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Stanley BOC, Feingold E, Cooper M, Vanyukov MM, Maher BS, Slayton RL, Willing MC, Reis SE, McNeil DW, Crout RJ, Weyant RJ, Levy SM, Vieira AR, Marazita ML, Shaffer JR. Genetic Association of MPPED2 and ACTN2 with Dental Caries. J Dent Res 2014; 93:626-32. [PMID: 24810274 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514534688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The first genome-wide association study of dental caries focused on primary teeth in children aged 3 to 12 yr and nominated several novel genes: ACTN2, EDARADD, EPHA7, LPO, MPPED2, MTR, and ZMPSTE24. Here we interrogated 156 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these candidate genes for evidence of association with dental caries experience in 13 race- and age-stratified samples from 6 independent studies (n = 3600). Analysis was performed separately for each sample, and results were combined across samples via meta-analysis. MPPED2 was significantly associated with caries via meta-analysis across the 5 childhood samples, with 4 SNPs showing significant associations after gene-wise adjustment for multiple comparisons (p < .0026). These results corroborate the previous genome-wide association study, although the functional role of MPPED2 in caries etiology remains unknown. ACTN2 also showed significant association via meta-analysis across childhood samples (p = .0014). Moreover, in adults, genetic association was observed for ACTN2 SNPs in individual samples (p < .0025), but no single SNP was significant via meta-analysis across all 8 adult samples. Given its compelling biological role in organizing ameloblasts during amelogenesis, this study strengthens the hypothesis that ACTN2 influences caries risk. Results for the other candidate genes neither proved nor precluded their associations with dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O C Stanley
- Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - E Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Cooper
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M M Vanyukov
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - R L Slayton
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M C Willing
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington, University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S E Reis
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D W McNeil
- Dental Practice and Rural Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - R J Crout
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - R J Weyant
- Department of Dental Public Health and Information Management, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S M Levy
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - A R Vieira
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M L Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J R Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Weinberg SM, Maher BS, Marazita ML. Parental craniofacial morphology in cleft lip with or without cleft palate as determined by cephalometry: a meta-analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res 2006; 9:18-30. [PMID: 16420271 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-6343.2006.00339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To integrate findings from previous cephalometric studies comparing the craniofacial complex of unaffected parents with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) children to controls with no history of the disease. DESIGN Meta-analysis of case-control cephalometric data. INCLUSION CRITERIA Studies were selected if the unaffected parents of children with CL/P were included and were not combined with parents of children with isolated CP; quantitative data were obtained through cephalometry; the cephalometric variables used were not unique to a study; a case-control design was used; and the means and standard deviations for all variables were reported or could be calculated for both the experimental and the control group. OUTCOME MEASURE Using raw data obtained from nine studies, mean weighted effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for 28 cephalometric variables (mothers and fathers combined) or 18 variables (mothers and fathers separately). Heterogeneity statistics for the effect sizes were also calculated. RESULTS In general, unaffected parents of children with CL/P possessed significantly wider interorbital, nasal cavity and upper facial dimensions, narrower cranial vaults, longer cranial bases, longer and more protrusive mandibles, shorter upper faces and longer lower faces compared with controls. Increased width of the nasal cavity was the most robust finding. Significant effect size heterogeneity was observed in roughly half of the variables examined. CONCLUSION Unaffected parents of children with CL/P are characterized by a suite of consistent, yet subtle, craniofacial differences, which could indicate an underlying genetic liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Division of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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al-Bustan SA, el-Zawahri MM, al-Adsani AM, Bang RL, Ghunaim I, Maher BS, Weinberg S, Marazita ML. Epidemiological and genetic study of 121 cases of oral clefts in Kuwait. Orthod Craniofac Res 2002; 5:154-60. [PMID: 12194664 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0544.2002.02203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to ascertain some epidemiological factors such as sex and consanguinity that may be associated with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- CP) in Kuwait as well as to conduct genetic segregation analysis of these families. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION A total of 113 families ascertained through 121 CL +/- CP and CP surgical probands in Kuwait. The frequencies of cleft types and the epidemiological variables were calculated using SPSS version 5.0 software. Chi-square for goodness-of-fit test was used to test the significance of the associated epidemiological variables to facial clefts. Genetic segregation analysis was performed on 76 families with extended pedigrees and included only those with non-syndromic CL +/- CP (NS CL +/- CP). Major locus segregation analysis was used to fit models to the observed family patterns under Class A regressive models as implemented by REGD routine in S.A.G.E. release 4.0. A test for heterogeneity was also conducted to complete data set in addition to two subsets: Arabs and nomads. RESULTS Of the 121 patients, 34(28.1%) had CP, 30(24.8%) had CL and 57 (47.1%) had CL + CP. The male to female ratio was 0.89 for CP, 1.14 for CL, 1.35 for CL + CP and 1.2 for all the clefts. The percentage of consanguineous families among those with a positive family history (60%) was not significantly different from that of the general population (54.3%), whereas for all the families with clefts the percent consanguineous was significantly lower (38%). No evidence of heterogeneity in the results between the Arab and nomad subsets was observed. The results for the major locus segregation analysis were inconclusive. CONCLUSION No definite association was observed between consanguinity and the occurrence of facial clefts in Kuwait. General transmission models in the full data set showed no evidence of heterogeneity in the results between the Arab and nomad subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A al-Bustan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, PO Box: 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
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Weese-Mayer DE, Silvestri JM, Huffman AD, Smok-Pearsall SM, Kowal MH, Maher BS, Cooper ME, Marazita ML. Case/control family study of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Am J Med Genet 2001; 100:237-45. [PMID: 11343310 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Children with idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) have a complex phenotype consistent with an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Since CCHS may be genetic in origin, we hypothesized that relatives of individuals with CCHS may exhibit symptoms of ANS dysfunction (ANSD), albeit in a milder form. We tested this hypothesis by assessing aspects of ANS function in relatives of CCHS cases vs. relatives of matched controls with a scripted questionnaire. Only those 35 symptoms of ANSD exhibited by > or =5% of the CCHS cases were included in the analysis as the basis for determining ANSD affection status. Two different arbitrary ANSD affection status definitions are presented in detail: any case, control, or relative with positive findings (1) in two or more symptoms, or (2) in two or more systems. The subjects included in the analysis totaled 2,353, including 56 CCHS cases, 56 age-, gender-, and race-matched controls, and their families. Under each of the two arbitrary ANSD affection statuses, CCHS cases and parents of cases were more likely to be affected than controls and parents of controls (P < 0.001 for both comparisons), 16% of the CCHS siblings had the ANSD phenotype with two or more symptoms, compared to 4% of control siblings (P = 0.03). Aunts and uncles of the CCHS cases were also significantly more likely to have two or more ANSD symptoms than were aunts and uncles of the controls (P= 0.009). These results support our hypothesis and also indicate that relatives of the CCHS cases tended to manifest a milder spectrum of ANSD, with fewer systems and/or fewer symptoms than the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Weese-Mayer
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush Children's Hospital at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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Marazita ML, Maher BS, Cooper ME, Silvestri JM, Huffman AD, Smok-Pearsall SM, Kowal MH, Weese-Mayer DE. Genetic segregation analysis of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in families of probands with idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Am J Med Genet 2001; 100:229-36. [PMID: 11343309 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a very rare syndrome with major respiratory complications. Hypothesizing that CCHS is the most severe manifestation of general autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD), we applied a case-control family study design to investigate the genetics of ANSD. Fifty-two probands with CCHS were identified, as well as 52 age-, race-, and gender-matched controls. ANSD phenotypic features were characterized in the cases, controls, and their family members. Our earlier studies found that most ANSD symptoms were more likely in CCHS cases and their relatives than in controls and their relatives (P < 0.05). The goal of the current study was to determine if the familiality of ANSD was consistent with a genetic pattern. We performed major locus segregation analysis of ANSD utilizing regressive models. CCHS probands were assumed to be affected; controls and relatives were designated as affected if they had two or more relevant symptoms. The hypothesis of "no transmission and no familial effects" was rejected in both case and control families. Case families were consistent with transmission of a major effect; control families were not (the difference in the pattern of results was significant, P < 0.0001). In the total data set, the best-fitting model was codominant Mendelian inheritance of a major gene for ANSD. These case-control family studies support our hypothesis that CCHS is the most severe manifestation of a general ANSD, with a family pattern consistent with Mendelian transmission, and demonstrate the potential utility of the approach to studies of other, similarly intractable disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Marazita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Division of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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Maher BS, Marazita ML, Moss HB, Vanyukov MM. Segregation analysis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Med Genet 1999; 88:71-8. [PMID: 10050971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
We performed segregation analysis on 495 nuclear families, ascertained for the father's substance abuse diagnosis, in an attempt to determine the role of genetic and other influences in determining the variability of DSM-III-R-defined attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For our analyses, ADHD was treated as a quantitative variable, utilizing the semicontinuous scale provided by the 15-item symptom count within DSM-III-R. Analyses consisted of both class A and class D regressive models for which covariate effects (socioeconomic status) and sex dependence were estimated. Segregation analysis of the quantitative trait (ADHD symptom count) in the entire data set supported a transmissible non-Mendelian major effect. Models which were sex-dependent and included covariate effects provided the best fit to the data. In addition, similar analyses were performed on a 130-nuclear family subgroup of the data set in which at least one of the members of the nuclear family met DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for ADHD. The sex-dependent Mendelian codominant model was best supported by the data, while other models could be rejected. Incorporating covariate effects did not provide a better fit for the data. Thus, this study is consistent with Mendelian transmission of ADHD symptom count in a clinically relevant population. Overall, our results support the presence of a heritable continuous trait of which ADHD represents an extreme.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Maher
- Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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