomic sequence of EvDREB2A contained no introns. Analysis using SMART indicated that EvDREB2A contains a conserved AP2 domain, similar to other plant DREBs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that EvDREB2A and DREB2As from Brassica rapa, Eutrema salsugineum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis lyrata, and Arachis hypogaea formed a small subgroup, which clustered with DREB2Bs from A. lyrata, A. thaliana, Camelina sativa, and B. rapa to form a larger subgroup. EvDREB2A is most closely related to B. rapa DREB2A, followed by DREB2As from E. salsugineum, A. thaliana, A. hypogaea, and A. lyrata. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that EvDREB2A expression was highest in the leaves, followed by the roots and hypocotyls, and was lowest in the flower buds. EvDREB2A could be used to improve drought tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - X K Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Y Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - D Y Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - M Y Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - D T Cai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - W H Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - B Q Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Du XZ, Huang BL, Guan H, Li ZY, Huang BQ. Production and genetic characterization of interspecific hybrids among Crambe abyssinica, Crambe hispanica and Crambe kralikii. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:6995-7005. [PMID: 24737515 DOI: 10.4238/2014.march.26.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, interspecific crosses among Crambe abyssinica, Crambe hispanica, and Crambe kralikii were reported. In the C. hispanica x C. abyssinica (H x A) cross, 118 F1 hybrids were produced without embryo rescue, while 5 F1 hybrids were obtained with embryo rescue, when C. hispanica was used as the female parent. In the reciprocal cross (A x H), 232 hybrids were obtained without embryo rescue. From more than 1000 C. kralikii flowers pollinated with pollen grains of C. abyssinica (K x A), only 2 F1 hybrids were obtained with embryo rescue, whereas the reciprocal cross produced no hybrids, even with embryo rescue. The hybrids were confirmed at the morphological, cytological, and molecular levels. In the combinations of A x H and H x A, many BC1 hybrids were obtained without embryo rescue. In contrast, in the K x A cross, only 7 BC1 plants were obtained with embryo rescue, while no seed set was achieved under self-pollination or in backcrosses without embryo rescue. In the H x A F1 hybrids, the pollen stainability was 65.4-86.0%, with an average of 76.9%. In comparison, the pollen viability of hybrids in the reciprocal cross (A x H) ranged from 66.2 to 81.1%, with an average of 75.4%. Fertile pollen grains were not found in the K x A F1 hybrids. All F1 hybrids of the 3 crosses (H x A, A x H, and K x A) had the expected 2n = 75 chromosomes. AFLP analyses indicated that all F1 hybrids and their progenies had typical bands of the parents. These hybrids and progenies are anticipated to be valuable for future C. abyssinica improvement in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Du
- College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - B L Huang
- College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Y Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - B Q Huang
- College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Two classes of structural families of boron nitride allotropes (named as X-BNs and L-BNs) are proposed to shed light on the polycrystalline structure of high pressure h-BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Xu
- Department of Physics
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng 224051, China
| | - J. F. Li
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - B. L. Huang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - B. L. Wang
- Department of Physics
- Yancheng Institute of Technology
- Yancheng 224051, China
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Lin XC, Chow TY, Chen HH, Liu CC, Chou SJ, Huang BL, Kuo CI, Wen CK, Huang LC, Fang W. Understanding bamboo flowering based on large-scale analysis of expressed sequence tags. Genet Mol Res 2010; 9:1085-93. [PMID: 20568053 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-2gmr804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Unlike other plants, bamboo (Bambusoideae) flowering is an elusive physiological phenomena, because it is unpredictable, long-periodic, gregarious, and uncontrollable; also, bamboo plants usually die after flowering. The flowering mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana, a eudicot model species, is well established, but it remains unknown in bamboo species. We found 4470 and 3878 expressed sequence tags in the flower bud and vegetative shoot cDNA libraries, respectively, of the bamboo species, Bambusa oldhamii. Different genes were found expressed in bamboo flower buds compared to vegetative shoots, based on the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences functional categorization; flowering-related genes were also identified in this species. We also identified Arabidopsis flowering-specific homologs that are involved in its photoperiod in this bamboo species, along with autonomous, vernalization and gibberellin-dependent pathways, indicating that bamboos may have a similar mechanism to control floral transition. Some bamboo expressed sequence tags shared high similarity with those of rice, but others did not match any known sequences. Our data lead us to conclude that bamboo may have its own unique flowering genes. This information can help us understand bamboo flowering and provides useful experimental methods to study the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Lin
- Key Lab for Modern Silvicultural Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
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Hsiao WW, Wu YS, Wang YN, Huang BL, Huang LC. First Report of Rhizoctonia Blight of a Coastal Redwood Tissue-Culture-Derived Saplings Caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-IV in Taiwan. Plant Dis 2008; 92:655. [PMID: 30769660 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-92-4-0655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) is native to North America. This tall tree species is used for forestation and lumber; its wood is also used for furniture, its burls for art ware, and its bark for fuel, insulation, and mulch. In August 2005, an instance of wilt was observed among 2-year-old tissue-culture-cloned plants (2) in the Sitou Forest of central Taiwan. Essentially, all plants were infected. The leaves or stems near the ground were affected first, but the wilt soon spread over the entire plant with the leaves becoming grayish brown and water soaked, and then wilting, drying, and finally defoliation occurred. Aerial hyphae were present over the affected areas, aerial mycelium was cob-web-like, hyaline, later becoming slightly brown. Hyphae were 6.5 to 10.4 μm wide with right-angle branching and septal constriction at their bases. Sclerotia were hemispherical, subglobose, to irregular in shape, 1 to 2 mm, and brown. The perfect stage of the fungus was not found. The fungus was identified as Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (3). Vegetative cells were stained with alkaline safranin solution and identified as multinucleate (1). Portions of the stem that displayed symptoms, together with adjacent healthy tissue, were disinfested for 1 min in 0.5% NaOCl and plated on to potato-dextrose agar (PDA) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) supplemented with 100 mg/L of ampicillin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Single hyphal tips were transferred to PDA and two isolates were established as pure cultures. On the basis of hyphal anastomosis with AG-IV tester isolates (exfop234, exfop241, and exfop250) (1), the fungus was identifed as R. solani AG-IV. Pathogenicity of the fungal isolates was confirmed by inoculating 2-month-old tissue-culture-derived S. sempervirens plants that were grown in pots and incubated in a growth chamber maintained at 28°C with a relative humidity above 95%. Inoculum consisted of a single mycelial 5-day-old 0.5-cm disc grown on PDA of the pathogen placed on the soil surface touching the base of each plant. Four plants were inoculated with mycelium and the four control plants were noninoculated. Inoculated plants wilted gradually over 4 days and all plants developed severe stem rot and were dead in 6 days, whereas control plants remained symptomless. The Rhizoctonia solani AG-IV was reisolated from all inoculated plants. This fungus has been observed to cause disease in many species of plants (4), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of Rhizoctonia blight of coastal redwood tissue-culture-derived saplings caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-IV in Taiwan. References: (1) T. T. Chang. Taiwan J. For. Sci. 12:47, 1997. (2) L. C. Huang et al. Plant Physiol. 98:166, 1992. (3) B. Sneh et al. Identification of Rhizoctonia species. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1991. (4) S. T. Su et al. List of Plant Diseases in Taiwan. The Phytopathological Society of the Republic of China, 2002.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Hsiao
- The Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Y S Wu
- The Experimental Forest, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Y N Wang
- Department of Forestry and Resource Conservation, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - B L Huang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - L C Huang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Clipsham R, Zhang YH, Huang BL, McCabe ERB. Genetic network identification by high density, multiplexed reversed transcriptional (HD-MRT) analysis in steroidogenic axis model cell lines. Mol Genet Metab 2002; 77:159-78. [PMID: 12359144 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-7192(02)00119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional network analysis in steroidogenic axis cell lines requires an understanding of cellular network composition and complexity. Previous studies have shown that absence of transcriptional network components in a cell line compromises that cell line's functional capacity for transcriptional regulation. Our goal was to analyze qualitatively steroidogenic axis-derived cell lines' expression of a putative transcriptional network involved in human and mouse development. To pursue this analysis we used Northern blots and a high density-multiplexed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (HD-MRT-PCR) approach. Our results revealed that, while some members of this putative network were universally expressed, only a minority of the non-constitutive targeted transcripts were present in any single line. Based on our data and previously published results for contextual expression of these transcription factors, a model was constructed possessing the topology suggestive of a scale-free network: certain network members were highly connected nodes and would represent critical sites of vulnerability. The importance of these highly connected nodes for network function is supported by the severe phenotypes exhibited by human patients and animal models when these genes are mutated. We conclude that knowledge of network composition in specific cell lines is essential for their use as models to investigate functional interactions within selected subnetworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Clipsham
- UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ohira R, Zhang YH, Guo W, Dipple K, Shih SL, Doerr J, Huang BL, Fu LJ, Abu-Khalil A, Geschwind D, McCabe ERB. Human ARX gene: genomic characterization and expression. Mol Genet Metab 2002; 77:179-88. [PMID: 12359145 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-7192(02)00126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arx is a homeobox-containing gene with a high degree of sequence similarity between mouse and zebrafish. Arx is expressed in the forebrain and floor plate of the developing central nervous systems of these vertebrates and in the presumptive cortex of fetal mice. Our goal was to identify genes in Xp22.1-p21.3 involved in human neuronal development. Our in silico search for candidate genes noted that annotation of a human Xp22 PAC (RPCI1-258N20) sequence (GenBank Accession No. AC002504) identified putative exons consistent with an Arx homologue in Xp22. Northern blot analysis showed that a 3.3kb human ARX transcript was expressed at high levels in fetal brain. A 5.9kb transcript was expressed in adult heart, skeletal muscle, and liver with very faint expression in other adult tissues, including brain. In situ hybridization of ARX in human fetal brain sections at various developmental stages showed the highest expression in neuronal precursors in the germinal matrix of the ganglionic eminence and in the ventricular zone of the telencephalon. Expression was also observed in the hippocampus, cingulate, subventricular zone, cortical plate, caudate nucleus, and putamen. The expression pattern suggests that ARX is involved in the differentiation and maintenance of specific neuronal cell types in the human central nervous system. We also mapped the murine Arx gene to the mouse genome using a mouse/hamster radiation hybrid panel and showed that Arx and ARX are orthologues. Therefore, investigations in model vertebrates may provide insight into the role of ARX in development. The recent identification of ARX mutations in patients with various forms of mental retardation make such studies in model organisms even more compelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ohira
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA
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Zhang YH, Huang BL, Anyane-Yeboa K, Carvalho JA, Clemons RD, Cole T, De Figueiredo BC, Lubinsky M, Metzger DL, Quadrelli R, Repaske DR, Reyno S, Seaver LH, Vaglio A, Van Vliet G, McCabe LL, McCabe ER, Phelan JK. Nine novel mutations in NR0B1 (DAX1) causing adrenal hypoplasia congenita. Hum Mutat 2001; 18:547. [PMID: 11748852 DOI: 10.1002/humu.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) is caused by mutations in the NR0B1 gene. This gene encodes an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, DAX1. Ongoing efforts in our laboratory have identified nine novel NR0B1 mutations in X-linked AHC patients (Y81X, 343delG, 457delT, 629delG, L295P, 926-927delTG, 1130delA, 1141-1155del15, and E428X). Two additional families segregate previously identified NR0B1 mutations (501delA and R425T). Sequence analysis of the mitochondrial D-loop indicates that the 501delA family is unrelated through matrilineal descent to our previously analyzed 501delA family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095-1752, USA
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Zhang SY, Huang BL, Gong ZB. [High current microsecond pulsed hollow cathode lamp excited inductively coupled plasma ionic fluorescence spectrometry of Eu, Yb, Ca, Sr and Ba with an extended-sleeve torch]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2001; 21:632-636. [PMID: 12945316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is a powerful atomizer for atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), but high degree of ionization in high temperature of plasma at lower observation height and easy combination with oxygen at high observation height significantly decrease fluorescence intensity of refractory elements. Inoic fluorescence spectrometry (IFS) of Eu, Yb, Ca, Sr and Ba was investigated with high current microsecond pulsed (HCMP) hollow cathode lamps (HCLs) and an extended-sleeve torch adopted in commercial Baird Plasma AFS 2000 fluorescence spectrometer. Without introduction of any organic gas or solvent into the plasma, the detection limits (DLs) with HCMP-HCL-IFS was improved by about 1.5 order of magnitude (37x) for Sr, by over 2 orders of magnitude for Ba, and by nearly 1 order of magnitude for Eu and Yb as compared to those of conventionally pulsed (ICP-HCL-AFS). The HCMP IFS DLs of Eu and Yb were even superior to those of dye laser excited IFS reported in literatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Zhang
- Lab. of Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Dipple KM, Zhang YH, Huang BL, McCabe LL, Dallongeville J, Inokuchi T, Kimura M, Marx HJ, Roederer GO, Shih V, Yamaguchi S, Yoshida I, McCabe ER. Glycerol kinase deficiency: evidence for complexity in a single gene disorder. Hum Genet 2001; 109:55-62. [PMID: 11479736 DOI: 10.1007/s004390100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2000] [Accepted: 05/16/2001] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) occurs as part of an Xp21 contiguous gene syndrome or as isolated GKD. The isolated form can be either symptomatic with episodic metabolic and central nervous system (CNS) decompensation or asymptomatic with hyperglycerolemia and glyceroluria only. To better understand the pathogenesis of isolated GKD, we sought individuals with point mutations in the GK coding region and measured their GK enzyme activities. We identified six individuals with missense mutations: four (N288D, A305V, M428T, and Q438R) among males who were asymptomatic and two (D198G, R405Q) in individuals who were symptomatic. GK activity measured in lymphoblastoid cell lines or fibroblasts was similar for the symptomatic and the asymptomatic individuals. Mapping of the individuals' missense mutations to the three-dimensional structure of Escherichia coli GK revealed that the symptomatic individuals' mutations are in the same region as a subset of the mutations among the asymptomatic individuals, adjacent to the active-site cleft. We conclude that, like many other disorders, GK genotype does not predict GKD phenotype. We hypothesize that the phenotype of an individual with GKD is a complex trait influenced by additional, independently inherited genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Dipple
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752, USA
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Patel M, Dorman KS, Zhang YH, Huang BL, Arnold AP, Sinsheimer JS, Vilain E, McCabe ER. Primate DAX1, SRY, and SOX9: evolutionary stratification of sex-determination pathway. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 68:275-80. [PMID: 11112659 PMCID: PMC1234927 DOI: 10.1086/316932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2000] [Accepted: 11/13/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular evolution of DAX1, SRY, and SOX9, genes involved in mammalian sex determination, was examined in six primate species. DAX1 and SRY have been added to the X and Y chromosomes, respectively, during mammalian evolution, whereas SOX9 remains autosomal. We determined the genomic sequences of DAX1, SRY, and SOX9 in all six species, and calculated K(a), the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site, and compared this with the K(s), the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by means of the DAX1, SRY, and SOX9 coding sequences, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood. Overall measures of gene and protein similarity were closer for DAX1 and SOX9, but DAX1 exhibited nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions at an accelerated frequency relative to synonymous changes, similar to SRY and significantly higher than SOX9. We conclude that, at the protein level, DAX1 and SRY are under less selective pressure to remain conserved than SOX9, and, therefore, diverge more across species than does SOX9. These results are consistent with evolutionary stratification of the mammalian sex determination pathway, analogous to that for sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patel
- Department of Physiological Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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14
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Abstract
Adrenal gland development is complex and poorly understood at the molecular level. Only a subset of patients with adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) carry mutations in DAX1, a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Therefore we set out to identify other candidate genes responsible for AHC by characterizing genes involved in fetal adrenal development. To identify these genes, we studied the differential expression of genes in fetal rat adrenals comparing tissues at 14 and 15 days postcoitum (dpc) since this period encompasses major morphological change in rat adrenal development. Fetal rat adrenals were dissected, cDNAs were prepared, and suppressive subtractive hybridization was performed. We isolated 126 clones of putatively differentially expressed clones and approximately 250 bp of each of the clones was sequenced. The most interesting putative developmental genes were examined. One member of the extracellular PTN/MDK (pleiotrophin/midkine) heparin-binding protein family involved in regulation of growth and differentiation was selected for initial study. We obtained full-length transcript by 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends and performed Northern analysis on rat adrenal RNA from fetuses at 13, 14, 15, 17, and 19 dpc and newborns. Results from those analyses demonstrated the highest Mdk expression at days 13 and 14 followed by a moderate decrease of expression during the fetal stages thereafter. In the newborn, Mdk expression is nearly undetectable. Our results indicate that Mdk has a very specific pattern of fetal expression in the adrenals. We conclude that Mdk is involved early in fetal development of the rat adrenal. Therefore, MDK is a candidate gene for AHC not due to DAX1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dewing
- Department of Human Genetics, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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15
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Zhang PG, Huang MG, Huang BL. [Primary surgical operation in the treatment of varicosis of lower limb accompanied by chronic leg ulcer]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2000; 14:230-1. [PMID: 12078309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retrospective clinical analysis of primary surgical operation in the treatment of lower limb accompanied by chronic leg ulcer were adopted in this study. METHODS From September 1990 to June 1998, there were 31 males and 20 females, aged 68 years in average, the area of ulcer varied from 5 cm x 3 cm to 22 cm x 11 cm. The ligation and strip of saphenous vein, debridement and free skin flap grafting were finished in primary operation. RESULTS The skin flaps were survived completely in 50 cases, only 1 case was necrosis partially and healed after changing dressing. Forty-two cases were followed up for 16 months to 9 years (66 months in average), the varicosis and ulcer were healed in 39 cases and only 3 relapsed in ulceration. CONCLUSION Primary surgical operation in the treatment of varicosis of lower limb accompanied by chronic ulcer is practicable in clinic. The curative efficacy is satisfactory and the operative manipulation is simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Zhang
- Department of Surgery, First people's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, Guangdong, P. R. China 528300
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16
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Zhang Y, Dipple KM, Vilain E, Huang BL, Finlayson G, Therrell BL, Worley K, Deininger P, McCabe ER. AluY insertion (IVS4-52ins316alu) in the glycerol kinase gene from an individual with benign glycerol kinase deficiency. Hum Mutat 2000; 15:316-23. [PMID: 10737976 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(200004)15:4<316::aid-humu3>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol kinase deficiency has three distinct forms: an isolated form which may be benign or symptomatic, and a complex form which is symptomatic and part of an Xp21 contiguous gene syndrome. Here we report the case of a male with benign isolated glycerol kinase deficiency who was incidentally identified after observation of pseudohypertriglyceridemia. DNA sequencing of this subject's glycerol kinase gene showed the insertion of an AluY sequence in intron 4 of the glycerol kinase gene. Although Alu insertions have been implicated in other diseases, and a closely related AluY element is found as an insert in the C1 inhibitor gene in patients with hereditary angioedema, this is the first case of glycerol kinase deficiency caused by an Alu insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1782, USA
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17
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Abstract
The diagnosis of bacterial infections can be difficult and time consuming. Rapid and reliable molecular triage of potentially infected patients, particularly the young and the elderly, would prevent unnecessary hospitalizations, reduce associated medical costs, and improve the quality of care. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification utilizing a universal bacterial primer pair, followed by hybridization with species-specific probes, would allow rapid identification of the presence or absence of bacterial DNA, along with an identification of the bacterial species present. Molecular microbiological analyses will require access to bacterial strain standards that can be catalogued and distributed to clinical laboratories. We amplified template DNA in filter paper spots containing boiled bacteria from 14 clinical isolates using a universal primer pair for the 16S ribosomal RNA (rDNA) coding sequence. Species-specific probes were hybridized to the amplification products for bacterial species identification. We conclude that template DNA can be identified with species-specific probes after universal bacterial amplification with a single primer pair. We also demonstrate a rapid and efficient method for the long-term storage and cataloguing of bacterial DNA for use in quality control at clinical laboratories adopting molecular diagnostic methodologies. We speculate that PCR amplification combined with species-specific probe hybridization not only will represent an improvement over culture-based methods in terms of speed, sensitivity, and cost, but will also allow for the identification of unculturable bacteria and emerging or reemerging pathogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M McCabe
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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18
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Huang BL, Fan-Chiang IR, Wen SC, Koo HC, Kao WY, Gavva NR, Shen CK. Derepression of human embryonic zeta-globin promoter by a locus-control region sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:14669-74. [PMID: 9843947 PMCID: PMC24507 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiple protein-DNA complex formed at a human alpha-globin locus-specific regulatory element, HS-40, confers appropriate developmental expression pattern on human embryonic zeta-globin promoter activity in humans and transgenic mice. We show here that introduction of a 1-bp mutation in an NF-E2/AP1 sequence motif converts HS-40 into an erythroid-specific locus-control region. Cis-linkage with this locus-control region, in contrast to the wild-type HS-40, allows erythroid lineage-specific derepression of the silenced human zeta-globin promoter in fetal and adult transgenic mice. Furthermore, zeta-globin promoter activities in adult mice increase in proportion to the number of integrated DNA fragments even at 19 copies/genome. The mutant HS-40 in conjunction with human zeta-globin promoter thus can be used to direct position-independent and copy number-dependent expression of transgenes in adult erythroid cells. The data also supports a model in which competitive DNA binding of different members of the NF-E2/AP1 transcription factor family modulates the developmental stage specificity of an erythroid enhancer. Feasibility to reswitch on embryonic/fetal globin genes through the manipulation of nuclear factor binding at a single regulatory DNA motif is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Republic of China
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19
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Liu YL, Huang BL, Mu ZG. K-Ar isochron and initial argon of kuruktag dyke swarms, Xinjiang, China. Chin Sci Bull 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02891509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Zhang YH, Guo W, Wagner RL, Huang BL, McCabe L, Vilain E, Burris TP, Anyane-Yeboa K, Burghes AH, Chitayat D, Chudley AE, Genel M, Gertner JM, Klingensmith GJ, Levine SN, Nakamoto J, New MI, Pagon RA, Pappas JG, Quigley CA, Rosenthal IM, Baxter JD, Fletterick RJ, McCabe ER. DAX1 mutations map to putative structural domains in a deduced three-dimensional model. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 62:855-64. [PMID: 9529340 PMCID: PMC1377022 DOI: 10.1086/301782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The DAX1 protein is an orphan nuclear hormone receptor based on sequence similarity in the putative ligand-binding domain (LBD). DAX1 mutations result in X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC). Our objective was to identify DAX1 mutations in a series of families, to determine the types of mutations resulting in AHC and to locate single-amino-acid changes in a DAX1 structural model. The 14 new mutations identified among our 17 families with AHC brought the total number of families with AHC to 48 and the number of reported mutations to 42; 1 family showed gonadal mosaicism. These mutations included 23 frameshift, 12 nonsense, and six missense mutations and one single-codon deletion. We mapped the seven single-amino-acid changes to a homology model constructed by use of the three-dimensional crystal structures of the thyroid-hormone receptor and retinoid X receptor alpha. All single-amino-acid changes mapped to the C-terminal half of the DAX1 protein, in the conserved hydrophobic core of the putative LBD, and none affected residues expected to interact directly with a ligand. We conclude that most genetic alterations in DAX1 are frameshift or nonsense mutations and speculate that the codon deletion and missense mutations give insight into the structure and function of DAX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Guo W, Lovell RS, Zhang YH, Huang BL, Burris TP, Craigen WJ, McCabe ER. Ahch, the mouse homologue of DAX1: cloning, characterization and synteny with GyK, the glycerol kinase locus. Gene 1996; 178:31-4. [PMID: 8921887 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(96)00320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We cloned the murine full-length cDNA encoding Ahch, the mouse homologue of DAX1 (DSS-AHC Region on Human X Chromosome, Gene1) which is the gene responsible for human X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Sequence analysis revealed that the murine and human cDNAs have 65% aa identity and 75% aa similarity overall. The cysteine residues in the putative DNA binding domain, which may interact with Zn2+ ions to form zinc fingers, are 100% conserved between the two species, indicating that the novel zinc-finger structures in DAX1 may be functional. In addition, mouse interspecific backcrosses show that the Ahch gene is closely linked to the glycerol kinase locus, GyK, on the mouse X chromosome, indicating that the order of the loci is conserved in this syntenic region between mouse and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine 90024, USA
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22
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Guo W, Burris TP, Zhang YH, Huang BL, Mason J, Copeland KC, Kupfer SR, Pagon RA, McCabe ER. Genomic sequence of the DAX1 gene: an orphan nuclear receptor responsible for X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81:2481-6. [PMID: 8675564 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.81.7.8675564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The gene responsible for X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita, DAX1, encodes a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. We sequenced 8851 bp that contained the DAX1 genomic region. The DAX gene was composed of two exons and one 3.4-kilobase intron. Putative TATA and GC boxes and a putative steroidogenic factor 1 response element were present in the 5'-flanking region. Two potentially polymorphic short tandem repeats were identified. The first exon encoded two putative novel zinc finger motifs within a putative DNA binding domain and part of the ligand binding domain, and the second exon encoded the remainder of the ligand binding domain. Although the putative DNA binding domain of DAX1 does not contain substantial sequence similarity to other nuclear hormone receptor superfamily members, the putative ligand binding domain had remarkable similarity to other family members. Single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis permitted identification of three new mutations in DAX1. In conclusion, single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis facilitates identification of mutations in the DAX1 gene, and the short tandem repeats may permit linkage analysis in families in which mutations are not yet identified. We speculate that DAX1 may be the most primitive member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily identified in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine 90024, USA
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23
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Huang BL, Madoff IM. Identification of internal mammary artery graft at the time of reoperation. Ann Thorac Surg 1994; 58:1192-3. [PMID: 7944785 DOI: 10.1016/0003-4975(94)90494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B L Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Huang LC, Lius S, Huang BL, Murashige T, Mahdi EFM, Van Gundy R. Rejuvenation of Sequoia sempervirens by Repeated Grafting of Shoot Tips onto Juvenile Rootstocks in Vitro: Model for Phase Reversal of Trees. Plant Physiol 1992; 98:166-73. [PMID: 16668609 PMCID: PMC1080165 DOI: 10.1104/pp.98.1.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Repeated grafting of 1.5-centimeter long shoot tips from an adult Sequoia sempervirens tree onto fresh, rooted juvenile stem cuttings in vitro resulted in progressive restoration of juvenile traits. After four successive grafts, stem cuttings of previously adult shoots rooted as well, branched as profusely, and grew with as much or more vigor as those of seedling shoots. Reassays disclosed retention for 3 years of rooting competence at similar levels as originally restored. Adventitious shoot formation was remanifested and callus development was depressed in stem segments from the repeatedly grafted adult. The reversion was associated with appearance and disappearance of distinctive leaf proteins. Neither gibberellic acid nor N(6)-beneyladenine as nutrient supplements duplicated the graft effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Huang
- Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Kiang CH, Nolan T, Huang BL, Lee CP. Determination of femtomole/milliliter concentrations of enprostil acid in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography-laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr 1991; 567:195-212. [PMID: 1918246 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the use of multiple-column high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with laser-induced fluorescence for the determination of femtomole/milliliter concentrations of enprostil acid, a prostaglandin analogue, in human plasma. The drug is isolated from plasma by phenyl solid-phase extraction and fluorescently labeled at its carboxyl functional group with a large excess of 2-bromoacetyl-6-methoxynaphthalene. A multi-column method using both normal- and reversed-phase chromatography is necessary to separate the labeled drug from the unreacted reagent. Post-column dilution of the mobile phase with water after the reversed-phase chromatography allows on-line concentration of the labeled analyte onto a guard column prior to the microbore HPLC. A loop guard column device provides a simple way to inject up to 1.0 ml of sample solution onto a microbore column without significantly reducing the column efficiency. A 325-nm He-Cd laser is used to excite the labeled drug, and fluorescence emission is monitored at 450 nm. Using this system, we are able to derivatize, detect, and quantify 5 pg of the prostaglandin analogue in 1.0 ml of plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Kiang
- Department of Analytical and Metabolic Chemistry, Syntex Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304
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26
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Jaw TS, Huang BL, Wu CC. Ultrasonography and 99mTc-DISIDA cholescintigraphy in the diagnosis of choledochal cyst in children. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1989; 5:688-96. [PMID: 2699502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Eighteen children with choledochal cyst have underwent abdominal ultrasonography and 99mTc-DISIDA (di-isopropylphenylcarbamoyl-methylimidodiacetic acid) cholescintigraphy before surgery. All patients had typical sonographic findings of a large cystic mass in the porta hepatis with direct continuity to the biliary system. The gallbladder could be easily recognized and distinguished from the cystic mass in every except one case. Dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts was noted in 12 patients (67%). Coexisting biliary stones were found in 3 patients (17%). On the cholecintigrams, 14 patients (78%) had characteristic findings of a round or ovoid photon-deficient area in the porta hepatis with delayed filling and stasis of the tracer in the same area. Three infants (17%) showed a persistent round photon-defect over the porta hepatis without visualization of gallbladder or bowel radioactivity, which was thought to suggest a choledochal cyst with obstruction. A combination of ultrasonography and cholescintigraphy can provide a very accurate preoperative diagnosis of choledochal cyst.
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27
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Lo YS, Huang BL, Tsai LY, Lu CC, Chen TS. [Clinical observations of infants and children with rotavirus gastroenteritis in southern Taiwan]. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1988; 4:358-63. [PMID: 3165469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Chiou SS, Huang BL, Jaw TS, Tsai LY, Lu CC. [Serum lipoprotein profiles in infantile cholestasis: the role of lipoprotein-X (LP-X) in the diagnosis of biliary atresia]. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1988; 29:174-9. [PMID: 3272990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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29
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Mroszczak EJ, Lee FW, Combs D, Sarnquist FH, Huang BL, Wu AT, Tokes LG, Maddox ML, Cho DK. Ketorolac tromethamine absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics in animals and humans. Drug Metab Dispos 1987; 15:618-26. [PMID: 2891477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketorolac tromethamine (KT), a potent non-narcotic analgesic, with cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity, was administered (14C-labeled and unlabeled) intravenously (iv), orally (po), and intramuscularly (im) in solution to humans, cynomolgus monkeys, rabbits, rats, and mice. KT was absorbed rapidly (Tmax less than 1.0 hr) and efficiently (greater than 87%) following po and im doses in all species. The plasma half-life of ketorolac (K) ranged from 1.1 hr (rabbits) to 6.0 hr (humans). The protein binding of K ranged from 72.0% (mouse) to 99.2% (humans). Linear pharmacokinetics of K was observed in the mouse after single oral doses of KT ranging from 0.25 to 16 mg/kg. Radioactivity was excreted predominantly into urine, ranging from 78.9% (mouse) to 102% (monkey) following iv doses. The dose was excreted into urine primarily as K conjugates, K, and p-hydroxy-K in humans. The monkey was similar to humans with respect to kinetics, but did not form the p-hydroxy metabolite. The rabbit was unusual in that it exhibited substantial presystemic metabolism (50%). The rat excreted a much higher percentage of radioactivity into the feces and formed an additional unidentified metabolite. The most comparable species with respect to humans metabolically was the mouse. The metabolism and excretion of K was similar following iv, po, and im doses within each species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Mroszczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Syntex Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304
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30
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Jaw TS, Wu CC, Ho YH, Huang BL, Lu CC. Diagnosis of obstructive jaundice in infants: Tc-99m DISIDA in duodenal juice. J Nucl Med 1984; 25:360-3. [PMID: 6538226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Technetium-99m di-isopropylphenylcarbamoylmethylimidodiacetic acid cholescintigraphy, together with measurements of radioactivity in duodenal juice, was used to evaluate 23 infants with prolonged obstructive jaundice. Four patients proved to have biliary atresia. The remainder had neonatal hepatitis. There was distinct differentiation of biliary atresia from neonatal hepatitis when the time-activity curves were analyzed. In neonatal hepatitis the radioactivity in duodenal juice is obviously higher, peaking above 1500 cpm/100 microliter per mCi dose. In biliary atresia the pattern is flattened, with maximal activity below 500 cpm/100 microliter per mCi dose.
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Abstract
A vein holder is described that is used for anastomosis of both ends of aortocoronary bypass grafts. It minimizes handling of the graft, ensures precision in placing sutures with excellent visualization, and provides maximum patency at the anastomotic sites.
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32
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Berger RL, Dargan EL, Huang BL. Dissemination of cancer cells by needle biopsy of the lung. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1972; 63:430-2. [PMID: 5011281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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