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Swain BK, Parida BC, Kar S, Senapati N. Viscous dissipation and joule heating effect on MHD flow and heat transfer past a stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05338. [PMID: 33163653 PMCID: PMC7610256 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An analysis is made to illustrate the MagnetoHydroDynamics (MHD) flow and gradient heat transport of a Newtonian fluid over a stretching sheet embedded in a porous matrix. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are reconstituted as ordinary differential equations utilizing suitable similarity transformation and then treated numerically using 4th order Runge-Kutta method along with shooting technique and analytically by Homotopy Perturbation Method. The verification of present study with earlier works serves as the benchmark of reliability of the present study. The important outcomes of this study are: porous parameter (Kp) acts as aiding force i.e when Kp is increased from 0.1 to 10 gradually there is a significant growth in velocity and after that rate of increment gets slowdown, greater Eckert number and joule heating parameter cause a rise in temperature as well as enhance the thermal boundary thickness. Consequently rate of heat transfer diminishes as thickness leads to low heat transfer coefficient. The applications of this study are shown in: multiple heating devices and industrial processes such as incandescent light bulb's filament emitting light, food processing and polymer processing etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Swain
- Department of Mathematics, IGIT, Sarang, Dhenkanal, Odisha 759146, India
| | - B C Parida
- Department of Mathematics, Utkal University, BBSR, Odish 751004, India
| | - S Kar
- Department of Mathematics, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha 753003, India
| | - N Senapati
- Department of Mathematics, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha 753003, India
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Nayak P, Sodha SV, Laserson KF, Padhi AK, Swain BK, Hossain SS, Shrivastava A, Khasnobis P, Venkatesh SR, Patnaik B, Dash KC. A cutaneous Anthrax outbreak in Koraput District of Odisha-India 2015. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:470. [PMID: 32326927 PMCID: PMC6696704 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous anthrax in humans is associated with exposure to infected animals or animal products and has a case fatality rate of up to 20% if untreated. During May to June 2015, an outbreak of cutaneous anthrax was reported in Koraput district of Odisha, India, an area endemic for anthrax. We investigated the outbreak to identify risk factors and recommend control measures. Method We defined a cutaneous anthrax case as skin lesions (e.g., papule, vesicle or eschar) in a person residing in Koraput district with illness onset between February 1 and July 15, 2015. We established active surveillance through a house to house survey to ascertain additional cases and conducted a 1:2 unmatched case control study to identify modifiable risk factors. In case control study, we included cases with illness onset between May 1 and July 15, 2015. We defined controls as neighbours of case without skin lesions since last 3 months. Ulcer exudates and rolled over swabs from wounds were processed in Gram stain in the Koraput district headquarter hospital laboratory. Result We identified 81 cases (89% male; median age 38 years [range 5–75 years]) including 3 deaths (case fatality rate = 4%). Among 37 cases and 74 controls, illness was significantly associated with eating meat of ill cattle (OR: 14.5, 95% CI: 1.4–85.7) and with close handling of carcasses of ill animals such as burying, skinning, or chopping (OR: 342, 95% CI: 40.5–1901.8). Among 20 wound specimens collected, seven showed spore-forming, gram positive bacilli, with bamboo stick appearance suggestive of Bacillus anthracis. Conclusion Our investigation revealed significant associations between eating and handling of ill animals and presence of anthrax-like organisms in lesions. We immediately initiated livestock vaccination in the area, educated the community on safe handling practices and recommended continued regular anthrax animal vaccinations to prevent future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyakanta Nayak
- National Centre for Disease Control, 22 Shamnath Marg, Civil Lines, New Delhi, India.
| | - Samir V Sodha
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Delhi, India.,Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kayla F Laserson
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Delhi, India.,Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Arun K Padhi
- Directorate of Health Services, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Shaikh S Hossain
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Delhi, India
| | - Aakash Shrivastava
- National Centre for Disease Control, 22 Shamnath Marg, Civil Lines, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Khasnobis
- National Centre for Disease Control, 22 Shamnath Marg, Civil Lines, New Delhi, India
| | - Srinivas R Venkatesh
- National Centre for Disease Control, 22 Shamnath Marg, Civil Lines, New Delhi, India
| | - Bikash Patnaik
- Directorate of Health Services, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kailash C Dash
- Directorate of Health Services, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Parija D, Patra TK, Kumar AMV, Swain BK, Satyanarayana S, Sreenivas A, Chadha VK, Moonan PK, Oeltmann JE. Impact of awareness drives and community-based active tuberculosis case finding in Odisha, India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 18:1105-7. [PMID: 25189560 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
India's Revised National Tuberculosis Control programme employs passive case detection. The new sputum smear-positive case detection rate is less than 70% in Odisha State. During April-June 2012, active case finding (ACF) was conducted through awareness drives and field-based tuberculosis (TB) screening in select communities with the lowest case detection rates. During the campaign, 240 sputum smear-positive TB cases were detected. The number of smear-positive cases detected increased by 11% relative to April-June 2011 in intervention communities compared to an 0.8% increase in non-intervention communities. ACF brought TB services closer to the community and increased TB case detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Parija
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - T K Patra
- Department of Health, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - B K Swain
- Department of Health, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - S Satyanarayana
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | - A Sreenivas
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | - V K Chadha
- National Tuberculosis Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - P K Moonan
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J E Oeltmann
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Babu BV, Mishra S, Mishra S, Swain BK. Personal-protection measures against mosquitoes: a study of practices and costs in a district, in the Indian state of Orissa, where malaria and lymphatic filariasis are co-endemic. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2013; 101:601-9. [PMID: 17877879 DOI: 10.1179/136485907x193897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In a study undertaken among rural and urban communities in a district of Orissa, India, the personal-protection measures used against mosquitoes, and the household costs of these measures, were investigated. Most people living in the study communities perceived mosquitoes as a problem, both as a biting nuisance and as vectors of human disease. Almost all (99%) of the urban households investigated and most (84%) of the rural each reported the use of at least one measure against mosquitoes. Most of the study households (92% of the urban and 64% of the rural) used a 'modern' chemical method (coils, vaporizing mats, liquid vaporizers or sprays), with mosquito coils used more frequently than any other personal-protection measure. Untreated bednets were also used by most of the households investigated (76% of the urban and 58% of the rural) and some households (about 10% of the urban and 8% of the rural) still used the more traditional method of burning dried dung or vegetation indoors, specifically to create smoke to drive away mosquitoes. Setting, house type, as indicated by the material used as roofing, and number of people in the household were each a significant predictor of the use of personal protection, with households in an urban setting, large households, and households occupying a concrete-roofed building relatively more likely to use some form of personal protection. Although 'modern', chemical-based methods were frequently employed, about one in every two interviewees (57% of the urban and 43% of the rural) considered the use of such methods to be harmful to their health. The mean monthly expenditures on personal-protection measures were 101 Indian rupees (U.S.$2.20)/urban household and 72 Indian rupees (U.S.$1.60)/rural household. Setting, family income, family size and number of sleeping rooms in the house each affected such expenditure significantly. As a proportion of household income, expenditure on controlling mosquitoes was surprisingly high.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Babu
- Division of Epidemiology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, SE Rly Project Complex (Post), Bhubaneswar - 751 023, India.
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Verma J, Johri TS, Swain BK, Ameena S. Effect of graded levels of aflatoxin, ochratoxin and their combinations on the performance and immune response of broilers. Br Poult Sci 2010; 45:512-8. [PMID: 15484726 DOI: 10.1080/00071660412331286226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. The effects of dietary aflatoxin (AF, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg), ochratoxin (OA, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg) or combinations of these on body weight gain, feed efficiency, organ weights and immune response were studied in broilers. 2. Significant growth depression, reduced food consumption and poor food conversion efficiency were recorded in broilers fed a diet containing the greater concentrations of AF (1 and 2 mg/kg) and OA (2 and 4 mg/kg). 3. The combination of 2 mg/kg AF and 4 mg/kg OA exerted the maximum adverse effect on growth, feed intake and feed efficiency, indicating a synergistic effect on performance. 4. AF at 2 mg/kg in the diet caused a significant increase in the relative weight of liver, whereas the relative weight of kidney was significantly increased at 4 mg/kg of OA. A significant decrease in the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius was noted at the highest concentration of AF (2 mg/kg) and combinations of 1 and 2 mg/kg AF and 2 and 4 mg/kg OA. 5. Cell mediated immunity (CMI), in terms of mean skin thickness (MST) sensitive to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), was significantly reduced in chicks given the combination of 2 mg/kg AF and 4 mg/kg OA. Haemagglutination (HA) titre against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) peaked at 42 d of age. At 42 and 47 d of age, a significant decrease in HA titres was recorded in chicks given 4 mg/kg OA or a combination of AF (1 or 2 mg/kg) and OA (2 or 4 mg/kg). 6. AF at a dietary concentration of 1 mg/kg or more and OA at 2 mg/kg or more, either alone or in combination, caused severe reductions in growth and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Verma
- Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P., India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed at assessing the population prevalence of goiter and iodine deficiency in school children of 6-12 yr living in urban slums of Bhubaneswer, the capital city of Orissa. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed using the 30-cluster sampling methodology and surveillance methods for iodine deficiency as recommended by WHO/ICCIDD/UNICEF. The total goitre rate (n=1248), urinary iodine concentration (UIC) (n=411) and iodine content of edible salt (n=368) were measured. RESULTS The goitre prevalence was 23.6% (grade 1=18.9%, grade 2=4.7%) with no significant gender variation. Goitre prevalence was significantly higher in children of 10-12 yr (P=0.012) and scheduled caste and tribe (P=0.003). Median urinary iodine concentration was 50.0 microg/l with 85.7% of children having values less than 100 microg/l, indicating as biochemical iodine deficiency. Median UIC was inversely in association with gradations of goitre. Children of 10-12 yr and scheduled caste/tribe communities had significantly higher median UIC (P=0.001) than their counterpart peers. About 51% of children were consuming salt having stipulated iodine content of 15 ppm. CONCLUSION The study indicates moderate iodine deficiency in the population, despite a mandatory salt iodization programme in Orissa that has been in force since 1989. There is a need to improve the situation through enforcing monitoring of salt iodization to ensure quality and increasing the level of awareness about the iodized salt for sustainable prevention and control of iodine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G S Sethy
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar, India
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Kerketta AS, Babu BV, Swain BK. Clinicians' practices related to management of filarial adenolymphangitis and lymphoedema in Orissa, India. Acta Trop 2007; 102:159-64. [PMID: 17553441 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF), which includes alleviation of disability and suffering of patients, is implemented primarily in India by primary health care system. The present study assesses the current practices related to lymphoedema care among clinicians of primary healthcare system in three filarial endemic districts of Orissa, India. The results are based on the data obtained through in-depth interviews with 50 clinicians from primary health centres (PHCs) and private clinics located in 22 PHCs sampled from three districts. All clinicians are aware of common as well as atypical manifestations of LF and offered treatment to them. The most commonly dealt complaints are lymphoedema of chronic LF and acute lymphangitis. All the clinicians reported that they prescribed diethylcarbamazine (DEC) for the treatment of patients with acute episodes, and only 50% of them prescribed antibiotics along with DEC. However, there is no uniform pattern either in the dosage of DEC or in the use of antibiotics. In this study, all the clinicians are aware that repeated acute episodes leads to lymphoedema. Majority of clinicians (94%) prescribed DEC to prevent this progression. For reduction of oedema, they offered a variety of treatments and more than half of the clinicians prescribed DEC. The study districts have been covered by the mass drug administration (MDA) of DEC under the GPELF. In order for the GPELF as a whole to prove successful and sustainable, those persons who are already suffering from LF need to be cared for and their suffering is to be relieved. Current practices of clinicians, both at government and private health institutions should be improved. With the revised knowledge that bacterial infections play a key role in the progression of disease, the attitude of clinicians towards the treatment of LF has to be changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kerketta
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, SE Rly Project Complex (Post), Bhubaneswar 751023, Orissa, India.
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Babu BV, Behera DK, Kerketta AS, Mishra S, Rath K, Swain BK, Mishra S, Kar SK. Use of an inclusive-partnership strategy in urban areas of Orissa, India, to increase compliance in a mass drug administration for the control of lymphatic filariasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2007; 100:621-30. [PMID: 16989688 DOI: 10.1179/136485906x118521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In India, the programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis, which is largely based on mass administrations of diethylcarbamazine, has, in terms of coverage and compliance, been generally much less successful in urban areas than in rural communities. An innovative strategy to make the programme more effective in urban settings, largely based on an inclusive partnership and community participation, has recently been developed. An evaluation of the strategy's implementation in Orissa, which employed both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection, revealed significantly higher coverage and compliance in an urban area where the strategy had been implemented than in a similar urban area where there had been no such intervention. Application of this strategy in other urban settings in general, and in small towns in particular, is recommended in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Babu
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, SE Rly Project Complex, Bhubaneswar - 751 023, India.
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Rath K, Nath N, Shaloumy M, Swain BK, Suchismita M, Babu BV. Knowledge and perceptions about lymphatic filariasis: a study during the programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in an urban community of Orissa, India. Trop Biomed 2006; 23:156-62. [PMID: 17322817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the knowledge and perceptions of the people with regard to cause and transmission of chronic forms of lymphatic filariasis (LF) and its elimination programme during mass drug administration (MDA) under the programme to eliminate LF in an urban area of Orissa, India. The paper is based on both quantitative and qualitative surveys undertaken before and after the first MDA among different socio-economic strata of the urban area. The data revealed that the urban residents are aware of the chronic forms of LF and also felt that LF is a problem in their area. But most of them do not know the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of the disease. A few people explained the association between LF and hydrocele, and the role of mosquitoes. In the present study, it is observed that poor knowledge about LF is highly influenced by socioeconomic conditions. People from lower economic category were least aware of the cause of both lymphoedema and hydrocele. However, knowledge in some issues with regards to the disease and the awareness on MDA have increased significantly after MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rath
- Division of Epidemiology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research,Bhubaneswar-751 023, India
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Swain BK, Mishra S. Immunization coverage among migrant tribal children in slums of Orissa. Indian Pediatr 2006; 43:1011-3. [PMID: 17151413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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Babu BV, Swain BK, Rath K. Impact of chronic lymphatic filariasis on quantity and quality of productive work among weavers in an endemic village from India. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11:712-7. [PMID: 16640624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of hydrocele and lymphoedema on the quantity and quality of productive work of weavers. METHOD Case-control study in an endemic village in Andhra Pradesh, India. We collected qualitative data on work activities from cases and age- and sex-matched controls through informal discussions and observation. RESULTS The mean (+/-standard deviation) daily work time of cases was 7.38 h (+/-2.47), significantly less than that of controls (8.17+/-2.41 h). Lost work time was equivalent to around 29 days of work in a year. Gender had significant influence on the mean number of working hours in this occupational group. Most cases could not weave, which is physically demanding, and preferred less strenuous tasks such as spinning, starching, dyeing or sizing. Hard physical labour constitutes 71.5% of total work time among patients and 83.7% in controls. As income also depends on the type of work, cases earn less. CONCLUSIONS Filariasis has an adverse impact on the productivity of weavers, and morbidity management strategies and control programmes need to take this into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Babu
- Epidemiology Division, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.
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Babu BV, Rath K, Kerketta AS, Swain BK, Mishra S, Kar SK. Adverse reactions following mass drug administration during the Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis in Orissa State, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006; 100:464-9. [PMID: 16288792 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency and severity of adverse reactions are the main reasons for low compliance of mass drug administration (MDA) under the Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (PELF). This paper reports the frequency and types of adverse reactions during two MDAs during January 2002 and September 2004 in the State of Orissa, India. Of the people who consumed the drugs, 15.5% in the 2002 MDA and 16.5% in the 2004 MDA reported one or more adverse reactions. This rate is higher (49.7%) in a group of individuals who were monitored for 6 days from the day of consumption of drugs during the 2002 MDA. However, many of these reactions were mild. No significant difference was found in the frequency of adverse reactions between MDA with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) alone and with DEC and albendazole. Significant gender differences were found in the 2004 MDA but no such differences were found in the 2002 MDA; however, the frequency of adverse reactions increased with age. Of all the adverse reactions, systemic adverse reactions typically associated with microfilarial death were more frequent. The frequency of adverse reactions was higher in microfilaraemics compared with amicrofilaraemic controls. The present study warrants developing an active adverse reaction surveillance system to minimise the impact of adverse reactions on MDA compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Babu
- Clinical and Epidemiology Division, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, SE Rly Project Complex (Post), Bhubaneswar 751023, India.
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Rath K, Swain BK, Mishra S, Patasahani T, Kerketta AS, Babu BV. Peripheral health workers' knowledge and practices related to filarial lymphedema care: a study in an endemic district of Orissa, India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; 72:430-3. [PMID: 15827281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF), which includes alleviation of disability and suffering of patients, is run primarily in India by the primary health care system. The present study assessed the knowledge and practices related to lymphedema care among peripheral health workers of the primary health care system in a filarial-endemic district of Orissa, India. A total of 41 health workers sampled across the district were subjected to in-depth interviews. The results showed that many lymphedema patients visit the peripheral health institutions mostly for the treatment of acute episodes of lymphangitis. Many health workers do not know the concept of foot care and its importance in lymphedema management. However, a few health workers advised the patients to follow some components of foot care. The knowledge levels and practices of peripheral health workers are not at desirable levels. The medical and paramedical staff of the peripheral health institutions should be oriented about the management of lymphedema and peripheral health workers should promote the foot care practices. For the GPELF as a whole to prove successful, the patients who already have lymphedema need to be cared for and have their morbidity relieved as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Rath
- Division of Clinical and Epidemiology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar, India
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Swain BK, Johri TS, Majumdar S. Effect of supplementation of vitamin E, selenium and their different combinations on the performance and immune response of broilers. Br Poult Sci 2000; 41:287-92. [PMID: 11081422 DOI: 10.1080/713654938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. The effect of dietary vitamin E, selenium (Se) and their different combinations on body weight gain, food consumption, food conversion efficiency, leukocyte migration inhibition and antibody production was determined in broilers. 2. Chicks were fed on maize-soya bean based diets with concentrations of supplemental vitamin E varying from 0 to 300 IU/kg and selenium concentrations varying from 0 to 1 mg/kg either alone or in combination from 1 to 42 d of age. 3. The chicks were immunised for Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine at 21 d. Per cent leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) was studied on 42 d. Antibodies to NDV in serum were determined at 10 and 21 d post immunisation (PI). 4. Chicks receiving Se, 1 mg/kg and vitamin E 300 IU/kg had significantly higher cellular immune responses in terms of per cent LMI. 5. Maximum body weight gain and best efficiency of food utilisation were obtained in chicks fed diets containing 0.50 mg/kg Se and 300 IU/kg vitamin E. 6. Significantly higher antibody titres (HI and ELISA) at 10 d PI were attributed to 0.06 mg/kg and 150 IU/kg Se and vitamin E, respectively. 7. These data suggest that optimum growth and immune response may be achieved at supplemental level of Se of 0.06 mg/kg and vitamin E at 150 IU/kg. The vitamin E level is higher than that recommended by NRC (1984, 1994).
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Swain
- Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar India.
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Abstract
1. Coir dust was evaluated as broiler litter in comparison with sawdust and rice husk using 135 commercial broilers. Forty-five broiler chicks were reared to 42 d on a 50 mm layer of each of these litters. 2. Birds reared on coir dust showed no difference in food consumption, body weight gain, food conversion efficiency production number and survivability in comparison to those reared on saw dust and rice husk. 3. It was concluded that coir dust is suitable as broiler litter when cheaply available.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Swain
- ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Ela, India.
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Abstract
1. A study was conducted with broilers to find out the effect of addition of methionine (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 g/kg) and choline (0.0, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) to a basal diet containing crude protein, 221 g/kg, ME, 12.25 MJ/kg, methionine, 3.6 g/kg and choline, 1300 mg/kg. 2. Supplemental levels of methionine and choline were found to be ineffective in improving the growth, food consumption and food conversion efficiency of broilers. 3. However, a higher value for leucocyte migration inhibition was observed in chicks fed on the diet containing 6.5 g/kg methionine and 1300 mg/kg choline, indicating a significantly improved cellular immune response. 4. HI test and ELISA indicated enhanced antibody titres in chicks receiving 3.0 g/kg methionine and 3300 mg/kg choline, showing a significantly better humoral immune response. 5. Methionine and choline should be supplemented at levels higher than the recommended level of BIS for better health and production in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Swain
- Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
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Stricevic MV, Patel MR, Okazaki T, Swain BK. Karate: historical perspective and injuries sustained in national and international tournament competitions. Am J Sports Med 1983; 11:320-4. [PMID: 6356944 DOI: 10.1177/036354658301100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Karate injuries sustained in three national and three international tournaments were reviewed. Two hundred and eighty-four athletes participated in 309 matches. Athletes had an average age of 25.5 years, average years of karate practice of 7.7 years, and average years of competitive experience in tournaments of 3.1 years. Athletes were mostly black belts with gradation from brown belt to fourth degree black belt. There were 82 injuries sustained by 76 athletes within 309 matches, with an incidence of one injury in every 3.7 matches or 0.3 injuries per match. There were more injuries among the lower ranked and less experienced athletes, indicating that injuries became less frequent with increased tournament experience. Punches caused more injuries than kicks. Only 16 of the 76 injured athletes were forced to discontinue competition; one athlete was admitted to the hospital for 1 week due to a cerebral concussion.
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Swain BK, Sharma A, Talukder G. Effect of temperature on the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase isoenzymes. Indian J Exp Biol 1980; 18:1354-5. [PMID: 7216302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Swain BK, Talukder G, Sharma A. Genetic variations in serum proteins in relation to diseases. Med Biol 1980; 58:246-63. [PMID: 7010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In general, serum protein patterns, as identified by their relative mobility during electrophoresis and chromatography, can be used to a considerable extent in identifying different disease states. There is no change in the basic pattern controlled at the gene level, however. The relative size and intensities of the bands can be taken as diagnostic characters, particularly in disease conditions where the substrate or the end products of the gene are affected. The correlation of any particular genotype with a particular disease is rare, as is expected, since any established genotype will presumably not lead to major defects or lethality.
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Swain BK, Talakdar G, Sharma A. An abnormal LDH isoenzyme band in myocardial infarction: a case report. Indian Heart J 1980; 32:326-8. [PMID: 7239552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Zelefsky MN, Swain BK. The nature of the increased lung volume in asthma. Br J Dis Chest 1971; 65:39-43. [PMID: 5110175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Swain BK, Park SS, Williams MH. The effect of 30 per cent and 100 per cent oxygen breathing on hypoxemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1968; 98:22-8. [PMID: 5657149 DOI: 10.1164/arrd.1968.98.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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