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Buerger P, Weynberg KD, Wood-Charlson EM, Sato Y, Willis BL, van Oppen MJH. Novel T4 bacteriophages associated with black band disease in corals. Environ Microbiol 2018; 21:1969-1979. [PMID: 30277308 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Research into causative agents underlying coral disease have focused primarily on bacteria, whereas potential roles of viruses have been largely unaddressed. Bacteriophages may contribute to diseases through the lysogenic introduction of virulence genes into bacteria, or prevent diseases through lysis of bacterial pathogens. To identify candidate phages that may influence the pathogenicity of black band disease (BBD), communities of bacteria (16S rRNA) and T4-bacteriophages (gp23) were simultaneously profiled with amplicon sequencing among BBD-lesions and healthy-coral-tissue of Montipora hispida, as well as seawater (study site: the central Great Barrier Reef). Bacterial community compositions were distinct among BBD-lesions, healthy coral tissue and seawater samples, as observed in previous studies. Surprisingly, however, viral beta diversities based on both operational taxonomic unit (OTU)-compositions and overall viral community compositions of assigned taxa did not differ statistically between the BBD-lesions and healthy coral tissue. Nonetheless, relative abundances of three bacteriophage OTUs, affiliated to Cyanophage PRSM6 and Prochlorococcus phages P-SSM2, were significantly higher in BBD-lesions than in healthy tissue. These OTUs associated with BBD samples suggest the presence of bacteriophages that infect members of the cyanobacteria-dominated BBD community, and thus have potential roles in BBD pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Buerger
- AIMS@JCU, Townsville, QLD, 4814, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, QLD, Australia.,James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - K D Weynberg
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, QLD, Australia
| | - E M Wood-Charlson
- Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822
| | - Y Sato
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, QLD, Australia
| | - B L Willis
- James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,ARC CoE for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - M J H van Oppen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, QLD, Australia.,School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, VIC, Australia
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2
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Rethorst CD, Leonard D, Barlow CE, Willis BL, Trivedi MH, DeFina LF. Effects of depression, metabolic syndrome, and cardiorespiratory fitness on mortality: results from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2414-2420. [PMID: 28414015 PMCID: PMC6036919 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717000897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are frequently comorbid disorders that are independently associated with premature mortality. Conversely, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with reduced mortality risk. These factors may interact to impact mortality; however, their effects have not been assessed concurrently. This analysis assessed the mortality risk of comorbid depression/MetS and the effect of CRF on mortality in those with depression/MetS. METHODS Prospective study of 47 702 adults in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Mortality status was attained from the National Death Index. History of depression was determined by patient response (yes or no) to a standardized medical history questionnaire. MetS was categorized using the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria. CRF was estimated from the final speed/grade of a treadmill graded exercise test. RESULTS 13.9% reported a history of depression, 21.4% met criteria for MetS, and 3.0% met criteria for both MetS and history of depression. History of depression (HR = 1.24, p = 0.003) and MetS (HR = 1.28, p < 0.001) were independently associated with an increased mortality risk, with the greatest mortality risk among individuals with both a history of depression and MetS (HR = 1.59, p < 0.001). Higher CRF was associated with a significantly lower risk of mortality (p < 0.001) in all individuals, including those with MetS and/or a history of depression. CONCLUSIONS Those with higher levels CRF had reduced mortality risk in the context of depression/MetS. Interventions that improve CRF could have substantial impact on the health of persons with depression/MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Rethorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - M. H. Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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3
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Mohamed AR, Cumbo V, Harii S, Shinzato C, Chan CX, Ragan MA, Bourne DG, Willis BL, Ball EE, Satoh N, Miller DJ. The transcriptomic response of the coral
Acropora digitifera
to a competent
Symbiodinium
strain: the symbiosome as an arrested early phagosome. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3127-41. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Mohamed
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
- Comparative Genomics Centre and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology James Cook University Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
- Zoology Department Faculty of Science Benha University Benha 13518 Egypt
- AIMS@JCU Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Australian Institute of Marine Science James Cook University Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
| | - V. Cumbo
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - S. Harii
- Sesoko Station Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the Ryukyus 3422 Sesoko Motobu Okinawa 905‐0227 Japan
| | - C. Shinzato
- Marine Genomics Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Promotion Corporation Onna Okinawa 904‐0412 Japan
| | - C. X. Chan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - M. A. Ragan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - D. G. Bourne
- Australian Institute for Marine Science PMB 3 Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
| | - B. L. Willis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Impacts James Cook University Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
| | - E. E. Ball
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics Research School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - N. Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Promotion Corporation Onna Okinawa 904‐0412 Japan
| | - D. J. Miller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
- Comparative Genomics Centre and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology James Cook University Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
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4
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Howells EJ, Willis BL, Bay LK, van Oppen MJH. Microsatellite allele sizes alone are insufficient to delineate species boundaries inSymbiodinium. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:2719-23. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Howells
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology; New York University Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Island Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - B. L. Willis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
| | - L. K. Bay
- Australian Institute of Marine Science; PMB 3 MC Townsville Qld 4810 Australia
| | - M. J. H. van Oppen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science; PMB 3 MC Townsville Qld 4810 Australia
- School of Biosciences; The University of Melbourne; Parkville Vic. 3052 Australia
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5
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Torda G, Lundgren P, Willis BL, van Oppen MJH. Genetic assignment of recruits reveals short- and long-distance larval dispersal inPocillopora damicornison the Great Barrier Reef. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5821-34. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Torda
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science; PMB 3 MC Townsville QLD 4810 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville QLD 4814 Australia
- AIMS@JCU; Townsville QLD 4814 Australia
| | - P. Lundgren
- Australian Institute of Marine Science; PMB 3 MC Townsville QLD 4810 Australia
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority; PO Box 1379 Townsville QLD 4810 Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Monash University; Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - B. L. Willis
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville QLD 4814 Australia
| | - M. J. H. van Oppen
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science; PMB 3 MC Townsville QLD 4810 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville QLD 4814 Australia
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6
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Torda G, Lundgren P, Willis BL, van Oppen MJH. Revisiting the connectivity puzzle of the common coralPocillopora damicornis. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5805-20. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Torda
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science; PMB 3 MC Townsville Qld 4810 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4814 Australia
- AIMS@JCU; Townsville Qld 4814 Australia
| | - P. Lundgren
- Australian Institute of Marine Science; PMB 3 MC Townsville Qld 4810 Australia
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority; PO Box 1379 Townsville Qld 4810 Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Monash University; Clayton Vic 3800 Australia
| | - B. L. Willis
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4814 Australia
| | - M. J. H. van Oppen
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4811 Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science; PMB 3 MC Townsville Qld 4810 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University; Townsville Qld 4814 Australia
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7
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Abstract
Coral reefs are threatened by increasing levels of coral disease and the functional loss of obligate algal symbionts (bleaching). Levels of immunity relate directly to susceptibility to these threats; however, our understanding of fundamental aspects of coral immunology is lacking. We show that three melanin-synthesis pathway components (mono-phenoloxidase, ortho-diphenoloxidase (tyrosinase-type pathway) and para-diphenoloxidase (laccase-type pathway)) are present in both their active (phenoloxidase, PO) and inactive (prophenoloxidase, PPO) forms across a diverse range of 22 species of healthy Indo-Pacific anthozoans. We also demonstrate transglutaminase activity of the coagulation cascade for, to our knowledge, the first time in a coral. Melanin-synthesis enzyme activities varied among taxa, although they were generally lowest in the coral family Acroporidae and highest in the Poritidae and Oculinidae. Inactive tyrosinase-type activity (PPO) and active laccase-type activity (PO) correlate with taxonomic patterns in disease resistance, whereas the converse pattern in activity levels correlates with bleaching resistance. Overall, we demonstrate the presence of several melanin-synthesis pathways in Indo-Pacific corals, co-regulation among some pathway components, and highlight their potential roles in coral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Palmer
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
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8
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Palmer CV, Bythell JC, Willis BL. A comparative study of phenoloxidase activity in diseased and bleached colonies of the coral Acropora millepora. Dev Comp Immunol 2011; 35:1098-1101. [PMID: 21527282 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In scleractinian (hard) corals, immune responses involving phenoloxidase (PO) activity are known to play a role in coral wound healing, but there have been no studies investigating their roles in mitigating either disease or bleaching in an Indo-Pacific coral. PO activity induces the release of reactive oxygen species leading to a cytotoxic cellular environment, which enhances resistance against pathogens, but is also likely to compound oxidative stress induced during bleaching. Antioxidants such as melanin, whose synthesis is activated by PO activity, and peroxidase are potentially important for mitigating the effects of oxidative stress. Therefore, PO activity was investigated in healthy and diseased colonies of Acropora millepora. PO activity levels were compared among tissues bordering white syndrome lesions (WS) and at two locations (mid and outer) at increasing distances from lesions. Equivalent locations were sampled for PO activity on visibly healthy colonies. Additionally, PO and peroxidase activity were compared between severely bleached and healthy colonies of A. millepora. Overall, PO activity of diseased colonies was significantly lower than that of healthy colonies, but with relatively higher activity at the WS lesion border. Severely bleached colonies had significantly lower PO activity than healthy colonies, and peroxidase was also lower, but not significantly. Lower PO activity in unhealthy colonies supports earlier suggestions that lower immune activity leads to increased susceptibility to disease and bleaching. Additionally, low enzyme activity levels may indicate a depletion of colony resources. Increased PO activity at lesion borders in diseased colonies confirms the relative up-regulation of a key coral immune defense in response to WS in A. millepora.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Palmer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
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9
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Puill-Stephan E, van Oppen MJH, Pichavant-Rafini K, Willis BL. High potential for formation and persistence of chimeras following aggregated larval settlement in the broadcast spawning coral, Acropora millepora. Proc Biol Sci 2011; 279:699-708. [PMID: 21752820 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In sessile modular marine invertebrates, chimeras can originate from fusions of closely settling larvae or of colonies that come into contact through growth or movement. While it has been shown that juveniles of brooding corals fuse under experimental conditions, chimera formation in broadcast spawning corals, the most abundant group of reef corals, has not been examined. This study explores the capacity of the broadcast spawning coral Acropora millepora to form chimeras under experimental conditions and to persist as chimeras in the field. Under experimental conditions, 1.5-fold more larvae settled in aggregations than solitarily, and analyses of nine microsatellite loci revealed that 50 per cent of juveniles tested harboured different genotypes within the same colony. Significantly, some chimeric colonies persisted for 23 months post-settlement, when the study ended. Genotypes within persisting chimeric colonies all showed a high level of relatedness, whereas rejecting colonies displayed variable levels of relatedness. The nearly threefold greater sizes of chimeras compared with solitary juveniles, from settlement through to at least three months, suggest that chimerism is likely to be an important strategy for maximizing survival of vulnerable early life-history stages of corals, although longer-term studies are required to more fully explore the potential benefits of chimerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Puill-Stephan
- AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Douglas Campus, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
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10
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Abstract
Synchronous multispecific spawning by a total of 32 coral species occurred a few nights after late spring full moons in 1981 and 1982 at three locations on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The data invalidate the generalization that most corals have internally fertilized, brooded planula larvae. In every species observed, gametes were released; external fertilization and development then followed. The developmental rates of externally fertilized eggs and longevities of planulae indicate that planulae may be dispersed between reefs.
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11
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Anthony SL, Page CA, Bourne DG, Willis BL. Newly characterized distinct phases of the coral disease 'atramentous necrosis' on the Great Barrier Reef. Dis Aquat Organ 2008; 81:255-259. [PMID: 18998590 DOI: 10.3354/dao01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Previously undetected earlier phases of the coral disease 'atramentous necrosis' are documented and described. New observations relating to the occurrence of initial stages and progression of the disease are reported, and potential cause(s) are examined. In direct contrast to earlier published findings, temperature data indicated that occurrence of early bleached stages of atramentous necrosis is not correlated with warmer water temperatures; however, the relationship between temperature and disease prevalence is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Anthony
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
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12
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Mackenzie JB, Munday PL, Willis BL, Miller DJ, van Oppen MJH. Unexpected patterns of genetic structuring among locations but not colour morphs in Acropora nasuta (Cnidaria; Scleractinia). Mol Ecol 2004; 13:9-20. [PMID: 14653784 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.02019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Symbiotic relationships have contributed greatly to the evolution and maintenance of biological diversity. On the Great Barrier Reef, species of obligate coral-dwelling fishes (genus Gobiodon) coexist by selectively recruiting to colonies of Acropora nasuta that differ in branch-tip colour. In this study, we investigate genetic variability among sympatric populations of two colour morphs of A. nasuta ('blue-tip' and 'brown-tip') living in symbiosis with two fish species, Gobiodon histrio and G. quinquestrigatus, respectively, to determine whether gobies are selecting between intraspecific colour polymorphisms or cryptic coral species. We also examine genetic differentiation among coral populations containing both these colour morphs that are separated by metres between local sites, tens of kilometres across the continental shelf and hundreds of kilometres along the Great Barrier Reef. We use three nuclear DNA loci, two of which we present here for the first time for Acropora. No significant genetic differentiation was detected between sympatric colour morphs at these three loci. Hence, symbiotic gobies are selecting among colour morphs of A. nasuta, rather than cryptic species. Significant genetic geographical structuring was observed among populations, independent of colour, at regional (i.e. latitudinal separation by < 500 km) and cross-shelf (< 50 km) scales, alongside relative homogeneity between local populations on within reef scales (< 5 km). This contrasts with the reported absence of large-scale genetic structuring in A. valida, which is a member of the same species group as A. nasuta. Apparent differences in biogeographical structuring between species within the A. nasuta group emphasize the need for comparative sampling across both spatial (i.e. within reefs, between reefs and between regions) and taxonomic scales (i.e. within and between closely related species).
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Mackenzie
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture, and Biochemistry and, Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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13
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Márquez LM, Van Oppen MJH, Willis BL, Reyes A, Miller DJ. The highly cross-fertile coral species, Acropora hyacinthus and Acropora cytherea, constitute statistically distinguishable lineages. Mol Ecol 2002; 11:1339-49. [PMID: 12144656 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge for understanding the evolutionary genetics of mass-spawning corals is to explain the maintenance of discrete morphospecies in view of high rates of interspecific fertilization in vitro and nonmonophyletic patterns in molecular phylogenies. In this study, we focused on Acropora cytherea and A. hyacinthus, which have one of the highest potentials for interspecific fertilization. Using sequences of a nuclear intron, we performed phylogenetic and nested clade analyses (NCA). Both species were polyphyletic in molecular phylogenies, but the NCA indicated that they constitute statistically distinguishable lineages. Phylogenetic analysis using an intergenic region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), was inconclusive because of low levels of variability in this marker. The position of these two species differed between the nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mtDNA phylogenies and was also at odds with a cladistic analysis based on morphology. We conclude that despite the potential for high levels of hybridization and introgression, A. cytherea and A. hyacinthus constitute statistically distinguishable lineages and their taxonomic status is consistent with the cohesion species concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Márquez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Marine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
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14
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Márquez LM, van Oppen MJH, Willis BL, Miller DJ. Sympatric populations of the highly cross-fertile coral species Acropora hyacinthus and Acropora cytherea are genetically distinct. Proc Biol Sci 2002; 269:1289-94. [PMID: 12065046 PMCID: PMC1691017 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High cross-fertilization rates in vitro and non-monophyletic patterns in molecular phylogenies challenge the taxonomic status of species in the coral genus Acropora. We present data from eight polymorphic allozyme loci that indicate small, but significant, differentiation between sympatric populations of Acropora cytherea and Acropora hyacinthus (F(ST) = 0.025-0.068, p < 0.05), a pair of acroporid corals with very high interspecific fertilization rates in vitro. Although no fixed allelic differences were found between these species, the absence of genetic differentiation between widely allopatric populations suggests that allele frequency differences between A. cytherea and A. hyacinthus in sympatry are biologically significant. By contrast, populations of Acropora tenuis, a species which spawns 2-3 hours earlier and shows low cross-fertilization rates with congeners in vitro, were clearly distinct from A. cytherea and A. hyacinthus (F(ST) = 0.427-0.465, p < 0.05). Moreover, allopatric populations of A. tenuis differed significantly, possibly as a consequence of its relatively short period of larval competency. Our results effectively rule out the possibility that A. hyacinthus and A. cytherea are morphotypes within a single species, and indicate that hybridization occurs relatively infrequently between these taxa in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Márquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
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15
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Hughes TP, Baird AH, Dinsdale EA, Harriott VJ, Moltschaniwskyj NA, Pratchett MS, Tanner JE, Willis BL. DETECTING REGIONAL VARIATION USING META-ANALYSIS AND LARGE-SCALE SAMPLING: LATITUDINAL PATTERNS IN RECRUITMENT. Ecology 2002. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0436:drvuma]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Oppen MJ, Willis BL, Vugt HW, Miller DJ. Examination of species boundaries in the Acropora cervicornis group (Scleractinia, cnidaria) using nuclear DNA sequence analyses. Mol Ecol 2000; 9:1363-73. [PMID: 10972775 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although Acropora is the most species-rich genus of the scleractinian (stony) corals, only three species occur in the Caribbean: A. cervicornis, A. palmata and A. prolifera. Based on overall coral morphology, abundance and distribution patterns, it has been suggested that A. prolifera may be a hybrid between A. cervicornis and A. palmata. The species boundaries among these three morphospecies were examined using DNA sequence analyses of the nuclear Pax-C 46/47 intron and the ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S regions. Moderate levels of sequence variability were observed in the ITS and 5.8S sequences (up to 5.2% overall sequence difference), but variability within species was as large as between species and all three species carried similar sequences. Since this is unlikely to represent a shared ancestral polymorphism, the data suggest that introgressive hybridization occurs among the three species. For the Pax-C intron, A. cervicornis and A. palmata had very distinct allele frequencies and A. cervicornis carried a unique allele at a frequency of 0.769 (although sequence differences between alleles were small). All A. prolifera colonies examined were heterozygous for the Pax-C intron, whereas heterozygosity was only 0.286 and 0.333 for A. cervicornis and A. palmata, respectively. These data support the hypothesis that A. prolifera is the product of hybridization between two species that have a different allelic composition for the Pax-C intron, i.e. A. cervicornis and A. palmata. We therefore suggest that A. prolifera is a hybrid between A. cervicornis and A. palmata, which backcrosses with the parental species at low frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Oppen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology andMarine Biology, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
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Hughes TP, Baird AH, Dinsdale EA, Moltschaniwskyj NA, Pratchett MS, Tanner JE, Willis BL. SUPPLY-SIDE ECOLOGY WORKS BOTH WAYS: THE LINK BETWEEN BENTHIC ADULTS, FECUNDITY, AND LARVAL RECRUITS. Ecology 2000. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[2241:ssewbw]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hughes TP, Baird AH, Dinsdale EA, Moltschaniwskyj NA, Pratchett MS, Tanner JE, Willis BL. SUPPLY-SIDE ECOLOGY WORKS BOTH WAYS: THE LINK BETWEEN BENTHIC ADULTS, FECUNDITY, AND LARVAL RECRUITS. Ecology 2000. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658%282000%29081%5b2241:ssewbw%5d2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Unexpectedly low levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b sequence divergence are found between species of the scleractinian coral genus Acropora. Comparison of 964 positions of the cytochrome b gene of two out of the three Caribbean Acropora species with seven of their Pacific congeners shows only 0.3-0.8% sequence difference. Species in these biogeographic regions have been evolving independently for at least three million years (since the rise of the Isthmus of Panama) and this geological date is used to estimate nucleotide divergence rates. The results indicate that the Acropora cytochrome b gene is evolving at least 10-20 times slower than the 'standard' vertebrate mtDNA clock and is one of the most slowly evolving animal mitochondrial genes described to date. The possibility is discussed that, unlike higher animals, cnidarians may have a functional mtDNA mismatch repair system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J van Oppen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Willis BL, Thompson LF, Howard JC. Esophageal perforation: a nursing diagnosis approach. Crit Care Nurse 1988; 8:20-32. [PMID: 3269319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Willis BL, Thompson LF, Howard JC. Esophageal perforation: a nursing diagnosis approach. Crit Care Nurse 1988. [DOI: 10.4037/ccn1988.8.5.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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