Systematic Reviews and Synthesis without Meta-Analysis on Hydrotherapy for Pain Control in Labor

BACKGROUND

Although there is scientific evidence regarding the use of water immersion during labor, this evidence is primarily focused on the first stage of labor. There is limited scientific evidence on water immersion during the second stage of labor.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and synthesis of contemporary evidence related to water birth, with a specific focus on the second stage of labor.

METHODS

A systematic review of the scientific literature published between January 2018 and October 2023 was carried out. A synthesis of the results was conducted following the Synthesis without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were utilized as information sources. The search strategy was designed using the keywords "immersion" and "parturition", along with their relevant synonyms. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies employing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and quantitative and qualitative approaches focusing on pregnant women undergoing water immersion at any stage of the labor process.

RESULTS

Eleven articles were selected: two systematic reviews (one quantitative and one qualitative), five cohort studies, one case-control study, one cross-sectional observational study, and two qualitative studies. A thorough assessment of the methodology was performed using several specific tools: the Cochrane RoB 2 (Risk of Bias 2) tool for systematic reviews, JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research for qualitative studies, STROBE for observational descriptive studies, and CASPe for qualitative studies. The results provided fundamental insights that will contribute to conceptual standardization regarding the effects of water birth on maternal and fetal health. Additionally, a synthesis of the results was performed concerning types of delivery, analgesia use, pain perception, and maternal satisfaction with the water birth experience.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we conclude that the results regarding delivery types, labor durations, and analgesia use found in the literature, along with statistically significant maternal/fetal effects, are crucial for making recommendations regarding the use of water during labor in any of its stages if the woman desires it safely.

Advancements in Nutritional Strategies for Gestational Diabetes Management: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as hyperglycaemia first detected at any time during pregnancy with values lower than those determined by the WHO for diabetes diagnosis in adults. This pathology, with a worldwide prevalence of 13.4%, causes significant maternal and foetal risks. The first line of treatment consists of maintaining normo-glycaemia through an adequate diet and lifestyle changes. The aim is to synthesize the scientific evidence updating the nutritional recommendations for the effective management of GDM. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Randomized clinical trials published within the last five years and providing information on nutritional recommendations to achieve an effective management of gestational diabetes were selected. The databases searched were PubMed, the WOS Core Collection, SCOPUS, and CINAHL, using the MeSH terms: "Diabetes, Gestational"; "Nutrition Assessment (nutrition*)"; "Diet"; "Eating"; and "Food"; with the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR". The PEDro scale (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) was used to assess the scientific quality of the studies, with a mean score of 8.9, indicating an average good scientific quality. Results: A total of 809 papers were collected, of which, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 randomized clinical trials were selected. Probiotic supplementation and co-supplementation with vitamin D have been found to be the most beneficial options for both mothers with GDM and neonates, but the most effective regimens are not known. Diets enriched with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and oat bran, as well as some recommendations focused on carbohydrates also seem effective, as well as diets designed for this group of women with GDM such as "CHOICE". Conclusions: Although there are numerous proposals that have been published in recent years focused on the diet of women with GDM in order to improve their results and those of their children, it is the supplementation with probiotics and the co-supplementation with vitamin D that is most agreed upon as beneficial; however, more research is needed into which protocols are most effective. Other proposals that could also be beneficial should be further studied.

Long COVID and Physical Therapy: A Systematic Review

Prolonged COVID is a persistent condition following the initial COVID-19 infection, which is characterized by a variety of symptoms that may include fatigue, muscle pain, sleep disturbances, "brain fog", respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, neurological and dermatological symptoms. Physical therapy has been identified as a crucial aspect of the management of patients with long COVID, as it can help improve symptoms and overall physical function. The investigation of long COVID poses significant challenges due to the diversity and variability of symptoms, lack of clear diagnostic criteria, and limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of studies conducted in patients with long COVID in conjunction with interventions targeting respiratory function, particularly involving physical activity. To this end, we conducted a systematic review to analyze studies conducted on treatment programs for long COVID based on some form of physical activity. The protocol of the review was registered in the PROSPERO website, and the databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and WOS were searched. Of the 62 initial articles, six were included in the review. The results obtained have positive implications for the advancement of physical activity as a therapeutic intervention for individuals with long COVID-19 and the conceptualization of evidence-based treatment protocols. Statistically significant results have been observed in studies of at least 6 weeks duration, in which inspiratory muscle training exercises are proposed. Further research is needed to better understand long COVID and develop effective treatment strategies.

Chiari Syndrome: Advances in Epidemiology and Pathogenesis: A Systematic Review

Arnold Chiari syndrome is a rare congenital disease of unknown prevalence and whose origin is still under study. It is encompassed within the posterior cranial malformations, showing a wide spectrum of symptomatology that can range from severe headache, dizziness, and paresthesia to complete asymptomatology. It is for this reason that early diagnosis of the disease is difficult, and it is usually diagnosed in adolescence. Treatment is based on remodeling and decompression of the malformed posterior cranial fossa, although the risk of residual symptoms after surgery is high. The aim of this review is to update all the existing information on this pathology by means of an exhaustive analysis covering all the scientific literature produced in the last 5 years. In addition, it has been carried out following the PRISMA model and registered in PROSPERO with code CRD42023394490. One of the main conclusions based on the results obtained in this review is that the origin of the syndrome could have a genetic basis and that the treatment of choice is the decompression of the posterior cerebral fossa.

Safety and Effect of the Use of Hydrotherapy during Labour: A Retrospective Observational Study

BACKGROUND

Hydrotherapy is a technique used for pain management during labour, but its safety for both the mother and foetus remains uncertain.

OBJECTIVE

The main aim of this study is to determine whether the use of hydrotherapy in the first stage of labour is safe for both the mother and newborn.

METHODS

A retrospective observational study was conducted to collect data from the partogram, maternal and neonatal history.

RESULTS

A total of 377 women who gave birth at the Costa del Sol Hospital in Malaga between January 2010 and December 2020 were randomly selected. They were divided into a control group (253 women) and an intervention group (124 women) that used hydrotherapy in the first stage of labour. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, history of previous miscarriages, type of delivery, or newborn weight. The results showed that most women who opted for hydrotherapy were nulliparous, and the use of hydrotherapy during labour was safe for both the mother and foetus. There were no significant differences in the variables of maternal arterial hypotension, postpartum haemorrhage, postpartum maternal fever, foetal complications, neonatal admission, 1 and 5 min Apgar scores, umbilical arterial or venous pH, or foetal cardiotocographic recording. However, there was a significant difference (p = 0.005) in the rate of breastfeeding among mothers who opted for hydrotherapy (96% vs. 85.7%).

CONCLUSIONS

The use of hydrotherapy during the first stage of labour is safe and is associated with increased breastfeeding rates compared to conventional delivery.

Physical Therapies in the Treatment of Post-COVID Syndrome: A Systematic Review

INTRODUCTION

Several days to months after diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, 35% of patients have persistent symptoms in high incidence. This is referred to as post-COVID-19 Syndrome. There is a pressing need to find a way to help patients with the manifested symptoms.

OBJECTIVE

To show the different therapies that exist for post-COVID Syndrome and their efficacy.

METHODOLOGY

A systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out. The data search was carried out in Scopus, PubMed, Cinahl, and Web of Science. Of the 106 articles found, 12 articles were obtained after applying the following eligibility criteria.

RESULTS

Interventions related to respiratory musculature and moderate intensity exercise both in supervised face-to-face sessions and in supervised home sessions led patients to a significant improvement in the symptoms presented.

CONCLUSION

Physical therapies significantly reduce fatigue and dyspnea as well as other symptoms related to quality of life.

Nursing Care Plan for Patients with Tay-Sachs-A Rare Paediatric Disease

Tay-Sachs disease is classified as a rare paediatric disease of metabolic origin. It is an autosomal recessive inherited disease. The gene responsible for the disease is known as HEXA, and it is located on chromosome 15(15q23). There is currently no effective treatment for Tay-Sachs disease; hence, it is an incurable disease in which patients do not live for more than five years, meaning that nursing care takes on greater importance to maintain quality of life. The main objective of this work is to develop a specific standard nursing care plan by applying an inductive research method supported by nursing methodology using the NANDA-NIC-NOC taxonomy and validated by the Delphi method. This care plan will improve the knowledge of health professionals on this topic and support future studies on the disease. Following its implementation, the care plan proposed in this study aims to increase the quality of life of patients diagnosed with this disease.

Nursing Care Plan for Patients with Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome

Hajdu-Cheney syndrome is a rare genetic disease. Its main features include phenotypic variability, age-dependent progression and the presence of acroosteolysis of the distal phalanges and generalized osteoporosis, which have significant disabling potential. Currently, there is no effective curative treatment, so nursing care is essential to ensure the maintenance of the quality of life of these patients. The main objective of this study was to establish a specific standardized nursing care plan using the NANDA-NIC-NOC taxonomy. The application of a care plan as such would improve the quality of life of patients affected by this rare disease, will contribute to increasing healthcare professionals' knowledge on this matter and will support future studies on this disease.